@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Prevalence of Mercury-Resistant and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria found in Dental Amalgam<#LINE#>Pundogar,D.@SittieRohana,Bautista,R.@Jing,Teves,G.@Franco<#LINE#>1-4<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-126.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, PHILIPPINES<#LINE#>25/5/2013<#LINE#>27/12/2013<#LINE#>Mercury and antibiotic resistance has long been a subject of interest in microbiology that a vast of literature consisting of studies that looked at its genetics and molecular mechanisms. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Mercury-resistant and antibiotic resistant bacteria and determine the Hg-resistant isolates were also antibiotic resistant. Twenty four bacterial isolates (54% Gram-negative and 46% Gram-positive) from saliva samples with amalgam fillings were screened for Mercury and resistance by cultivation in an HgCl-containing medium. Surviving organisms were identified using the conventional method of identification and susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. All of the twenty four isolates were able to grow in Mercury-containing medium and were considered as Hg-resistant bacteria. The rate of susceptibility of the bacterial isolates against the antibacterial disk showed high mean percentage in each antibiotic disk, showing that there is a growing trend of susceptibility to antibiotic which might result to antibiotic resistance. The result of the study showed that Mercury-resistant and antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be isolated from the oral saliva samples of the amalgam filled individual. This is a matter of interest for science and medicine since more and more bacterial species acquire genes that confer them resistance and presents new challenges for treating the associated conditions it cause and in eliminating the bacteria themselves.  <#LINE#> @ @ Koral S.M., The Scientific Case Against Amalgam, International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology,(2002) @No $ @ @ Green Facts Organization, Tooth filling materials: Dental Amalgams and Alternative Materials, Scenihr/Scher Source Documents(2008) @No $ @ @ Mutter J., Is Dental Amalgam Safe for Humans? The opinion of the scientific committee of the European Commission, Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology,, 2 (2011) @No $ @ @ Havarinasab S. and Hultman P., Organic mercury compounds and autoimmunity, Autoimmunity Rev., 4, 270-5 (2005) @No $ @ @ Scenihr, The safety of dental amalgam and alternative dental restoration materials for patients and users: Preliminary Report. Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks Plenary, Available on http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/risk_en.htm (2007) @No $ @ @ Liebert C.A., Wireman J., Smith T. and Summers A.O., The Impact of mercury released from dental “silver” fillings on antibiotic resistances in the primate oral and intestinal bacterial flora, Met. Ions Biol Syst., 34, 441-460 (1997) @No $ @ @ Lorscheider F.L., Vimy M.U., Summers A.O. and Zwiers H., The dental amalgam mercury controversy-inorganic mercury and the CNS; genetic linkage of mercury and antibiotic resistances in intestinal bacteria, Toxicology,97, 12-22 (1995) @No $ @ @ Summers A.O., Wireman J., Vimy M.U., Lorscheider F.L., Marshall B. and Levy S.B., Mercury released from dental “silver” fillings provokes an increase in mercury-and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in oral and intestinal floras of primates, Antimicrob Agents Chemother., 37, 825-834 (1993) @No $ @ @ Davis U., Roberts A.P., Ready D., Richards H, Wilson, M, Mullany P. Linkage of a novel mercury resistance operon with streptomycin resistance on a conjugative plasmid Enterococcus faedium,Plasmid,54, 26-38 (2005) @No $ @ @ Skumik D., Ruimy R., Ready D., Ruppe E., Bemede-Bauduin C., Djossou F., Guillemot D., Pier G.B., Andremont A. Is exposure to mercury driving force for the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes? Journal Med Microbiol., 59, 804-807 (2010) @No $ @ @ Radha K., Mahima R., Ramanathan G., and Thangapandian V. Survey on Drug Resistant Pattern of Clinical Isolates and Effect of Plant Extract on the Drug Resistant Pattern, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(3), 14-19 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nakade D.B., Antibiotic sensitivity of common Bacterial Pathogens against selected Quinolones, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences,1(1), 77-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sotero-Martins A., de Jesus M.S., Lacerda M, Moreira J.C., Filguerias A.L.L., and Barrocas P.R.G. A conservative region of the Mercuric Reductase Gene (MERA) as a Molecular Marker of Bacterial Mercury Resistance, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology,39, 307-310 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bass L., Liebert C.A., Lee M.D., Summers A.O., White D.G., Thayer S.G., and Maurer J.J. Incidence and Characterization of Integrons, Genetic Elements, Mediating Multiple-Drug Resistance, in Avian Escherichia coli,Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,43, 2925-2929 (1999) @No $ @ @ Essa A.M.M., Julian D.J., Kidd S.P., Brown N.L., and Hobman J.L. Mercury Resistance Determinants Relatedd to Tn21, Tn1696, and Tn5053 in Enterobacteria from the Preantibiotic Era, Antimicrobial Agents Chemother,47, 1115-1119 (2003) @No 
<#LINE#>Evaluation of low Level Laser and Autogenous Platelet-Rich –Plasma (PRP) in Repair of experimental Stifle articular Cartilage defect in Rabbits<#LINE#>Valiei@Kambiz,Sharifi@Davood,Gholamreza@AbediCham,Hesaraki@Saeed<#LINE#>5-10<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-206.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research  Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN @ Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN @ Department of Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>9/8/2013<#LINE#>21/10/2013<#LINE#>The objective of this study was to evaluate the direct effects of low level laser following intra articular PRP injection for repair of distal femoral cartilage defect. The experiment was conducted on 25 male adult New Zealand white rabbits. Under general anesthesia, using a dental drill, a whole 4 milimeter in diameter and 1.5 milimeter in depth was made in the inner aspect of the medial condyle of femoral bone in each rabbit. The rabbits were admeasured into 5 groups of 5 rabbits each. The first group, considered a normal group, whereas the second group, distilled water injected. In third group, the created hole was filled with autologous PRP (1 ml intra-articular) for three times with one week interval. In the fourth group, the defect area was subjected to low level laser therapeutic regimen of low level laser irradiation with (P= 100 mW, WL= 650 nm, A = 1 J cm, T= 1 minute) for 15 days. Whereas in the fifth group, the area was immediately subjected to therapeutic regimen of low level Laser irradiation for 15 days with 1 ml intra-articular administration of PRP extracted from ear vein blood triple times with one week interval duration. The sample from cartilage defected and treated area was evaluated histopathologically at the end of the two months and was assessed histomorphometrically too. Histopathology evaluation of defects was performed with H&E and Trichrome staining. The findings demonstrated that intra-articular injection of PRP and even laser alone provides suitable ground for lying ground substance at the cartilage defect area. The defects were filled with smooth, shiny white tissue macroscopically at two months after triple PRP administration along with laser irradiation. Despite much connective tissue formed in defect area, in control group there was no evidence of chondrocytes in this group, whereas there was trace of chondrocytes in defects area in group III, IV and group V were almost completely filled with hyaline cartilage; but it seems to need more time to fill the defect perfectly in other three groups. The results indicated there is positive possibility for partial resurfacing of cartilage defect using PRP along with laser. <#LINE#> @ @ Foster T.E., Puskas B.L. Mandelbaum B.R. and et al., Platelet-rich plasma: From basic science to clinical applications, Am. J. Sports. Med,37, 2259-2272 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mousavi G.h., Mohajeri D. Mirzaie H. and Kafash Elahi R.,  Evaluation of platelet-rich plasma effects on femoral cancellous bone defect healing in rabbit, J. Kashan Uni. Med. Sci, 14, 83-91 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lueng Gimeno F., Gatto S. Ferro J. Croxatto J.O. and Gallo J.E., Preparation of platelet-rich plasma as a tissue adhesive for experimental transplantation in rabbits, Thrombosis J, ,18  (2006 ) @No $ @ @ Arnoczky S.P., and Caballero O., Platelet-rich plasma to augment connective tissue healing: Making sense of it all, J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg,18, 444-445 (2010) @No $ @ @ Nesic D., Whiteside R. Brittberg M. Wendt D. Martin I. and Maini-Varlet P., Cartilage tissue engineering for degenerative joint disease, Adv. Drug Delivery Rev,58, 300-322 (2006) @No $ @ @ Jacobsson S.A., Djerf K. and Wahlstrom O., Twenty-year results of McKee-Farrar versus Charnley prosthesis, Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res,329, 60–8 (1996) @No $ @ @ Arnoczky S.P., Delos D. and Rodeo S.A., What Is platelet-rich plasma, Oper. Tech. Sports Med,  19, 142-148 (2011) @No $ @ @ Saw K.Y., Hussin P. Loke S.C. AzamM. Chen H.C . and et al., Articular Cartilage Regeneration With Autologous Marrow Aspirate and Hyaluronic Acid: An Experimental Study In a Goat Model, Arthroscopy, The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery,2512), 1391-1400 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mei-Dan O., and Carmont M.R., Novel Applications of platelet-rich plasma technology in musculoskeletal medicine and surgery, Oper. Tech. Orthop,22, 56-63 (2012) @No $ @ @ Barrack R.L., Early failure of modern cemented stems, J. Arthroplasty,15), 1036–50 (2000) @No $ @ @ Li X., Jin L. Balian G. Laurencin C.T. and Anderson D.G., Demineralized bone matrix gelatin as scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering, Biomaterials, 27, 2426–33 (2006) @No $ @ @ Jackson D.W.S.T., Tissue engineering principles in orthopaedic surgery, Clin. Orthop,367, 31–45 (1999) @No $ @ @ Lopez-Vidriero E., Goulding K.A. Simon D.A. and et al., The use of platelet rich plasma in arthroscopy and sports medicine: Optimizing the healing environment, Arthroscopy,26, 269-278 (2010) @No $ @ @ Marx R.E., Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): What is PRP and what is not PRP?, Implants Dental,10, 225-228 (2001) @No $ @ @ Hunziker E.B., Articular cartilage repair: basic science and clinical progress. A review of the current status and prospects. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 10), 432–63 (2002) @No $ @ @ Hunziker E.B., Articular cartilage repair: are the intrinsic biological constraints undermining this process insuperable?, Osteoarthritis Cartilage, ), 15–28 (1999) @No $ @ @ Redman S.N., Oldfield S.F. and Archer C.W., Current strategies for articular cartilage repair, Eur. Cell.Mater, , 23–32 (2005) @No $ @ @ Zheng-Qiu G., Jiu-Mei X. and Xiang-Hong Z., The development of artificial articular cartilage - PVAhydrogel, Biomed. Mater. Engng,,75-8 (1998) @No $ @ @ Temenoff J.S., and Mikos A.G., Review: tissue engineering for regeneration of articular cartilage, Biomaterials, 21, 431-440 (2000) @No $ @ @ Lee C.R., Grodzinsky A.J. Hsu H.P. Martin S.D. and Spector M., Effects of harvest and selected cartilage repair procedures on the physical and biochemical properties of articular cartilage in the canine knee, J. Orthop. Res,18), 790–799 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kon E., Buda R. Filardo G. and et al., Platelet-rich plasma: intra-articular knee injections produced favorable results on degenerative cartilage lesions, KneeSurg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 18), 472-9 (2009) @No $ @ @ Spaková T., Rosocha J. Lacko M. and et al., Treatment of knee joint osteoarthritis with autologous platelet-rich plasma in comparison with hyaluronic acid. Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil,91), 411-7 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>In silico analyses of Rubisco Enzymes from different classes of Algae<#LINE#>P.Sheth@Bhavisha,VrindaS.@Thaker<#LINE#>11-17<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-240.pdf<#LINE#>The Virtual Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>21/9/2013<#LINE#>24/10/2013<#LINE#>Rubisco (Ribulose 1, 5 Bisphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase) is the most predominant enzyme of one of the few carbon assimilatory processes in nature i.e. Photosynthesis. The rbcL and rbcS genes code for the large and small subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) respectively. In this study the rbcL protein sequences selected from various classes of algae were phylogenetically analyzed. Expasy’s Prot-param server and Cys_rec tool were used for physico-chemical and functional characterization of these proteins. For comparative structural analysis, experimental structures (X-ray and NMR) of rubisco proteins of representative species of Rhodophyta (Galderia sp. PDBID 1IWA) and Chlorophyta (Chlamydomonas sp. 1GK8) were used. Also, as no experimental structure of rubisco from any member of phaeophyta group is available, homology modeling approach was employed in order to derive structure of the same from Lessonia vadosa, a representative species of phaeophyta group. The validity of the modeled protein was further checked by RAMPAGE, Procheck, WHATIF, Errat, and Verify-3d servers. Studies of secondary structure of these proteins were carried out by the SSCP server. The in silico analysis, confirmed the close correlation between the rhodophyte and the phaeophyte rubico proteins at the functional level due to similarity in adaptability of the enzyme. <#LINE#> @ @ Spreitzer R.J. and Salvucci M.E., Rubisco: structure, regulatory interactions, and possibilities for a better enzyme, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.53, 449–475 (2002) @No $ @ @ Tamura K., Peterson D., Peterson N., Stecher G., Nei M. and Kumar S., MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol. Biol. Evol., 28(10), 2731-2739 (2011) @No $ @ @ Wilkins M. R., Gasteiger E., Bairoch A., Sanchez J. C., Williams K. L., Appel R.D. and Hochstrasser D. F., Methods Mol. Biol.112, 531–552 (1999) @No $ @ @ Sugawara H., Yamamoto H., Shibata N., Inoue T., Okada S., Miyake C., Yokota A. and Kai Y., Crystal structure of carboxylase reaction-oriented ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from a thermophilic red alga, Galdieria partita J Biol Chem, 274,15655-61 (1999) @No $ @ @  Taylor T. C., Backlund A., Bjorhall K., Spreitzer