@Research Paper
<#LINE#>The Histological and Biochemical effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle (TiO2) on the liver in Wistar Rat<#LINE#>FartkhoniFatemeh@Mohammadi,Mohammad@Fazilati<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-201.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biology, Payamnoor University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IRAN @ Department of Biochemistry, Payamnoor University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IRAN <#LINE#>1/8/2013<#LINE#>20/8/2013<#LINE#>Nanoparticles have wide spread application in all aspects of modern life because of unique features of their as small size and high surface area. Their features especially high surface area cause it is very reactive and toxic. They can damage human and animal cells by increasing oxidative stress mechanism. Nanotitanium dioxide (TiO2) having different capabilities such asrobustoxidation, biocompatibility, photocatalytic properties frequently used in a wide range of sciences, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, medicine and engineering. Wide application of this materials resulted wide exposing of human and animals to this, so analysis of its toxicity and distribution in the body is important. This study investigates the effects of TiO2 nanoparticle on the concentration of hepatic hormones such as AST, ALT and ALP. Results showed significant alteration in ALT and ALP concentration, also histological studies showed any important changes in liver tissue that indicate toxic effects of nanoTiO2 on liver health.<#LINE#> @ @ Jani P., Halberd G.W., Langridge J. and Florence A.T., Nanoparticle uptake by the gastrointestinal mucosa: quantitation and particle dependency, J Pharm Pharmacol.,42, 821-826 (1990) @No $ @ @ Renn O. and Reco M.C., Nanotechnology and the need for risk governance, J Nanopart Res.,, 153-191 (2006) @No $ @ @ Vishwasa M., Sharmab S., Raob K., Mohanab S., ArjunaGowdac K.V., Chakradher R.P.S., Spectrochimica. Acta., 75, 1073-1077 (2010) @No $ @ @ Warheit D.B., Testing strategies to establish the safty of nanomaterials: conclusions of an ECETOC workshop, InhalToxicol., 19, 631-643 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zhao J.F., NLi S.S. and Wangy A., The mechanism of oxidative damage in the nephrotoxicity of mice caused by nano-anatase Tio2, J ExperiNanosci., 5, 447-462 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mital G. S.,Manoj T. A., Review of Tio2 nanoparticles, Chinese Science Bulletin, 56, 1639-1657 (2011) @No $ @ @ Carlson C., Hussain S.M. and Schrand A.M., Unique cellular interaction of silver nanoparticles: sized dependent generation of reactive oxygen spacies, J Physi Chem., 112, 13608–1319 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kang S.J., kima M.B., Lee Y.J., Hong S.H. and Chung H.W., Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis through the JNK/p38-caspase-8-Bid pathway in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes, Biochem Biophysi  Res communi.,386, 682-687 (2009) @No $ @ @ Berry C.C., Charles S., Wells S., Dalby M.J. and Curtis A.S., The influnence of transferrin stabilized magnetic nanoparticles on human dermal  fibroblasts in culture, Inter J Pharmacol., 269, 211-225 (2004) @No $ @ @ Mital G.S. and Manoj T.A., Review of Tio2 nanoparticles, Chinese Science Bulletin, 56, 1639-1657 (2011) @No $ @ @ Teeter R.N. and Franciscus A., How to Interpret (and Understand) Liver Tests, Hepatitis B Fact Sheet, HCSP, , 1-4 (2010) @No $ @ @ Wang J.X., Zhou G.Q., chen C. Y., Yu H. W., Wang T.C.,Acue toxicity and biodistribution of different sized titanium dioxide particles in mice after oral administration, Toxicol Let.,168, 176-185 (2007) @No $ @ @ Cui T., Liu H., Ahou M., Duan Y., Li N., Gnog X., Hu R., Hong F.,Singnaling pathway of inflammatory responses in the mouse liver caused by Tio2 nanoparticles, Journal of  Biomedical  Materials  Research, 96, 221-229(2011) @No $ @ @ Morishige T., Yoshioka Y., Tanabe A., Yao X., Tsunoda S., Tsutsumi Y., Mukai Y., Okada N., Nakagawa S., Titanium dioxide induces different levels of IL-1beta production dependent on its particle characteristics through caspase-1 activation mediated by reactive oxygen species and cathepsin B., Biochem Biophys  Res Commin., 392, 160-165 (2010) @No $ @ @ Fabian E., Landsiedel R., Ma-Hock L., Wiench K., Wohlleben W., van Ravenzwaay B. Tissue distribution and toxicity of intravenously administered titanium dioxide nanoparticles in rats, Arch Toxicol,83, 151-157 (2008) @No $ @ @ Urs O. H., Gayle J.P., In vitro and in vivo toxicity of magnetic microspheres, J Magn Magnet Mater., 194, 76-82 (1999) @No $ @ @ Garcia M. P., Renata M. P., Sacha B. C, Luciano P. S., Antonio D. S, Zulmira, G.M. L., Puulo C. M. Ricardo B.A., Morphological  analysis  of  mouse Lungs after treatment with magnetite-based  magnetic fluid  stabilized with DMSA, J Magn Magnet Mater, 293, 277 – 282(2005) @No $ @ @ Wei H., Yuedan W., Yufeng Z., In vivo biocompatiility studies of nano TiO2 materials, Adve  Mater Res., 79, 389-392 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bonnemain B., superaramagneticagents in magnetic resonance imaging: physiochemical characteristics and clinical applications, J. Drug  Target.,, 167-174 (1998) @No 
<#LINE#>Describing the Body Shapes of three populations of Sardinella lemuru (Bleeker, 1853) from Mindanao Island, Philippines Using Relative Warp Analysis<#LINE#>Luceño@AprilleJoyM.,Torres@MarkAnthonyJ.,Sharon@RoseM.Tabugo,Demayo@CesarG.<#LINE#>6-17<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-226.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Biological Sciences, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, 9200 Iligan City, PHILIPPINES<#LINE#>4/9/2013<#LINE#>20/12/2013<#LINE#>This study utilized landmark-based geometric morphometrics to determine and describe the body shape variation of Sardinella lemuru populations collected from the bays of Butuan City, Dipolog City, and Pagadian City in Mindanao, Philippines. A total of 30 males and 30 females from each sampling site were digitized and landmarked using 18 landmark points in the fish’s body. Relative warps (RW) for within and between populations were obtained. Significant results for variation between sexes were emphasized by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), canonical variate analysis (CVA), and discriminant function analysis (DFA). RWs show that females exhibit body shapes that are geared to support large number of eggs (i.e. distended belly area) ensuring successful reproductive rate while males exhibit a more slender body and are generally smaller than females. Significant differences were also observed between populations of S. lemuru which can be attributed to geographic isolation permitting little to no interaction between populations. Environmental factors, overfishing/overexploitation could also be considered as factors influencing these morphological variations. Hence, this study showed that landmark-based geometric morphometric methods is an effective tool in describing body shape variations that exist within and between populations of S. lemuru. This initial method in distinguishing between populations is important in proper management of these species.  <#LINE#> @ @ Pileggi J. and Thomson B., Fisheries of the United States, 1978, US-NMFS, 7800:120 (1979) @No $ @ @ Samonte I.E., Pagulayan R.C., Mayer W.E., Molecular Phylogeny of Philippine Freshwater Sardines Based on Mitochondrial DNA Analysis, The American Genetic Association, 91, 247-253 (2000) @No $ @ @ Willette D.A., Bognot E.D.C., Mutia T.M., Santos M.D., Biology and Ecology of Sardines in the Philippines: A Review. Final Draft (2011) @No $ @ @ BFAR (Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources), Philippine fisheries profile Department of Agriculture-BFAR, Manila, Philippines. 54 p. (2000) @No $ @ @ Thomas R., Willette D., Santos M., Phylogeography of the goldstripe Sardinella, Sardinella gibbosa, and the Bali Sardinella, Sardinella lemuru, in the Philippine archipelago. Open Conference Systems, 11th National Symposium in Marine Science (2011) @No $ @ @ Sustainable Fisheries Partnership, FishSource Profile for Bali sardinella - stock units undefined [FIP: Bali sardinella, SFP]. World Wide Web Electronic Publication Available at http://www.fishsource.com/site/goto_profile_by_uuid/059e7bc0-bfb2-11de-b141-daf105bfb8c2 accessed 2013-08-07 last updated May 4, (2013) @No $ @ @ Guanco M.R., Mesa S.V., Belga P.B, Nunal D.R.M., Assessment of the commercial fisheries of Western and Central Visayan Sea, BFAR NFRDI Technical Paper Series 12(1), 1-44 (2009) @No $ @ @ Fisheries-induced Evolution. 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<#LINE#>Biosafety assessment of Pleurotus ostreatus and P. pulmonarius cultivated on Bonnylight crude oil contaminated soils<#LINE#>F.O.@Ekundayo,B.B.@Ayodele,B.J.@Akinyele<#LINE#>18-23<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-251.