@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Community Structure and Population Dynamics of Aquatic Avifauna of Gharana Wetland (Reserve), Jammu, India<#LINE#>K.K.@Sharma,Minakshi@Saini<#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-133.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu-180006, INDIA<#LINE#>6/6/2013<#LINE#>16/8/2013<#LINE#>The present piece of work has been conducted (2008-09) on Gharana Wetland (Reserve) to determine the seasonal diversity and population dynamics of aquatic avifauna. The study revealed the occurrence of 21 species belonging to 5 orders and 6 families, out of which 6 species were resident, 14 species were migratory and 1 species was occasional visitor. Among migratory aquatic avifauna, 8 species were wintering and 6 species were transients. The highest number of species (18 species) was found in Novemberand February. November had the highest (10673 individuals) and July had the lowest (44 individuals) waterbird population. During November, Bar-headed Goose Anserindicuscontributed 92.01% (9820 individuals) to the total population of 10673 individuals. Family Anatidae accounts for 87.94% of the waterbird count. Various ecological indices as well as statistical methods have also been applied to comment on the community structure of the aquatic avifauna. <#LINE#> @ @ Scott D. A.,A directory of Asian Wetlands, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK, (1989) @No $ @ @ Kivaisi A. K., The potential for constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment and reuse in developing countries, Ecological Engineer, 16, 545-560 (2001) @No $ @ @ Samsunlu A. L., Akca C. K., Findik N. and Tanik A., Significance of wetlands in water qualiy management - past and present situations of Kizilirmak delta, Turkey, Water Sci. 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<#LINE#>Inter and Intrapopulation variations in Stachys inflata Benth. based on Phenotype plasticity (An Ecological and Phytogeographical Review)<#LINE#>Mehdi@TalebiSeyed,IsfahaniGity@Salahi,Narjes@Azizi<#LINE#>9-20<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-162.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Arak University, Arak38156-8-8349, IRAN @ Geographical Group, Payam-e- Noor University, IRAN @ Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IRAN<#LINE#>9/7/2013<#LINE#>28/8/2013<#LINE#>In present study, inter and intra-population variations of Stachys inflata were investigated. For this purpose fifteen geographical populations of this species were collected from different parts of Iran and for each habitat five ecological factors were examined. Totally, twenty two quantitative and qualitative morphological characters were examined from both vegetative and reproductive organs. ANOVA test and also one-sample T-test showed significant difference for some quantitative characters. In intrapopulation section, 3-4 individuals were elected randomly for each population and totally 59 individuals were studied. Individuals were separated from others in PCO and PCA plots and also average linkage tree. Significant correlations were found between some of quantitative morphological characters with studied ecological factors of habitat. In each population, average amounts of quantitative morphological character were used for interpopulation study. Variations in morphological characters were seen between populations and   they were separated in PCO and PCA plots and also UPGMA tree. These populations belong two different phytogeographical subprovinces and also ecological factors were different between habitats; therefore habitats were separated in trees and plots. The arrangements of populations in morphological and ecological trees and plots were similar. Therfore between different populations, similarity or dissimilarity in habitat’s ecological features can cause sameness or difference in morphological characters of plants. This subject confirmed effect of ecological and phytogeographical factors on phenotypic plasticity of plants. <#LINE#> @ @ Turesson G., The genotpycal response of the plant species to the habitat, Hereditas, 211-350 (1922) @No $ @ @ Bradshaw A.D., Population differentiation in Agrostis tenuis Sibth. 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<#LINE#>Biochemical factors, MDA levels and Antioxidant activity in Opium addicted Hamsters<#LINE#>Moradi-Sardareh@Hemen,Mohammadi@Nejad,oubari@Farhad,Nikbakht@MohammadReza,Kia@RoghayeHosseini,Farnoosh@Gholamreza,Yari@Reza,Fateme@mirzaei,Hassanpour@Kazem<#LINE#>21-24<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-198.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IRAN @ Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of and Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IRAN @ Department of Laboratory Sciences, Para-medical Faculty, University of Medical science, Kermanshah, IRAN @ Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IRAN @ Department of Health, University of Medical science, Kermanshah, IRAN @ Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN @ Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Borojerd Branch, Borojerd, IRAN @ Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IRAN @ Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, IRAN <#LINE#>6/8/2013<#LINE#>19/12/2013<#LINE#>In this experiment, 12 male golden Syrian hamsters were divided into two groups containing six animalseach: Group 1 received chow diet (control); group 2 received opium (addicted). All hamsters were sacrificed after 24 hours of the final treatment (after 4four weeks), and the blood of animals were collected. Lipid profiles and liver enzymes were measured enzymatically. Atherogenic Index (AI) and LDL-C were calculated. Also, the LDL-C to HDL-C ratiowas determined.Serum super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured by the method Misra and Fridovich method. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was evaluated by Ohkawa et al method. Catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activity were measured by Aebi and Beutler E, et al. methods respectively. Amount of total cholesterol had a non-significant decreased in opium group. Serum TG and VLDL-C increased in opium group but it was not significant. Change in liver enzymes, were not significant in opium group compared to control hamster. The plasma concentration of MDA markedly increased in opium (p < 0.01) group compared to control. SOD, GSH and catalase levels also markedly reduced in opium (p <0.05) group compared to healthy hamster. In conclusion, oxidative stress is increased in opium treated animals. <#LINE#> @ @ Willcox B.J., Curb J.D. and Rodriguez B.L., Antioxidants in cardiovascular health and disease: key lessons from epidemiologic studies, Am  J  Cardiol, 101, 75–86 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sarmandal C.V., Cancer, Heart and other Chronic Diseases: Some Preventive Measures to Control Lipid Peroxidation through Choice of Edible Oils, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(6), 68-75 (2012) @No $ @ @ Elson D.F. and Meredith M., Therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus, WMJ, 97, 49-54 (1998) @No $ @ @ Rajabizade G., Ramezani M.A. and Shakibi M.R., Prevalence of Opium Addiction in Iranian Drivers 2001-2003, J Med Sci, 210–3 (2004) @No $ @ @ Shiri R., Hassani K.F., Ansari M., Association between opium abuse and comorbidity in diabetic men, Am J Addict, 15, 468–72 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kalaiselvan A.,  Gokulakrishnan K., Anand T., Akhilesh U. and Velavan S, Preventive Effect of Shorea Robusta Bark Extract against Diethylnitrosamine -Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats, International Research Journal of Medical Sciences, 1(1), 2-9 (2013) @No $ @ @ Mohammadi A., Darabi M., Nasry M.,  Saabet-Jahromi M.J., Malek-Pour-Afshar R. and Sheibani H., Effect of opium addiction on lipid prole and atherosclerosis formation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 61,145–149 (2009) @No $ @ @ Yousefi B.V., Amraeai E., Salehh H., Sadeghi L., Najafi L. and Fazilati M., Evaluation of Iron Oxide nanoparticles effects on tissue and Enzymes of Thyroid in Rats, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(7), 67-69, (2013) @No $ @ @ Husain K., Mejia J., Lalla J. and Kazim S.H., Dose response of alcohol-induced changes in BP, nitric oxide and antioxidants in rat plasma, Pharmacological Research, 51, 337–343 (2005) @No $ @ @ Mohammadi A., Abbasi Oshaghi E., Noori Sorkhani A.,  Oubari F., HosseiniKia R. and Rezaei A., Effect of Opium on Lipid Profile and Expression of Liver X Receptor Alpha (LXR) in Normolipidemic Mouse, Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3(2), 249-254 (2012) @No $ @ @ Abbasi Oshaghi E., Sorkhani A.N. and Rezaei A., Effects of Walnut on Lipid Profile as Well as the Expression of Sterol-Regulatory Element Binding Protein-1c(SREBP-1c) and Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors (PPAR) in Diabetic Rat, Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3, 255-259 (2012) @No $ @ @ Misra H.P. and Fridovich I., The role of superoxide anion in the autooxidation of epinephrine and a simple assay for superoxide-dismutase, J BiolChem, 247, 3170–5 (1972) @No $ @ @ BeutlerE., Duron O. and Kelly B.M., Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione, J Lab Clin Med, 61, 882-8 (1963) @No $ @ @ Vasdev S., Gill V. and Singal P.K., Beneficial effect of low ethanol intake on the cardiovascular system: possible biochemical mechanisms,Vascular Health and Risk Management, 2(3), 263–276 (2006) @No $ @ @ Schwenke D.C., Antioxidants and atherogenesis, Biochem. 