R. J. and Andersson, I., First crystal structure of Rubisco from a green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biol Chem276(51), 48159-48164 (2001) @No $ @ @ Altschul S. F., Gish W., Miller W., Myers E. W. and Lipman, D. J., Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol., 215(3), 403-410 (1990) @No $ @ @ Lambert C., Léonard N., De Bolle X. and Depiereux E., ESyPred3D: Prediction of proteins 3D structures, Bioinformatics18(9), 1250-1256 (2002) @No $ @ @ Laskowski R. A., MacArthur, M. W., Moss, D. S. and Thornton J. M., PROCHECK: a program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures, J. Appl. Crystallogr., 26(2), 283-291 (1993) @No $ @ @ Lovell S.C., Davis I.W., Arendall W.B., de Bakker P.I., Word J.M., Prisant M.G., Richardson J.S. and Richardson D.C., Structure validation by Calpha geometry: phi, psi and Cbeta deviation, Proteins, 50, 437–450 (2003) @No $ @ @ Luthy R., Bowie J. U. and Eisenberg D. Assessment of protein models with three-dimensional profiles, Nature, 356(6364), 83-85 (1992) @No $ @ @ Vriend  G. WHAT IF: a molecular modeling and drug design program, J. Mol. Graphics, 8(1), 52-56 (1990) @No $ @ @ Colovos C. and Yeates T. O., Verification of protein structures: patterns of nonbonded atomic interactions, Protein Sci.,2(9), 1511-1519 (1993) @No $ @ @ Castrignanò T., De Meo P. D. O., Cozzetto D., Talamo I. G. and Tramontano A. The PMDB protein model database. Nucleic Acids Res.,34(1), D306-D309 (2006) @No $ @ @ Eisenhaber F., Imperiale F., Argos P. and Frömmel C., Prediction of secondary structural content of proteins from their amino acid composition alone. I. New analytic vector decomposition methods. Proteins: Struct. Func. Bioinformatics, 25(2), 157-168  (1996) @No $ @ @ Maiti R., Van Domselaar G. H., Zhang H. and Wishart D. S., SuperPose: a simple server for sophisticated structural superposition, Nucleic Acids Res.,32(2), W590-W594 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sheth B.P. and Thaker V.S. rbcL: a key to C value paradox in plants, Plant Arch., 12(2), 915-919 (2012) @No $ @ @ Guruprasad K., Reddy B. B. and Pandit M. W., Correlation between stability of a protein and its dipeptide composition: a novel approach for predicting in vivo stability of a protein from its primary sequence, Protein Eng.,4(2), 155-161 (1990) @No $ @ @ Atsushi Ikai., Thermostability and aliphatic index of globular proteins, J. Biochem. 88(6), 1895-1898 (1980) @No $ @ @ Kyte J. and Doolittle R. F., A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein. J. Mol. Biol., 157(1), 105-132 (1982) @No $ @ @ Wang M., Kapralov M. and Anisimova M. Coevolution of amino acid residues in the key photosynthetic enzyme Rubisco. BMC Evol. Biol., 11(1), 266 (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Acute Toxicity of deltamethrin and permethrin and their Sublethal effects on Growth and Feeding in Anabas testudineus<#LINE#>SapanaDevi@Maisnam,Abhik@Gupta<#LINE#>18-22<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-260.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>22/10/2013<#LINE#>8/12/2013<#LINE#>The 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values of the synthetic pyrethroid insecticides deltamethrin and permethrin for the climbing perch Anabas testudineus were 0.11, 0.09, 0.08, and 0.07 mg l-1, and 2.07, 1.41, 1.02, and 0.93 mg l-1, respectively. Although deltamethrin was more toxic than permethrin, the 24-96 h LC50 pattern of the latter displayed a steeper slope that predicted increase in its toxicity on longer exposure. The fish was also exposed to sublethal concentrations of 1% and 10 % of the 96 h LC50 of the two pesticides for 11 weeks. The sublethal exposure of the two pesticides affected food consumption significantly thereby resulting in inhibition of growth. <#LINE#> @ @ Rajiv P., Hasna A.S., Kamaraj M., Rajeshwari S. and Sankar A., Physico chemical and microbial analysis of different river waters in western Tamil Nadu, India, I. Res. J.Environment Sci., 1(1), 2-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nwajei G.E., Obi-Iyeke G.E. and Okwagi P., Distribution of selected trace metal in fish parts from river Nigeria, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(1), 81-84 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mushini V.S.R., Vaddi D.R. and Bethapudi S.A.A., Assessment of quality of drinking water at Srikurmam in Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, India, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(2), 13-20 (2012) @No $ @ @ Magar R.S. and Bias U.E., Histopathological impact of malathion on the ovary of the fresh water fish Channapunctatus, I. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(3), 59-61 (2013) @No $ @ @ Tamboli A.M., Bhosale P.R., Chonde S.G., Ghosh J.S. and Raut P.D., Effect of endosulfan on indole acetic acidand gibberellin secretion by Azospirillum SPP NCIM-2548 and Azotobacter SPP NCIM-2452, I.Res.J.Environment Sci., 1(3), 1-4 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vijverberg H.P.M. and Bercken V.D.J., Neurological effects and the mode of action of pyrethroid insecticides, Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 21, 105-126 (1990) @No $ @ @ Baer S., Erkoç F., Selvi M. and Koçak O., Investigation of acute toxicity of permethrin on guppies Poeciliareticulata, Chemosphere, 51(6), 469-474 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ural M.. and Salam N., A study on the acute toxicity of pyrethroiddeltamethrin on the fry rainbow trout Oncorhynchusmykiss Walbaum, 1792), Pestic. Biochem. Phys., 83, 124-131 (2005) @No $ @ @ Cao Z., Shafer T.J. and Murray T.F., Mechanisms of pyrethroid insecticide-induced stimulation of calcium influx in neocortical neurons, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 336(1), 197-205 (2011) @No $ @ @ Venkataramana G.V., Sandhya Rani P.N. and Murthy P.S., Impact of malathion on the biochemical parameters of gobiid fish, Glossogobiusgiuris (Ham), J. Environ. Biol., 27, 119-122 (2006) @No $ @ @ Singh S.K., Singh S.K. and Yadav R.P., Toxicological and biochemical alterations of cypermethrin (synthetic pyrethroids) against freshwater teleost fish Colisafasciatusat different season, World J. Zool., , 25-32 (2010) @No $ @ @ De Boeck G., De Smet H. and Blust R., The effect of sublethal levels of copper on oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion in the common carp, Cyprinuscarpio, Aquat.Toxicol., 32(2), 127-141 (1995) @No $ @ @ Rosas C., Cuzon G., Gaxiola G., Priol Y.L., Pascual C., Rossignyol J., Contreras F., Sanchex A. and Wormhoudt A.V., Metabolism and growth of juveniles of Litopenaeusvannamei: effect of salinity and dietary carbohydrate levels, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 259, 1-22 (2001) @No $ @ @ Benimeli C.S., Amoroso M.J., Chaile A.P. and Castro G.R., Isolation of four aquatic streptomycetes strain capable of growth on organocholorine pesticides, Bioresource Technol., 89, 113-138 (2003) @No $ @ @ Huang D.J. and Chen H.C., Oxygen consumption, ammonia-N excretion, and growth rate in juvenile green-neon shrimp (Neocaridinadenticulata) exposed to chlordane and lindane, Acta Zool. Taiwan, 14(2), 65-76 (2004) @No $ @ @ Pal M., Chaudhry S., Anabastestudineus, In: IUCN 2012. IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2012.2. www.iucnredlist.org, 2010; Downloaded on 18October 2013 @No $ @ @ Finney D.J., Probit analysis, 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press, London, 333 (1971) @No $ @ @ Zitko V., McLeese D.W., Metcalfe C.D. and Carson W.G., Toxicity of permethrin, deltamethrin, and related pyrethroids to salmon and lobster, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 21, 338-343 (1979) @No $ @ @ Flannigan S.A., Tucker S.B., Key M.M., Ross C.E., Fairchild II, E.J., Grimes, B.A. andHarrist, R.B., Synthetic pyrethroid insecticides: a dermatological evaluation, Br. J. Ind. Med., 42, 363-372 (1985) @No $ @ @ Viran R., UnlüErkoç F., Polat H. and Koçak O., Investigation of acute toxicity of deltamethrin on guppies Poeciliareticulata), Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 55(1), 82-85 (2003) @No $ @ @ Köprücü S.., Köprücü K. and Ural M.S., Acute Toxicity of the Synthetic Pyrethroid Deltamethrin to Fingerling European Catfish, Silurusglanis, L.Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 76, 59-65 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mestres R. and Mestres G., Deltamethrin: uses and environmental safety, Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 124, 1-18 (1992) @No $ @ @ El-Sayed Y.S., Saad T.T. and El-Bahr S.M., Acute intoxication of deltamethrin in monosex Nile tilapia, Oreochromisniloticus with special reference to the clinical, biochemical and haematological effects, Environ. Toxicol. Phar., 24(3), 212-217 (2007) @No $ @ @ Johnson W.W. and Finley M.T., Handbook of acute toxicity of chemicals to fish and aquatic invertebrates, Resource Publication, US fish and wildlife service (1980) @No $ @ @ Kumaraguru A.K. and Beamish F.W.H., Lethal toxicity of permethrin (NRDC-143) to rainbow trout, Salmogairdneri, in relation to body weight and water temperature, Water Res., 15(4), 503-505 (1981) @No $ @ @ Bonita L.B., Toxicology of the nervous system. In: A textbook of modern toxicology, 3rdedn, Hodgson, E., Ed.; John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New Jersey, USA, 279-297 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ram R.N., Singh I.J. and Singh D.V., Carbofuran induced impairment in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal-gonadal complex in the teleost, Channapunctatus (Bloch), J. Environ. Biol., 22(3), 193-200 (2001) @No $ @ @ Schimmel S.C., Garnas R.L., Patrick J.M. Jr. and Moore J.C., Acute toxicity, bioconcentration, and persistence of AC 222,705, benthiocarb, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, methyl parathion, and permethrin in the estuarine environment, J. Agric. Food Chem., 31, 104-113 (1983) @No $ @ @ Haya K., Toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides to fish, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., , 381-391 (1989) @No $ @ @ Tanner D.K. and Knuth M.L., Effects of esfenvalerate on the reproductive success of the bluegill sunfish, Lepomismacrochirus in littoral enclosures, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 31, 244-251(1996) @No $ @ @ Barry M.J., Logan D.C., Ahokas J.T. and Holdway D.A., Effects of esfenvalerate pulse-exposure on the survival and growth of larval Australian crimson-spotted rainbow fish Melanotaeniafluviatillis),  Environ. Toxic. Water., 10, 267-274 (1995) @No 
<#LINE#>Larvicidal Activity of Selected Plant Extracts against the Dengue vector Aedes aegypti Mosquito<#LINE#>Gutierrez@PedroM.,Jr.@Antepuesto,Aubrey@N.,Eugenio@BryleAdrianL.,Santos@MariaFleurelleiL.<#LINE#>23-32<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-274.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences Cebu Normal University, Osmeña Boulevard, Cebu City, PHILIPPINES Misamis Occidental National High School, Oroquieta City, PHILIPPINES <#LINE#>30/10/2013<#LINE#>9/12/2013<#LINE#>The larvicidal effects of  leaf and stem/bark extracts of Jatropha curcas, Citrus grandis and Tinospora rumphii  were tested on  the larvae of the dengue-vector, Aedes aegypti.  Phytochemical screening of the  extracts was conducted  to  determine   the  active  toxic compounds. Various concentrations (20 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL and 60 mg/mL) of the  plant extracts were tested against third instar larvae of A. aegypti.  Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids in  the leaf and bark extracts of Jatropha curcas  while  the leaf  and bark/stem  extracts of Citrus grandis and Tinospora rumphii are rich in alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and steroids. These  compounds  are known  to possess insecticidal and larvicidal properties causing  the mortality  of insects and other pests. All plant  extracts  showed significant  larvicidal  activity against A. aegypti mosquito larvae at 0.05 level of significance.  Tinospora rumphii  leaf extract is the  most effective mosquito larvicide which is manifested by the highest  percentage mortality on the  larvae  of 90% and 93%  after 24 and 48 hours  respectively; with an  LC50 and LC90 values  of 10 mg/mL and 46 mg/mL  respectively after 48 hours of exposure. Citrus grandis bark and Tinospora rumphii stem extracts  showed a significant  difference on the increased of the mortality  of mosquito larvae  with  increasing  concentrations  of the plant extracts  at 0.05 level of significance. The   high  larvicidal activity of Tinospora rumphii  leaf is supported by    the abundance of  phytochemicals  which show  synergestic  effects  in terms  of larvicidal action  to  mosquito larvae.  The larvicidal  activities  of the three plants  differ  according to the plant species  and part  used which is supported  by the presence  of several  bioactive  chemicals. <#LINE#> @ @ Kovendan K. and Murugan K., Effective of Medicinal Plants on the Mosquito Vectors from the Different Agroclimatic Regions of Tamil Nadu, India, Advances in Environmental Biology, 5(2), 335-344 (2011) @No $ @ @ Cheng S.S., Chang H.T., Chang S.T., Tsai K.H., Chen W.J.,  Bioactivity of Selected Plant Essential Oils Against the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedesaegypti larvae, Bioresource Technol, 89, 99–102 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ravikumar S., Ali M., Beula J., Mosquito larvicidal efficacy of seaweed extracts against dengue vector of  Aedes aegypti, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 143-146 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hahn C.S., French O.G., Foley P., Martin E.N. and Taylor R.P.,  Bispecific Monoclonal Antibodies Mediate Binding of Dengue Virus to Erythrocytes in a Monkey Model of Passive Viremia, Journal of  Immunology, 66(2), 1057-1065 (2001) @No $ @ @ Department of Health, Philippines,http://www.doh.gov.ph/top/node/6036 (2013) @No $ @ @ Invest J.F. and Lucas J.R., Pyroproxyfen as a Mosquito Larvicide, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Urban Pests(2008) @No $ @ @ Tiwary M., Naik S.N., Tewary D.K., Mittal P.K. and Yadav S.,  Chemical Composition  and Larvicidal Activities of the Essential Oil of Zanthoxylumarmatum DC (Rutaceae) Against three Mosquito Vectors,  J. Vector BorneDis.,44, 198-204 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mathivanan T., Govindarajan K., Elumalai K. and Ananthan A., Mosquito Larvicidal and Phytochemical Properties of Ervantaniacoronaria Stap f. (Family Apocynaceae), J. Vector Borne Dis, 44, 178-180 (2000) @No $ @ @ Hedlin P.A., Holingworth R.M., Masler E.P., Miyamoto J., Thopson D.G., Phytochemicals for Pests  Control, American Chemical Society, 372 (1997) @No $ @ @ Arnason J., Philogene B. and Morand P., Insecticides of Plant Origin, American Chemical Society Journal, 387, 213 (1989) @No $ @ @ Das NG, Goswami D, RabhaB. Preliminary Evaluation of Mosquito Larvicidal Efficacy of Plant Extracts,  J. Vect.  