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, NIGERIA <#LINE#>8/10/2013<#LINE#>10/1/January<#LINE#>This study investigated the biosafety assessment of Pleurotus ostreatus and P. pulmonarius harvested from soil contaminated with Bonnylight crude oil. Twenty seven albino rats of both sexes were allocated into three groups with three animals each viz: animals fed without P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius (CON), animals fed with P. ostreatus harvested from soil contaminated with crude oil (POCO) and animals fed with P. pulmonarius harvested from soil contaminated with crude oil (PPCO). The animals were sacrificed after 21 days and their haematological and histopathological parameters were determined. Weights of animals fed with P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius were higher than the control. The PCV, haemoglobin content, RBC of animals fed with POCO were higher than that of PPCO and control while WBC of animals fed with PPCO was higher than POCO and control. The heart of the rats fed with POCO extract showed little signs of histological deformation. However, there were major signs of histological abnormalities in the heart, kidney, liver and intestine of animals fed with PPCO. This study has shown that large consumption of P. ostreatus grown on crude oil contaminated soil should be done with caution to avoid  slight haemorrhage and necrosis of the heart while P. pulmonarius grown on such soils should not be consumed. <#LINE#> @ @ Radwan S.S., Al-Awadhi H., Sorkhoh N.A. and El-Nemer I.M., Rhizospheric hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms as potential contributors to phytoremediation for the oily Kuwait desert, Microbiol Res., 153, 247–251 (1998) @No $ @ @ Merkel N., Schultez-Kraft R. and Infante C., Assessment of tropical grasses and legumes for phytoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soils, Water Air Soil Pollut,165, 235–242 (2005) @No $ @ @ Peixoto R.S., Vermelho A.B. and Rosado A.S., Petroleum- Degrading Enzymes: Bioremediation and New Prospects, Enzyme Res., (2011), 1-7 (2011) @No $ @ @ Batelle C.D.,  Mushrooms: Higher Macrofungi to clean up the environment, Environmental Issues, Fall (2000) @No $ @ @ Isikhuemhen O.S., Anoliefo G. and Oghale O., Bioremediation of crude oil polluted soil by the white rot fungus, Pleurotus tuber-regium (fr) Sing, Environ. 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<#LINE#>Epidemiology Study of Human Metapneumovirus in Malaysia among Paediatric Children below 4 years of age, 2012<#LINE#>G@Vinomarlini,V.@Raman,L.@Samuel,R.@Thayan,S.@Zainah,Bhassu@Subha<#LINE#>24-28<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-254.pdf<#LINE#>Virology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA @ Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Malaysia, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MALAYSIA @ Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science Building, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA @ Department of Medicine, Shanmuganathan Engineering College, Shanmuganathan Engineering College, Thirumayam, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>17/10/2013<#LINE#>24/1/2014<#LINE#>We have done a specific study on the molecular epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus cases which was found in Malaysia among paediatric children below 48 months of age from January till December 2012. These paediatric cases were isolated from the rest of those entire positive below 48 months of age. The total number of the positive cases below 48 months of age is 53 cases out of the general population of 438 positive cases. We performed phylogenetic analysis on these patients and a seasonal prevalence hMPV incidence was observed in the month of November. A high level of sequence identity was observed in the A2 subgroup and no amino acid substitution was found compared to the strains observed in Malaysia and other countries. The pairwise distance among the strains belonging to the predominant subgroup A2was0.0925 suggesting highly homologous with seasonal epidemics. <#LINE#> @ @ Monto A.S. and Sullivan K.M., Acute respiratory illness in the community, Frequency of illness and the agents involved, Epidemiol Infect, 111, 14540 (1993) @No $ @ @ Loh T.P., F.Y.L. Lai E.S. Tan., et al., Correlations between clinical illness, respiratory virus infections and climate factors in a tropical pediatrics population, Epidemiology and Infection, 139, 1884-1894 (2011) @No $ @ @ Van den Hoogen BG, de Jong JC, Groen J, et al. A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease, Nat Med.,, 719– 724 (2001) @No $ @ @ Murray C., A. Lopez, C. Mathers, and C. Stein, The Global Burden of Disease 2000 project: aims, methods and data sources, In Global programme on evidence for health policy, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2001) @No $ @ @ Pelletier G., Dery P., Abed Y. and Boivin G., Respiratory tract reinfections by the new human metapneumovirus in an immunocompromised child, Emerg. Infect. Dis., , 976-978 (2002) @No $ @ @ Carr M.J., Waters A., Fenwick F., Toms G.L. and Hall W.W., Molecular epidemiology of human metapneumovirus in Ireland, J Med Virol, 80, 510–516 (2008) @No $ @ @ Tamura K., Peterson D., Peterson N., Stecher G., Nei M., and Kumar S), MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony(2011) @No $ @ @ Jukes T.H. and Cantor C.R., Evolution of protein molecules, In Munro HN, editor, Mammalian Protein Metabolism, 21-132, Academic Press, New York (1969) @No $ @ @ Nei M. and Kumar S., Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York, (2000) @No $ @ @ Tamerius J.D., Shaman J. and Alonso W.J. et al., Environmental predictors of seasonal influenza epidemics across temperate and tropical climates, PLoS Pathogens(2013) @No $ @ @ Cannizzo E, Clement C, Morozova K, Valdor R, Kaushik S, Almeida L, Follo C, Sahu R, Cuervo A, Macian F. and Santambrogio L., Age-related oxidative stress compromises endosomal proteostasis, Cell Rep., 26,2(1), 136-49 (2012) @No $ @ @ Jensen-Fangel S., Mohey R., Johnsen S.P., Andersen P.L., Sørensen H.T., Ostergaard L., Gender differences in hospitalization rates for respiratory tract infections in Danish youth, Scand J Infect Dis., 36(1), 31-6 (2004) @No 
<#LINE#>Computational Approach to Explore Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 Seryl tRNA Synthetase Structure<#LINE#>K.@Kasturi,D.S.@Mallika,S.@JeevanAmos,V.@Pavithra,K.R.S.@SambasivaRao<#LINE#>29-40<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-281.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP, INDIA<#LINE#>8/11/2013<#LINE#>24/1/2014<#LINE#>Malaria remains the leading cause of deaths attributable to a communicable disease globally. The reemergence of drug-resistant to Plasmodium falciparum, which is the most fatal human cerebral malarial parasite, has focused attention on aminoacylation in protein translation. Seryl tRNA Synthetase is the enzyme involved in acylation of Serine amino acid to tRNA. The protein sequence of Seryl tRNA synthetase containing 539 residues was obtained from UniprotKB. The enzyme was characterized using computational tools. The secondary and tertiary (3D) structure of the enzyme was predicted using Seryl tRNA Synthetase from other species and validated by various structural quality validation tools. Results of the current study will provide a deep insight about the structure and function of Seryl tRNA synthetase and aid in drug docking, rational drug designing. <#LINE#> @ @ World Malaria Report 2011 (Geneva: World Health Organization) WHO, (2011) @No $ @ @ White N.J., Determinants of relapse periodicity in Plasmodium vivax malaria, J. Malaria., (10), 297 (2011) @No $ @ @ Wells T.N., Alonso P.L. and Gutteridge W.E., New medicines to improve control and contribute to the eradication of malaria, Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., (8), 879–891 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bhatt T.K., Structural Characterization of Histone Deacetylase from Plasmodium falciparum, ISCA J. Biological Sci, (1), 65-68 (2012) @No $ @ @ Laurence Florens et al., A proteomic view of the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle, Nature,  (419), 520–526 (2002) @No $ @ @ Cecile Crosnier, et al., Basigin is a receptor essential for erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium falciparum,Nature.,(480), 534–538 (2011) @No $ @ @ Becker, S.A., Feist, A.M., Mo, M.L., Hannum, G., Palsson, B.O. and Herrgard, M.J., ‘Quantitative prediction of cellular metabolism with constraint-based models: The COBRA Toolbox’, Nat. Protoc.,  (2),727–738(2007) @No $ @ @ Edwards J.S. and Palsson B.O., Metabolic flux balance analysis and the in silicoanalysis of Escherichia coli K-12 gene deletions, BMC Bioinf. (1:1), (2000) @No $ @ @ Kauffman K.J., Prakash P. and Edwards J.S., Advances in flux balance analysis, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., (14), 491–496 (2003) @No $ @ @ Puntervoll P., Linding R., Gemünd C., Chabanis-Davidson S., Mattingsdal M., Cameron S., Martin D. M. A., Rahman S.A. and Schomburg D.‚ Observing local and global properties of metabolic pathway - load points and choke points in the metabolic networks, Bioinformatics,10(22), 1767–1774 (2006) @No $ @ @ Yeh I., Hanekamp T., Tsoka S., Karp P.D. and Altman R.B., Computational analysis of Plasmodium falciparummetabolism: organizing genomic information to facilitate drug discovery, Genome Res., (14), 917–924 (2004) @No $ @ @ Altschul S.F., Madden T.L., Schäffer A.A., Zhang J., Zhang Z., Miller W. and Lipman D.J., Gapped BLAST and PSIBLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs, Nucleic Acids Res., (25), 3389-3402 (1997) @No $ @ @ Katrina C. Martinez, Franco G. Teves and Ma. Reina Suzette B. Madamba, Sequence Analysis of Putative luxS Gene Involved in Prodigiosin Biosynthesis from Philippine Local Strains of Serratia marcescens, ISCA J. Biological Sci,  (2), 13-19 (2013) @No $ @ @ Thompson J.D., Gibson T.J., Plewniak F., Jeanmougin F. and Higgins D.G., The Clustal X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools, Nucleic Acids Research, (25), 4876-4882 (1997) @No $ @ @ Maithri S.K., Ramesh K.V., Dieudonné Mutangana and Deshmukh Sudha., Molecular Modeling and Docking Studies of PirB Fusion Protein from Photorhabdus Luminescens, ISCA J. Biological Sci, (1), 7-18 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ausiello G., Brannetti B., Costantini A., Ferrè F., Maselli V., Via A., Cesareni G., Diella F., Superti-Furga G., Wyrwicz L., Ramu C., McGuigan C., Gudavalli R., Letunic, I., Bork, P., Rychlewski, L., Küster, B., Helmer-Citterich, M., Hunter, W. N., Aasland, R. and Gibson, T. J., ELM server: a new resource for investigating short functional sites in modular eukaryotic proteins, Nucleic Acids Res (31), 3625-3630 (2003) @No $ @ @ Combet C., Blanchet C., Geourjon C. and Deléage G.NPS: network protein sequence analysis. Trends Biochem Sci.,(25:3),147-150 (2000) @No $ @ @ Gasteiger E., Hoogland, C., Gattiker, A., Duvaud, S., Wilkins, M.R., Appel, R.D.and Bairoch, A., ‘Protein Identification and Analysis Tools on the ExPASy Server’, The Proteomics Protocols Handbook, 18,571-607 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kyte J. and Doolittle R.F., A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein, J. Mol. Biol, (157), 105-132 (1982) @No $ @ @ Garnier J., Osguthorpe DJ. and Robson B., Analysis of the accuracy and implications of simple methods for predicting the secondary structure of globular proteins, J Mol Biol, (120), 97-120 (1978) @No $ @ @ Marti-Renom, M.A., Stuart, A.,  Fiser, A.,  Sanchez, R.,  Melo, F. and  Sali, A., Comparative protein structure modeling of genes and genomes, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct, 21(29),291-325(2000) @No $ @ @ Sali A. and Blundell T.L., Comparative protein modelling by satisfaction of spatial restraints, J. Mol. Biol.,(234), 779-815(1993) @No $ @ @ Fiser, A., Do, R.K. and Sali, A., Modeling of loops in protein structures, Protein Science, (9),1753-1773(2000) @No $ @ @ Bhatt T.K., Structural Studies on Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase from Plasmodium falciparum, ISCA J. Biological Sci, (1), 42-46 (2012) @No $ @ @ Combet C., Jambon M., Deleage G. and Geourjon, C.