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<#LINE#>Least Concerned Bark and Stipules of Artocarpus Species (Moraceae) An Effective Antibacterial Agent<#LINE#>D.S.@Asha,C.P.@Ben<#LINE#>25-29<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-217.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam - 629 165, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>25/8/2013<#LINE#>20/9/2013<#LINE#>The present study aims to evaluate the comparative antibacterial properties of bark and stipule samples of Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jack fruit), Artocarpus hirsutus (Wild jack), and Artocarpus altilis (Bread fruit) extracted with Acetone, Distilled water, Ethanol, Chloroform, Petroleum ether and Benzene against various clinical pathogens like Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Bacillus subtilis. The antimicrobial activity study was carried out using agar well diffusion method. The results obtained indicated that both the samples of the selected three species possess a potent anti-bacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi and B. subtilis using different extracts. Hence the bark and stipule samples of selected species form a potentially good source of antimicrobial agent and demonstrate its importance in medicinal systems as a good functional medicine. <#LINE#> @ @ Ahmedullah M. and Nayar M. P., Endemic Plants of Indian Regions, Botanical survey of India, Calcutta, (1986) @No $ @ @ Bailey L.H., The Standard Encyclopedia of Horticulture, The Macmillan Co. New York, 401-402 (1942) @No $ @ @ Nayar M.P., Hot Spots of Endemic Plants of India, Nepal and Bhutan,  Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Trivandrum, India, (1996) @No $ @ @ Isaac S.R. and Nair M. A., Litter dynamics of six multipurpose trees in a home garden in Southern Kerala, India, Agroforestry Systems, Springer, 67, 203–213 (2005) @No $ @ @ Mathew S.P., Mohandas A., Shareef S. M. and Nair G. M., Biocultural diversity of the endemic ‘Wild Jack Tree’ on the Malabar Coast of South India, Ethnobotany Research and Applications., 025-040 (2006) @No $ @ @ Geetha S.,  Lakshmi G. and Ranjithakani P., Ethno veterinary Medicinal Plants of Kolli Hills, Tamilnadu, Journalof Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 12, 289 -291 (1996) @No $ @ @ Parinitha M., Harish G.U., Vivek N.C., Mahesh T. and Shivanna M.B., Ethno-botanical wealth of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary in Karnataka,  Indian J Traditional Knowledge., 37-50 (2004) @No $ @ @ Martin F.W., Campbell C.W. and Ruberte R. M., Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics, an Inventory, USDA-ARS. Washington DC. Agric., 642 (1987) @No $ @ @ Singh A., Fruit Physiology and Production, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India., 1-210 (1986) @No $ @ @ Morton J., Jackfruit. In: Fruits of warm climates, Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL., 58–64 (1987) @No $ @ @ Thomas C.A., Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus(Moraceae), as source of food and income, Economic Botany,  34(2), 154-159 (1980) @No $ @ @ Burkill I.H., Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsular, Crown Agents, London, 2,  (1935) @No $ @ @ Hossain M.K. and Nath T.K., Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. In: Vozzo J.A. (eds.). Tropical Tree Seed Manual.Agriculture Handbook 721. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Washington, DC., (2002) @No $ @ @ Orwa., Agroforestry database 4.0 (2009) Http:// www.worldagroforestry.org/treeb2/AFTPDFS/Artocarpus_altilis.pdf @No $ @ @ Surat B., Piwat B., Prasat K. and Pakawan P., Antitubercular and antiplasmodial prenylated flavones from the root of Artocarpus, Chiang Mai J. Sci., 34(3), 339-334 (2007) @No $ @ @ Enos TA., Britanto D.W., Yohana A.H., Irawan W.K., Dina Y. and Ferry S., Anticancer properties of diethylether extract of wood from Sukun (Artocarpus altilis) in human breast cancer (T47D) cells, Tropical J Pharm res., 8(4), 317-324 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ronald E.Y., Lawrence A.D.W., Michael T.G. and Cyril K.F., An extracts of the leaves of the Artocarpus altilis(Parkinson)Fosberg Exerts a negative inotropic effects on rat myocardium, Phytother res., 7(2), 190-193 (2006) @No $ @ @ Cheryl A.L., Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for urinary problems and diabetes mellitus, J. Ethnobiol Ethnomed., 45 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sindhu Syama Nair, Nithyakala Chandera Madembil, Preetha Nair, Saraswathi Raman and Somashekharaiah Beeranahalli Veerabadrappa., Comparative analysis of the antibacterial activity of some phytolectins, International Current Pharmaceutical Journal., 2(2), 18-22 (2013) @No $ @ @ Rajesh M. Patel and Sahil K. Patel, Cytotoxic activity of methanolic extract of Artocarpus heterophyllus against A549, Hela and MCF-7 cell lines,  Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science., 01 (07), 167-171 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hegde Chaitra R., Madhuri M., Swaroop Nishitha T., Das Arijit, Bhattacharya Sourav and Rohit K.C., Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties, Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Leaf Extracts of Punica granatum L., ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(2), 32-37 (2012) @No $ @ @ Masih Usha, Shrimali Ragini and Naqvi S.M.A., Antibacterial activity of acetone and ethanol extracts of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Ajowan Trachyspermum ammi) on four Food Spoilage Bacteria, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,1(4), 7-11 (2012) @No $ @ @ Salie F., Eagles P.F.K. and Lens H.M.J., Preliminary antimicrobial screening of four South African Asteraceae species, J. Ethnopharmacol., 52(1), 27-33 (1996) @No $ @ @ Vasugi Raman, Sudhahar D. and Anandarajagopal K., Preliminary phytochemical investigation and screening of antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Artocarpus altilis, Asian J. Biol. Life Sci., 1(2), 104 – 107 (2012) @No $ @ @ Victor Kuete, Patrick Y. Ango, Ghislain W. Fotso, Gilbert D.W.F. Kapche, Jean P. Dzoyem, Arlette G. Wouking, Bonaventure T. Ngadjui and Berhanu M. Abegaz,  Antimicrobial activities of the methanol extract and compounds from Artocarpus communis (Moraceae), BMC Complement, Altern. Med.11, 42 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kumbhani Jaydip h, Gajipara Vishal H., Satani Rajesh R., Desai Tusharbindu R., Patel Vishal  and Pandya Devang J., Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical evaluation of  leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus,  pharmacie globale (ijcp), 12(05), 1-3 (2011) @No $ @ @ Farzaneh Hosseini, Afsoon Adlgostar and Fariba Sharifnia, Antibacterial activity of Pistacia atlantica extracts on Streptococcus mutans biofilm, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,2(2), 1-7 (201328.Milimita Padhi and Sujata Mahapatra, Evaluation of antibacterial potential of leaf extracts of Mimusops elengiInt. Res. J. Biological Sci.,2(7), 46-49 (2013) @No $ @ @ Meliani Nawel, Dib Mohammed El Amine, Allali Hocine and Tabti Boufeldja, Comparative analysis of essential oil components of two Daucus species from Algeria and their antimicrobial activity, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,2(1), 22-29 (2013) @No 