Borne Dis.44,  145-148 (2007) @No $ @ @ Harborne J.,  Phytochemical Methods:  A Guide  to Modern Techniques of Plant  Analysis, London: Kluwer  Academic Publishers (1998) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization  Guidelines for Laboratory and Field Testing of Mosquito Larvicides,  http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq (2005) @No $ @ @ Howard, AFB, Zhou, G, and  Omlin, FX. Malaria mosquito control using edible fish in western Kenya: preliminary findings of a controlled study, BMC Public Health, , 199-204 (2007) @No $ @ @ Azmathullah, N.Md., Asrar Sheriff, M., & Sultan Mohideen, A.K., Phytochemical Screening of Calotropisprocera Flower Extracts and Their Bio-Control Potential on  Culex sp. Mosquito Larvae and  Pupae, InternationalJ.  of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives, 2(6), 1718-1721 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hegde, C. R., Madhuri, M., Nishita, S., Arijit, D., Sourav, B., Rohit, K., Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties, Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Leaf Extracts of Punica granatum L., ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2) 32-37 (2012) @No $ @ @ Srinivas, P., Samatha, T., Valya, G., Ragan, A.,1 and Swamy, N., Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extract of Wrightia tomentosa, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(3), 23-27 (2013) @No $ @ @ Nweze, E. I., Okafor, J. I. &Njoku, O., Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Extracts of Trema guineensus (Schunm and Thorn) Morindalucida (Benth) used in Nigeria, Bio-research, (1), 39-46 (2004) @No $ @ @ Akinyemi K. O., Mendie, V. E, Smith S. T., Oyefolu, A. O. & Coker,  A. O.,  Screening  of  Some Medicinal Plants Used in Southwest Nigerian Traditional Medicine for Anti-Salmonella typhi activity Journal of Herbal Pharmacoth, 5 (1), 45-60 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chaieb, I., Saponins as insecticides: A Review. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection,, 39-50 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bagavan A, Rahuman AA, Kamaraj C, Geetha K.,   Larvicidal activity of saponin from Achyranthes aspera against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus(Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res, 103(1), 223-229 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kotkar H.M., Mendki P. S., Sadan S. V. G , Jha, S. R., Upasani, S. M. and Maheshwari, V. L.,  Antimicrobial and pesticidal activity of partially purified flavonoids of Annona squamosa,Pest Manag. Sci.,  58,  33-37 (2002) @No $ @ @ of botanicals for Anopheles gambiae, Int J Trop Insect Sci.,24,  311–318 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rajkumar S. and Jebanesan A., Larvicidal and oviposition activity of Cassia obtusifolia Linn  (Family: Leguminosae) Leaf Extract Against Malarial Vector Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae), Parasitol Res., 104(2), 337- 340 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rawani A, Haldar KM, Ghosh A, Chandra G., Larvicidal Activities of Three Plants Against Filarial Vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), Parasitol Res, 105,1411 1417(2009) @No $ @ @ Roopa, S. and Wadje, S.,  In-vivo Testing of Plant Extracts against Seed borne Pathogens, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(6), 1-4 (2012) @No $ @ @ Padhi, M. and Mahapatra, S. Evaluation of Antibacterial Potential of Leaf extracts of Mimusops elengi, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(7)46-49 (2013) @No $ @ @ Nakade,  B1., Mahesh S. Kadam, S., Patil, K.,3 and Vinayak S. Mane, V., Phytochemical screening and Antibacterial Activity of Western Region wild leaf Colocasia esculenta, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(10), 18-21, (2013) @No $ @ @ Gubitz. G.M,  Mittelbach,  M. and M. Trabi,  Exploitation of the Tropical Oil Seed Plant Jatropha curcas L., Bioresource Technology,  (67), 73-82 (1999) @No $ @ @ Hostettmann, K., & Marston, A., Saponins. Chemistry and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ser. Cambridge University Press(2005) @No $ @ @ Dakora, F. D., Plant Flavonoids: Biological Molecules for Usefull exploitation, Aust.J.  of Plant Physiology, 22(1), 87-99 (1995) @No $ @ @ Khanna V.G. and Kannabiran K.,   Larvicidal effect of Hemidesmusindicus, Gymnema sylvestre, and Ecliptaprostrataagainst Culex qinquifaciatus mosquito larvae, African Journal  of Biotechnology,6 (3),   307-311 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lee S.E, Mosquito Larvicidal Activity of Pipernonaline, a PiperidineAalkaloid derived from Long Pepper, Piper longum, J. of the American Mosquito Control Association, 16(3), 245-247 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kumar, A & Sharma, S.,  An evaluation of Multipurpose Oil Seed Crop for Industrial Uses Jatropha curcas L.: A Review. Indian Crops Product doi:, 10, 101 (2008) @No $ @ @ Adebowale, K.O., &Adedire, C.O., Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of the Underutilized Jatropha curcas Seed Oil, African Journal of Biotechnology, 5 (10),  901-906 (2006) @No $ @ @ Uses of Tinospora rumphii,   http://www. stuartxchange.com (2013) @No $ @ @ Fernandez T.J. Jr. Panyawan (Tinospora rumphii) as dewormer for goats, Regional R and D [Research and Development] Symposia, (1996) @No $ @ @ Akram, W., Khan, H.A.A., Hafeez, F., Bilal, H., Yeon Kook Kim, & Jong-Jin Lee, P., Potential of Citrus Seed Extracts Against Dengue Fever Mosquito, Aedes alpobictus (CULICIDAE: DIPTERA),  Pak. J. Bot., 42(4), 3343-3348 (2010) @No $ @ @ Murray K.D., E. Groden, F.A. Drummond, A.R. Alford, S. Conley, R.H. Storch and M.D. Bentley., Citrus limonoid effects on Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) colonization and oviposition, Environ. Entomol., 24(5), 1275-1283 (1995) @No 
<#LINE#>Spot Polymorphism and Size Do not Indicate Sex Identity: Implications for the Random Selection Method for Natural Spawning of Spotted Barb (Puntius binotatus) in Pond<#LINE#>Lim@Leong-Seng,Tuzan@AudreyDaning,Linus@Malitam,Ransangan@Julian<#LINE#>33-37<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-275.pdf<#LINE#>Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA @ Innovasi Sedia Private Ltd. Lot 37, Block E, Ground Floor, New World Commercial Center, Penampang, Sabah, MALAYSIA<#LINE#>31/10/2013<#LINE#>5/12/2013<#LINE#>The relationship between the numbers of spot, sex and size of the spotted barb, Puntius binotatus was investigated in order to develop a phenotypic sex identification method for the broodstock management of this species. A total of 77 fish specimens with total length (TL) ranged from 4.0 to 9.6 cm were examined for spot polymorphism (3 spots and 4 spots) and sex. Chi’s square test analysis showed spot polymorphism did not correlate with sex identity. The spot polymorphism appeared in both male and female fish at various sizes. These results suggest that such polymorphism is not a result of the morphological changes during the fish growth. The sex ratio in P. binotatuswas found to be 1: 1.2(male: female). Male reproductive organ (testis) was found fully developed first at TL 4.0 cm while ovary was observed in larger fish (TL 4.95 cm). The present study concluded that the spot polymorphism is not a reliable phenotypic sex identification method. Nevertheless, random selection of at least 77 fish with minimum size 4.0 cmas broodstocks would be sufficient for the natural spawning of P. binotatusin pond.<#LINE#> @ @ Talwar P.K. and Jhingran, A.G., Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries, , A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands (1991) @No $ @ @ Roberts T.R., The freshwater fishes of Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia), Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci., 14, 210 (1989) @No $ @ @ Robins C.R., Bailey R.M., Bond C.E., Brooker J.R., Lachner E.A., Lea R.N. and Scott, W.B., World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada,  Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ., 21, 243 (1991) @No $ @ @ Jenkins A., Kullander F.F. and Tan H.H., Puntius binotatus. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (version 2012.1). www.iucnredlist.org (2009) @No $ @ @ Rainboth W.J., FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (1996) @No $ @ @ Baumgartner L., Fish in Irrigation Supply Offtakes: A Literature Review. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Research Report Series: 11,  Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales, Australia (2005) @No $ @ @ Tongnunui, S. and Beamish, F.W.H., Habitat and relative abundance of fishes in small rivers in eastern Thailand, Environ. Biol. Fish., 85, 209-220 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mat Isa M., Md Rawi C.S., Rosla R., Mohd Shah S.A. and Md Shah A.S.R., Length-weight relationships of freshwater fish species in Kerian River Basin and Pedu Lake, Res. J. Fish. Hydrobiol., 5(1), 1-8 (2010) @No $ @ @ Zakeyudin M.S., Isa M.M., Md Rawi C.S. and Md Shah A.S., Assessment of suitability of Kerian River tributaries using length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of six freshwater fish species, J. Environ. Earth Sci., , 52-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Lim, L.-S., Chor, W.-K.,Tuzan, A.D., Malitam, L., Gondipon, R. and Ransangan, J., Length-weight relationships of the pond-cultured spotted barb (Puntius binotatus), Int. Res. J. Biol. Sci.,  2(7), 61-63 (2013) @No $ @ @ Rahmawati, I., Aspects of reproductive biology in the common barb (Puntius binotatus C. V. 1842, Family Cyprinidae) at the upstream region of Ciliwung River, Western Jawa. M. Sc. Thesis, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia (in Indonesian) (2006) @No $ @ @ Dorado, E.L., Torres, M.A.J. and Demayo, C.G., Sexual dimorphism in body shapes of the spotted barb fish, Puntius binotatus of Lake Buluan in Mindanao, Philippines,  AACL BIOFLUX, , 321-329 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kottelat, M., Whitten, A.J.,Kartikasari, S.N. and Wirjoatmodjo, S., Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi, Periplus Editions Ltd., Hong Kong, China (1993) @No $ @ @ Herre A.W.C.T., Distribution of the true freshwater fishes in the Philippines, I. The Philippine Cyprinidae, Philipp. J. Sci., 24, 249-307 (1924) @No $ @ @ Sohn, J.J. and Crews, D., Size-mediated onset of genetically determined maturation in the platyfish, Xiphorus maculates,Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., USA74, 4547-4548 (1977) @No $ @ @ Long, K.D. and Houde, A.E., Orange spots as a visual cue for female mate choice in the guppy (Poecilia reticula). Ethol, 82, 316-324 (2010) @No $ @ @ Orton, R.D., Wright, L.S. and Hess, H., Spot polymorphism in Girella nigricans (Perciformes: Kyphosidae): geographic and inter-size class variation. Copiea, 1987, 198-204 (1987) @No $ @ @ Baird, I.G., Inthaphaisy, V., Kisouvannalath, P.,Phylavanh, B. and Mounsouphom B., The Fishes of Southern Lao. Lao Community Fisheries and Dolphin Protection Project, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Lao (1999) @No
<#LINE#>Anti-microbial Activity of Acrylic Resins with In-Situ Generated Nanosilver on Cariogenic Planktonic and Biofilm Bacteria<#LINE#>Bahador@Abbas,Ghorbanzadeh@Roghayeh,ZamanKassaee@Mohammad,Sodagar@Ahmad<#LINE#>38-46<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-282.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran @ Private practices, Tehran, Iran @ Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran @ Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, TUMS, Tehran, Iran <#LINE#>12/11/2013<#LINE#>2/12/2013<#LINE#>Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) widely used in prosthodontics and orthodontics, but there is a problem with acrylic appliances-centered dental caries, inflammation of gingival and periodontal disease. With cariogenic organisms such as Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus, there is a required for an anti-microbial delivery system with long-term anti-microbial activity. Thus, the main purpose of this work is to explore the effects of the increase in silver nanoparticles (NanoAg) concentration as well as the addition of initiator and accelerator to NanoAg in-situ in PMMA on antibacterial properties. Chemical-cure acrylic resins were used to synthesize NanoAg in-situ in PMMA using silver benzoate,benzoyl peroxide and dimethyl-p-toluidine (NanoAg-IS-PMMA-BD). Antibacterial effectiveness of NanoAg-IS-PMMA-BD was assessed against the cariogenic bacteria and their co-cultures by adherence inhibition as well as planktonic and biofilm bacterial cells growth inhibition. NanoAg-IS-PMMA-BD reduced bacterial adherence by 61.3-99.9% (P0.05) depending on the microorganism type. Planktonic growth inhibition showed 5-7 log (99.9%; P0.05) decrease in time-dependent manner over a 28 day period. NanoAg-IS-PMMA-BD inhibited the biofilm of all test bacteriaand co-cultures by 3-5 log (99.9%; P0.05), compared to PMMA. NanoAg-IS-PMMA-BD maintained anti-microbial effects after the third generation of biofilm formation. The data presented here are novel in that they prove that NanoAg-IS-PMMA-BD effectively inhibited adherence of cariogenic bacteria as well as strong anti-microbial activity in the planktonic phase and subsequent biofilm formation. This showed NanoAg-IS-PMMA-BD has the potential to minimize cariogenic microorganism’s colonization on denture and baseplates of orthodontic appliances.