‘Geno3D:  automatic comparative molecular modelling of protein, Bioinformatics, (18), 213-214 (2002) @No $ @ @ Lambert, C., Leonard, N., De Bolle, X.and Depiereux, E., ‘ESyPred3D: Prediction of proteins 3D structures’, Bioinformatics, (18:9), 1250-1256 (2002) @No $ @ @ Bates, P.A., Kelley, L.A., MacCallum, R.M. and Sternberg, M.J.E.,‘Enhancement of Protein Modelling by Human Intervention in Applying the Automatic Programs 3D-JIGSAW and3D-PSSM’, Proteins: Structure, Function and Genetics, (5),39-46(2001) @No $ @ @ Bates, P.A. and Sternberg, M.J.E.,‘Model Building by Comparison at CASP3: Using Expert Knowledge and       Computer Automation’, Proteins: Structure, Function and Genetics, (3),47-54(1999) @No $ @ @   Contreras-Moreira, B., Bates, P.A., ‘Domain Fishing: a first step in protein comparative modelling’, Bioinformatics, (18),1141-1142(2002) @No $ @ @ Arnold, K., Bordoli, L., Kopp, J. and Schwede, T.‘The SWISS-MODEL Workspace: A web-based environment for protein structure homology modelling”, Bioinformatics, (22),195-201(2006) @No $ @ @  Schwede, T., Kopp, J., Guex, N. and Peitsch, MC., ‘SWISS-MODEL: an automated protein homology-modeling server’, Nucleic Acids Research., (31),3381-3385(2003) @No $ @ @ Guex, N. and Peitsch, M. C., ‘SWISS-MODEL and the Swiss-PdbViewer: An environment for comparative protein modeling’., Electrophoresis., (18),2714-2723(1997) @No $ @ @ Nielsen, M., Lundegaard, C., Lund, O. and Petersen, TN., ‘Remote homology modeling using structure guided sequence profiles’, Nucleic Acids Research.,33(38),576-81(2010) @No $ @ @ Laskowski, R A., MacArthur, M W., Moss, D S. and Thornton, J M. (1993) , ‘PROCHECK - a program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures’., J. App. Cryst., (26),283-291(1993) @No $ @ @ Laskowski, R A., Rullmannn, J A., MacArthur, M W., Kaptein, R. and Thornton, J M., ‘AQUA and PROCHECK-NMR: programs for checking the quality of protein structures solved by NMR’, J Biomol NMR, 35(8),477-486(1996) @No $ @ @ Sippl, M.J., Recognition of Errors in Three-Dimensional Structures of Proteins, Proteins (17),355-362(1993) @No 
<#LINE#>A new improved Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC method for Determination of Diosmin and hesperidin in combination<#LINE#>M.K.@Anwer,S.@Jamil,M.J.@Ansari,Al-Shdefat@R.,M.S.@Abdel-Kader<#LINE#>41-46<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-291.pdf<#LINE#><#LINE#>23/11/2013<#LINE#>3/1/2014<#LINE#>A rapid, simple, precise and cost effective stability-indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed and validated for determination of diosmin and hesperidin in combination. The mobile phase consisted of mixture of methanol: water (45:55 v/v). UV detection was performed at 346 nm. The method was linear over the concentration ranges 4.8-7.2 g mL-1, and 20-40 g mL-1 with correlation coefficient 0.999 both for diosmin and hesperidin. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The recovery of diosmin and hesperidin were in the range of 100.3 to 102.2 %. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.0102 and 0.0311g mL-1for diosmin and 0.0558 and 0.1693 g mL-1for hesperidin respectively. The proposed method is reproducible, accurate, robust and suitable for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of the studied drugs in bulk and dosage formulation.  <#LINE#> @ @ Mishra G. Srivastava V.K. and Tripathi A., Analytical method development and validation for assay of Diosmin and Hesperidin in combined tablet dosage form by RP- HPLC, Int. J. Pharm. Life.  Sci., 4, 2834-2839 (2013) @No $ @ @ Cova D. De Angelis L. and Giavarini F., Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of oral diosmin in healthy volunteers, Int. J.Clin.Pharmacol.Ther.Toxicol., 30, 29-33 (1992) @No $ @ @ Lyseng-Williamson  K.A. and Perry C. @No $ @ @ M.,Micronised purified flavonoid fraction: a review of its use in chronic Venous Insufficiency,Venous Ulcers and Haemorrhoids.,63, 71-100(2003) @No $ @ @ Dakora F.D., Plant flavonoids: biological molecules for useful exploitation, J.Plant.Physiol.,22, 87–99 (1995) @No $ @ @ Das  A. Wang  J.H.and Lien  E.J., Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and cancer preventing activities of flavonoids: a structure–system–activity relationship (SSAR) analysis,Prog. Drug. Res.,42, 133–166(1994) @No $ @ @ Sato M.Ramarathnam N. Suzuki Y. Ohkubo T. Takeuchi M. and Ochi H., Varietal differences in the phenolic content and superoxide radical scavenging potential of wines from different sources, J. Agric.  Food. Chem.,44,37–41(1996) @No $ @ @ Cook NC and Samman S. Flavonoids-chemistry, metabolism, cardioprotective effects, and dietary sources, J NutrBiochem., 7, 66–76 (1996) @No $ @ @ Ficarra R.Ficarra  P.Tommasini  S.Calabro  M.L. Ragusa S.Barbera R. and Rapisarda A., Leaf extracts of some Cordia species: analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities as well as their chromatographic analysis, Farmaco., 50,245–256 (1995) @No $ @ @ Garg A., Garg S., Zaneveld L.J. and Singla A.K., Chemistry and pharmacology of the Citrus bioflavonoid hesperidin, Phytothe.r Res., 15, 655-69 (2001) @No $ @ @ Chiba H. Uehara M. Wu J. Wang X.  Masuyama R. Suzuki  K. Kanazawa  K. and Ishimi Y., Hesperidin, a citrus flavonoid, inhibits bone loss and decreases serum and hepatic lipids in ovariectomized mice, J.Nutr.,133, 1892-1897 (2003) @No $ @ @ Saeidi I.Hadjmohammadi M.R.Peyrovi M.Iranshahi  M.Barfi B.Babaei A.B. and Dust., A.M. HPLC determination of hesperidin, diosmin and eriocitrin in Iranian lime juice using polyamide as an adsorbent for solid phase extraction, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 56, 419-422 (2011) @No $ @ @ El-Shafae  A.M. and El-Domiaty  M.M.,Improved LC methods for the determination of diosmin and/or hesperidin in plant extracts and pharmaceutical formulations, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 26, 539-545 (2001) @No $ @ @ International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use: Harmonised Triplicate Guideline on Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology, Recommended for Adoption at Step 4 of the ICH Process on November 1996 by the ICH Steering Committee, IFPMA, Switzerland (1996) @No 
<#LINE#>Identifying Appropriate Methods of Diagnosis Disclosure and Physician- Patient Communication Pattern among Cancer Patients in Iranian Society<#LINE#>Omid@Rezaei,Sima@Abdollahi,Saideh@Masafi,Dolat@shahiBehrooz,Fatemeh@Rooshenas<#LINE#>47-52<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-297.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IRAN @ Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN @ Deparment of Psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish, IRAN @ Department of Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IRAN @ Department of Psychology, Kharazmi (MoaalemTarbiat) University, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>28/11/2013<#LINE#>25/12/2014<#LINE#>Cancer is one of the diseases which make people worry about it all the time. Most people know cancer in terms of death. Training cancer patients about their disease is a part of their treatment. They need training and support in order to cope with disease symptoms and treatment. There is no comprehensive information about awareness rate of Iranian cancer patients from their disease that they prefer to receive necessary information through which person and in which time. Present research is in a field method and has been conducted based on focus group interviews with 40 male cancer patients informed of their diagnosis. Sampling method was available sampling. Statistical universe included all patients referring to blood and oncology center of Dr. Shariati Hospital in Tehran. According to findings, specialist physician is the most suitable person for diagnosis disclosure and breaking bad news. Appropriate time is the interval between definitive diagnosis and initial treatment. Patient prefers to be alone while hearing cancer diagnosis. Also, specialist physician discloses disease diagnosis personally with him in an interval between definitive diagnosis and initial treatment. Cancer Patients prefer active-passive communication pattern which might be caused by dominant culture on Iranian Society (p0.01). In Iran people believe that if patients were aware of their disease, perhaps they may be lost sooner. The amount and accuracy of information disclosure in different countries are different.