<#LINE#>Enhancement in Efficiency of Polymerase Chain Reaction by Silver Nano-Particles<#LINE#>RinkyHemanta@Mudiar,Varsha@Kelkar<#LINE#>30-33<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-230.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, INDIA <#LINE#>10/9/2013<#LINE#>31/12/2013<#LINE#>This experiment evaluated the effect of silver nano-particles on the efficiency of Polymerase Chain Reactions. Silver nano-particles were prepared by chemical reduction method. The particles were analyzed by Particle Size Analyzer and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. AFM image for the particles was taken.  Different concentrations of the prepared nano-particles of median size 50.30 nm were used with other components of PCR reaction mixture and the reactions were carried out along with the control. After Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, the DNA bands were observed. The experiment showed that the prepared Silver nano-particles enhance the PCR efficiency when added at a concentration of 0.02nM. <#LINE#> @ @ Von Wintzingerode F, G¨obel UB & Stackebrandt E, Determination of microbial diversity in environmental samples: pitfalls of PCR-based rRNA analysis, FEMS Microbiol Rev,21, 213–229 (1997) @No $ @ @ Suzuki MT & Giovannoni SJ, Bias caused by template annealing in the amplification of mixtures of 16S rRNA genes by PCR., Appl Environ Micro,62, 625–630 (1996) @No $ @ @ Stults JR, Snoeyenbos-West O, Methe B, Lovley DR & Chandler DP, Application of the 50 fluorogenic exonuclease assay (TaqMan) for quantitative ribosomal DNA and rRNA analysis in sediments, Appl Environ Microb,67, 2781–2789 (2001) @No $ @ @ Holland PM, Abramson RD, Watson R and Gelfand DH, Detection of specific polymerase chain reaction product by utilizing the 50–30 exonuclease activity of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase, P Natl Acad Sci USA,88, 7276–7280 (1991) @No $ @ @ Becker S, Boger P, Oehlmann R & Ernst A, PCR bias in ecological analysis: a case study for quantitative Taq nuclease assays in analyses of microbial communities, Appl Environ Microb, 66, 4945–4953 (2000) @No $ @ @ Takai K & Horikoshi K, Rapid detection and quantification of members of the archaeal community by quantitative PCR using fluorogenic probes, Appl Environ Microb,66, 5066–5072 (2000) @No $ @ @ Banerjee M., Chongad L. and Sharma A, Structural and Optical Properties of Pure and Copper Doped NiS Nanoparticles, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(ISC-2012) , 326-329 (2013) @No $ @ @ Maheswaran S., Bhuvaneshwari B., Palani G.S., Nagesh R Iyer  and Kalaiselvam S,  An Overview on the Influence of Nano Silica in Concrete and a Research Initiative, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(ISC-2012), 17-24 (2013) @No $ @ @ Min Li, Yu-Cheng Lin, Chao-Chin Wu and Hsiao-Sheng Liu , Enhancing the efficiency of a PCR usinggoldnano-particles, Nucleic Acids Research, (2005) @No $ @ @ Binh V. Vu, Dmitri Litvinov, and Richard C. Willson, Gold Nano-particle Effects in Polymerase Chain Reaction: Favoring of Smaller Products by Polymerase Adsorption, Anal. Chem., 80, 5462–5467 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sareen Sarah J., Pillai Raji K., Chandramohanakumar N and Balagopalan M, Larvicidal Potential of Biologically Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles against Aedes Albopictus, Research Journal of Recent Sciences , 1(ISC-2011) , 52-56 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pillai Raji K., Sareen Sarah John., Toms Joseph C., Chandramohanakumar N. and Balagopalan M., Vermifugal Activity of Biofabricated Silver Nanoparticles, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(ISC-2011), 47-51 (2012) @No $ @ @ Akira Ono, Shiqi Cao, Humika Togashi, Mitsuru Tashiro, Takashi Fujimoto, Tomoya Machinami, Shuji Oda, Yoko Miyake, Itaru Okamoto and Yoshiyuki Tanaka, Specific interactions between silver(I) ions and cytosine–cytosine pairs in DNA duplexes, Chem. Commun., 4825-4827 (2008) @No $ @ @ Asta ŠILEIKAIT1, Igoris PROSYEVAS,  Judita PUIŠO, Algimantas JURAITIS, Asta GUOBIEN, Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles Produced by Chemical Reduction of Silver Salt Solution , ISSN 1392–1320 MATERIALS SCIENCE (MEDIAGOTYRA). 12(4)(2006) @No $ @ @ Bangale Sachin and Bamane Sambaji,  Synthesis, Characterization and Hydrophilic Properties of Nanocrystalline ZnFe2O4 Oxide, Research Journal of Recent sciences, 1 (ISC-2011), 202-206 (2012) @No $ @ @ Rai M., Yadav A. and Gade A., Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials, Biotechnol.Adv., 27, 76-83 (2009) @No 
<#LINE#>Optimization studies of Protease enzyme in in-vitro conditions from Bacillus licheniformis<#LINE#>M.P.@Prasad,Rekha@Sethi,J.@Arthirajan<#LINE#>34-39<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-244.pdf<#LINE#>Sangenomics Research Labs, Domlur layout, Bangalore, INDIA @ Department of Microbiology, Jain University, Bangalore, INDIA<#LINE#>27/9/2013<#LINE#>11/11/2013<#LINE#>  Protease enzymes are of immense commercial value and find its applications in various industrial sectors. Microbes serve as a major source for proteases enzyme especially Bacillus strains. In this study protease producing bacteria was isolated from the soil sample. Screening was done on skim milk casein agar media. The colony with the highest protease production was used as the test organisms and maintained on the nutrient agar slants. The isolated protease producing microorganism was characterized morphologically and biochemically by Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology and identified to be as Bacillus licheniformis. Optimization studies were taken up with two physical and two chemical parameters. The organism showed maximum enzyme production at pH of 8.0, temperature 37°C, with 1.5% carbon source and 1.0% nitrogen source.  Mass production was carried out for the protease enzyme with optimized media parameters and purified by centrifugation, ammonium sulphate precipitation (salting out), dialysis and Sephadex G-100 gel chromatography. The enzyme activity of the purified protease was assayed to be 6.66 U/ml. The 12% SDS-PAGE has revealed a unique linear band with a molecular weight of 52-53kDa. The results of this study revealed that the bacterial strain Bacillus licheniformis is a potent source for protease enzyme. <#LINE#> @ @ Gupta R.  Beg Q. K. and Lorenz P., Bacterial alkaline proteases: molecular approaches and industrial applications, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 59 (1), 15-32 (2003) @No $ @ @ Godfrey T. and West. S., 1996. Textiles: in Industrial enzymology, 2 ed., Macmillan Publishers., New York, N.Y., pp: 3. @No $ @ @ Vamsi Krishna K. Mayank Gupta. Nikhil Gupta. Hipal Gaudani. Soham Trivedi. Prasad Patil. Girish Gupta. Yogesh Khairnar. Amol Borasate. and Dharmendra Mishra., Optimization of growth and production of protease by Penicillium species using submerged fermentation, International Journal of Microbiology Research., 1(1), pp-14-18 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mehrato S. Pandey PK. Gaur R. and Darmwal N.S., The production of alkaline protease by a Bacillus species isolate, Bioresour. Technol., 67, 201-203 (1999) @No $ @ @ Gessesse A. Hatti-Kaul R. Gashe B. and Mattason B., Novel alkaline proteases from alkaliphilic bacteria grown using chicken feather, Enz. Microbiol. Technol.,32, 519-524 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sadia A. Abdul H. Dennis S. and Priya M., Purification and characterization of a novel protease from Bacillus strain SAL1, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 8(15), 3603-360 (2009) @No $ @ @ Shirish R. and Dabholkar P. S., Production of protease by Aspergillus sp. using solidstate fermentation, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 8(17), 4197-4198 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ibrahim Noor Azlina and Yusoff Norazila., Thermostable Alkaline Serine Protease from Thermophilic Bacillus Species, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences., 2(2), 29-33 (2013) @No $ @ @ Boonyanas S. Supachok S. Suree P. and Shuitein C., Purification and characterization of the highly thermostable proteases from Bacillus stearothermophilus TLS33, Protein Exp. Purif., 20, 142-151 (2000) @No $ @ @ Gabriela O. Slawomir D. and Jozef K., High-level expression, secretion, and purification of the thermostable aqualysin I from Thermus aquaticus YT-1 in Pichia pastoris, Protein Exp. Purif ., 29, 223-229 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ferrero M.A. Castro G. R. Abate C. M. Baigori M. D. and Singeriz F., Thermostable alkaline proteasesof Bacillus licheniformis MIR 29: isolation, production and characterization, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,45, 327-332 (1996) @No $ @ @ Naidu K.S.B. and Devi K.L., Optimization of thermostable alkaline protease production from species of Bacillus using rice bran, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 724-726 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sen S. and Satyanarayana T., Optimization of alkaline protease production by thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis S-40, Indian. J. Microbiol., 33, 43-47 (1993) @No $ @ @ Horikoshii K.,  Extracellular enzymes In Horikoshii K (Ed), Alkaliphiles Harwood Acad Pub Japan., 147-285 (1999) @No $ @ @ Banerjee U.C. Sani R. K. Azmi W. and Soni R., Thermostable alkaline protease from Bacillus brevis and its characterization as a laundry detergent additive, Proc. Biochem., 35, 213-219 (1999) @No $ @ @ Bholay A.D. More S.Y. Patil V.B. and Patil Niranjan., Bacterial Extracellular Alkaline Proteases and its Industrial Applications, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences., 1(7), 1-5 (2012) @No $ @ @ Negi S. and Banerjee R., Optimization of amylase and protease production from Aspergillus awamoriin single bioreactor through EVOP factorial design technique, Food Technol Biotechnol., 44, 257–61 (2006) @No $ @ @ Holt J.G. Krieg N. R. Sneath P.H.A. Staley J.T. and Williams S.T., Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th Edition, Williams and Wilkins USA, 559-565 (1994) @No $ @ @ Folin O. and Ciocalteau V., Enzymatic Assay of Protease Using Casein as a Substrate, J. Biol. Chem., 73, 627 (1929) @No $ @ @ Soundra Josephine F, Ramya V.S. Neelam Devi. Suresh Babu Ganapa. Siddalingeshwara K. G. Venugopal N. and Vishwanatha T., Isolation, production and characterization of protease from Bacillus Sp isolated from soil sample, J. Microbiol. Biotech. Res.,2 (1),163-168 (2012) @No $ @ @ Laemmli U.K., Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4, Nature Lond., 227, 680-685 (1970) @No $ @ @ Rahman R.N.Z.A., Basri L.P.G.M., Salleh A.B., Physical factors affecting the production of organic solvent-tolerant protease by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain K, Bioresource. Technol., 96, 429-436 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kawai S. and Ikeda S., Studies on digestive enzymes of fishes. Effect of dietary change on the activities of digestive enzymes in carp intestine, Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish., 38, 265-270 (1972) @No $ @ @ Folasade Olajuyigbe M. and Joshua Ajele O., Some Properties of Extracellular Protease from Bacillus licheniformisLbbl-11 Isolated from “iru”, A Traditionally Fermented African Locust Bean Condiment, Global Journal of Biotechnology & Biochemistry.,3 (1), 42-46 (2008) @No $ @ @ Udandi Boominadhan. and Rajendran Rajakumar., Optimization of Protease Enzyme Production Using Bacillus Sp. Isolated from Different Wastes, Botany Research International.,2 (2), 83-87 (2009) @No $ @ @ Adinarayana K. and Elliah P., Response surface optimization of the critical medium component for the production of alkaline protease by a newly isolated Bacillus sp, J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci., 272-278 (2002) @No $ @ @ Muthu Padmapriya. and Christudhas Williams B., Purification and characterization of neutral protease enzyme from Bacillus Subtilis, J. Microbiol. Biotech. Res., 2 (4), 612-618 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nihan Sevinc. and Elif Demirkan., Production of Protease by Bacillus sp. N-40 Isolated from Soil and Its Enzymatic Properties, J. Biol. Environ. Sci., 5(14), 95-103 (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Inferring Quercetin mediated miRNA-TF-gene Regulatory circuit using meta-analysis of Gene expression data<#LINE#>Budheswar@Dehury,Jagajjit@Sahu<#LINE#>40-47<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-247.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam-785013, INDIA<#LINE#>3/10/2013<#LINE#>30/11/2013<#LINE#>Both transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are the key regulatory elements of genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Though the mode of action these two elements vary significantly from each other, studies have shown that they can act upon genes in a combinatory network. In this study, we report an interaction map representing the combined regulatory effect of human TFs and miRNAs on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained from the meta-analysis of gene expression data based on quercetin mediated effect in human. Bioconductor packages were used with the help of R programming language to normalize and process three datasets: GSE7259, GSE15162 and GSE13899. Wilcoxon’s t-test was performed with the help of JAVA Multi-Experiment Viewer program (MeV) and the results revealed a total of 605 unique DEGs at p  0.05. Custom perl scripts searched 8 most common and frequent DEGs. BiNGO plug-in in Cytoscape analyzed the 8 DEGs and found 26 unique GO terms associated with 8 biological processes, 14 cellular components and 4 molecular functions. Bioinformatics tools identified 18 TFs for 7 DEGs except ATRX. The tools, miRanda and TargetScan identified 200 and 249 unique miRNAs targeting 8 DEGs and 9 TFs. The miRNA-TF-gene interaction map was constructed with the help of Cytoscape. The information obtained in this study provides insights into the dynamic characteristics of quercetin mediated miRNA-TF-gene circuit. <#LINE#> @ @ Arora S., Rana R., Chhabra A., Jaiswal A. and Rani V., miRNA-transcription factor interactions: a combinatorial regulation of gene expression, Mol Genet Genomics., 288,77-87 (2013) @No $ @ @ Vaquerizas J.M., Kummerfeld S.K., Teichmann S.A. and Luscombe N.M., A census of human transcription factors: function, expression and evolution, Nat Rev Genet.,10,252-63 (2009) @No $ @ @ Lee T.I., Rinaldi N.J., Robert F., Odom D.T., Bar-Joseph Z., Gerber G.K., Hannett N.M., Harbison C.T., Thompson C.M., Simon I., Zeitlinger J., Jennings E.G., Murray H.L., Gordon D.B., Ren B., Wyrick J.J., Tagne J.B., Volkert T.L., Fraenkel E., Gifford D.K.  and Young RA, Transcriptional regulatory networks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Science.,298, 799-804 (2002) @No $ @ @ Bartel D.P., MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function, Cell.,116, 281-297 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sun J., Gong X., Purow B. and Zhao Z., Uncovering MicroRNA and Transcription Factor Mediated Regulatory Networks in Glioblastoma, PLoS Comput Biol.,8,e1002488 (2012) @No $ @ @ Le T.D., Liu L., Liu B., Tsykin A., Goodall G.J., Satou K. and Li J., Inferring microRNA and transcription factor regulatory networks in heterogeneous data, BMC Bioinformatics.,14, 92 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sharmila G., Bhat F.A., Arunkumar R., Elumalai P., Raja S.P., Senthilkumar K. and Arunakaran J., Chemopreventive effect of quercetin, a natural dietary flavonoid on prostate cancer in in vivo model, Clin Nutr.,pii:S0261-5614, 00235-5 (2013) @No $ @ @ Dihal A.A., Tilburgs C., van Erk M.J., Rietjens I.M., Woutersen R.A. and Stierum R.H., Pathway and single gene analyses of inhibited Caco-2 differentiation by ascorbate-stabilized quercetin suggest enhancement of cellular processes associated with development of colon cancer, Mol Nutr Food Res.,51, 1031-1045 (2007) @No $ @ @ Boomgaarden I., Egert S., Rimbach G., Wolffram S., Müller M.J. and Döring F., Quercetin supplementation and its effect on human monocyte gene expression profiles in vivo, Br J Nutr.,104, 336-345 (2010) @No $ @ @ Brown P.O. and Botstein D., Exploring the new world of the genome with DNA microarrays, Nat. Genet.,21, 33-37 (1999) @No $ @ @ Moreau Y., Aerts S., De M.B., De S.B. and Dabrowski M., Comparison and meta-analysis of microarray data: from the bench to the computer desk, Trends Genet.,19, 570-577 (2003) @No $ @ @ Barrett T., Suzek T.O., Troup D.B., Wilhite S.E., Ngau W.C., Ledoux P., Rudnev D., Lash A.E., Fujibuchi W. and Edgar R., NCBI GEO: mining millions of expression profiles--database and tools, Nucleic Acids Res.,33, D562-566 (2005) @No $ @ @ de Magalhaes J.P., Curado J. and Church G.M., Meta-analysis of age-related gene expression profiles identifies common signatures of aging, Bioinformatics.,25, 875-881 (2009) @No $ @ @ Gentleman R., Carey V.J., Huber W., Irizarray R. and Dudoit S. eds., Statistics for Biology and Health: Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Solutions Using R and Bioconductor, New York, New York, USA, Springer Publishing, 229-248, (2005) @No $ @ @ Gautier L., Cope L., Bolstad B.M. and Irizarry R.A., affy–analysis of Affymetrix Gene Chip data at the probe level, Bioinformatics.,20, 307-315, (2003) @No $ @ @ Irizarry R.A., Hobbs B., Collin F., Beazer-Barclay Y.D., Antonellis K.J., Scherf U. and Speed T.P., Exploration, normalization, and summaries of high density oligonucleotide array probe level data, Biostatistics.,4,249-264, (2003) @No $ @ @ Chu V.T., Gottardo R., Raftery A.E., Bumgarner R.E. and Yeung K.Y., MeV+R: using MeV as a graphical user interface for Bioconductor applications in microarray analysis, Genome Biol.,9, R118 (2008) @No $ @ @ Shannon P., Markiel A., Ozier O., Baliga N.S., Wang J.T., Ramage D., Amin N., Schwikowski B. and Ideker T., Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks, Genome Res.,13,2498-2504, (2003) @No $ @ @ Maere S., Heymans K. and Kuiper M., BiNGO: a Cytoscape plugin to assess overrepresentation of gene ontology categories in biological networks, Bioinformatics.,21, 3448-3449, (2005) @No $ @ @ Qiu C., Wang D., Wang E. and Cui Q., An upstream interacting context based framework for the computational inference of microRNA functions, Mol Biosyst.,8, 1492-1498, (2012) @No $ @ @ Jiang W., Zhang Y., Meng F., Lian B., Chen X., Yu X., Dai E., Wang S., Liu X., Li X., Wang L. and Li X., Identification of active transcription factor and miRNA regulatory pathways in Alzheimer's disease, Bioinformatics.,29 (20), 2596-602 (2013) @No $ @ @ Iwama H., Coordinated networks of microRNAs and transcription factors with evolutionary perspectives, Adv Exp Med Biol.,774, 169-187, (2013) @No $ @ @ Aguda B.D., Modeling microRNA-transcription factor networks in cancer, Adv Exp Med Biol., 774, 149-167 (2013) @No $ @ @ Tseng G.C., Ghosh D. and Feingold E., Comprehensive literature review and statistical considerations for microarray meta-analysis, Nucleic Acids Res.,40, 3785-3799, (2012) @No $ @ @ Moreau Y., Aerts S., De M.B., De S.B. and Dabrowski M., Comparison and meta-analysis of microarray data: from the bench to the computer desk, Trends Genet.,19, 570-577 (2003) @No $ @ @ Meyer F.R., Grausgruber H., Binter C., Mair G.E., Guelly C., Vogl C. and Steinborn R., Cross-platform microarray meta-analysis for the mouse jejunum selects novel reference genes with highly uniform levels of expression, PLoS One.,8, e63125, (2013) @No $ @ @ Villa C., Fenoglio C., De R.M., Clerici F., Marcone A., Benussi L., Ghidoni R., Gallone S., Cortini F., Serpente M., Cantoni C., Fumagalli G., Martinelli B.F., Cappa S., Binetti G., Franceschi M., Rainero I., Giordana M.T., Mariani C., Bresolin N., Scarpini E. and Galimberti D., Role of hnRNP-A1 and miR-590-3p in neuronal death: genetics and expression analysis in patients with Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Rejuvenation Res., 14, 275-281, (2011) @No $ @ @ Deniaud E., Baguet J., Chalard R., Blanquier B., Brinza L., Meunier J., Michallet M.C., Laugraud A., Ah-Soon C., Wierinckx A., Castellazzi M., Lachuer J., Gautier C., Marvel J. and Leverrier Y., Overexpression of transcription factor Sp1 leads to gene expression perturbations and cell cycle inhibition, PLoS One., 4,e7035 (2009) @No $ @ @ Majid S.M., Liss A.S., You M. and Bose H.R., The suppression of SH3BGRL is important for v-Rel-mediated transformation, Oncogene., 25, 756-768, (2006) @No