<#LINE#> @ @ Öztürk F., Malkoc S., Ersöz M., Hakki S.S. and Bozkurt B.S., Real-time cell analysis of the cytotoxicity of the components of orthodontic acrylic materials on gingival fibroblasts, Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial. Orthop, 140, e243-e9 (2011) @No $ @ @ Topaloglu-Ak A., Ertugrul F., Eden E., Ates M. and Bulut H., Effect of orthodontic appliances on oral microbiota-6 month follow-up, J. Clin. Periodontol, 35,433-436 (2011) @No $ @ @ Eliades T., Eliades G. and Brantley W.A., Microbial attachment on orthodontic appliances: I. Wettability and early pellicle formation on bracket materials, Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial. Orthop, 108,351-360  (1995) @No $ @ @ Atack N.E., Sandy J.R. and Addy M., Periodontal and Microbiological Changes Associated With the Placement of Orthodontic Appliances: A Review, J. Periodontol, 67,78-85 (1996) @No $ @ @ Hosseini F., Adlgostar A. and Sharifnia F., Antibacterial Activity of Pistacia atlantica extracts on Streptococcus mutans biofilm, Int. Res. J. Biological. Sci, 2, 1-7 (2013) @No $ @ @ Lessa F.C.R., Enoki C., Ito I.Y., Faria G., Matsumoto M.A.N. and Nelson-Filho P., In-vivo evaluation of the bacterial contamination and disinfection of acrylic baseplates of removable orthodontic appliances, Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial. Orthop,131,705 e11- e17 (2007) @No $ @ @ Gong S-q., Epasinghe J., Rueggeberg F.A., Niu L-n.,Mettenberg D. and Yiu CK., An ORMOSIL-Containing Orthodontic Acrylic Resin with Concomitant Improvements in Anti-microbial and Fracture Toughness Properties, PloS one, 7, e42355 (2012) @No $ @ @ Monteiro D.R., Gorup L.F., Takamiya A.S., Ruvollo-Filho A.C., Camargo E.R. and Barbosa DB., The growing importance of materials that prevent microbial adhesion: anti-microbial effect of medical devices containing silver, Inter. J. Anti-microbial. Agents, 34, 103-110 (2009) @No $ @ @ Lavanya M., Veenavardhini S.V., Gim G.H., Kathiravan M.N. and Kim S.W., Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles using Paederia foetida L. leaf extract, Int. Res. J. Biological. Sci, 2, 28-34 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kavitha K.S., Baker S., Rakshith D., Kavitha H.U., Hc Y.R. and Harini B.P., Plants as Green Source towards Synthesis of Nanoparticles, Int. Res. J. Biological. Sci, 2, 66-76 (2013) @No $ @ @ Salam H.A., Rajiv P., Kamaraj M., Jagadeeswaran P., Gunalan S. and Sivaraj R., Plants: green route for nanoparticle synthesis,Int. Res. J. Biological. Sci, 1, 85-90 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ahn S.J., Lee S.J., Kook J.K. and Lim B.S., Experimental anti-microbial orthodontic adhesives using nanofillers and silver nanoparticles, Dent. Mater, 25, 206-213 (2009) @No $ @ @ Zhao L., Wang H., Huo K., Cui L., Zhang W. and Ni H., Antibacterial nano-structured titania coating incorporated with silver nanoparticles, Biomater, 32, 5706-5716 (2011) @No $ @ @ Jeong S.H., Yeo S.Y. and Yi S.C., The effect of filler particle size on the antibacterial properties of compounded polymer/silver fibers, J. Mater. Sci, 40, 5407-5411 (2005) @No $ @ @ Monteiro D.R., Gorup L.F., Takamiya A.S., de Camargo E.R. and Barbosa D.B., Silver distribution and release from an anti-microbial denture base resin containing silver colloidal nanoparticles, J. Prosthodont, 21, 7-15 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kassaee M., Akhavan A., Sheikh N. and Sodagar A., Antibacterial effects of a new dental acrylic resin containing silver nanoparticles, J. Appl. Polym. Sci, 110,1699-1703 (2008) @No $ @ @ Acosta-Torres L.S., López-Marín L.M., Nunez-Anita R.E., Hernández-Padrón G. and Castaño VM./ Biocompatible metal-oxide nanoparticles: nanotechnology improvement of conventional prosthetic acrylic resins, J. Nanomat, 20, 12-17 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sondi I., Goia D.V. and Matijevi E., Preparation of highly concentrated stable dispersions of uniform silver nanoparticles, J. Colloid. Interface. Sci, 260, 75-81 (2003) @No $ @ @ Riley D.K., Classen D.C., Stevens L.E. and Burke J.P., A large randomized clinical trial of a silver-impregnated urinary catheter: lack of efficacy and staphylococcal superinfection, Am. J. Med, 98, 349-356 (1995) @No $ @ @ Crabtree J.H., Burchette R.J., Siddiqi R.A., Huen I.T., Hadnott L.L. and Fishman A., The efficacy of silver-ion implanted catheters in reducing peritoneal dialysis-related infections, Perit. Dial. Int, 23, 368-374 (2003) @No $ @ @ Furno F., Morley K.S., Wong B., Sharp B.L., Arnold P.L. and Howdle S.M., Silver nanoparticles and polymeric medical devices: a new approach to prevention of infection? J. Antimicrob. Chemother, 54, 1019-1024 (2004) @No $ @ @ Fan C., Chu L., Rawls H.R., Norling B.K., Cardenas H.L. and Whang K., Development of an anti-microbial resin-A pilot study, Dent. Mater, 27, 322-328 (2011) @No $ @ @ Oei J.D., Zhao W.W., Chu L., DeSilva M.N., Ghimire A. and Rawls H.R., Anti-microbial acrylic materials with in situ generated silver nanoparticles, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B. Appl. Biomater, 100, 409-415 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sodagar A., Kassaee M.Z., Pourakbari B., Arab S. and Bahador A., Anti-cariogenic effect of polymethylmethacrylate with in situ generated silver nanoparticles on planktonic and biofilm bacteria, Annals. Of. Biological. Research4,7-11 (2013) @No $ @ @ Koo H., Seils J., Abranches J., Burne R.A., Bowen W.H. and Quivey R.G., Influence of apigenin on gtf gene expression in Streptococcus mutans UA159. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother, 50, 542-546 (2006) @No $ @ @ Maithri S.K., Mutangana D. and Sudha D., Molecular Modeling and Docking Studies of PirB Fusion Protein from Photorhabdus Luminescens, Int. Res. J. Biological. Sci, 1, 7-18 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bahador A., Lesan S. and Kashi N., Effect of xylitol on cariogenic and beneficial oral streptococci: a randomized, double-blind crossover trial, Iran. J. Microbiol, 4, 75-82 (2012) @No $ @ @ Guggenheim B., Giertsen E., Schüpbach P. and Shapiro S., Validation of an in vitro biofilm model of supragingival plaque, J. Dent. Res, 80, 363-370 (2001) @No $ @ @ Takenaka S, Trivedi HM, Corbin A, Pitts B, Stewart PS. Direct visualization of spatial and temporal patterns of anti-microbial action within model oral biofilms, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 74, 1869-1875 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sevinç A.B. and Hanley L., Antibacterial activity of dental composites containing zinc oxide nanoparticles, Appl Biomat, 94, 22-31 (2010) @No $ @ @ Koo H., Xiao J., Klein M. and Jeon J., Exopolysaccharides produced by Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferases modulate the establishment of microcolonies within multispecies biofilms, J. bacteriol, 192, 3024-3032 (2010) @No $ @ @ Xing M, Shen F, Liu L, Chen Z, Guo N, Wang X, et al. Anti-microbial efficacy of the alkaloid harmaline alone and in combination with chlorhexidine digluconate against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus grown in planktonic and biofilm cultures, Lett. Appl. Microbiol, 54, 475-482 (2012) @No $ @ @ 46staphylococcal biofilms from implant-associated infections, Antimicrob. Agents. Chemothe, 50, 55-61 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bjerklin K, Gärskog B, Rönnerman A. Proximal caries increment in connection with orthodontic treatment with removable appliances, J. Orthod, 10, 21-24 (1983) @No $ @ @ Lee CF, Lee CJ, Chen CT, Huang CT. -Aminolaevulinic acid mediated photodynamic anti-microbial chemotherapy on Pseudomonas aeruginosa planktonic and biofilm cultures, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 75, 21-25 (2004) @No $ @ @ Surdeau N., Laurent-Maquin D., Bouthors S. and Gellé M-P., Sensitivity of bacterial biofilms and planktonic cells to a new anti-microbial agent, Oxsil 320N. J. Hosp. Infect, 62, 487-493 (2006) @No $ @ @ Hennig S., Nyunt Wai S. and Ziebuhr W., Spontaneous switch to PIA-independent biofilm formation in an ica-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis isolate, Int. J. Med. Microbiol, 297, 117-122 (2007) @No $ @ @ O'Gara J.P., ica and beyond: biofilm mechanisms and regulation in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, FEMS microbiol. Lett, 270, 179-188  (2007) @No 
<#LINE#>The In Vivo Biochemical and Oxidative Change by Garlic and Ezetimibe Combination in Hypercholesterolemic Mice<#LINE#>Mohammadi@Abbas,Farnoosh@Gholamreza,Kia@RoghayeHosseini,oubariFarhad,Hassanpour@Kazem,Moradi-Sardareh@Hemen,Mohammadi@Nejad,AbbasiOshaghi@Ebrahim,Yari@Reza<#LINE#>47-51<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-289.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IRAN @ Physiology Research Centre, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IRAN @ Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, @ IRAN Department of Health,University of Medical science, Kermanshah, IRAN @ Department of Laboratory Sciences, Para-medical Faculty, University of Medical science, Kermanshah, IRAN @ Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, IRAN @ Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IRAN @ Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of and Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IRAN @ Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IRAN @ Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Borojerd Branch, Borojerd, IRAN <#LINE#>30/8/2013<#LINE#>19/12/2013<#LINE#>  Male mice were randomly divided to 5 groups (n=8): group 1: hypercholesterolemic diet, 2: garlic, 3: ezetimibe, 4: garlic plus ezetimibe, and 5: chow only. After one month mice were anesthetized and sacrificed. Lipid profiles and liver enzymes were measured enzymatically. Activity of serum super oxide dismutase (SOD) was determined by the Misra and Fridovich method. Activities of CAT and Reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured using the Aebi and Beutler E, methods respectively. Amount of fasting blood glucose significantly reduced in this combination (p0.001), and ezetimibe group (p0.05). Serum levels of LDL-C and total cholesterol significantly decreased in ezetimibe (p0.05), garlic (p0.05), and combination of garlic and ezetimibe groups (p0.001). TG and VLDL-C markedly decreased in garlic and combination of garlic and ezetimibe groups (p0.05). The atherogenic index (AI), non-HDL-C and LDL/HDL ratio markedly decreased in combination group compared with the hypercholesterolemic mice (p0.01). Serum ALT (p0.05), AST (p  0.05), and GGT (p  0.01) were significantly reduced in garlic (p0.05), ezetimibe (p0.05) and combination groups compared with the hypercholesterolemic mice (p  0.01). The activity of SOD, Catalase and GSH levels were markedly increased in garlic (p0.05) and ezetimibe (p0.05) and combination of garlic and ezetimibe groups (p0.001) compared with hypercholesterolemic mice. Coadministration of garlic and ezetimibe related with a noteworthy improvement in cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors. More experiment might be required to show the efficacy and safety of garlic and ezetimibe coadministration. <#LINE#> @ @ Pagidipati N.J., Gaziano T.A., Estimating deaths from cardiovascular disease: a review of global methodologies of mortality measurement, Circulation, 127(6), 749-56 (2013)  @No $ @ @ Sarmandal C.V., Cancer, Heart and other Chronic Diseases: Some Preventive Measures to Control Lipid Peroxidation through Choice of Edible Oils, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences,1(6), 68-75 (2012) @No $ @ @ Criqui M.H., Cholesterol, primary and secondary prevention and all cause mortality, Ann Intern Med, 115, 973-6 (1991) @No $ @ @ Jeu L.A., Pharm D.l. and Judy W.M., et al., Pharmacology and therapeutics of ezetimibe (SCH 58235), a cholesterol-absorption inhibit, Clin Ther,25(9), 2352-87 (2003) @No $ @ @ Domagala B.M., Pharm D. and Leady M, Ezetimibe: The First CholesterolAbsorption Inhibitor, Pharmaceutical Spotlight,28(3), 191-206 (2003) @No $ @ @ Banerjee S.K. and Maulik S.K., Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: a review, Nutr J, 1(4), 1-14 (2002) Kalaiselvan A.,  Gokulakrishnan K., Anand T., Akhilesh U. and Velavan S, Preventive Effect of Shorea Robusta Bark Extract against Diethylnitrosamine -Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats, International Research Journal of Medical Sciences, 1(1), 2-9, (2013) @No $ @ @ Yousefi B.V., Amraeai E., Salehh H., Sadeghi L., Najafi L. and Fazilati M., Evaluation of Iron Oxide nanoparticles effects on tissue and Enzymes of Thyroid in Rats, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(7), 67-69, (2013) @No $ @ @ Mohammadi A., Abbasi Oshaghi E., Noori Sorkhani A.,  Oubari F., Hosseini Kia R. and Rezaei A., Effect of Opium on Lipid Profile and Expression of Liver X Receptor Alpha (LXR) in Normolipidemic Mouse, Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3(2), 249-254 (2012) @No $ @ @ Abbasi Oshaghi E., Sorkhani A.N. and Rezaei A., Effects of Walnut on Lipid Profile as Well as the Expression of Sterol-Regulatory Element Binding Protein-1c(SREBP-1c) and Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors  (PPAR) in Diabetic Rat, Food and Nutrition Sciences,3, 255-259 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mejia J., Lalla, J. and Kazim S.H., Dose response of alcohol-induced changes in BP, nitric oxide and antioxidants in rat plasma. Pharmacological Research,51, 337–343 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gholamhosseinian A., Fallah H. and Sharififar F., The inhibitory effect of some Iranian plants extracts on the alpha glucosidase, Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 11(1), 1-9 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kweon S., Park K.A. and Chio H., et al., Chemopreventive effect of garlic powder diet in hepatocarcinogenesis, Life Sci,73(19), 2515-26 (2003) @No $ @ @ Yeh Y.Y. and Liu L., Cholesterol-lowering effect of garlic extracts and organosulfur compounds: human and animal studies, J Nutr, 131(3s), 989S-93S (2001) @No $ @ @ Elmahdi B., Khalil M.M. and Abulgasim A.I., The Effect of Fresh Crushed Garlic Bulbs (Allium sativum) on Plasma Lipids in Hypercholesterolemic Rats, Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,, 15-19 (2008) @No $ @ @ Aouadi R., Aouidet A. and Elkadhi A., et al., Effect of fresh garlic on lipid metabolism in male rats, Nutrition Research, 20, 273-280 (2000) @No $ @ @ Qureshi A.A., Din Z.Z. and Abuirmeileh N., et al., Suppression of Avian Hepatic Lipid Metabolism by Solvent Extracts of Garlic: Impact on Serum Lipids, J. Nutr,113, 1746-1755 (1983) @No $ @ @ Lin M.C., Wang E.J. and Lee C., et al., garlic inhibits microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene expression in human liver and intestinal cell lines and in rat intestine, J Nutr,  132(6), 1165-8 (2002) @No $ @ @ Stephen W, Russell S, Steven L, et al., Effect of garlic on total serum cholesterol, J Nutr, 119(7), 599-605 (1993) @No $ @ @ Ali M., Al-Qattan K.K. and Al-Enezi F., et al., Effect of allicin from garlic powder on serum lipids and blood pressure in rats fed with a high cholesterol diet, Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 62(4), 253-9 (2000) @No $ @ @ Van Heek M., Farley C. and Compton D.S., et al. Ezetimibe selectively inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption in rodents in the presence and absence of exocrine pancreatic function, BrJ Pharmacol, 134, 409-417 (2001) @No $ @ @ Jeu L.A., Pharm D.l. and Judy W.M., et al. Pharmacology and therapeutics of ezetimibe (SCH 58235), a cholesterol-absorption inhibit, Clin Ther, 25(9), 2352-87 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sirappuselvi S. and Chitra M., In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Cassia tora Lin, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences,1(6), 57-61 (2012) @No $ @ @ Aweng E.R., Hanisah N., Mohd Nawi M.A.,, Nurhanan Murni Y. and  Shamsul M., Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds of Vitex Trifolia Var, Simplicifolia Associated with Anticancer, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(3), 65-68, (2012) @No $ @ @ Lowe H.I., Watson C.T.,  Badal S.,  Ateh E.N.,  Toyang N.J. and Bryant J., Anti-angiogenic properties of the Jamaican ball moss, (Tillandsia recurvata L.), International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(4), 73-76 (2012) @No $ @ @ Rahman k., Alam D.M.  and Islam N., Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo  Mat-Wood  Veneer  Plywood,  International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 61-64 (2012) @No $ @ @ Alam E.A.,  Initiation  of  Pharmaceutical  Factories depending on more Application of Biotechnology on some Medicinal  Plants  Review  Article  (In  Vitro  Production  of some  Antioxidant,  Analgesic,  Antibacterial,  Antidiabetic agent),  Res   J Recent Sci.,1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 398-404 (2012) @No $ @ @ Patil   Sunil   J.   and   Patil   H.M.,   Ethnomedicinal   Herbal Recipes from Satpura Hill Ranges of Shirpur Tahsil, Dhule, Maharashtra, India, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(ISC-2011), 333-366 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sumanth M. and Rana A.C., In vivo antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Taraxacus officinale  in  rats, Indian J Pharmacology,38(1), 54-55 (2006) @No $ @ @ Madhavan V., Shah P., Murali A.  and Yoganarasimhan S.N., In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity studies on the roots of Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. (Rutaceae), Asian Journal of Traditional Medicines, 5 (5), 188-198 (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>A strain of Chryseobacterium sp. isolated from necrotic leaf tissue of chayote (Sechium edule Jacq)<#LINE#>ElmiraSanMartín-Romero,Luna-Rodríguez@Mauricio,Mauricio Luna-Rodríguez,Iglesias-Andreu@LourdesGeorgina,Noa-Carrazana@JuanCarlos,NormaFlores-Estévez,Barceló-Antemate@Diana<#LINE#>52-60<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-293.pdf<#LINE#>Biotechnology and AppliedEcologyInstitute (INBIOTECA), Veracruzana University, Culturas Veracruzanas No 101, Col. Emiliano Zapata CP91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, MÉXICO @ High TechnologyLaboratory of Xalapa, Veracruzana University, Médicos No. 5, Col. Unidad del Bosque, CP 91010, Xalapa, Veracruz,MÉXICO @ Faculty of Biology, Zone Xalapa, VeracruzanaUniversity, UniversityZone, Xalapa, CP 91000, Veracruz, MÉXICO<#LINE#>26/11/2013<#LINE#>5/1/2014<#LINE#>There are few reports of bacterial diseases in chayote because these are usually attributed to other pathogens, mainly fungi. However, from two Sechium edule Jaqc Sw plants showing necrosis of the leaves, the presumptive pathogen was isolated from symptomatic leaves on yeast-dextrose-calcium carbonate agar yielding yellow-orange color colonies that developed after 36 hours. This study was proposed to identify the microorganism associated with this pathology and to evaluate its aptitude to induce necrotic damage in four varieties in S. edule. The bacterium identification was carried out by examining the characteristics of the colonies and cells, the biochemical characteristics and a sequence of the gene fragment coding 16S rRNA. It was found that leaf necrosis of chayote may be caused by Chryseobacterium sp. Similarly, a phylogenetic analysis was performed with 26 species of this genus together with the strain under study, finding more similarity to C. indologenes and C. gleum. Significant differences were found in the expression of the symptoms of chlorosis and necrosis amongst the varieties of chayote constantly appearing throughout our study. Chryseobacterium was described in 2010 for the first time as a pathogen associated with Soft Rot of the Calla Lily in Poland. This genus has been found in different environments, and therefore it is considered appropriate to investigate its ecological role or any other association it may have with plants. <#LINE#> @ @ Vandamme P., Bernarder J.F., Segers P., Kersters K., Holmes B., New Perspectives in the Classification of the Flavobacteria: Description of Chryseobacterium gen. nov., Bergeyella gen. nov., and Empedobacter nom. Rev, Int J Syst Bacteriol, 44(4), 827–831 (1994) @No $ @ @ Kirby J.T., Sader H.S., Walsh T.R., Jones R.N., Antimicrobial susceptibility and epidemiology of a worldwide collection of Chryseobacterium spp: Report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997-2001), J Clin Microbiol,42(1), 445-448 (2004) @No $ @ @ Refik M., Aktas E., Yasemin E., Aysegul C., Durmaz R., Postoperative Chryseobacterium indologenes bloodstream infection caused by contamination of distillate water, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol,28 (3), 9-368 (2007) @No $ @ @ 594.Zhou Y., Dong J., Wang X., Huang X., Zhang K-Y., Zhang Y-Q., Guo Yu-Feng, Lai R., Wen-Jun L., Chryseobacterium flavum sp. nov., isolated from polluted soil, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol,57, 1765–1769 (2007) @No $ @ @ Herzog P., Winkler I., Wolking D., Kämpfer P., Lipski A., Chryseobacterium ureilyticum sp. nov, Chryseobacterium gambrini sp. nov., Chryseobacterium pallidum sp. nov.  and Chryseobacterium molle sp. nov., isolated from beer-bottling plants, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol,58, 26–33 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kämpfer P.,  Dreyer U., Neef A., Dott W., Busse H.J., Chryseobacterium defluvii sp. nov., isolated from wastewater, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol,53, 93–97 (2003) @No $ @ @ Hugo C.J., Segers P., Hoste B., Vancanneyt M., Kersters K.,  Chryseobacterium joostei sp. nov., isolated from the dairy environment, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol,53, 771–777 (2003) @No $ @ @ de Beer H., Hugo C.J., Jooste P.J., Willems A., Vancanneyt M., Coenye T., Vandamme P., Chryseobacterium vrystaatense sp. nov., isolated from raw chicken in a chicken-processing plant, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 55(5), 2149–2153 (2005) @No $ @ @ de Beer H., Hugo C.J., Jooste P.J., Vancanneyt M., Coenye T., Vandamme P., Chryseobacterium piscium sp. nov., isolated from fish of the South Atlantic Ocean off South Africa, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol,56(6), 1317–322 (2006) @No $ @ @ Park M.S., Jung S.R., Lee M.S., Kim K.O., Do J.O., Lee K.H., Kim S.B., Bae K.S., Isolation and characterization of bacteria associated with two sand dune plant species, Calystegia soldanella and Elymus mollis,J Microbiol,43, 219–227 (2005) @No $ @ @ Shen F.T., Kämpfer P., Young C.C., Lai1 Wei-An, Arun A.B., Chryseobacterium taichungense sp. nov., isolated from contaminated soil, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 55, 1301–1304 (2005) @No $ @ @ Tai C.J., Kuo H.P., Lee F.L., Chen H-K., Yokota A., Lo C-C., Chryseobacterium taiwanense sp. nov., isolated from soil in Taiwan, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol,56, 1771–1776 (2006) @No $ @ @ Young C.C., Kampfer P., Shen F.T., Lai W.A., Arun A.B., Chryseobacterium formosense sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Lactuca sativa L. (garden lettuce), Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 55(1), 423–426 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hantsis-Zacharov E., Halpern M., Chryseobacterium haifense sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from raw milk, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 57(10), 2344-2348 (2007) @No $ @ @ Quan Z.X., Kim K.K., Kim M.K., Long J., Sung-Taik L., Chryseobacterium caeni sp. nov., isolated from bioreactor sludge, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 57(1),141-145 (2007) @No $ @ @ Vaneechoutte M., Kämpfer P., De Baere T., Avesani V., Janssens M., Wauters G., Chryseobacterium hominis sp. nov., to accommodate clinical isolates biochemically similar to CDC groups II-h and II-c, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 57, 2623–2628 (2007) @No $ @ @ Yoon J.H., Kang S.J., Oh T.K., Chryseobacterium daeguense sp. nov., isolated from wastewater of a textile dye worksInt, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 57(6), 1355–1359 (2007) @No $ @ @ Goddard-Juárez, M.G., Hernández-Gama, R.; Rojas-Avelizapa, N.G., Identificación Molecular de Microorganismos Capaces de Remover Bifenilo Provenientes de Suelos Contaminados, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada del IPN, 3, 37-51 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gallego V., Garcia M.T., Ventosa A., Chryseobacterium hispanicum sp. nov., isolated from the drinking water distribution system of Sevilla, Spain, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 56, 1589-1592 (2006) @No $ @ @ Park M.S., Jung S.R., Lee K.H., Lee M.S., Do JO, Kim S.B., Bae K.S., Chryseobacterium soldanellicola sp. nov. and Chryseobacterium taeanense sp. nov., isolated from roots of sand-dune plants, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol,56(2),433–438 (2006) @No $ @ @ Weon H.Y., Kim B.Y., Yoo S.H., Kwon S.W., Cho Y.H., Go S.J., Stackebrandt E., Chryseobacterium wanjuense sp. nov., isolated from greenhouse soil in Korea, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol,56 (7), 1501-1504 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ilardi P., Fernández J., Avendaño-Herrera R., Chryseobacterium piscicola sp. nov., isolated from diseased salmonid fish, Int J Syst Evol Microbiol,59, 3001-3005 (2009) @No $ @ @ Tuon F.F., Campos L., Duboc de Almeida G., Gryschek R.C., Chryseobacterium meningosepticum as a cause of cellulitis and sepsis in an immunocompetent patient, J Med Microbiol, 56, 1116–1117 (2007) @No $ @ @ Bernardet J.F., Hugo C., Bruun B., The genus Chryseobacterium. In The Prokaryotes: an Evolving Electronic Resource for the Microbiological Community. (eds) M. Dworkin, Springer New York, USA, http://link.springer-ny.com/link/ service/books (2001) @No $ @ @ McSpadden-Gardener B.B., Weller D.M., Changes in Populations of Rhizosphere Bacteria Associated with Take-All Disease of Wheat, Appl Environ Microbiol, 67 (10), 4414–4425 (2001) @No $ @ @ Mikicinski A., Sobiczewski P., Sulikowska M., Pu	awska J., Treder J., Pectolytic Bacteria Associated with Soft Rot of Calla Lily (Zantedeschia spp.) Tubers, J Phytopath, 158, 201–209 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gamboa W., Producción agroecológica una opción para el desarrollo del cultivo del Chayote (Sechium edule Jac Sw), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José Costa Rica, 219 (2005) @No $ @ @ 60Las variedades del chayote mexicano, recurso ancestral con potencial de comercialización México, Grupo Interdisciplinario de Investigación en Sechium edule en México, A.C., 88 (2010) @No $ @ @ Zar J.H., Bioestatistical analysis.  Prentice Hall, New Jersey, U.S.A, 842 (1999) @No $ @ @ Fautz E., Reichenbach H., A simple test for flexirubin-type pigments, Microbiol Lett, , 87–91 (1980) @No $ @ @ Holt J.G., Krieg N.R., Sneath P.H.A., Staley J.T., Williams S.T., Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Lippincott Williams  Wilkins, Maryland, USA, 2816 (2000) @No $ @ @ Schaad N.W., Jones J.B., Chun W., Laboratory guide for identification of plant pathogenic bacteria, The American Phytopathological Society Press, Minnesota USA, 373 (2001) @No $ @ @ Madigan M.T., Martinko J.M., Brock biology of microorganisms, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 842 (2006) @No $ @ @ Flamm R.K., Hinrichs D.J., Thomashow M.F., Introduction of pAM31 into Listeria monocytogenes by Conjugation and Homology Between Native L. monocytogenes Plasmids, Ifect Immun,44(1), 157-161(1984) @No $ @ @ Felske A., Rheims H., Wolterink A., Stackebrandt E., Akkermans A.D.L., Ribosome analysis reveals prominent activity of an uncultured member of the class Actinobacteria in grassland soils, Microbiology,143, 2983-2989 (1997) @No $ @ @ Luna M., García S., García O., Trigos Á., Serratin a new metabolite obtained from Serratia marcescens, a bacterium isolated from the microflora associated with banana plantations, Nat Prod Lett,27(1), 49-53 (2013) @No $ @ @ Nei M., Kumar S., Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics, Oxford University Press, New York, USA, 300 (2000) @No $ @ @ Tamura K., Peterson D., Peterson N., Stecher G., Nei M., Kumar S., MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Pasrimony Methods, Mol Biol Evol, 28, 2731-2739 (2011) @No $ @ @ Thompson J.D., Gibson T.J., Plewniak F., Jeanmougin F., Higgins D.G., The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools,  Nucleic Acids Res,25, 4876–4882 (1997) @No $ @ @ Mauel M.J., Miller D.L., Frazier K.S., Hinnes I.I.E., Bacterial pathogens isolated from cultured bullfrogs (Rana castesbeiana), J Vet Diagn Invest,14, 431-433 (2002) @No $ @ @ Bernardet J.F., Vancanneyt M., Matte-Tailliez O., Grisez L., Tailliez P., Bizet C., Nowakowski M., Kerouault B., and Swings J., Polyphasic study of Chryseobacterium strains isolated from diseased aquatic animals, Syst Appl Microbiol, 28, 640–660 (2005) @No $ @ @ Madriz, K.O., Mecanismos de defensa en las interacciones planta-patógeno, Manejo Integrado de Plagas63, 22–32 (2002) @No $ @ @ Cadena Iñiguez J., Hernández M.S., Arévalo Galarza Ma. de L., Avendaño-Arrazate C.H., Aguirre-Medina J. F., Ruiz-Posadas L. del Mar., Caracterización bioquímica de variedades domesticadas de Chayote Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. comparadas con parientes silvestres, Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura, 2, 45-55 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bramley P., The regulation and genetic manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato fruit, Pure Appl Chem, 69, 2159–2162 (1997) @No $ @ @ Cadena-Iñiguez J., Avendaño-Arrazate C.H., Soto-Hernández M., Ruiz-Posadas L. M., Aguirre-Medina J. F, Arévalo-Galarza L., Infraspecific variation of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.in the state of Veracruz, Mexico, Genet Resour Crop Evol, 55, 835–847 (2008) @No $ @ @ Cadena-Iñiguez J., Ruiz-Posadas M.L., Aguirre-Medina J.F., Sánchez-García P., Estudio de los síntomas asociados a la pérdida de color del Chayote, Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura, 11 (2), 309-316 (2005) @No $ @ @ Robinson, R., El retorno de la resistencia. Fitomejoramiento de los cultivos para reducirconsecuencias y estrategias de respuesta a la dependencia de plaguicidas, Editorial Grupo Chorlaví, Futura SA México, http://www.GrupoChorlavi.org/cafe http://www.sharebooks.ca/eBooks/Resistencia, 281 (1996) @No $ @ @ Altieri M.A., The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems, Agricult Ecosys Environ, 74, 19–31, (1999) @No $ @ @ Dardanelli M.S.,  Manyani H., González-Barroso S., Rodríguez-Carvajal M.A., Gil-Serrano A.M., Espun M.R., López-Baena, F.J., Bellogín R.A., Megías M., Ollero F.J., Effect of the presence of the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Chryseobacterium balustinumAur9 and salt stress in the pattern of flavonoids exuded by soybean roots, Plant Soil, 328, 483–493 (2010) @No $ @ @ Domenech J., Reddy M.S., Kloepper  J.W., Ramos B., Gutiérrez-Mañero J., Combined application of the biological product LS213 with Bacillus, Pseudomonas or Chryseobacterium for growth promotion and biological control of soil-borne diseases in pepper and tomato, BioControl, 51, 245–258 (2006) @No