<#LINE#> @ @ Holland J.C. and Friedlander M.M., Oncology. In M. Blumenfield and J.J. Strain (Eds.), psychosomatic medicine,Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, (2006) @No $ @ @ Schofield P.E., Butow P.N. and Thompson J.F., et al., Psychological responses of patients receiving a diagnosis of cancer, Annals of Oncology, 14(1), 48–56 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sarafino E.P., Health Psychology: Bio psychosocial Interactions, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley; (1994) @No $ @ @ Hoffman R.L. and Mitechel M., Caregiver Burden: Historical Development, Nursing Forum, 33(4), 5-11 (1998) @No $ @ @ Hosaka T., Oaki T. and Ichikawa Y., Emotional states of patients with hematological malignancies: a preliminary study, Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, 24(4), 186-9 (1994) @No $ @ @ Barnett M.M., Does it hurt to know the worst? Psychological morbidity, information preferences and understanding of prognosis in patients with advanced cancer, Psycho-Oncology,15(1), 44-55 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mitchell J.L., Cross-Cultural issues in the disclosure of cancer, Cancer Practice, 6(3), 153-6 (1998) @No $ @ @ Janghorbani M., Zhianpour M., Tabatabiee H.R., Diagnosis and prognosis disclosure to dying adult cancer patients, Part 1: Physician attitude, Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences,1(1), 5-8 (1994) @No $ @ @ Gilhooly M.L.M. and Berkely  J.S. et al., Truth telling with dying Cancer Patients, Palliative Medicine,2(1), 64-71 (1988) @No $ @ @ Kagawa-Singer M., Socioeconomic and cultural influences on cancer care of women, Seminars in Oncology Nursing,11(2), 109-19 (1995) @No $ @ @ Tang S.T. and Lee S.Y.C., Cancer diagnosis and prognosis in Taiwan: patient’s preferences versus experiences, Psycho-Oncology; 13(1), 1-13 (2004) @No $ @ @ Deng G. and Cassileth B.R., Integrative oncology: complementary therapies for pain, anxiety and mood disturbance, A Cancer Journal for Clinicians,55(2), 109-16 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lee A. and Wu H.Y., Diagnosis disclosure in cancer patients- when the family says “no”! Singapore Medical Journal,43(10), 533-3 (2002) @No $ @ @ Lin H.R. and Bauer–Wu S.M., Psycho–spiritual well–being in patients with advanced cancer: an integrative review of the literature, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44(1), 69-80 (2003) @No $ @ @ Die T.M., The patient from a different culture, In J.C. Holland (Eds.), Psycho-Oncology, New York: Oxford University Press; (1998) @No $ @ @ Woodbine G., The care of Patients dying from Cancer, The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 32(244), 685-689 (1982) @No $ @ @ Juarez G., Ferrell B. and Borneman T., Cultural consideration in education for cancer pain management, Journal of Cancer Education, 14(3), 168-173 (1999) @No $ @ @ Tavoli A., The role of information in the quality of life of cancer patients with gastrointestinal cancer, Payesh Journal, 3(1), 257-264 (2007) @No $ @ @ Friedrichsen M.J., Strang P.M., Carlsson M.E., Cancer patient’s perceptions of their participation and own resources after receiving information about discontinuation of active tumor treatments, ActaOncologica, 39(8), 919-25 (2000) @No 
<#LINE#>Some Aquatic Hyphomycetes from Khandwa District of MP, India<#LINE#>D.K.@Patil,K.B.@Patil,K.N.@Borse<#LINE#>53-56<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-316.pdf<#LINE#>R.C. Patel College, Shirpur - 425405, MS, INDIA @ Arts, Comm. and Science College, Songir, MS, INDIA @ S.S.V.P.S’s Dr. P.R. Ghogrey Science College, Dhule - 424005, MS, INDIA <#LINE#>21/12/2013<#LINE#>2/2/2014<#LINE#>  During the preliminary investigation of aquatic hyphomycetes from Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh the five species of aquatic Hyphomycetes encountered in foam samples collected from the different streams and rivers. These fungi namely viz., Flabellospora crassa Alasoadura, Flabellospora verticillataAlasoadura, Flabellospora acuminata Descals & Webster, Helicomyces torquitus Lane and Shearer and Isthmotricladia gombakiensis Nawawi, are being reported for the first time in freshwater habitats from Madhya Pradesh. Brief notes and illustrations are also provided along with geographical distributions of these fungi in India.  <#LINE#> @ @ Ingold C.T., Aquatic hyphomycetes of decaying older leaves, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 25, 339–417 (1942) @No $ @ @ Nilsson S., Freshwater hyphomycetes: Taxanomy, Morphology and Ecology, Symb. Bot. Ups.,18, 1-130 (1964) @No $ @ @ Wesbster J. and Descals E., The telomorphs of waterborne hyphomycetes from freshwater, In: The Whole fungus(ed. Kendrick, B.), National museums of Canada and Kananaskis foundation, Ottawa, Canada, 2, 419–451 (1979) @No $ @ @ Volkmann - Kohlmeyer B. and Kohlmeyer J., How to prepare truly permanent microscopic slides, Mycologist, 10,107–108 (1996) @No $ @ @ Ingold C.T., An illustrated guide to Aquatic and water-Borne Hyphomycetes, Freshwater Biological Associ. Sci. Publ., 30, 96  (1975) @No $ @ @ Marvanova L., Freshwater hyphomycetes: a survey with remarks on tropical taxa In: Tropical Mycology (eds. Janardhanan, Rajendran, Natrajan and Hawksworth), Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., Calcutta, 169-226 (1997) @No $ @ @ Kamat M.N., Patwardhan P.G., Rao V.E. and Sathe A.V., Fungi of Maharashtra, Bull. No. 1. MPK Vidyapeeth Publication, Rahuri, M.S., 1-124 (1971) @No $ @ @ Bhide V.P., Alka Pande, Sathe A.V., Rao V.G. and Patwardhan P.G., Fungi of Maharashtra (Sup - I), MACS, Res. Institute Publication, Pune, M.S. 1–116 (1987) @No $ @ @ Mahabale T.S., Botany and Flora of Maharashtra, Gazetteers, Govt. of M.S., 169–222 (1987) @No $ @ @ Bilgrami K.S., Jamaluddin S. and Rizwi M.A., Fungi of India,  Part – I, Today and Tomorrow’s Print. and Pub., New Delhi, 467 (1979) @No $ @ @ Bilgrami K.S., Jamaluddin S. and Rizwi M.A., Fungi of India, Part – II, Today and Tomorrow’s Print. and Pub., New Delhi, 268 (1981) @No $ @ @ Bilgrami K.S., Jamaluddin S. and Rizwi M.A., Fungi of India, List and References, Today and Tomorrows print. and Pub., New Delhi, 1–798 (1991) @No $ @ @ Sridhar K.R., Chandrashekar K.R. and Kaveriappa K.M., Research on the Indian subcontinents. In: The Ecology of aquatic hyphomycetes(Eds. Barlocher), Spinger - Varlag., Heidelberg Press, New York, 182–211 (1992) @No $ @ @ Sarbhoy A.K., AgrawalD.K.  and Varshney J.L., Fungi of India, Associated Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1–274 (1986) @No $ @ @ Sarbhoy A.K., Varshney J.L. and Agrawal D.K., Fungi of India(1982 -1992), CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 1–350 (1996) @No $ @ @ Jamaluddin S., Goswami M.G. and Ojha B.M., Fungi of India(1989-2001), Scientific Publishers Jodhpur (India), 1–326, (2004) @No $ @ @ Descals E. and Webster J., Taxonomic studies on aquatic hyphomycetes - III: Some new species and new combinations, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 78, 405-437 (1982) @No $ @ @ Sridhar K.R. and Kaveriappa K.M., Aquatic fungi on the Western Ghats forest in Karnataka, Indian Phytopath., 35, 293–296 (1982) @No $ @ @ Sridhar K.R. and Kaveriappa K.M., Occurrence and Survival of aquatic hyphomycetes in brackish Sea water, Arch. fur. Hydrobiol.113, 153–160 (1988) @No $ @ @ Mer G.S. and Sati S.C., Seasonal fluctuation in species composition of aquatic hyphomycetes flora in a temperate freshwater of central Himalaya, India, Int. Rev. Gen. Hydrobiol., 74, 433–437 (1989) @No $ @ @ Alasoadura S.O., Flabellospora crassa n. gen. n. sp; an aquatic hyphomycetes from Nigeria, Nova Hedwigia, 15, 415–418 (1968) @No $ @ @ Patil S.D. and Kapadnis B.P., Stream spora of Maharashatra, MVMP, 14, 59-64 (1980) @No $ @ @ Subramanian C.V. and Bhat D.J., Conidia from freshwater foam samples from the Western Ghats, South India, Kavaka, 9, 45-62 (1981) @No $ @ @ Sridhar K.R. and Kaveriappa K.M., Water - Borne fungi of Kunthi River in Silent Valley – Kerala, Indian Phytopath., 38, 371 – 372 (1985) @No $ @ @ Sridhar K.R. and Kaveriappa K.M., Aquatic hyphomycetes of the Western Ghat forests in Karnataka, Indian Phytopath., 37, 546–548 (1984) @No $ @ @ Sridhar K.R. and Kaveriappa K.M., New records of aquatic hyphomycetes, Indian Phytopath, 39, 131–132 (1986) @No $ @ @ Sridhar K.R. and Kaveriappa K.M., Water borne hyphomycetes spora of two freshwater streams, Env. and Ecol., 7, 771–772 (1989) @No $ @ @ Ramesh Ch. and Vijaykumar S.,  In: Ecology of Fungi (Eds. Bhat, D. J. and Raghukumar, S.), Goa Uni. Press, Goa, India, 21, (2000) @No $ @ @ Alasoadura S.O.,  Flabellospora verticillata a new species of aquatic hyphomycetes  from Nigeria, Nova Hedwigia, 15, 419 – 421, (1968) @No $ @ @ Lane L.C. and Shearer C.A., Helicomyces torquatus, A new Hyphomycetes from Panama, Mycotaxon, 9, 291-297 (1984) @No $ @ @ Sarma T.K. and Manoharachary C., Numerical studies on conidial fungi from a stream of Andhra Pradesh, Indian Phytopath.,42, 596-598 (1989) @No $ @ @ 5632.Borse B.D. and Patil S.Y.,  Aquatic fungi from North Maharashtra - IV: BRI’s, J. Adv. Sci. and Tech. 9, 91–95 (2006) @No $ @ @ Nawawi A., Another hyphomycete with branched conidia, Trans. Bri. Mycol. Soc., 64, 243-246. (1975) @No 
<#LINE#>Studies on the Dormancy and Germination of Stony Fruits of Hog plum (Spondias mombin) in Response to Different Pre-Soaking Seed Treatments<#LINE#>O.Y.@Fadimu,O.T.H.@Idowu,S.J.@Ipinlaye<#LINE#>57-62<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-319.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, NIGERIA @ Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research (IFSERAR), Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, NIGERIA<#LINE#>24/12/2013<#LINE#>16/2/2014<#LINE#>Different parts of Spondias mombin plant is known for its diverse ethnopharmacological uses in different parts of the world. However, the seeds are dormant and the tree species remain undomesticated. The dormancy and germination of stony fruits of Hog plum (Spondias mombin) in responses to different pre-soaking seed treatments was carried out in the forest nursery unit of the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.  Seeds were subjected to three main pre-soaking treatment methods each at three different duration of exposure; soaking in hot water, exposure to oven drying heat and soaking in 60% concentrated acid solutions (HSO, HNO and HCl) while the controls were sown without treatment. The results showed that 60% concentrated HSO4 for 25minutes produced the highest (75%) germination. Soaking in hot water at 100°C for 3minutes and exposure to oven drying heat at 90°C and 100°C for 3minutes gave poor germination (1%). It was however recorded that all the controls showed poorest germination (0%) under the same experimental conditions. Germination was observed to be enhanced by increase in the period of soaking from 15min. to 25mins in 60% concentrated acids solutions (HSO, HNO and HCl) except with HCl at 25mins. The increased seed germination through pre-soaking for 25mins in 60% conc. HSO4 nicking suggest that seed dormancy in S. mombin  is mainly due to the chemical inhibitors and hard seed covering which renders the tough and corky endocarp impermeable to water and gases required for germination process. The information gathered in this research work will assist in solving the problems of seed dormancy for easy propagation of this highly demanded tree species.   <#LINE#> @ @ Bewley J.D. and Black M., Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination, Plenum Press: New York, NY. 1-200 (1994) @No $ @ @ Eira M.T.S. and Caldas L.S., Seed Dormancy and Germination as Concurrent Processes, Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology,12, 85-103 (2000) @No $ @ @ Fadimu O.Y., Ajiboye A.A., Agboola D.A., Kadiri M. and Adedire M.O., Effects of some combination of phytohormones on some growth parameters and vitamin, carbohydrate, protein and chlorophyll contents of Spondias mombin (Linn.) seedlings, Ife Journal of Science,14(2), 397-403 (2012) @No $ @ @ International Seed Testing Association (ISTA)., International Rules for Seed Testing. ISTA, Bassersdorf, Ch- Switzerland (2003) @No $ @ @ Njoku P.C. and Akumefula M.I., Phytochemical and Nutrient Evaluation of Spondias Mombin Leaves, Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 6(6), 613-615 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ayoka A.O., Akomolafe R.O., Akinsomisoye O.S. and Ukponmwan O.E., Medicinal and Economic Value of Spondias mombinAfrican Journal of Biomed Research,11, 129–136 (2008) @No $ @ @ Igwe C.U., Onyeze G.O.C., Onwuliri V.A., Osuagwu C.G. and Ojiako A.O., Evaluation of the chemical composition of the leaf of Spondias mombin Linn. from Nigeria, Australian Journal of Basic Science, 4(5), 706 – 710 (2010) @No $ @ @ Agboola D.A., The effect of fruit fermentation and some pretreatments on the germination of seeds of  Spondias mombin (Linn.) Asset series B,1(1) 47-52 (2002) @No $ @ @ Fasidi I.O., Fawole M.O., Olafinboba M.O. and Akinyanju J.A., Germination inhibitors in the fruits and seeds of Chlorophora excels, Nigerian Journal of Science,13, 389–391 (1979) @No $ @ @ Ibrahim A.T. and Nwoboshi L.C., Effects of presowing treatments on germination of Teak and Gmelina seeds, Nigerian Journal of Forestry, 16(1&2), 20-24 (1986) @No $ @ @ Okoro O.O., Revolutionising processing of Gmelina arborea seeds in Nigeria, Proceedings of Forestry Association of Nigeria, 13th annual conference Benin, Nigeria (1993) @No $ @ @ Agboola D.A., Studies on dormancy and germination of seeds of Prosopis africana (Guil & Perr) Taub.Nigerian Journal of Botany, 8, 45-56 (1995) @No $ @ @ Ajiboye A.A. and Agboola D.A., Some aspect of dormancy studies and vitamin D content in four tree seed species, International Research Journal of Plant Science,2(2), 32-36 (2011) @No $ @ @ McDonald I. and Omoruyi O., Effect of seed pre-treatment on germination of two surface types of Dialium guianeense Seed Technology,25, 41-44 (2003) @No $ @ @ Fasidi I.O., Tsamani T., Kadiri M. and Agboola D.A., Studies on growth inhibitors and promoters in dormant and germinating seeds of Parkia biglobosa,Nigerian Journal of Botany, 13, 89-95 (2000) @No $ @ @ Biswas P., Bell K. and Crayton P., Germination behaviour of Florida Puley seeds, Weed Science,23(5), 400-403 (1975) @No $ @ @ Okonkwo S.N.C. and Nwoke F.I.C., Bleach-induced germination and breakage of dormancy of seeds of Alectra vogelli. Physiolog Plant, 35(5), 175-180 (1975) @No $ @ @ Marunda C.T., Effect of seed pretreatments on the development of Acacia auriculiformis and A. holosericeaseedlings, In ACIAR Proceedings, Tropical Tree Seed Research, 28, 33–36 (1990) @No $ @ @ Gunn B.V., Germination pre-treatment for selected Acacia species from the Pilbara region of Western  Austrialia, In ACIAR Proceedings, Tropical Tree Seed Research,28, 46–50 (1990) @No $ @ @ Lemma G. and Scarisbrick O., Germination of Chamaecytisus palmensis as affected by ageing and method of pre-germination treatment, African Crop Science  Journal,(2), 165–171 (1999) @No $ @ @ Otegbeye G.O. and Momodu A.B., Preliminary study of germination techniques for seeds of Parkia biglobosa Journal of Agric. and Environ., 4(1),32–41 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ibrahim A. and Otegbeye G.O., Methods of achieving optimum germination in Adasonia digitata,Bowen Journal of Agriculture,1(1), 53–59 (2004) @No $ @ @ Esenowo G.T., Studies of germination of Adasonia digitataseeds, Journal of Agricultural Science,117, 81–84 (1991) @No
<#LINE#>Studying the inhibitory effect of Alcoholic extract of inner Stratum of Oak Fruit (jaft) and hydro alcoholic extract of Summer bulb on Acinetobacter in vitro<#LINE#>Roozegar@MohhamadAli,Panahi@Jafar,RezaHavasian@Mohamad,Pakzad@Iraj<#LINE#>63-65<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-018.pdf<#LINE#> Dep. Periodentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, @ IRAN Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IRAN @ Dep. Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IRAN<#LINE#>20/1/2014<#LINE#>12/2/2014<#LINE#>Acinetobacter is an important nasocomoial agent. In regarding to the increase of resistant bacteria and identified of side effect of antibiotics, using of plant drug with antibacterial effect is to appeal. This study aims to investigate inhibitory effect of alcoholic extract of oak inner stratum and hydro alcoholic extract of summer bulb on Acinetobacter in vitro. Oak inner stratum and summer bulb was collected and alcoholic and hydro alcoholic extraction was done. Inhibitory effect was carried out by disk diffusion and agar well diffusion method.Alcoholic extract of jaft had inhibitory effect, but hydro alcoholic extract of summer bulb don’t have significant effect on this bacteria. The highest inhibitory effect of jaft was in 80µg/ml Concentration. The results showed that alcoholic extract of jaft has inhibitory effect on Acinetobacter, but hydro alcoholic extract of summer bulb don’t have noticeable inhibitory effect. <#LINE#> @ @ Wang H, Guo P, Sun H, Wang H, Yang Q, Chen M, et al. Molecular epidemiology of clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. from Chinese hospitals, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 51(11), 4022-8 (2007) @No $ @ @ Gerner-Smidt P. Taxonomy and epidemiology of acinetobacter infections, Rev Med Microbiol,, 186-97(1995) @No $ @ @ Riyahi Zaniani F, Ghazvini K, Sadeghian A, Reihani R,  Bagheri M, Darban Hosseini M. Resistent Acinetobacter Wound Infection in Orthopaedics, Iranian Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 8(1), 40-3 (2010) @No $ @ @ Dunbar J: Review of the bum cases treated in the Glascow Royal infirmary during the past hundred years, with some observations on the present day treatment- Glasgow, Med. J., 122-239 (1934) @No $ @ @ Ebrahimi A, Khayami M, Nejati V. Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activity of Quercus persica. GMUHS Journal, 18(1), 11-17 (2012) @No $ @ @ Cowan M. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev. 12(4), 564-582 (1999) @No $ @ @ Samsam shariat H. Medical plants. 1st ed. Isfahan: chahar bagh, (2006) @No $ @ @ Panahi J, Havasian MR, Pakzad I, davudian A, Jalilian F, Jalilian A. In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Inner Stratum of Oak Fruit (Jaft) on Candida Albicans, J Pharm Biomed Sci., 3(1), 5-8 (2013) @No $ @ @ Pfaller, M.A. and D.J. Diekema, Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem, Clin Microbiol Rev,20(1), 133-63(2007) @No $ @ @ Jabra-Rizk, M.A., W.A. Falkler, and T.F. Meiller, Fungal biofilms and drug resistance. Emerg Infect Dis, 10(1), 14-9(2004) @No $ @ @ Glover D.D. and B. Larsen, Relationship of fungal vaginitis therapy to prior antibiotic exposure, Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol,11(3), 157-60(2003) @No $ @ @ Anonymous. The united states pharmacopeia, The national formulary. USP convention, InC. 2638-40 (2002) @No $ @ @ Bosio K, Avanzini C, D'Avolio A, Ozino O, Savoia D. In vitro activity of propolis against Streptococcus pyogenes. Lett Appl Microbiol,31(2), 174-7 (2000) @No $ @ @ Egorov N.S. Antibiotics: A Scientific approach, Translated by Alexander Rosinkin, MIR Publishers. Moscow, (1985) @No $ @ @ NCCLS. Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically. Approved Standards – Fifth Edition NCCLS document M7-A5, Wayne, Pennsylvania, (2000) @No $ @ @ Chitsaz M, Pargar A, Naseri M, Kamalinegad M, Bazargan M, Mansuri M, et al,. Essential oil composition and Antibacterial effects Hydroalcoholic extract Thyme essential oil thin (ziziphora clinopodiodes: LAM) On selected bacteria, Daneshvar medicine,14(68), 15-22 (2007) @No $ @ @ Panahi J , Havasiyan MR, Gheitasi S,  Pakzad I, Jaliliyan A, Hoshmandfar R, Havasiyan M. The in Vitro Inhibitory Effects of the Aqueous Extracts of Summer Onion on Candida Albicans, J Ilam Uni Med Sci., 21(1),54-59(2013) @No $ @ @ Bagiu RV, Vlaicu B, Butnariu M. Chemical Composition and in vitro antifungal activity screening of the allium ursinum (Liliaceae), Int J Mol Sci.,13, 1426-36 (2012) @No $ @ @ Panahi J, Havasian MR, Pakzad I, davudian A , Jalilian F, Jalilian A. In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Inner Stratum of Oak Fruit (Jaft) on Candida Albicans, J Pharm Biomed Sci.,3(1), 5-8 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sherafati Chaleshtari F, Sherafati Chaleshtari R, Momeni M. Antimicrobial effect of ethanol extract of Scrophularia (Scrophularia striata) on E. coli in vitro. J Shahr kord Uni Med Sci., Complementary Medicine Supplement, 32-37 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ebrahimi A, Khayami M, Nejati V. Comarsion of antimicrobial effect of different parts of Quercus persica against Escherichia coli O157:H7, J of Ofoghe Danesh,18(1), 11-18(2012) @No $ @ @ Ebrahimi A, Khayami M, Nejati V. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Hydroalcoholic axtract fruit of oak Iranian to disk diffusion method, J of medical plants,1(33),  26-34 (2009) @No $ @ @ Hojati Bonab Z, Nikhah E. Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial effect of methanolic extract From Thyme (Thymus vulgar), Senna(Cassia angustifolia)| and licorice(glycyrrhiza glabra), Daneshvar medicine,19(100), 186-193 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Solanum tuberosum L. cultivars (Kufri Chipsona 3 and MP-97/644) via Leaf Explants<#LINE#>Vijay@Kumar,Rashmi@Deep,Banerjee@Madhuparna<#LINE#>66-72<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-026.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835215, INDIA @ College of Biotechnology, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi- 834006, INDIA <#LINE#>24/1/2014<#LINE#>6/3/2014<#LINE#>The aim of this study was to establish a protocol for rapid callus induction and plant regeneration of potato. The leaf explants of two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars viz. (Kufri Chipsona 3 and MP-97/644) were cultured for callus induction and plant regeneration. Best callus growth from both the cultivars was observed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) media containing 3.0 mg/l of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) and1.0 mg/l of kinetin. MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of BA, Kinetin and AdSO were employed for shoot regeneration. Best shoot regeneration from callus was observed on MS media containing 1.5 mg/l BA (6-benzyladenine) and 25.0 mg/l AdSO (Adenine sulphate). The mean number of shoots/callus clump was 21.00 (Kufri Chipsona 3) and 18.67 (MP-97/644) after 60 days of inoculation. When the plants were transferred to green house, primary hardening was achieved within 10 days and about 99% plants survived. <#LINE#> @ @ Wang B., Ma Y.L., Zhang Z.B., Wu Z.M., Wu Y.F., Wang Q.C., Li M.F., Potato viruses in China, Crop Prot.,30, 1117–1123 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hashem A., Hussain M.M., Monnikhof G., Seed Potato production at the private sector in Bangladesh. In: Seed potato in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation, Dhaka,  100-105 (1990) @No $ @ @ Tiwari J.K., Chandel P., Gupta S., Gopal J., Singh B.P., Bhardwaj V., Analysis of genetic stability of in vitro propagated potato microtubers using DNA markers, Physiol. Mol. Biol. Plants.,19, 587-595 (2013) @No $ @ @ Hoque A., Hossain M.A., Bhuiyan, Hossain M., Begum S.M., Alu utpadone tissue culture projukti babohar (In bengali). Tuber Crop Research Centre, BARI. Gazipur. pp. 11 (2007) @No $ @ @ Steward F.C. and Caplin S.M., A tissue culture from potato tuber: The synergistic action of 2, 4-D and of coconut milk, Sci.,111, 518-520 (1951) @No $ @ @ Afrasiab H. and Iqbal J., Genetic analysis of somaclonal variants and induced mutants of potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) cv. Diamant using RAPD markers, Pak. J. Bot., 44, 215-220 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shirin F., Hossain M., Kabir M.F., Roy M., Sarker S.R., Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Internodal and Leaf Explants of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars, World J. Agric. Sci., , 1-6 (2007) @No $ @ @ Khatun N., Bari M.A., Islam R., Huda S., Siddique N.A., Rahman M.H., Mollah M.U., Callus induction and regeneration from nodal segment of potato cultivar Diamant, J. Biol. Sci.,, 1101-1106 (2003) @No $ @ @ Jelenic S., Jasna B., Drazena P., Sibila J., Mixoploidy and chimeric structiures in somaclones of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Bintje. Food Tech Biotechnol 39, 13-17 (2001) @No $ @ @ Nasrin S., Hossain M.M., Anjumarana K., Alam M.F., Mondal M.R.K., Induction and evaluation of somaclonal variation in potato (Solanum tuberosum .) Onl. J. Biol. Sci.,, 183-190 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bordallo P.N., Silva D.H., Maria J., Cruz C.D., Fontes E.P., Somaclonal variation in in vitro callus cultures of potato cultivars, Hortic. Bras.,22, 34-44 (2004) @No $ @ @ Turhan H., Callus induction and growth in potato genotypes, Afr. J. Biotechnol.,, 375-378 (2004) @No $ @ @ Gavinlertvatana P. and Li P.H., The influence of 2,4-D and kinetin on leaf callus formation in different potato species, Pot. Res.,23, 115-120 (1980) @No $ @ @ Dobranszki J., Tabori K.M., Ferenczy A., Light and genotype effects on in vitro tuberization of potato plantlets, Pot. Res.,42, 483-488 (1999) @No $ @ @ Murashige T. and Skoog F., A revised medium for rapid growth and bio-assays with tobacco tissue cultures, Physiol. Plant.,15, 473–497 (1962) @No $ @ @ Bisht S.S. and Bisht N.S., Callus induction studies in different explants of Swertia angustifolia (Buch-Ham), Plant Archives.,, 713-716 (2008) @No $ @ @ Tao H., Jing X., Lina Y., Haitao W., An Efficient Method for Plant Regeneration from Calli of Swertia mussotii, an Endangered Medicinal Herb, Am. J. Plant. Sci.,, 904-908 (2012) @No $ @ @ Onamu R., Legaria J.P., Sahagún J.C., Rodríguez J.L., Pérez J.N., In vitro Regeneration and Agrobacteriummediated Transformation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars Grown in Mexico, Plant Tissue Cult.  Biotechnol., 22, 93-105 (2012) @No $ @ @ Haque A.U., Samad M.A., Shapla T.L., In Vitro Callus Initiation and Regeneration of Potato. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res.,34, 449-456 (2009) @No $ @ @ Omidi M. and Shahpiri., Callus induction and plant regeneration in vitro in potato, Acta. Hort.,619, 315-322 (2003) @No $ @ @ Gaspar T., Kevers C., Penel C., Greppin H., Reid D.M., Thorpe., Plant hormones and plant growth regulators in plant tissue culture, In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. –Plant.,32, 272-289 (1996) @No $ @ @ Gaspar T., Kevers C., Faivre-Rampant O., Crevecoeur M., Penel C.L., Greppin H., Dommes J., Changing concepts in plant hormone action, In vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. –Plant.,39, 85-106 (2003) @No $ @ @ VanStaden J., Zazimalova E., George E.F., Plant growth regulators II: Cytokinins, their analogues and antagonist. In: George EF, Hall M, De Kleck GJ (eds.) Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture. vol 1.The Background. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 205-226 (2008) @No $ @ @ Dhar U. and Upreti J., In vitro regeneration of a mature leguminous liana (Bauhinia vahlii) (Wight and Arnott), Plant Cell Rep.,18, 664-669 (1999) @No $ @ @ Husain M.K., Anis M., Shahzad A., In vitro propagation of a multipurpose leguminous tree (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.) using nodal explants, Acta Physiol. Plant.,30, 353-35 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bhuiyan F.R., In Vitro meristem culture and regeneration of three potato varieties of Bangladesh, Res. Biotechnol.,, 29-37 (2013) @No $ @ @ Hamdi M., Ceballos E., Ritter E., Galaretta J.I.R., Evaluation of regeneration ability in Solanum tuberosum . Inves. Agra. Prod. Prot. Veg.,13, 159-166 (1998) @No 
<#LINE#>The Potentials of Nitrogen Fixing Tree Species for Forest Restoration in the Philippines<#LINE#>M.S.@Combalicer,D.K.@Lee,Y.D.@Park,K.K.@Bae<#LINE#>73-82<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-029.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Forest Biological Sciences, College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, PHILIPPINES @ Park Chung Hee School of Policy & Saemaul, Yeungnam University 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, REPUBLIC OF KOREA D@ epartment of Forest Resources, College of Life & Environmental Science, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 712-714, REPUBLIC OF KOREA @ Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA <#LINE#>28/1/2014<#LINE#>3/3/2014<#LINE#>  A/Ci curve (net CO assimilation rate, A, versus calculated internal CO concentrations, C), foliage and soils for chemical properties were measured in some 20-year-old nitrogen fixing tree species for reforestation in the Philippines including Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia mangium and Pterocarpus indicus to determine their differences based on the derived parameters, maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and maximum capacity for electron transport rate (Jmax). Results of the study showed that parameters, derived from the A/C curve (Vcmax and Jmax), were significantly high in both A. mangium and A. auriculiformis. These species have the ability to survive in various conditions and could also serve as nurse species for other native species. This would eventually lead to subsequent succession by more site-demanding species in the future. The implication of this study is very crucial as it provided better insights about the nature of A. mangium and A. auriculiformis for reforestation purposes. Therefore, more attention should be given to ecophysiological researches by including a variety of species either exotic or native to provide greater understanding of their ecophysiological differences which would better aid forest restoration works. <#LINE#> @ @ Lasco R.D. and Pulhin F.B., The mountain ecosystems of the Philippines: opportunities for mitigating climate change, University of Oxford, UK, December (1997) @No $ @ @ Dhabhai R. and Prakash A., Production and Applications of Artificial seeds: A Review, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 1(5),74-78 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sharkey T.D., Bernacchi C.J., Farquhar G.D. and Singsaas E.L., Fitting photosynthetic carbon dioxide response curves for C leaves, Plant Cell Environ., 30, 1035-1040(2007) @No $ @ @ Díaz-Espejo A., Walcroft A.S., Fernández J.E., Hafidi B., Palomo M.J. and Girón I.F, Modeling photosynthesis in olive leaves under drought conditions, Tree Physiol.,26,1445 – 1456 (2006) @No $ @ @ Flexas J., Diaz-Espejo A., Berry J.A., Cifre J., Galmes J., Kaldenhoff R., Medrano H. and Ribas-Carbo M., Analysis of leakage in IRGA’s leaf chambers of open gas exchange systems: quantification and its effects in photosynthesis parameterization. J. Exp. Bot.,58(6), 1533-1543 (2007) @No $ @ @ Woodward I., Smith T.M. and Emmanuel W.R., A global land primary productivity and phytogeography model,Global Biogeochem Cy., 9, 471-490(1995) @No $ @ @ Ansari A., Biomass: Energy and Environmental Concerns in Developing