<#LINE#>The study on Coppicing capacity of Cordia myxa (Lasora)<#LINE#>J.R.@Ahirwar<#LINE#>48-50<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-248.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Botany, Govt. P.G. College Niwari Distt. Tikamgarh, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>7/10/2013<#LINE#>19/11/2013<#LINE#>The present paper provides the information of coppicing capacity of Cordia myxa. The number of coppices/stump showed the increasing trend with increasing of pruning height of the seedlings. While length and girth of coppices showed the decreasing trend with relation to increasing number of coppices per stump. The mean number of leaves/coppice also showed a decreasing trend with increasing number of leaves/ coppice. The result reveals that Cordia myxa having well coppicing ability that may be useful in the production of timber, fodder and fuel wood. <#LINE#> @ @ Ahirwar J.R., Plants used in Health care of People from Bundelkhand region of India, The Journal of Ethnobiology and Traditional Medicine, Photon,118,245-250, (2013) @No $ @ @ Sharma Sunil, Lasodha- A common fruit plant of arid zone, Science Reporter, 20, 165-167, (1983) @No $ @ @ Luna R.K., Plantation Forestry in India, International Book Distributors, Dehra Dun, (1989) @No $ @ @ Patil B.D. and Pathak P.S., Coppice Farming- A Technology for the Bundelkhand region, Indian Journal of range Management, 2 (1&2), 45-56, (1981) @No $ @ @ Mamanteo B.P. and Veracion V.P., Coppicing of Oak trees, Sylvatrop,,10 (2), 181-185, (1985) @No $ @ @ Khan M.L. and Tripathi R.S., Tree regeneration in disturbed sub-tropical wet hill forest of north-east India, Effect of stump diameter and height of sprouting of four tree species, Agroforestry, 17(2&3), 199-299, (1986) @No $ @ @ Ganeshan K.P. and Unnikrishnan K., Mortality rate, coppicing capacity and biomass of three tree spices, Journal of Tropical Forestry, 12 (2), 70-72, (1996) @No $ @ @ Gopikumar S., Vidyasagaran K., Chandran Mini and Nandakumar Lakshmi, Coppicing behaviuor of selected forest tree species, The Indian Forester, 128 (9), 971-975, (2002) @No $ @ @ Pal Mohinder, Bakshi Meena and Prakash Rakesh, Effect coppicing height on shoot production capacity different clones of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., The Indian Forester,129 (4), 504-508, (2003) @No $ @ @ Verma S.K., Sharma V.K., Bagchi S.K.  and Ginwal H.S., Differential response in regenerated shoot number (coppicing ability) of sixty clone of Eucalyptus tereticornis SM. following hedging in VMG, The Indian Forester, 129(9), 1153-1158, (2003) @No $ @ @ Deb, Sandeep Budhaditya, Coppicing in Acacia auriculiformis plants, The Indian Forester, 134 (11),1548-1551, (2008) @No $ @ @ Anon, Eucalyptusfor Planting, Forestry Series No. 11, FAO, Rome (1979) @No $ @ @ Singh S.L. and Yadav R.N.,  Regeneration through coppice in some tree species, Vananusandhan,  A Botanical Journal of State Forest Research Laboratory, Kanpur, 5 (2),(1988) @No $ @ @ Ahirwar J.R. and Tripathi J.P., The study of coppicing ability of Alangium lamarckii, BIOZONE: International Journal of Life Science 2(1&2),  298-302, (2010) @No $ @ @ Bagchi S.K. and Mittal M.C., Regenerated shoot number (Coppicing ability) of pruning at different height levels in one year old Eucalyptus (Mysore-gum), The Indian forester, 122(8), 731-733, (1996) @No 
<#LINE#>Incidence of Human Metapneumovirus in Hospitalized Patients Admitted for Respiratory Illness in Malaysia<#LINE#>G.@Vinomarlini,L.@Samuel,R.@Thayan,S.@ZainahS,Bhassu@Subha<#LINE#>51-57<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-250.pdf<#LINE#>Virology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA @ Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Malaysia, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MALAYSIA @ Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science Building, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA <#LINE#>8/10/2013<#LINE#>17/11/2013<#LINE#>Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an emerging human respiratory pathogen. It clinically resembles respiratory syncytial virus, which causes both upper and lower respiratory tract disease, and has been associated with serious respiratory illness particularly among infants and young children. To date, no published data on the incidence of hMPV infection has been reported in Malaysia. This study was conducted from February 2010 till March 2012. In this period of study, the Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Kuala Lumpur received a total of 2600 respiratory samples from hospitalized patients in Malaysia, suspected with upper and lower respiratory tract infection. Out of this number, 625 patient samples were negative for RSV,Adenovirus, Parainfluenza 1, 2, 3, Flu A and Flu B, which are the routine respiratory virus detection done in the laboratory of the department. The negative samples were then analyzed for hMPV by viral culture, and Direct Immunofluorescence assay, for the detection on hMPV in samples. Further confirmation by doing reverse-transcription PCR was done on all 625 respiratory samples. This method targeted hMPV polymerase (L) gene of 170bp fragment. A phylogenetic tree based on 450 bp fragment of the F gene was also constructed. The results of F gene region showed (93%) homology to the reference sequence from the NCBI AAQ67695.1. Out of all the samples analyzed, 130 respiratory samples (20.8%) were positive by viral culture method and by Immunofluorescence assay and 167 (26.7%) were positive for Human metapneumovirus by PCR.The most common clinical findings include fever, cough, and wheezing. Most of the hMPV positive cases were detected were from hMPV A2 sublineage. <#LINE#> @ @ Williams B.G., Gouws E., Boschi-Pinto C., Bryce J. and Dye C., Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections, Lancet Infect Dis.,2, 25-32 (2002) @No $ @ @ Murray C., A. Lopez, C. Mathers and C. Stein, The Global Burden of Disease 2000 project: aims, methods and data sources, In Global programme on evidence for health policy, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2001) @No $ @ @ Henrickson K.J., Hoover S., Kehl K.S. and Hua W., National disease burden of respiratory viruses detected in children by polymerase chain reaction, Pediatr Infect Dis J.,23, 11-18 (2004) @No $ @ @ Peck A.J., Holman R.C., Curns A.T., Lingappa J.R., Cheek J.E., Singleton R.J., Carver K. and Anderson L.J., Lower respiratory tract infections among American Indian and Alaska native children and the general population of U.S. children, Pediatr Infect Dis J., 24, 342-351 (2005) @No $ @ @ North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, North Carolina Division of Public Health (NDPH). Healthy Carolinians. [Internet]. Raleigh: NDPH; updated  May 3, Available from: http://www.healthycarolinians.org (2010) @No $ @ @ Khor S.C., Sam I.C., Hooi C.S., Quek K.F. and Chan Y.F., Epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a retrospective study of 27 years, BMC Pediatrics,12, 32 (2012) @No $ @ @ Esper F., Boucher D., Weibel C., Martinello R.A. and Kahn J.S., Human metapneumovirus infection in the United States: clinical manifestations associated with a newly emerging respiratory infection in children, Pediatrics,111, 1407–1410 (2003) @No $ @ @ van den Hoogen B.G., van Doornum G.J.J., Fockens J.C., Cornelissen J.J., Beyer W.E.P., de Groot R., Osterhaus A.D.M.E. and Fouchier R.A.M., Prevalence and clinical symptoms of human metapneumovirus infection in hospitalized patients, J Infect Dis.,188, 1571–1577 (2003) @No $ @ @ Skiadopoulos M.H., Biacchesi S., Buchholz U.J., Riggs J.M., Surman S.R., Amaro-Carambot E., McAuliffe J.M., Elkins W.R. et al., The two major human Metapneumovirus genetic lineages are highly related antigenically and the fusion (F) protein is a majorcontributor to this antigenic relatedness, J. Virol., 78,6927–6937 (2004) @No $ @ @ Huck B., Scharf G., Neumann-Heifelin D., Puppe W., Weigl J. and Falcone V., Novel human metapneumovirus sublineage; Emerg. Infect. Dis.,12, 147–150 (2006) @No $ @ @ Carr M.J., Waters A., Fenwick F., Toms G.L., Hall W.W., Molecular epidemiology of human metapneumovirus in Ireland, J Med Virol, 80, 510–516 (2008) @No $ @ @ Biacchesi S., Skiadopoulos M.H., Boivin G., Hanson C.T., Murphy B.R., Collins