<#LINE#>Effects of Antioxidant food Supplement on aging in Bombyx Mori<#LINE#>Sudhakaran@Amritha,SumishaKunnat@huparambil,Sebastian@ChempakasseryDevasia<#LINE#>61-65<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-300.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Zoology, Calicut University P.O, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, INDIA<#LINE#>2/12/2013<#LINE#>11/1/2014<#LINE#>Aging is the accumulation of deleterious changes occurring in an organism over time. It causes as a result of free radical deposition in the body which is fought out by the antioxidants. Present study mainly focuses on the dietary supplementation of antioxidants, ascorbic acid and tyrosine in the aging of Bombyx mori larvae. Total protein, hydrogen peroxide and catalase activity of haemolymph and fat body have been estimated at time interval of 24 hrs for a period of 4 days. The results obtained were statistically analysed. It was found that ascorbic acid and tyrosine acted as a potential dietary antioxidant supplement which caused significant changes in the organism’s body, by scavenging the free radicals formed in the body as a result of metabolic reactions. <#LINE#> @ @ Devi M. and Latha P., Hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Decalepis hamiltonii against acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury in rats, Int. J. Pharm. Pharmaceut. Sci.,, 400-406 (2012b) @No $ @ @ Youdin K.A. and Joseph J.A., A possible emerging phytochemicals in improving age-related neurodysfunctions, A multiplicity of effects, Free Radic. Biol.,30, 58 (2001) @No $ @ @ Nabizadeh  P. and Kumar T.S.J., Fat body catalase activity as a biochemical index for the recognition of thermotolerant breeds of mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L, J. Therm. Biol.,36, 1-6 (2011) @No $ @ @ Keeley L.L., Physiology and biochemistry of the fat body, Comp. Insect Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol.,, 211–248 (1985) @No $ @ @ Orr W.C. and Sohal R.S., The effects of catalase gene over expression on life span and resistance to oxidative stress in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster, Arch. Biochem, Biophys.,297, 35-41 (1992) @No $ @ @ Sohal R.S., Aging, cytochrome oxidase activity and Hrelease by mitochondria, Free Radic. Biol. Med.,14, 583-588 (1993) @No $ @ @ Hady Maha M., Potentiality of Vitamin C and / or Lupinus termis to Modulate Blood Glucose level and Oxidative Stress Status of Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,2(11), 41-46 (2013) @No $ @ @ Hounkpatin A.S.Y., Johnson R.C., Guédénon P., Domingo E., Alimba C.G., Boko M. and Edorh P.A., Protective Effects of Vitamin C on Haematological parameters in Intoxicated Wistar Rats with Cadmium, Mercury and Combined Cadmium and Mercury, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,1(8), 76-81 (2012) @No $ @ @ Javed H. and Gondal M.H., Effect of food supplementation by n and ascorbic acid on larval mortality of silkworm Bombyxmori L.), Asian J. Plant Sci.,, 556-557 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kanafi R.R., Ebadi R., Mirhosseini S.Z., Seidavi A.R., Zolfaghari M. and Etebari K.A., Review on nutritive effect of mulberry leaves enrichment with vitamins on economic traits and biological parameters of silkworm Bombyxmori L, Inv. Sur. J.,, 86-91 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kanafi R.R., Ebadi R., Fazilati M. and Mirhoseini S.Z., Nutritive effects of mulberry leaves enrichment with riboflavin vitamin on bio-economic characters of silkworm, Bombyxmori L, Arab Cong. of Plant Protec., 9, 19-23 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ito T. and Arai N., Nutrition of the silkworm, Bombyxmori. IX. Further studies in the nutritive effects of ascorbic acid, Bull. Seric. Exp. Stn., Tokyo,20, 1-19 (1965) @No $ @ @ Kaur S. and Srivastava B.G., Effect of ascorbic acid and its different quantities on various parameters of reproductive potential of  Dacusccurbittae (Conquillett), Ind. J. Entomol.,57,  151-156 (1995) @No $ @ @ Amardev S., Farooq A. and Ahmed B.S., Spring rearing performance by feeding temperate mulberry variety on bivoltine hybrid NB4D2 × SH6 of silkworm, Bombyx mori L, ISCA J. Biological Sci.,1(2), 69-72 (2012) @No $ @ @ Susheela P. and Radha R., Studies on the Levels of Cholesterol and Phospholipids in the Haemolymph of the Lepidopteran Larvae before and after Stinging by the Potter Wasp, Eumenes Conica,  Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,2(3),11-15 (2013) @No $ @ @ Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L. and Randall R.J., Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent, J. Biol. Chem.,193, 265– 276 (1951) @No $ @ @ 65 17.Muhlebach J., Muller K. and Schwarzenbach G., The peroxo complexes of titanium, Inorg. Chem.,11, 2381–2390 (1970) @No $ @ @ Prasad S.S. and Mohan P.M., Aminoacids, aminotransferases and proteins in the metamorphosing silkworm Bombyx mori L, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Anim. Sci.),99(5), 369- 375 (1990) @No $ @ @ Shiva Kumar G. and Shamitha G., Studies on the Proteins and Proteolytic activity of indoor reared Tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta. D (Daba TV), Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,2(5), 24-29 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kinnear J.F. and Thomson J.A., Nature, origin and fate of major haemolymph proteins in Calliphora,  In: Insect Biochem.5, Pergamon Press Great Britain, 531-532 (1975) @No $ @ @ Kilby B.A. The biochemistry of the insect fat body, Adv. Insect Physiol.,1, 111-174 (1963) @No $ @ @ Chipppendale G.M. and Kilby B.A., Relationship between the proteins of the haemolymph and fat body during development of Pierisbrassicae, J. Insect Physiol.,15, 905-926 (1969) @No $ @ @ Martin M.D., Kinnear J.F. and Thomson J.A., Developmental changes in the late larva of Calliphorastygia. IV, Uptake of plasma protein by the fat body, Aust. J. BioI. Sci.,24, 291-299 (1971) @No $ @ @ Bandyopadhyay U., Das O. and Banerjee R.K., Reactive oxygen species. Oxidative damage and pathogenesis, Curr. Sci.,77, 658-666 (1999) @No 
<#LINE#>Effect of growth Rate and Latewood content on basic Density of Wood from 120-to 154-Year-old Natural-grown Teak (Tectona grandis L. f.)<#LINE#>Kumar@SinhaSatish,R.@VijendraRao,T.S.@Rathore,H.P.@Borgaonkar<#LINE#>66-72<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-306.pdf<#LINE#>ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari-396450, Gujarat, INDIA @ Wood Properties and Uses Division, Institute of Wood Science & Technology, Bangalore-560003, Karnataka, INDIA @ Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur-342005, Rajasthan, INDIA @ Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, INDIA <#LINE#>13/12/2013<#LINE#>29/1/2014<#LINE#>The relationship between the radial variations of growth ring features and basic density were investigated in juvenile and mature wood for five 120-to150-year-old trees of Tectona grandis L. grown naturally in moist deciduous forest of Thane, Maharashtra. The study showed that the mean basic density of growth rings in juvenile wood was 0.665 (0.602-0.702) g cm-3and 0.613 (0.562-0.665) g cm-3 in mature wood. The annual growth in juvenile period was high with a ring width mean of 4.03 mm and the latewood content represented 76.36 % of the annual growth, while in mature period was low with a ring width mean of 1.24 mm and the latewood content represented 59.41% of the annual growth. The patterns of radial variation of ring width, latewood content and basic density were more inherent in the juvenile wood than mature wood of all trees due to cambial ageing. The basic density of five individual trees showed an insignificant correlation between ring-width and latewood content in juvenile wood, whereas a significant positive correlation was found in mature wood of most of individual trees. The mean ring width value of all trees showed a highly significant positive correlation with basic density in both types of wood but mean latewood content showed a non-significant or low significant correlation. <#LINE#> @ @ Wimmer R., Downes G.M. and Evans R., High-resolution analysis of radial growth and wood density in Eucalyptus nitens, grown under different irrigation regimes, Ann. For. Sci., 59, 519–524 (2002) @No $ @ @ Zobel B.J. and Jett J.B., Genetics of wood production, Springer-Verlag publications, Berlin, 13-115 (1995) @No $ @ @ Zobel B.J. and van Buijtenen J.P., Wood variation, its causes and control, Springer-Verlag publications, Berlin, 174 (1989) @No $ @ @ Kollmann F.F.P. and Cote Jr. W.A., Principles of wood science and technology, Springer-Verlag publications, 179 (1968) @No $ @ @ Ladrach W., Management of teak plantations for solid wood products, ISTF News, (Special Report, December), 1-25 (2009) @No $ @ @ Tewari D.N., A monograph on Teak (Tectona grandis L. f.). International Book Distributors, Dehradun, 3 (1992) @No $ @ @ Bhat K.M. and Indira E.P., Effect of fast growth on timber quality of teak, KFRI Research Report 132, 1-60 (1997) @No $ @ @ Varghese M., Nicodemus A., Ramteke P.K., Anbajhagi G., Bennet S.S.R. and Subramanian K., Variation in growth and wood traits among nine populations of teak in peninsular India, Silvae Genetica,49 (4-5), 201-205 (2000) @No $ @ @ Moya R., Effect of cambium age, growth rate and precipitation on the basic density of teak in Costa Rica, Maderay Bosques,8 (1), 39-49 (2002) @No $ @ @ Jayawardana D.N. and Amarasekera H.S., Effect of growth rate on wood quality of teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) plantations at Malsiripura, Kurunegala, Sri Lanka, Vidyodaya J. Humanities and Social Sci., (Golden Jubilee Issue), 149-170 (2009) @No $ @ @ Nocetti M., Rozenberg, P., Chaix, G. and Macchioni, N., Provenance effect on the ring structure of teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) wood by X-ray microdensitometry, Ann. For. Sc., 68 (8), 1375- 1383 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bhat K.M., Priya P.B. and Rugmini P., Characterization of juvenile wood in teak, Wood Sci. Tech.,34, 517-532 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kumar A.N.A., Srinivasa Y.B. and Chauhan S.S., Growth rate convergence in teak (Tectona grandis L.), Curr. Sci.,83, 808-809 (2002) @No $ @ @ Bhat K.M., Cambium activity and juvenile wood formation in teak, KFRI Research Report 137, 1-41 (1998) @No $ @ @ Priya P.B. and Bhat K.M., False ring formation in teak Tectona grandis L.f.) and the influence of environmental factors. Forest Ecol. Manag., 108, 215-222 (1998) @No $ @ @ Sousa V.B., Cardoso S., Quilho T. and Pereira H., Growth rate and ring width variability of teak, Tectona grandis(Verbenaceae) in an unmanaged forest in East Timor, Rev. Biol. Trop., 60(1) 483-494 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Androgenic Callus Induction of the Indica Rice Hybrid of Chakhao Amubi and Basmati 370<#LINE#>Medhabati@Kangabam,Das@KangabamRajiv,Henary@Chongtham,Singh@ThingbaijamDikash,Sunitibala@Huidrom<#LINE#>73-79<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-311.pdf<#LINE#>Medicinal Plant and Horticulture Research Division, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal-795001, INDIA @ Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli- 620024, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>19/12/2013<#LINE#>28/1/2014<#LINE#>Among the different varieties of rice available worldwide some of the specialty rice viz., the fragrant Basmati of India and Pakistan, medicinal purplish-black  Jiengo rice of China known as Laos and Cambodia a glutinous sticky rice of Thailand are the most desirable rice  fetching upto 10 times more than the common rice in international markets. In the last few decades, Basmati rice has become the most favored rice due to its soft fluffy texture with fine slender grains and high content of acetyl-1-pyrroline (0.09 ppm). Dark-purple glutinous aromatic rice known as “Chakhao Amubi” of Manipur, India, was found to have its own aesthetic value and high nutraceutical properties. Although the dark sticky glutinous  rice is also one of the most preferred rice, the grain quality of this aromatic rice is still poorly understood and neglected because of its low yield, non-responsiveness to fertilizers and high susceptibility to rice blast. Thus in the present study we tried to develop a novel rice hybrid of “Chakhao Amubi and Basmati 370” to improve its yield and provide a better grain quality rice having high nutraceutical properties using anther culture development techniques of homozygous breeding lines of double haploid. We believed our present study would provide desired homozygous and improve genotype for sustainable development for rice variety. <#LINE#> @ @ Special Issue on 2nd International Rice Congress, 56(7),ICAR (2006) @No $ @ @ Choo S.H., So H.S., Cho J.M., Ryu W.S., Association of Hepatitis C Virus Particles with Immunoglobulin: A Mechanism for Persistent Infection, J. Gen. Virol., 76,2337–2341 (1995) @No $ @ @ Morrison R.A. and Evans D.A ., Haploid Plants from Tissue Culture: New Plants Varieties in a Shortened Time Frame, Biotechnology,6, 684-690 (1988) @No $ @ @ Snape J.W., Doubled Haploid Breeding Theoretical Basis and Practical Applications, Review of Advances in Plant Biotechnology, (eds) Kazi AM, and Stich L, CIMMYT and IRRI, 19-30 (1989) @No $ @ @ Janhe A., Hazze P.A. and Lorz H.,  Regeneration of Fertile Plants from Protoplast Derived from Embryogenic Suspension of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Plant Cells Rep, 10, 1-6 (1991) @No $ @ @ Mandal A.B., Sheeja T.E. and Roy B., Assessment of Androclonal Variation in indica rice PTB28, Indian J. Exp. Bio.,38, 1054 -1057 (2000) @No $ @ @ Foroughi-Wehr B. and Wenzal G., Androgenic Haploid Production, IAPTC News Lett., 58, 11-18 (1989) @No $ @ @ Abe T. and Futsuhara Y., Genotypic Variability for Callus Formation and Plant Regeneration in Rice (Oryza sativa L.), Theor. Appl. Genet., 72, 3-10 (1986) @No $ @ @ Hartke S. and Lorz H., Somatic Embryogenesis and Plant Regeneration from Various Indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes, J. Genet. Breed., 43, 205-214 (1989) @No $ @ @ Chen C.C., Tsay H.S. and Huang C.R., Factors Affecting Androgenesis in Rice (O. sativa L.), Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry Rice, Bajaj, Y.P.S. (Ed.), 14,Springer Verlag Berlin, 193-215 (1991) @No $ @ @ Zhan Z., Zheng Z., Goa Y. and Cao H., Breeding Utilization and Utilization of Anther Cultured Varieties ‘Xinxion’ and ‘Huazao’ in Rice (Oriza sativa L.), Genetic manipulation of crops, Published for IRRI, Philippines and Academic Sinica, China, by Cassell Tycooly, Cassell PLC, London, UK (1984) @No $ @ @ Zhang Z.H., The Practibility of Anther Culture Breeding in Rice, Review of Plant Biotechnology, 1985-88, eds. Mujeeb Kazi A, Sitch LA, CIMMYT, Mexico and IRRI, Philippines 31-42 (1989) @No $ @ @ Alejar M.S., Zapata D., Khush G.S. and Datta S.K.,Utilization of Anther Culture as a Breeding Tool in Rice Improvement, Current Issues