Country, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 1(1), 54-57 (2012) @No $ @ @ Eldoma A. and Awang K.,Site adaptability of Acacia mangium, Acacia auliculiformis, Acacia crassicarpa and Acacia aulacocarpa. APAFRI Publication Series No. 3. Asia Pacific Association of Forestry Research Institutions, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1999) @No $ @ @ Bernacchi C., Singsaas E., Pimentel C., Portis Jr. A. and Long S., Improved temperature response functions for models of Rubisco-limited photosynthesis, Plant Cell Environ., 24, 253-259 (2001) @No $ @ @ Laisk A.K.,Kinetics of photosynthesis and photorespiration in C plants. Nauka, Moscow (1977) @No $ @ @ Kwak M.J.,Growth and physio-biochemical parameters changes in response to water and light intensity on Cork Oak (Quercus suber L.) Seedlings, M.Sc. Thesis. Department of Environmental Horticulture, Graduate School, University of Seoul, 137 (2010) @No $ @ @ Loustau D., Brahim M.B., Gaudillere J.P. and Dreyer E., Photosynthetic responses to phosphorus nutrition in two-year-old maritime pine seedlings. Tree Physiol.,19, 707-715(1999) @No $ @ @ Srivastava N. and Kumar G., Biomass productivity of Green Manure crop Sesbania cannabina Poir (Dhaincha) in different Planting Density Stress, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(9), 48-53(2013) @No $ @ @ Chiba Y., Architectural analysis of relationship between biomass and basal area based on pipe model theory, Ecol. Model., 108 (1-3), 219-225(1998) @No $ @ @ Dangwal L.R. and Singh T., Comparative Vegetational Analysis and Pinus roxburghii Sarg regeneration in relation to their disturbances in some Chirpine forest of block Nowshera, district Rajouri, J and K, India, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 1(1), 47-54 (2012) @No $ @ @ Makino A. and Osmond B., Effects of nitrogen nutrition on nitrogen partitioning between chloroplasts and mitochondria in pea and wheat. Plant Physiol.,96, 355-362 (1991) @No $ @ @ Aranda I., PardosM., PuertolasJ., JimenezM.D.and Pardos J.A. Water use efficiency in cork oak (Quercus suber) is modified by the interaction of water and light availabilities. Tree Physiol.,27, 671-677 (2007) @No $ @ @ Evans J.R., Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C plants. Oecologia78, 9-19(1989) @No $ @ @ Rai, S.N. and Proctor, J., Ecological studies on four forests in Karnataka, India. Environment, structure, floristics and Biomass.J. Ecol.,74, 439–454(1986) @No $ @ @ Forrester D.I.,Mixed-species plantations of nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing trees. Ph.D. Dissertation. Australian National University (2004) @No $ @ @ Sundarapandian S.M. and Swamy P.S., Litter production and leaf-litter decomposition of selected tree species in tropical forests at Kodayar in the Western Ghats, India. Forest Ecol. Manag., 123, 231-244. (1999) @No $ @ @ Suryavanshi P., Babu S. and Baghel J.K., Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and their Mitigation Strategies for Food Security in Agriculture: A Review. Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 1(3), 72-77(2012) @No $ @ @ Turner J. and Lambert M.J., Nutrient cycling in age sequences of two Eucalyptus plantation species. Forest Ecol. Manag., 255, 1701–1712 (2008) @No $ @ @ Jandle R., Neumann M. and Eckmüllner O., Productivity increase in Northern Austria Norway spruce forests due to changes in nitrogen cycling and climate. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sc.,170 (1), 157-165(2007) @No $ @ @ Liu S. Effects of seabuckthorn on tree growth and biomass production of poplar plantations in a sub-humid-arid area of China. Acta Phytoecol. Sin.24 (2), 169-174(2000) @No $ @ @ Domingues T.F., Meir P., Lloyd J., Grace J. and Ishida F.Y.,Unravelling the role of leaf nitrogen and phosphorus over photosynthetic capacity. 23rd New Phytologist Symposium. Carbon Cycling in Tropical Ecosystems. Yanling Hotel, Guangzhou, China 17–20 November (2009) @No $ @ @ Medlyn B.E., Dreyer E., Ellsworth D., Forstreuter M., Harley P.C., Kirschbaum M.U.F., Le Roux X., Montpied P., Strassemeyer J., Walcroft A., Wang K. and Loustau D. Temperature Response of parameters of a biochemically based model of photosynthesis. II. A review of experimental data. Plant Cell Environ.,25,1167-1179(2002) @No $ @ @ Wullschleger S.D., Biochemical limitations to carbon assimilation in C plants—a retrospective analysis of the A/Ccurves from 109 species. J. Exp. Bot.,44, 907–920(1993) @No $ @ @ Manter D.K. and Kerrigan J., A/C curve analysis across a range of woody plant species: influence of regression analysis parameters and mesophyll conductance. J. Exp. Bot., 55(408), 2581–2588 (2004) @No $ @ @ Farquhar G. and Sharkey T., Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Ann. Rev. Plant Physio., 33, 317-345(1982) @No 
<#LINE#>Histopathology and Morphometry of Brain and Seminiferous Tubules of Male Albino Mice (Mus musculus) Treated with Female Hormonal Contraceptive Pills<#LINE#>A.B.@Bañares,E.V.@Totaan<#LINE#>83-89<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-030.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Naturals Sciences, Institute of Arts and Sciences, Pampanga State Agricultural University, Magalang, Pampanga, PHILIPPINES<#LINE#>29/1/2014<#LINE#>18/3/2014<#LINE#>Female hormonal contraceptive pills (Ethinyl estradiol levonorgestrel) are used to prevent pregnancy in women. However, it is also being used by the male homosexuals for them to develop female secondary sexual characteristics. There is a paucity of studies in the effect of female birth control pills on the histology and morphometry of their brain and testes, as well as on their behavior and physical changes, thus, this study was undertaken to determine the effects of these pills on  male albino mice (Mus musculus, L.). As regards behavior and physical changes in male mice, restlessness, irritability, hair loss in their body and increased body weight were observed in mice treated with the contraceptive pills. However, mice with over dosed pills exhibited slow growth and development. Histological alterations in brain of male albino mouse were observed, such as increase in microscopic holes, vacuolated neurons, necrosis, increase incidence of shrunken eosinophilic neurons with either pyknotic or karyorrhectic nuclei, number of neuron swelling and vacuolation and gradual decrease in the number of healthy neurons as the dose of pills increased. Likewise, histological changes in testicular tissue were also observed such as decrease in the normal architecture and abnormal distance of seminiferous tubules, a number of large spermatogonia, increase in number of necrotic cells, disintegration and atrophy of seminiferous tubules with widening of lumen and reduction of germ cell and somatic cell population, hyperplasia, and increase in the diameter of lumen. Cell counts in selected seminiferous tubules also decreased, such as, in the number of spermatocytes, spermatids and sertoli cells, however, there is no significant difference among the treatment groups with respect to the number of spermatogonia. An incidence of necrosis or cell death in the seminiferous tubules increased as the dose of pills increased, however, there is a decreased in length and diameter of seminiferous tubules as the dosage of pills increased.  The study will provide information on the male communities with regards the effects of contraceptive pills on the brain and testis of an individual. <#LINE#> @ @ Johnson R.E. and Hassan M.M., Gynecomastia: Pathophysiology, Evaluation and Management, Mayo Clin Proc., 84, 1010–1015 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ankur M., Misro M.M., Aggarwal A. and Sharma R.K., acetyl--cysteine modulates multiple signaling pathways to rescue male germ cells from apoptosis induced by chronic hCG administration to rats, Apoptosis,17(6),551-565 (2012) @No $ @ @ Yamagiwa, Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals, IARC Monographs, 72, 201-219 (1994) @No $ @ @ Aydin M., Ayar A., Kislal FM., Demirol M., Kabakus N., Canatan H., Bulmus O., Ozerca R., Yilmaz B., Sen Y. and Yoldas T., The effects of lipopolysaccharide-induced endogenous heperthemia and differend antipyretic treatment modalities on rat brat, Bratisl Lek Listy, 112(5), 227-234 (2011) @No $ @ @ Yamamura T., Barker J., Balthazart J. and Ball G., Androgens and Estrogens Synergistically Regulate the Expression of Doublecortin and Enhance Neuronal Recruitment in the Song System of Adult Female Canaries, The Journal of Neuroscience,131(26), 9649–9657 (2011) @No $ @ @ Coimbra C., Boris-Moller F., Drake M. and Wieloch T., Diminished neuronal damage in the rat brain by late treatment with the antipyretic drug sipyrone or cooling following cerebral schemia, Acta Neuropathology,92, 447-453 (1996) @No $ @ @ Sarkar S., Hazra J., Upadhyay S., Singh R. and Chowdhyry A., Arsenic induced toxicity on testicular tissue of mice, Indian Journal of Physiol Pharmacol,52(1), 84-90 (2008) @No $ @ @ Perkins, C., Holistic Health Counselor and Sobriety Coach (2011) @No $ @ @ Natale J., Cheng Y. and Martin L., Thalamic neuron apoptosis emerges rapidly after cortical damage in immature mice, Journal of Neuroscience,112(3), 665-676 (2002) @No $ @ @ Garman, R. H., Histology of the Central Nervous System. Journal of Toxicologic Pathology,39(1), 22-35 (2011) @No $ @ @ Conti, C., Gimenez-Conti J., Benavides, F., Frijhoff, w., Conti, M., Atlas of Laboratory Mouse Histology, ACLAM, American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine (2004) @No $ @ @ Jabbour, Serge A., Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Abnormaliies, Medscape Reference (2012) @No $ @ @ Walker, W., Non-Classocal actions of testerone and spermatogenesis. Philisophical Transaction, The Royal Society 365 (1546), 1557-1569 (2010) @No $ @ @ Smith, S., Male Hormonal Imbalances (2012) @No $ @ @ Shaban S., Male Infertility Overview (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Dermatoglyphic Patterns of Acute Leukemia Patients<#LINE#>R.@Rathee,N.@Kamal,A.@Kumar,M.@Vashist,R.