P.L. et al., Genetic diversity between metapneumovirus subgroups, Virology,315,1–9. doi: 10.1016/S0042-6822 (2003) @No $ @ @ van den Hoogen B.G., J.C. de Jong, J. Groen, T. Kuiken, R. de Groot, R. A. M. Fouchier, and A. D. M. E. Osterhaus.. A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease, Nat. Med.,7, 719–724 (2001) @No $ @ @ Cote S., Y. Abed, and G. Boivin, Comparative evaluation of real-time PCR assays for detection of the human metapneumovirus, J.Clin.Microbiol., 41, 3631-3635 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mackay I.M., Jacob K.C., Woolhouse D., Waller K., Syrmis M.W., Whiley D.M., Siebert D.J., Nissen M. and Sloots T.P., Molecular assays for detection of human metapneumovirus, J.Clin.Microbiol., 41, 100-105 (2003) @No $ @ @ van den Hoogen B.G., Bestebroer T.M., Osterhaus A.D. and Fouchier R.A., Analysis of the genomic sequence of a human metapneumovirus, Virology, 295, 119-132 (2002) @No $ @ @ Tamura K., Dudley J., Nei M., Kumar S., MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0, Molecular Biology and Evolution,24, 1596–1599 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nei M. and Kumar S., Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics, Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York (2000) @No $ @ @ Pelletier G., Déry P., Abed Y., and Boivin G., Respiratory tract reinfections by the new human metapneumovirus in an immunocompromised child, Emerg. Infect. Dis.,8, 976-978 (2002) @No $ @ @ William A., Human Metapneumovirus: A Newly Described Respiratory Tract Pathogen, The J. of the American Board of Family Practice,17, 466-469 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rhorer et al, Efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine in children: a meta-analysis of nine randomized clinical trials, Vaccine, 27, 1101-1110(2009) @No $ @ @ Ebihara T., Endo R., Kikuta H., Ishiguro N., Ishiko H., Hara M. et al., Human metapneumovirus infection in Japanese children, J. Clin. Microbiol., 42, 126–132 (2004) @No $ @ @ Boivin G., Mackay I., Sloots T.P., Madhi S., Freymuth F., Wolf D., Shemer-Avni Y., Ludewick H. et al, Global genetic diversity of human metapneumovirus fusion gene, Emerg. Infect.Dis., 10 1154–1157 (2004) @No $ @ @ Lionel A. Mandell.  Etiologies of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 41, 503–6 (2005) @No $ @ @ Brenner IK, Castellani JW, Gabaree C, Young AJ, Zamecnik J, Shephard RJ, Shek PN, J Appl Physiol,  87(2), 699-710 (1999) @No $ @ @ von Linstow, M. L., J. Eugen-Olsen, A. Koch, T. N. Winther, H. Westh, and B. Hogh.. Excretion patters of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus among young children, Eur. J. Med. Res., 11, 329-335 (2006) @No 
<#LINE#>Awareness, Knowledge and Practice of Breast self examination among groups of Female nursing students, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia<#LINE#>Yakout@SaharM.,El-shatbyMoursy@AbeerM.,Moawad@Salma,Oleft@salem<#LINE#>58-63<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-252.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Maternity and Gynecologic Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, King Saud University, Egypt and SAUDI ARABIA @ Dept. of Medical surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, EGYPT & SAUDI ARABIA @ Dept. of Maternity and Child Health Nursing, College of Nursing, King Saud University, SAUDI ARABIA @ Dept. of Nursing Administration and Education, College of Nursing, Menofiya University, Egypt and King Saud University, SAUDI ARABIA <#LINE#>11/10/2013<#LINE#>19/11/2013<#LINE#>Breast cancer is the most common cancer spread worldwide, especially; in the Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA). It affected Saudi females for the past 12 consecutive years. Furthermore, it incidences increase in many countries.Breast cancer is a single leading cause of cancer death for women between 20 to 59 years of age. Due to this, it is posing a major public health concern.  The study aimed to assess awareness, knowledge and practice of nursing students regarding breast self examination (BSE) and evaluate the effect of one day workshop on student's performance level. A quasi experimental design was utilized in this study. A convenient sample of 50 students was chosen from college of nursing. Data was collected through structured questionnaire sheet. A pre-test performance technique established. Followed by,a lecturer of video training about BSE technique. Then, the sample was divided into 5 groups (each group 10 students) joined to the researchers to train them on BSE steps by using the Silicone Breast Model. Immediate and 3months post test were used to evaluate students manual skills of BSE technique on The Silicone Breast Model. The study revealed that, more than half of the total sample of the students had previous knowledge regarding BSE from their college curricula and seventy percent of the total sample did not practice BSE before. A significant correlation was found within pre, immediate and one month post in relation to all BSE steps, except that step, place pillow under shoulder. There is no significant relation between pre and immediate post test (p= .0026).The post-test results showed progress in overall performance, immediate and after 3 month. <#LINE#> @ @ Jemal A., Siegel R., Ward E., Murray T., Xu J., Smigal C., Thun M.J., Cancer statistics 2006, CA Cancer J Clin.,  56(2), 106-30 (2006) @No $ @ @ Groot M.T., Battussen R., Uyl-de Groot C.A. et al., Costs and health effects of breast cancer interventions in epidemiologically different regions of Africa, North America and Asia, Breast J 12, 81-90 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ocase newspaper, Mohammed Daood, 20 oct., No:2316.Gada (2007) @No $ @ @ Fry R.B., Prentice-Dunn S., Effects of a psychosocial intervention on breast self-examination attitudes and behaviors, Health Educ Res, 21, 287-295 (2006) @No $ @ @ Rosenberg R., Levy- Schwartz R., Breast cancer in women younger than 40 years, Int J FertilWomens Med, 48, 200-205 (2003) @No $ @ @ Okobia M.N., Bunker C.H. and Okonofua F.E. et al., Knowledge, attitude and practice of Nigerian women towards breast cancer, A cross-sectional study, World JSurg Oncol., 4(11), 16504034 (2006) @No $ @ @ Hackshaw A.K. and Paulo E.A., Breast self examination and death from breast cancer a Meta Analysis, Br J Cancer, 88, 1047-53 (2003) @No $ @ @ Plesnicar A., Kovac V. and Kralj B., Breast cancer and breast health awareness as an evolving health promotion concept, Radio Oncol, 38, 27-34 (2004) @No $ @ @ Larkin M., Breast self examination does more harm than good says task force, Lancet,357, 2109-2110 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ludwick R. and Gaczkowski S., Breast self-exams by teenagers, Cancer Nurs, 24, 315-319 (2001) @No $ @ @ Budden L., Young women's breast self-examination knowledge and practice, J Community Health Nurs, 12, 23-32 (1995) @No $ @ @ Hakama M., Pukkala E., Kallio M., Godenhjelm K. andSvinhufvud U., Effectiveness of screening for breast cancer in women under 50 years at entry: The Kokta Pilot Project in Finland, Int J Cancer,  63, 55-57 (1995) @No $ @ @ Thomas D.B., Gao D.L., Ray R.M., Wang W.W., Allison C.J., Chen F.L., Porter P., Hu Y.W., Zhao G.L., Pan L.D., Li W., Wu C., Coriaty Z., Evans I., Lin M.G., Stalsberg H. and Self S.G., Randomized trial of breast self-examination in Shanghai: final results, J Natl Cancer Inst., 94, 1445-1457 (2002) @No $ @ @ American Cancer Society: Breast Cancer Facts and Figures, 2011-2012 http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/ content/@ epidemiologysurveilance/documents/document/acspc-030975.pdf (2013) @No $ @ @ Siahpush M. and Sigh G.K., Sociodemographic variations in breast cancer screening behavior among Australian women: results from the 1995 National Health Survey, Prev Med., 35, 174-180 (2002) @No $ @ @ Levshin V., Fedichkina T. and Droggachih V., The experience breast cancer screening, (abstract), Eur J Cancer, 34, 95-96 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ministry of Health in Turkey: Control programme of breast cancer: Education on breast self examination, [http:// www.ukdk.org/pdf/kitap/27.pdf] (2006) @No $ @ @ Alsaif A.A., Breast self-examination among Saudi female nursing students in Saudi Arabia, Saudi Med J., 25, 1574-1578 (2004) @No $ @ @ Budden L., Student nurses' breast self-examination health beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and performance during the first year of a preregistration degree program, Cancer Nurs,22, 430-437 (1999) @No $ @ @ Milaat W.A., Knowledge of secondary-school female students on breast cancer and breast self-examination in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, East Mediterr Health J., 338-344 (2000) @No $ @ @ Parkin D.M., Cancer in developing countries, Trends in Cancer Incidence and Mortality Cancer Surveys; 19/20,519 – 555 (1994) @No $ @ @ World Health Organisation, Conquering Suffering, Enriching Humanity; The World Health Report.WHO Geneva; 22–39 (1997) @No $ @ @ Rao R.S.P., Nair S. and Nair N.S. et al., Acceptability and effectiveness of breast health awareness programme for rural women in India, India J Med Sci., 59, 398-402 (2005) @No $ @ @ Oluwole O.C., Awareness, knowledge and practice of breast –Self Examination amongst Female Health Workers in A Nigerian Community, Sudan, JMS, 3(2), 99-104 (2008) @No $ @ @ Al-Dubai S.A., Ganasegeran K., Alabasi A., Manaf M., Ijaz S. and Kassim S., Exploration of barriers to breast –Self Examination among Urban Women in Shah Alam, Malaysia: A cross Sectional study, Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 13, 1627-32 (2012) @No $ @ @ Al-Naggar R.A.,  Al-Naggar D.H., Bobryshev Y.V., Chen R. and Assabri A., Practice and barriers toward Breast Self Examination among Young Malaysian Women, Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 12, 1173-78 (2011) @No $ @ @ Alkasawneh I.M., Knowledge and practice of breast cancer screening among Jordanian nurses, OncolNurs Forum,34(6), 1211-17 (2007) @No $ @ @ Yousuf S.A., Breast Cancer Awareness among Saudi Nursing Students, JKAU:Med. Sci., 17(3), 67-78 (2010) @No $ @ @ Khatun A., Jittanoon P. and Boonyasopun U., The relationship between Breast Self Examination Efficacy and Breast Self Examination Practice among staff Nurses in Bangladesh, Master thesis, Faculty of Nursing, Prince of Songkla University (2010) @No $ @ @ Odusanya O.O. and Tayo O.O., Breast cancer knowledge, attitudes and practice among nurses in Lagos, Nigeria, ActaOncol., 40(7), 844-8 (2001) @No