in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biol., *Eds. M Terzi et al., Kluwer Academic Pub. Netherlands, 137-142 (1995) @No $ @ @ Torbert K.A.,  Rines H.W. and Somers D.A., Transformation of Oat using Mature Embryo-Derived Tissue Cultures, Crop Sci., 38, 226-231 (1998) @No $ @ @ Khanna H.K. and Raina S.K., Genotype X Culture Media Interaction Effects on Regeneration Response of Three Indica Rice Cultivars, Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Cult.,52, 145-153 (1998) @No $ @ @ Chu Q.R. and Croughan T.P.,Genetics of Plant Regeneration in Immature Panicle Culture of Rice, Crop Sci.,30, 1194-1197 (1990) @No $ @ @ Mandal N. and Gupta S., Effect of Genotype and Culture Medium on Androgenic Callus Formation and Green Plant Regeneration in Indica Rice, Indian J. Exp. Biol.,33, 761-765 (1995) @No $ @ @ Jain R.K., Dave M.R., Cocking E.C. and Wu R.,Carbohydrate and Osmotic Requirements for High-Frequency Plant Regeneration from Protoplast-Derived Colonies of Indica and Japonica Rice Varieties, J. Expt. Bot.,48, 751-758 (1997) @No $ @ @ Rance I.M., Tian W., Mathews H., DeKochko A., Beachy R.N. and Fauquet C., Partial Desiccation of Mature Embryo-Derived Calli, A Simple Treatment that Dramatically Enhances the Regeneration Ability of Indica Rice, Plant Cell Rep.,13, 647-651 (1994) @No $ @ @ Abe T. and Fussuhara Y., Varietal Difference of Plant Regeneration from Root Callus Tissues in Rice, Jpn. J. Breed., 34, 147-155 (1984) @No $ @ @ Wang M.S., Zapata F.J. and De Castro D.C., Plant Regeneration through Somatic Embryogenesis from Mature Seed and Young Inflorescence of Wild Rice Oryza perennis Moench), Plant Cell Rep.,6, 294-296 (1987) @No $ @ @ Seraj Z.I., Islam Z., Faruque M.O., Devi T. and Ahmed S., Identification of the Regeneration Potential of Embryo Derived Calluses from various Indica Rice Varieties, Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Cult., 48, 9-13 (1997) @No $ @ @ Azria D. and Bhalla P.L., Plant Regeneration from Mature Embryo-Derived Callus of Australian Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Varieties, Aus. J. Agric. Res., 51, 305-312 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rashid H., Yokoi S., Toriyama K. and Hinata K., Transgenic Plant Production Mediated by Agrobacterium in Indica Rice, Plant Cell Rep., 15, 727- 730 (1996) @No $ @ @ Toki S., Rapid and Efficient Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Rice, PlantMol. Bio. Rep., 15, 16-21 (1997) @No $ @ @ Yokoi S., Tsuchiya T., Toriyama K., Hinata K., Tapetum - Specific Expression of the Osg6B Promoter-Glucuronidase Gene in Transgenic Rice, Plant Cell Rep,16, 363- 367 (1997) Li K.L. and Liu L.F., Induction and Plant Regeneration Callus from Immature Embryos of Rice Plant (Oryza sativa L.), Jpn. J. Crop Sci.,51, 70-74 (1982) @No $ @ @ Koetje D.S., Grimes H.D., Wang Y.C. and Hodges T.K., Regeneration of Indica Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) from Primary Callus Derived from Immature Embryos, J. Plant Physiol.,135, 184-190 (1989) @No $ @ @ Ishida Y., Saito H., Hiei Y. and Komari T., Improved Protocol for Transformation of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Plant Biotechnol., 20, 57-66 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rafiq M., Fatima T., Husnain T., Bashir K. and Riazuddin S., Effect Of Different Media on Callus Formation and Regeneration of Different Genotypes of Maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Tissue Cult.,15, 57-65 (2005) @No $ @ @ Usman I. S., Ado S.G. and Ng S.Y., Media Appraisal for Somatic Embryogenesis of Elite Inbred Lines of Maize, Africa Crop Sci. Conf. Proc., 8, 769-772 (2007) @No $ @ @ Valdez-Ortiz A., Medina-Godoy S., Valverde A. E., Paredes-Lopez O., A Transgenic Tropical Maize Line Generated by the Direct Transformation of the Embryo-Scutellum by A. tumefaciens,Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult.,91, 201-214 (2007) @No $ @ @ Vega J.M., Yu W., Kennon A.R., Chen X. and Zhang Z.J., Improvement of Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Hi-Maize (Zea Mays) using Standard Binary Vectors, Plant Cell Rep.,27, 297-305(2008) @No $ @ @ Sidorov V. and Duncan D., Agrobacterium-Mediated Maize Transformation: Immature Embryos Versus Callus, In: Paul Scott M (eds) Methods in Molecular Biology: Transgenic Maize. Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, 47-58 (2009) @No $ @ @ Chu C.C., Wang C.C., Sun C.S., Hsu C., Yin K.C. andChu Y., Establishment of an Efficient Medium for Anther Culture of Rice Through Comparative Experiments on the Nitrogen Source, Sci. Sinica, 18, 659-668 (1975) @No $ @ @ Zhao Z.Y., Gu W., Cai T., Tagliani L., Hondred D., Bond D., Shroeder S., Rudert M. and Pierce D., High Throughput Genetic Transformation Mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Maize, Mol. Breed.,8, 323-333(2001) @No $ @ @ Rashid M., Khalil S., Ayub N., Alam S. and Latif F., Organic Acids Production and Phosphate Solubilization by Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM) under in Vitro Conditions, Pak. J. Biol. Sci.,7, 187–196 (2004) @No $ @ @ Katiyar S.K., Matsui M.S., Elmets C.A. and Mukhtar H.,Polyphenolic Antioxidant (-) -Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate from Green Tea Reduces UVB-Induced Inflammatory Responses and in Filtration of Leukocytes in Human Skin, Photochem. Photobiol.,69, 148–153 (1999) @No $ @ @ Chu C.C., The N6 medium and its applications to anther culture of cereal crops. Proceedings of the Symposium on Plant Tissue Culture, May 25-30, Peking, China, 45-50 (1978) @No $ @ @ Last D.I. and Brettell I.S., Embryo Yield in Wheat Anther Culture is Influenced by the Choice of Sugar in the Culture Medium, Plant Cell Rep., 9, 14-16 (1990) @No $ @ @ Jahne A. and Lorz H., Cereal Microspore Culture, Plant Sci., 109, 1-12 (1995) @No $ @ @ Raina S.K., Doubled Haploid Breeding in Cereals, Plant Breed. Rev., 16, 141–186 (1997) @No $ @ @ Bishnoi U.S., Jain R.K., Gupta K.R, Chowdhury V.K. and Chowdhury J.B., High Frequency Androgenesis in Indica X Basmati Rice Hybrids using Liquid Culture Media, Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 61, 153-159 (2000) @No $ @ @ Trejo-Tapia G., Amaya U.M., Morales G.S., Sanchez A.D.J. and Bonfil B.M.  et al., The Effects of Cold-Pretreatment, Auxins and Carbon Source on Anther Culture of Rice, Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 71, 41-46 (2002) @No $ @ @ Gosal S.S., Sindhu A.S., Sandhu J.S., Sandhu-Gill R., Singh B., Khera G.S. and Dhaliwal H.S., Haploidy in Rice. In: Cereals. In vitro Haploid Production in Higher Plants, Jain, S. M., S. K. Sopory and Veilleux, R E. (Eds.), Vol. 4, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1-35 (1997) @No $ @ @ Raina S.K. and Zapata F.J., Enhanced Anther Culture Efficiency of Indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.) through Modification of the Culture Media, Plant Breed.,116, 305-315 (1997) @No 
<#LINE#>Antibacterial activity of flower extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Delonix regia and Peltaphorum ferrugineum against Urinary tract Pathogens<#LINE#>H.C@SachidanandaSwamy,M.M@Asha,M@Chaithra,M.N@Vivek,Kambar@Yashoda,T.R.@PrashithKekuda<#LINE#>80-83<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-312.pdf<#LINE#>Post Graduate Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Sahyadri Science College (Autonomous), Kuvempu University, Shivamogga-577203, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>20/12/2013<#LINE#>30/1/2014<#LINE#>The present study was conducted with an aim of determining antibacterial efficacy of methanol extract of flowers of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Delonix regia and Peltaphorum ferrugineum belonging to the family Fabaceae. Antibacterial efficacy of flower extracts was assessed by Agar well diffusion assay against five antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection. Among flower extracts, higher inhibitory activity was shown by C. pulcherrima followed by P. ferrugineum and D. regia. Susceptibility to extract was recorded higher in case of Gram positive bacteria when compared to Gram negative bacteria. Among bacteria, S. aureus and K. pneumoniae were inhibited to higher and least extent respectively. The flowers of the plants selected can be the potential sources for development of therapeutically important agents active against drug resistant urinary tract pathogens. Isolation of active components from flower extracts and their inhibitory activity against urinary tract pathogens are to be carried out.<#LINE#> @ @ Pal S.K. and Shukla Y., Herbal Medicine: Current status and the future, Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.,  281-288 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kassaye K.D., Amberbir A., Getachew B. and Mussema Y., A historical overview of traditional medicine practices and policy in Ethiopia, The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development.,20(2)127-134 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mazid M., and Khan T.A. and Mohammad F., Medicinal plants of rural India: A review of use by Indian folks, Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences., 2(3), 286-304 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kekuda P.T.R., Manasa M., Poornima G., Abhipsa V., Rekha C., Upashe S.P. and Raghavendra H.L., Antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant potential of Vitexnegundo var. negundo and Vitexnegundo var. purpurascens- A comparative study, Science Technology and Arts Research Journal., 2(3), 59-68 (2013) @No $ @ @ Mittal P. and Wing D.A., Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnancy, Clinics in Perinatology., 32, 749– 764 (2005) @No $ @ @ Nicolle L.E., Short-term therapy for urinary tract infection: success to failure, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents., 31S, S40–S45 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mittal R., Aggarwal S., Sharma S., Chhibber S. and Harjai K., Urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A mini review, Journal of Infection and Public Health., , 101-111 (2009) @No $ @ @ Vivek M.N., Kambar Y., Pallavi S., Kekuda P.T.R. and Kumar R.T.N., Inhibitory effect of Anisomeles indica Linn. against multidrug resistant urinary tract pathogens, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences., 2(12), 411-417 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bussmann R.W. and Sharon D., Traditional medicinal plant use in Northern Peru: tracking two thousand years of healing culture, Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine., , 47 (2006) @No $ @ @ Hossan M.S., Hanif A., Agarwala B., Sarwar M.S., Karim M., Taufiq-Ur-Rahman M., Jahan R. and Rahmatullah M., Traditional use of medicinal plants in Bangladesh to treat urinary tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases, Ethnobotany Research and Applications., , 61-74 (2010) @No $ @ @ Balangcod T.D. and Balangcod A.K.D., Ethnomedical knowledge of plants and healthcare practices among the Kalanguya tribe in Tinoc, Ifugao, Luzon, Philippines, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge., 10(2),  227-238 (2011) @No $ @ @ Peneira R.S., Sumitha T.C., Furlan M.R., Jorge A.O. and Ueno M., Antibacterial activity of essential oils on microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infection, Revista de Saude Publica., 38(2), 326-328 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sahoo S., Panda P.K., Mishra S.R., Parida R.K., Ellaiah P. and Dash S.K., Antibacterial activity of Barringtonia acutangula against selected urinary tract pathogens. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences., 70(5),  677-679 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sharma A., Chandraker S., Patel V.K. and Ramteke P., Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants against pathogens causing complicated urinary tract infections, Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences., 71(2), 136-139 (2009) @No $ @ @ Dulger B. and Dulger G., Antimicrobial activity of the leaves of Ballota acetabulosa on microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infections, Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences., 9(3), 257-262 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kannan R.R., Arumugam R. and Anantharaman P., Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Indian seagrasses against urinary tract pathogens, Food Chemistry., 135(4), 2470-2473 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chang S.L. and Shortliffe L.D., Pediatric urinary tract infections, Pediatric Clinics of North America., 53, 379-400 (2006) @No $ @ @ Marra A.R., Camargo S.T.Z., Goncalves P., Sogayar A.M., Moura D.F., Guastelli J.L.R., Rosa A.C.A., Vitor S.E., Santos P.D.O.F. and Edmond M.B., Preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infection in the zero-tolerance era, American Journal of Infection Control., 39(10),  817-822 (2011) @No $ @ @ Osman K.S., Makic M.B., Fink R., Schraeder N., Hulett T., Keech T. and Wald H., Nurse-directed interventions to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections, American Journal of Infection Control., 40(6), 548-553 (2012) @No $ @ @ Olson R.P., Harrell L.J. and Kaye K.S., Antibiotic resistance in urinary isolates of Escherichia coli from college women with urinary tract infections, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy., 53(3), 1285-1286 (2009) @No $ @ @ Pallet A. and Hand K., Complicated urinary tract infections: practical solutions for the treatment of multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy., 65 (S3), iii25-33 (2010) @No $ @ @ Narayanan A.S., Raja S.S., Ponmurugan K., Kandekar S.C., Natarajaseenivasan K., Maripandi A. and Mandeel Q.A., Antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants against multiple antibiotic resistant uropathogens: a study from Kolli Hills, Tamil Nadu, India, Beneficial Microbes., 2(3), 235-243 (2011) @No $ @ @ Al-Jiffri O., El-Sayed Z.M.F. and Al-Sharif F.M., Urinary tract infection with Esherichia coli and antibacterial activity of some plants extracts, International Journal of Microbiological Research., 2(1): 1-7 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bouabdelli F., Djelloul A., Kaid-Omar Z., Semmoud A. and Addou A., Antimicrobial activity of 22 plants used in Urolithiasis medicine in Western Algeria, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease., 2(S1), S530-S535 (2012) @No $ @ @ Thulasi G. and Amsaveni V., Antibacterial activity of Cassia auriculata against ESBL producing E. coli from UTI patients, International Journal of Microbiological Research., 2(3), 267-272 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mithraja M.J., Irudayaraj V., Kiruba S. and Jeeva S., Antibacterial efficacy of Drynariaquercifolia (L.) J. Smith (Polypodiaceae) against clinically isolated urinary tract pathogens, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(1S), S131-S135 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bag A., Bhattacharyya S.K., Pal