@Yadav<#LINE#>90-93<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-031.pdf<#LINE#>Deptt. of Genetics, M.D. University, Rohtak, Haryana, INDIA @ Deptt. of Zoology, CRA College, Sonepat, Haryana, INDIA<#LINE#>31/1/2014<#LINE#>15/3/2014<#LINE#>Dermatoglyphics is the study of patterns formed by epidermal ridges on fingers, palms and soles. The emerging association between certain combinations of dermatoglyphic traits and specific chromosome aberrations quickly established a useful diagnostic and an integral part of the medical diagnostic. The dermatoglyphic features of 176 patients with acute leukemia were compared with those of normal control subjects. Prints of digits and palm were taken by black inkpad method. Arch, loop and whorl pattern and atd angle was calculated in both patients of acute leukemia and control group. Palmer creases were noted as normal, simian and sydney creases. Male patients with leukemia have a higher frequency of digital whorls than male control group. Leukemia patients have more sydney palmar flexion creases than normal control subjects. The association of leukemia to distinctive dermatoglyphic features may represent another prenatal characteristic that may contribute to the understanding of risk factors for leukemia. <#LINE#> @ @ Purvis-Smith S.G. and Menser M.A., Dermatoglyphic defects in children with leukemia, Lancet,1(7605), 1076-78 (1969) @No $ @ @ Uchida I.A. and Soltan H.C., Evaluation of dermatoglyphics in medical genetics, Pediat. Clin. N. Amer.,10, 409-11 (1963) @No $ @ @ Purvis-Smith S.G. and Menser M.A., Dermatoglyphics in children with acute leukemia, Br. Med. J., 4, 646-48 (1973) @No $ @ @ Kumar A., Vashist M.,Rathee R. and Neelkamal,Dermatoglyphics in children of acute lymphocytic leukemia from Haryana, Int. J. Biotech. Biosc.,4, 272-75 (2012) @No $ @ @ Gunz F.W. and Veale A.M.O., Leukemia in close relative-accident or predisposition? J. Natl. Cancer Inst.,42, 517-18 (1969) @No $ @ @ Oorthuys A.M., De Van D.A.M., Behrenndt H. and Greets H.J., Palmer flexation crease in chilhood neoplaia, Cancer,43(2), 749-59 (1979) @No $ @ @ Smith G.F., Marriassa B.M., and Riddler M.A.C., Dermal patterns on the Fingers and toes in mongolism, J. Ment. Defic. Res., 10(2), 105-15 (1966) @No $ @ @ Kanchan T. and Chattopadhyay S., Distribution of fingerprint patterns among medical students, J. Ind. Acad. Forensic Med.28, 65-68 (2006) @No $ @ @ Wertelecki W., Plato C.C., Fraumeni J.F. and Niswander J.D., Dermatoglyphics in leukemia, Pediatr. Res., 7(7), 62026 (1973) @No $ @ @ Rott H., Schwanitz G. and Reither M., Dermatoglyphics in Noonan's syndrome (author's transl), Acta. Genet. Med. Gemellol.,24(1), 63-67 (1975) @No $ @ @ Reed T., Reichmann A. and Palmer C., Dermatoglyphicdifferences between 45, X and other chromosomal abnormalities of Turner syndrome, Hum. Genet., 36(1), 13-23 (1977) @No $ @ @ Verbow J.L., Dermatoglyphic in leukemia, J. Med. Genet.,7, 125-131 (1970) @No $ @ @ Menser M. and Purvis-Smith S.G., Dermatoglyphics defects in children with acute leukemia, Lancet,1, 956- (1972) @No $ @ @ Rosner F., Dermatoglyphics of leukemic children, Lancet,2, 272-73 (1969) @No 
<#LINE#>Indigenous Ornamental Fish Faunal Diversity in Paschim Medinipur,West Bengal, India<#LINE#>Bidisha@Paul,Angsuman@Chanda<#LINE#>94-100<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-101.pdf<#LINE#>PG Department of Zoology, Raja N.L. Khan Women’s College, Midnapur, Paschim Medinipur, Westbengal, INDIA<#LINE#>25/4/2014<#LINE#>10/5/2014<#LINE#>Ornamental fishes are very sweet in their colour, peculiar and playful behaviour for which they are called ‘living jewels’. At present ornamental fish industry is growing rapidly. India has a good resource of natural ornamental fishes. West Bengal is also a wide repository of indigenous ornamental freshwater as well as marine water fish resources having both commercial as well as biological important. Paschim Medinipur is a districts where there is no marine zone. Therefore, it represents only it’s freshwater indigenous fish resources. In the present study, different rivers and water bodies of Paschim Medinipur have been surveyed thoroughly for natural indigenous ornamental fish diversity. A total number of 48 indigenous ornamental freshwater species belonging to 32 genera, 18 families and 7 order were collected and identified according to the existing literature, during the survey period. Among all the collected specimens family Cyprinidae shows maximum number of species followed by Bagridae and Ambassidae .Present study shows that a good number of ornamental icthyofauna are under IUCN category and needed to be conserved. <#LINE#> @ @ Mills M., An overview of ornamental fishes- Fresh and Marine water, Tomey W.A. (Ed), International Seminar of Ornamental Fishes, 25 July1990, Abstract, 36 (1990) @No $ @ @ Tissera K., Global trade in ornamental fishes- 1998 to 2007, International Aquashow 12-14 February, Cochin, Kerala, India (2010) @No $ @ @ Manab Kumar Saha and Bidhan C. Patra, Customers Preference for Aquarium Keeping: Market survey, Special Emphasis on Indigenous Ornamental Fishes in four District  of West Bengal, India, Res. J. Recent Sci.,2(12), 43-53 (2013) @No $ @ @  Winfield I.J. and J.S. Nelson, Cyprinid fishes. Systematics, biology and exploitation, Chapman and Hall, London (1991) @No $ @ @ Radhakrishnan K.V., Kurup B.M., Murphy B.R. and Xie S.G., Status of alin fish species in the Western Ghat (India) as revealed from 2000-2004 surveys and literature analyses, Journal of Applied Icthyology, (2012) @No $ @ @ Kumar S.T., Charan G.B. and Kumar S.S., Review of the Research on the Fish Diversity in the River Mahanadi and Identifying the Probable Potential Ornamental Fishes among them with reference to Threats and Conservation Measures, Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences,1(3), 16-24 (2013) @No $ @ @ Goswami U.C., Basistha S.K., Bora D., Shyamkumar K., Saikia B. and Changsan K., Fish diversity of North East India, inclusive of the Himalayan and Indo Burma biodiversity hotspots zones: A Checklist on their taxonomic status, economic importance, geographical distribution, present status and prevailing threats, International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation,4(15), 592-613 (2012) @No $ @ @ Barbhuiya Anjam Hussain,Mahseer Fishes of River Barak, Jatinga, Dholeswari and Ganol in North East India, Res. J. Recent Sci.,(ISC-2011), 7-16 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shinde Deepak and Ningwal Uday Singh, The Relationship between Physico-chemical Characteristics and Fish Production of Mod sagar Reservoir of Jhabua District, MP, India, Res. J. Recent Sci.,3(ISC-2013), 82-86 (2014) @No $ @ @ Karpagam B. and Krishnaveni N., Effect of Supplementation of Selected Plant Leaves as Growth Promoters of Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis Mossambicus), Res. J. Recent Sci., 3(ISC-2013), 120-123 (2014) @No $ @ @ VDeivamarudachalam Teepica Priya Darsini, Vellingiri Maheshu, Ponnuraj Srinivasan, Jaganathan Dinesh Babu, J Castro and Jagathala Mahalingam Sasikumar, Growth efficacy and Feed utilization of fresh water Fishes Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) and Cyprinus carpio L. fed with Limonia acidissima L., Res. J. Recent Sci.,3(ISC-2013),  127-131 (2014) @No $ @ @ Choubey K. and Qureshi Y., Study of Ichthyofaunal Biodiversity of Rajnandgaon town, CG, India, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,2(2), 21-24 (2013) @No $ @ @ Emma L. Dorado, Mark Anthony J. Torres and Cesar G. Demayo, Describing body shapes of the white goby, Glossogobius giuris of Lake Buluan in Mindanao, Philippines using landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 1(7), 33-37 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bhalerao S.N., Study of Fish Diversity and Water Quality at Kasar Sai Dam, Hinjewadi, Pune, MS, India,  Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,1(4), 51-55 (2012) @No $ @ @ Anandhi Usha D. and Sharath Y.G., Ornamental Fish Fauna of Adda Hole: Kabbinale Forest Range, Southern Western Ghats, Karnataka, India, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,2(11), 60-64 (2013) @No $ @ @ Tamboli R.K. and Jha Y.N., Status of Cat Fish Diversity of River Kelo and Mand in Raigarh District, CG, India,Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,1(1),71-73 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sarkar U.K. and Lakra W.S., Small indigenous freshwater fish species of India: Significance, conservation and utilisation, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Aquaculture Asia Magazine, XV(3), 34-35 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mukherjee M., Datta S. and Datta A. The present status of ornamental fish industry in  West Bengal – Its natural resource and  marketing, Office of the Deputy Director of fisheries (MandP), Govt. of West Bengal, Captain Bhery, E.M.Bypass, Kolkata – 700 039, India,  VII( 2), 8-11 (2002) @No $ @ @ Saha M.K. and Patra B.C., Present Status of Icthyofaunal Diversity of Damodar River at Burdwan District, West Bengal, India; International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(6), 1-11 (2013) @No $ @ @ Panigrahi A.K., Dutta S. and Ghosh I., Selective study on the availability of Indigenous fish with ornamental value in some district of West Bengal, Sustainable Aquaculture Asia, XIV(4), 13-15 (2009) @No $ @ @ Basu A., Dutta D. and Banerjee S., Indigenous ornamental fishes of west Bengal, Aquaculture Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India, Recent Research in Science and Technology, 4(11), 12-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Talwar P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, Inland Fishes of India and adjacent countries, Vol. 1 and 2. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi (1991) @No $ @ @ Jayaram K.C., The Freshwater Fishes of the Indian Region. Delhi, Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi, India (1999) @No $ @ @ Jayaram K.C. The Freshwater Fishes of the Indian Region (Revised second edition), Delhi, Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi, India (2010) @No $ @ @ www.fishbase.org(2014) @No $ @ @ 26.IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Downloaded in June 2012. Ref. No. 90363 (2012) @No