<#LINE#>Social and Economic Auditing of Beekeeping in Uttara Kannada, India<#LINE#>B.S.@Poornima<#LINE#>64-66<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-253.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, INDIA<#LINE#>16/10/2013<#LINE#>29/11/2013<#LINE#>Social and economic auditing of beekeeping in Uttara Kannada conducted between May 2008 – May 2011, showed that all beekeepers practiced beekeeping with Apisceranaindica   and it is profitable as subsidiary industry. Most beekeepers of the study area acquired training in beekeeping from KVIC (57.97%), KVIB (3.9%) in collaboration with Beekeepers Co-operative Societies. NGO and trained beekeepers also played significant role in beekeeping training. The survey on the socio-economic aspects revealed that, 93% of beekeepers are happy with job satisfaction. 97.6% members of family liked beekeeping and 68% spouses participated in beekeeping. Only 3.6% beekeepers were involved in the preparation of value added products; 65.1% of beekeepers were not happy with loan facilities; and 80.7% of beekeepers were satisfied with marketing conditions. <#LINE#> @ @ Bhat P and Kolatker M.Technical Report No.124.Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (2011) @No $ @ @ Kaur B., Evaluation of selected training courses organized by Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Extension Education, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (India) (1998) @No $ @ @ Kumar P and Singh D., Beekeeper’s perception of problems of beekeeping, Punjab, IBJ., 64(1-2), 46-50 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kumar P. and Sing S., Status of Beekeeping in Ludhiana District of Punjab, IBJ, 64(3-4), 28-33 (2002) @No $ @ @ Farrar C.L., Productive management of honey bee colonies, Am. Bee J., 133(4), 261-263 (1993 d) @No $ @ @ Chhuneja P.K. and Gatoria G.S., Potential of beekeeping in Punjab, Prog.Fmg., 27,  6 (2000) @No $ @ @ Singh I.J. and Singh U.B., Economic aspects of Apismellifera beekeeping in Haryana, India, IBJ, 59(2), 88-90 (1997) @No $ @ @ Goyal N.P. and Jhajj H.S., Establishment of exotic honey bee,  Apismellifera Linn. In the Punjab, IBJ, 40, 40-43 (1981) @No $ @ @ Ramachandra T.V. Subash Chandran M.D., Joshi N.V., Balachandran C., Beekeeping: Sustainable Livelihood Option in Uttara Kannada, Central Western Ghats; ENVIS Technical Report: 49 (2012) @No $ @ @ Singh G., Present status and future of marketing of Indian Honey in domestic and international market, Proc.Conf.Forest based industries, Pune 40-41 (2008) @No 
<#LINE#>Determination of Crude Oil Degradation Efficiency of Glass Biofilm of Isolated Bacterium and Fungus<#LINE#>T.T.@Das,H.R.@Gohel,M.R.@Panchal,S.K.@Ghosh,V.J.@Braganza<#LINE#>67-69<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-264.pdf<#LINE#>Loyola Centre for Research and Development, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, INDIA @ St. Xavier’s College, Nr. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad. Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>23/10/2013<#LINE#>1/12/2013<#LINE#>The natural ecosystem has greatly affected by the spills of crude and refined oils from various oil refineries. Different physical, chemical and biochemical techniques have been applied to degrade the crude oils spills. One of such technique is use of biofilm of oil degrading microbes. The present work has focused on the use of biofilms as a mean to degrade crude oil due to some of its property which makes its more advantageous then the planktonic cells. In this experiment, microbes having potential to degrade crude oil were isolated and biofilms of these microbes were prepared on glass matrix. These films were utilized for determination of their crude oil degradation efficiency. Not only this, phase contrast microscopic analysis was carried out to determine the biofilm consistency on glass matrix, before and after degradation study. Results of the study have shown that among the isolated microbes, Bacilli has maximum potential to make a firm biofilm with glass as compare to fungal spp. In addition to that, it also has great potential to degrade 90.0% of crude oil within 22hrs.  <#LINE#> @ @ Aguilera F., Méndez J., Pásaro E. and Laffon B., Review on the effects of exposure to spilled oils on human health, Journal of applied toxicology,30, 291-301 (2010) @No $ @ @ Dave D. and Ghaly A.E., Remediation Technologies for Marine Oil Spills: A Critical Review and Comparative Analysis, American Journal of Environmental Sciences,, 423-440 (2011) @No $ @ @ Uzoamaka G.O., Floretta T. and Florence M.O., Hydrocarbon Degradation Potentials of Indigenous Fungal isolates from petrolwum Contaminated Soils, Jounral of physical and natural Sciences,, 1-6 (2009) @No $ @ @ Turner M., Review of Offshore Oil-spill Prevention and Remediation Requirements and Practices in Newfoundland and Labrador (2010) @No $ @ @ Maruthi Y.A., Hossain K. and Thakre S., Aspergillus flavus: A potential Bioremediator for oil contaminated soils Abstract: European Journal of Sustainable Development,, 57-66 (2013) @No $ @ @ Lotfinasabasl S., Gunale V.R. and Rajurkar N.S., Assessment of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation from Soil and Tarball by Fungi, Bioscience Discovery,, 186-192 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kokare C.R., Chakraborty S., Khopade A.N. and Mahadik K.R., Biofilm: Importance and applications, Indian Journal of Biotechnology,, 159-168 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kearns D.B., Chu F., Branda S.S., Kolter R. and Losick R., A master regulator for biofilm formation by Bacillus subtilis, Molecular microbiology,55, 739-49 (2005) @No $ @ @ Prakash B., Veeregowda B.M. and Krishnappa G., Biofilms: A survival strategy of bacteria, Current Science,85, 1299-1307 (2003) @No $ @ @ Orsod M., Joseph M. and Huyop F., Characterization of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Bacillus cereus and Brachybacterium sp . Isolated from Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer), Malasian Journal of Microbiology,, 170-174(2012) @No $ @ @ Vijayabaskar P., Babinastarlin S., Shankar T., Sivakumar T. and Anandapandian K.T.K., Quantification and Characterization of Exopolysaccharides from Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 121), Advances in biological Research,, 71-76 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sutherland I.W., Biofilm exopolysaccharides: a strong and sticky framework, Microbiology,147, 3-9 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kwon K.K. et al., Isolation and Identification of Biofilm-Forming Marine Bacteria on Glass Surfaces in Dae-Ho Dike, Korea, The Jounral of Microbiology, 40, 260-266 (2002) @No 