N.K. and Chattopadhyay R.R., In vitro antimicrobial potential of Terminalia chebula fruit extracts against multidrug-resistant uropathogens, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(3), S1883-1887 (2012) @No $ @ @ Anzabi Y., Aghdam V.B., Makoui M.H., Anvarian M. and Mousavinia M.N., Evaluation of antibacterial properties of edible oils and extracts of a native plant, Ziziphora clinopodioides (Mountains’ Kakoty), on bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections, Life Science Journal, 10(4s), 121-127 (2013) @No $ @ @ Devi S.A. and Rajkumar J., In vitro antibacterial activity and stability of Avicennia marina against urinary tract infection pathogens at different parameters, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(19), 1034-1039 (2013) @No $ @ @ Shahba S., Bokaeian M., Mozafari-Sabet N.A., Saeidpour-Parizi A., Bameri Z. and Nikbin M., Antibacterial effect of Teucrium polium on the bacteria causing urinary tract infections, Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences,16(3), 44-49 (2014) @No $ @ @ Vivek M.N., Swamy S.H.C., Manasa M., Pallavi S., Kambar Y., Asha M.M., Chaithra M., Kekuda P.T.R., Mallikarjun N. and Onkarappa R., Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activity of leaf and flower extract of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Delonix regia and Peltaphorum ferrugineum, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(8), 64-71 (2013) @No $ @ @ Pavithra G.M., Siddiqua S., Naik A.S., Kekuda P.T.R. and Vinayaka K.S., Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of flowers of Wendlandia thyrsoidea, Olea dioica, Lagerstroemia speciosa and Bombax malabaricum, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(6), 114-120 (2013) @No $ @ @ Lodhia M.H., Bhatt K.R. and Thaker V.S., Antibacterial activity of essential oils from Palmarosa, Evening Primrose, Lavender and Tuberose, Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 71(2), 134-136 (2009) @No $ @ @ Nalubega R., Kabasa J.D., Olila D. and Kateregga J., Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Selected Ethnomedicinal Plants for Poultry in Masaka District, Uganda, Research Journal of Pharmacology, 5(2), 18-21 (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Effect of Humidity on Fungal Deteriogens of Ancient Monuments<#LINE#>S.@Dubey,S.K.@Jain<#LINE#>84-86<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-035.pdf<#LINE#> Mata Gujri College of Professional Studies, Indore, MP, INDIA @ School of Studies in Microbiology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>7/2/2014<#LINE#>17/3/2014<#LINE#>Fungi have always found to be correlated with the deterioration of historical buildings. The present study is aimed to evaluate the effect of relative humidity on growth of fungi associated with Biodeterioration. The experimental work has been carried out using saturated salt slurry method. Five fungal deteriogens were investigated for their growth response over a wide range of relative humidity under laboratory conditions. Out of which, Penicillium sp, Fusarium sp and Aspergillus sp. showed growth between 93-100% RH, whereas Alternaria sp. and Curvularia sp. exhibited adequate growth between RH of 95-100%.  Knowledge about fungal deteriogens will help to control the parameters causing Biodeterioration.<#LINE#> @ @ Realini M., Sorlini C. and Bassi M., The Certosa Of Pavia, A Case Of Biodeterioration, 5th International Congresson Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, Proceedings, 2, 627-629 (1985) @No $ @ @ Gorbushina A.A. et al, Bacterial and Fungal Diversity and Biodeterioration Problems in Mural Painting Environments of St. Martins Church (Greene–Kreiensen, Germany), Int Biodeter & Biodegrad, 53, 13-24 (2004) @No $ @ @ Guillitte O., Bioreceptivity: A New Concept For Building Ecology Study, Sci Tot Environ, 167, 215-220 (1995) @No $ @ @ Garcia – Rowe J. and Saiz –Jimenez C., Lichens And Bryophytes as Agents of Deterioration of Building Materials In Spanish Cathedrals, Int biodet, 28, 151-163 (1991) @No $ @ @ Burford P.E., Fomina M. and Gadd G.M., Fungal Involvement in Bioweathering and Biotransformation of Rocks And Minerals, Mineralogical Magazine 67, 1127-1155 (2003) @No $ @ @ Warscheid T.H., Braams J., Biodeterioration of stone: A review, Int. Biodet Biodegrad., 46, 343-368 (2000) @No $ @ @ Silverman M.P. and Munoz E.F., Fungal Attack on Rock: Solubilization and Altered Infrared Spectra, Science, 169,985-87 (1970) @No $ @ @ Aneja K., Experiments in Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, Fourth Edition, New Age Publishers, 229-231 (2003) @No $ @ @ Stokes R.H.  and Robinson R.A., Standard Solutions for Humidity Control At 25c, Ind. Eng. Chem., 41 (1949) @No $ @ @ Julie C., Controlling Relative Humidity With Saturated Calcium Nitrate Solutions, WaaC Newsletter, 13(1), 17-18 (1991) @No $ @ @ Lewicki P.P. and Pomaranska-Lazuka W., Errors In Static Desiccator Method Of Water Sorption Isotherms Estimation, International Journal of Food Properties,6(3), 557-563 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bell L.N. and Labuza T.P., Moisture Sorption-Practical Aspects of Isotherm Measurement and Use (2nd Edition),American Association of Cereal Chemists, Inc. St. Paul, MN.(2000) @No $ @ @ Hyvarinen A., Meklin T., Vepsalainen A. and  Nevalainen A., Fungi And Actinobacteria In Moisture Demaged Building  Materials- Concentrations and Diversity, Int  biodeter & biodegrad, 49(1), 27-37 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kalliokoski P., Pasanen A., Korpi A. and Pasanen P., House Dust As A Growth Medium For Microorganism, Proceedings of indoor air,96(3), 131-135 (1996) @No $ @ @ Abe K., Effects Of Reducing Relative Humidity on Fungal Viability, Proceedings of indoor air, 96(3), 209-214 (1996) @No $ @ @ Pasanen A.L., Kasenan J.P. et al, Fungal Growth and Survival in Building Materials under Fluctuating Moisture and Temperature Conditions, Int Biodeter& Biodegrad., 30(4), 273-283 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ritschkoff A., Viitanen H. and Koskela K., The Response of Building Materials to the Mould Exposure At Different Response Conditions, Proceedings of Healthy Buildings,, 317 (2000) @No $ @ @ Meklin T., Hyvarinen A., Toivola M., Koponen V., Husman T., Taskinen T., Korppi M.& Nevalainen A. Effects of Building Frame And Moisture Damage On Microbiological Indoor Air Quality In School Buildings, AIHA Journal, 64(1),108-116 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kurnitski J. and Matilainen M., Moisture Conditions Of Outdoor Air Ventilated Crawl Spaces In Apartment Buildings In A Cold Climate, Energy and Buildings, 33(1),15-29 (2000) @No $ @ @ Korpi A., Pasanen A., Pasanen P. and Kalliokoski P., Microbial Growth And Metabolism In House Dust, Int. Biodeteriorer. Biodegrad., 40, 19-27 (1997) @No 
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Association between Plasma Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein activity and Lipid profiles in Metabolic Syndrome in an Iranian Population<#LINE#>Goodarzi@MohammadTaghi,Mohammadian@Mahshid,Shiva@Borzouei,Hassanzadeh@Taghi<#LINE#>87-90<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-256.pdf<#LINE#>Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, IRAN @ Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, IRAN @v Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, IRAN<#LINE#>18/10/2013<#LINE#>29/11/2013<#LINE#>  Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a predisposing factor for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) has a major role in the lipoproteins metabolism and subsequently lipid profile. This study was aimed to investigate possible relationship between plasma CETP activity and lipid profile in metabolic syndrome in a population from Iran. In this case-control study a total of 400 participants, 200 healthy individuals and 200 patients with metabolic syndrome were selected from residents of Hamadan city in western regions of Iran. A national Cholesterol Education Program guideline was used to diagnosis of MS. Blood sugar, lipid profile, and BMI were determined in all studied subjects. A fluorometric assay was used to measure the plasma CETP activity. Significant differences in lipid profile and waist circumference were observed between two studied groups (p=0.001). CETP activity was significantly higher (p0.001) in patients compared to normolipidaemic group. Correlation analysis showed an association between CETP activity and total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL-C. Our results suggest that individual with MS has increased CETP activity. Augmented CETP activity and its association with reduction in HDL-C and increase in LDL-C indicate the important role of CETP in alteration of lipid profile and probably pathogenesis of MS.  <#LINE#> @ @ Timer O., Sisieter F. and Levey E., Metabolic syndrome X, A review, Can J Cardiol., 6, 779–89 (2000) @No $ @ @ Bloomgarden Z.T., Definitions of the insulin resistance syndrome: the 1st world congress on the insulin resistance syndrome, Diabetes Care,  27, 824–30 (2004) @No $ @ @ Alberti K.G., Zimmet P. and Shaw J., The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition, Lancet, 366,1059–62 (2005) @No $ @ @ Grundy S.M. and Small L.D.L., atherogenic dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome, Circulation, 95, 1– 4 (1997) @No $ @ @ Tall A., Plasma lipid transfer proteins, Annu Rev Biochem.,  64, 235–257 (1995) @No $ @ @ Dedoussis G.V., Panagiotakos D.B., Louizou E. et al., Cholesteryl ester-transfer protein (CETP) polymorphism and the association of acute coronary syndromes by obesity status in Greek subjects: The CARDIO2000-GENE study, Hum Hered., 63, 155-161 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mohrschladt M.F., van der Sman-de Beer F., Hofman MK., et al. TaqIB polymorphism in CETP gene: The influence on incidence of cardiovascular disease in statin-treated patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, Eur J Hum Genet., 13, 877-882 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bruce C., Chouinard R.A. Jr., Tall A.R., Plasma lipid transfer proteins, high density lipoproteins, and reverse cholesterol transport, Annu Rev Nutr., 18, 297-330 (1998) @No $ @ @ Bruce C., Tall AR. Cholesteryl ester transfer proteins, reverse cholesterol transport, and atherosclerosis,Curr Opin Lipidol., , 306–311 (1995) @No $ @ @ Barter P.J. and Rye K.A., Molecular mechanisms of reverse cholesterol transport, Curr Opin Lipidol., , 82–87(1996) @No $ @ @ Franceschini G., Epidemiologic evidence for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a risk factor for coronary artery disease, Am J Cardiol., 88, 9N–13N (2001) @No $ @ @ 90Engl J Med., 323, 1234 –1238 (1990) @No $ @ @ Bathnagar D., Durrington P.N., Channon K.N., Prais H., Mackness M.I., Increased transfer of cholesteryl esters from high density lipoproteins to low density and very low density lipoproteins in patients with angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease, Atherosclerosis, 98, 25–32 (1993) @No $ @ @ Gue´rin M., Bruckert E., Dolphin P.J., Chapman M.J., Absence of cholesteryl ester transfer protein-mediated cholesteryl ester mass transfer from highdensity lipoprotein to low-density lipoprotein particles is a major feature of combined hyperlipidemia, Eur J Invest., 26, 485– 494 (1996) @No $ @ @ Yamashita S., Hui D.Y., Wetterau J.R., Sprecher D.L., Harmony J.A., Sakai N., Matsuzawa Y. and Tarui S., Characterization of plasma lipoproteins in patients heterozygous for human plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) deficiency: plasma CETP regulates high-density lipoprotein concentration and composition. Metabolism, 40, 756–763 (1991) @No $ @ @ Expert Panel on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III), Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), JAMA,285, 2486-97 (2001) @No $ @ @ Grundy S.M., Brewer H.B., Cleeman J.I., Smith S.C., Lenfant C., Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition, Circulation, 109, 433-8 (2004) @No $ @ @ Akbarzadeh M., Hassanzadeh T., Saidijam M., Esmaeili R., Borzouei Sh., Hajilooi M., Mahjub H., Paoli M.  Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) -629C/A polymorphism and it's effects on the serum lipid levels in metabolic syndrome patients, Mol Biol Rep., 39(10), 9529-34 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mooradian A.D., Haas M.J. and Wong N.C., Transcriptional control of apolipoprotein A-I gene expression in diabetes, Diabetes,53, 513–520 (2004) @No $ @ @ Tato F., Vega G.L. and Grundy S.M., Bimodal distribution of cholesteryl ester transfer protein activities in normotriglyceridemic men with low HDL cholesterol concentrations, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 15, 446-51 (1995) @No $ @ @ Mann C.J., Yen F.T., Grant A.M., Bihain B.E., Mechanism of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer in hypertriglyceridemia, J Clin Invest., 88, 2059–66 (1991) @No $ @ @ Reilly M.P. and Rader D.J., The metabolic syndrome: more than the sum of its parts?, Circulation,  108, 1546–51 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sandhofer A., Kaser S., Ritsch A., Laimer M., Engl J., Paulweber B., et al. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein in metabolic syndrome, Obesity, 14, 812-8 (2006) @No $ @ @ Girard-Globa A., A polymorphism of the gene coding for cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) that affects transfer of plasma cholesterol ester and its sensitivity to regulation, Biomed Pharmacother, 51, 404-5 (1997) @No $ @ @ Aouizerat B.E., Allayee H., Cantor R.M., Dallinga–Thie G.M., Lanning C.D., de Bruin T.W., et al. Linkage of a candidate gene locus to familial combined hyperlipidemia, Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase on 16q, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 19, 2730-6 (1999) @No $ @ @ Foger B., Ritsch A., Doblinger A., Wessels H., Patsch JR. Relationship of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein to HDL cholesterol: studies in normotriglyceridemia and moderate hypertriglyceridemia, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,.16, 1430–6 (1996) @No $ @ @ Ritsch A., Drexel H., Amann FW., Pfeifhofer C., Patsch JR. Deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer protein: description of the molecular defect and the dissociation of cholesteryl ester and triglyceride transport in plasma, Arterioscler ThrombVasc Biol,. 17, 3433– 41 (1997) @No $ @ @ Sarmandal C.V. Cancer, heart and other chronic Diseases: Some preventive measures to control lipid peroxidation through choice of edible oils, I. Res. J. Biological Sci.,1(6), 68-75 (2012) @No $ @ @ Barter P.J., Brewer H.B. Jr., Chapman M.J. et al., Cholesteryl ester transfer trotein: A novel target for raising HDL and inhibiting atherosclerosis, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol.,  23(2), 160-7 (2003) @No $ @ @ Tall A., Plasma lipid transfer proteins. Annu Rev Biochem., 64, 235–257 (1995) @No