<#LINE#>Bioconversion of Municipal Solid Waste by the Earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg)<#LINE#>Sriramulu@Ananthakrishnasamy,Gunasekaran@Govindarajan<#LINE#>70-73<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-276.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>31/10/2013<#LINE#>1/12/2013<#LINE#>Rapid urbanization, industrialization and agricultural practices have led to dumping of organic solid wastes caused a serious threat to the environment. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to convert the municipal solid waste (MSW) into manure by the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae under laboratory conditions. The experimental media were prepared on dry weight basis by mixing the municipal solid waste and bedding material (BM);  E– 20% BM + 80% MSW,  – 40% BM + 60% MSW, E – 60% BM + 40% MSW, E – 80% BM + 20% MSW, controls (BM alone – C) were also maintained. The growth rate (biomass) and reproduction (number of cocoons and number hatchlings) of E. eugeniae was increased in all experimental media BM + MSW mixtures (E – E) and control (C). The result showed that the unutilized and enormously available MSW can be vermicomposted into valuable organic manure that can be utilized for sustainable agriculture. <#LINE#> @ @ Alok B., Management of kitchen waste material through vermicomposting, Asian Journal of Experimental Biol. Sci.,1(1), 175–177 (2010) @No $ @ @ Loehr R.C., Neuhauser E.F. and Maleck M.R., Factors affecting the vermistabilization process - temperature, moisture content and polyculture, Water Res.,19, 1311–1317 (1985) @No $ @ @ Chaudhuri P.S., Bhattacharajee G. and Dey S.K., Chemical changes during vermicomposting (Perionyx excavatus) of Kitchen wastes, Trop. Ecol., 41 107–110 (2000) @No $ @ @ Loh T.C., Lee Y.C., Liang L.B. and Tan D., Vermicomposting of cattle and goat manures by Eisenia fetida and their growth and reproduction preference, Bioresour. Technol.,9, 111–114 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gupta D.K., Tripati R.D., Rai V.N., Dwivedi S., Mishra S., Srivatsava S. and Inouhe M., Changes in amino acid profile and metal content in seeds of Cicer arietinum L. (Chickpea) had grown under various flyash amendments, Chemosphere,65, 939–945 (2006) @No $ @ @ Aira M. and Dominguez J., Optimizing vermicomposting of animal wastes, Effects of rate of manure application on carbon loss and microbial stabilization, J. Environ. Manag., 88, 1525–1529 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ananthakrishnasamy S., Manimegala G., Sarojini S., Gunasekaran G.  and Parthasarathi K.,  Growth and reproduction of earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae in bagasse: A sugar industrial waste, J. Appl. Zool. Res.,18(2), 149–155 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kale R.D. and Bano K., Time and space relative population growth of Eudrilus eugeniae (Veeresh G.K., Rajagopal D. and Viraktamath C.A., Eds), Oxford and IBH Publ.Co. Pvt. Ltd., 659–665 (1991) @No $ @ @ Neuhauser E.E., Kaplan D.L. and Hartenstein R., Life history of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg), Rev. Ecol. Biol. Soil.,16, 525–534 (1979) @No $ @ @ Viljoen S.A. and Reinecke A.J., The life cycle and reproduction of Eudrilus eugeniae under controlled environmental conditions, Mitt Hamb. Zool. Mus. Int., 89, 149–157 (1994) @No $ @ @ Reinecke A.J., Viljoen S.A. and Saayman R.J., The suitability of Eudrilus eugeniae, Perionyx excavatus and Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta) for vermicomposting in Southern Africa in terms of their temperature requirements, Soil Biol. Biochem.,24, 1295–1307 (1992) @No $ @ @ Senapati B.K. and Sahu S.K., Reproductive biology (cocoon morphology, life cycle pattern and life table analysis) in earthworms; in Earthworm resources and vermiculture (Zoological Survey of India), 79–96 (1993) @No $ @ @ Edwards C.A. and Bohlen P.J., Biology and Ecology of Earthworms, (3rd Ed). Chapman and Hall, London (1996) @No $ @ @ Suthar S., Influence of different food sources on growth and reproduction performance of composting epigeics: Eudrilus eugeniae, Perionyx excavatus and Perionyx sansibaricus.Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res., 5(2), 79–92 (2007c) @No $ @ @ Padmavathiamma K. Loretta Y. Li. and Usha R. Kumari., An experimental study of vermi – biowaste composting for agricultural soil improvement, Bioresour. Technol.,99,1672–1681 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kaur A., Singh J., Vig A.P., Dhaliwal S.S. and Rup P.J., Cocomposting with and without Eisenia fetida for conversion of toxic paper mill sludge to a soil conditioner, Bioresour. Technol.,101, 8192-8198 (2010) @No 
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>The Effects of Oral Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) on Mouse Sperms<#LINE#>Hafezi@Mahta<#LINE#>74-75<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-196.pdf<#LINE#> Department Of Biology, College of Science, Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, IRAN <#LINE#>6/8/2013<#LINE#>21/10/2013<#LINE#>Methyl Tert_Butyl Ether (MTBE) is an organic oxygenated compound for decreasing Carbon Monoxide emissions during combustion. In this research, the effect of MTBE on the NMRI mice sperm was studied, MTBE was administered to mice at dose levels of 1600 mg/kg/day. After two weeks of treatment, the mice were anesthetize, and their testes and epididymis were removed. Their  epididymal ducts were dissected, then the sperms were studied. No Significant changes were observed in the number of sperms, but sperms` viability had been decreased significantly .This experiment indicates that, relatively high dose of MTBE can exert toxicity on cells in the mouse sperms. <#LINE#> @ @ Hazardous Substance Data Bank (HSDB), t-Butyl Methyl Ether, Bethesda, Maryland : Nationallibrary of Medicine (NLM), National Toxicology program (NTP) (1997) @No $ @ @ Lewis R.J., Methyl – tert – Butyl Ether (MTBE) . Hawleys condensed chemical dictionary, 12thed. New York, van Nostrand Rein hold co., 760 (1993) @No $ @ @ Pozzi  R.,  Pinelli  P.F., Bocchini  P. and Galleti  G.C., Rapid determination of MTBE using dynamic head space, Ion mobility spectrometry,Analytica Chemica Acta., 504(2,23), 313-317 (2004) @No $ @ @ Inter agency assessment, Washington, DC, National science and Technology council, 2-56  (1997) @No $ @ @ Mackay D. and Wan Y.S., Illustrated hand book of physical – chemical properties and environment fate for organic chemical, volatile organic chemicals, Boca Rotan, FL: Lewis publisher, 3 (1993) @No $ @ @ Environmental Canada. Canadian environmental protection act priority substances list supporting document, Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE), january. Ottawa, Canada, Canada communication grouppublisher, GoVerment of Canada,28 (1993) @No $ @ @ Borden  R.C., Black D.C., MCB life, K.V. MTBE and aromatic hydrocarbons in north Carolina storm water runoff. Environmental pollution, 118(1),141(2002) @No $ @ @ Jacobs J.,  MTBE : effects on soil and ground water resources, 24 (2001) @No $ @ @ Chun J.S., Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether ,Vapor inhalation on cogenicity study in fischer 334 rates, Bushy Run center, Export Pennsylvania, project  No. 91Noo 13B (1992) @No $ @ @ Ghasemi  J., Noroozi  M., Mohebi  M.A. and et al., A general  view to the  Methyl  tert - Butyl Ether  (MTBE), Chemistry Department, Razi university, Kermanshah, Iran, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (2005) @No $ @ @ Rezazadeh M.,  Intera cytoplasmic injection,Tehran Boshra publisher (2002) @No $ @ @ Hafezi M., Effect of oral MTBE on the male mouse reproductive system, World A cademy ofscience, Engineering and Tecnology, 60 (2009) @No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Effect of Dalk Layyain (Soft Massage) with Roughan Zaitun (Olive Oil) in Low Back Pain<#LINE#>Iqbal@Arshid,Mudasir@Khazir,Tabassum@Humyra<#LINE#>76-77<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-258.pdf<#LINE#>Dept of Moalejat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine Bangalore-91, INDIA @ Dept of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National institute of Unani Medicine Bangalore-91, INDIA <#LINE#>19/10/2013<#LINE#>25/11/2013<#LINE#>Waja uz zahr (Low back pain) manifests as most expensive disease in the productive years. Any part of the back may ache; but the commonest site is the lower back that is, lumbar and lumbosacral region. The present preliminary study was an observational, self-comparison study carried out at the department of Moalajat (medicine) in National Institute of Unani Medicine (NIUM), Bangalore. A total of 25 patients of both sex, above the 18 years and below 70 years of age, giving the history of low back pain were selected for the trial. A total of 8 sittings of Dalk were scheduled over three weeks. For the first week, sitting schedule was on alternate day and twice a week for subsequent two weeks. Approximately 20 ml of Raughan (Oil) was used, and duration was kept 15-20 minutes for each sitting. The assessment of outcome was carried out by Clinical assessments based on an arbitrary grading system and VAS. In this trial, Dalk layyain with raughan zaitun was found effective in relieving symptoms of waja uz zahr. So it can be concluded that Dalk Layyain with Raughan Zaitun may be an effective regime in the management of Waja uz Zahr.<#LINE#> @ @ Jurjani I., Zakheera Khawazam Shahi,(Urdu translation by Khan HH), Munshi Naval Kishore, Lucknow, 6, 635,636 (1903) @No $ @ @ HOY D, Brooks P, Blyth F, Buchbinder R., The epidemiology of Low back pain, best practice and research clinical rheumatology, Elsevier,24, 769-781(2010) @No $ @ @ Punnet L, Pruss-Ustin A, Nelson DI, Fingerhut MA, Leigh J, Tak S, Phillips S., Estimating the global burden of low back pain attributable to combined occupational exposures, American journal of industrial medicine, 48(6), 459-69 (2005) @No $ @ @ Razi., Al Havi Fit Tibb. (Urdu translation by CCRUM) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of Indai, New Delhi, 11, 75- 85 (1997) @No $ @ @ Sina I., Kulliyate Qanoon (Tarjuma wa Sharah by Kabeeruddin M), Sheikh Basheer and Sons Publications Lahore, Pakistan, 150-154, 378-381(1930) @No