@Research Paper
<#LINE#>The Relationship between Thinking Style and Gender in High School Students<#LINE#>Saideh@Masafi,Omid@Rezaei,Nazanin@Najafi,Hadis@Hoseynzade,Katayoun@Tehranchi<#LINE#>1-4<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-10.pdf<#LINE#>Department of psychology, Kish International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish, IRAN @ M D Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IRAN. <#LINE#>7/1/2014<#LINE#>31/4/2014<#LINE#>  Various researches show that thinking style is correlated with creativity, problem-solving, decision-making, educational and vocational advancement and different elements such as gender could affect the thinking style. Thus, this correlation research aimed to study the relationship between thinking style and gender. All the male and female students of district 13 of Tehran were taken as statistical universe. The sampling method was cluster sampling. The sample was composed of 200 students (100 males and 100 females). The Sternberg-Wagner inventory was used including five thinking style: Legislative, Judicative, Executive, Introspective and Extra tensive. The data was analyzed by SPSS software and Independent T-Test was used to compare the males and females mean. Given the findings of this research the males’ mean of legislative thinking style (T =3.47, df=198) and Introspective thinking style (T=3.06, df=198) was more than those of females and this difference was significant while the females mean in judicative, executive and extra tensive thinking style was more than those of males and this difference was significant in 2styles : judicative (T=5.36, df=198) and extra tensive (T=3.2, df=198) with p0.05 but  difference was not significant in executive thinking style (T=2.03,df=198). <#LINE#> @ @ Zhang LF., Revisiting the predictive power of thinking styles for academic performance, Journal of Psychology :Interdisciplinary and Applied, 138(4), 351-370 (2004) @No $ @ @ Zhang LF and Sternberg RJ, Are learning approaches and thinking styles related?, A study in two Chinese populations, Journal of Psychology, 134(5), 469-489(2000) @No $ @ @ Sternberg RJ, Thinking styles, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, (1997) @No $ @ @ De Bono E., Six Thinking Hat for schools, Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia,(2004) @No $ @ @ Atkinson S.A, Comparison of pupil learning and achievement in computer aided learning and traditionally taught situations with special reference to cognitive style and gender issues, Educational Psychology, 24(5), 659-679 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sternberg RJ and Grigorenko EL, Styles of thinking in school, European Journal for High Ability, 6(2), 1-18 (1995) @No $ @ @ Zhang LF., Thinking styles : Their relationships with modes of thinking and academic performance, Educational Psychology, 22(3), 331-348 (2002) @No $ @ @ Demirbas OO and Demirkan H, Learning styles of design students and the relationship of academic performance and gender in design education, Learning and Instruction, 17(3), 345-359 (2007) @No $ @ @ Abdollahpour MA, Kadivar P and Abdollahi MH, Relationships between cognitive styles, cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies with academic achievement, Psychological Research, 8(3-4), 30-44 (2006) @No $ @ @ Shokri O, Kadivar P, Farzad V and Sangari AA, Role of personality traits and learning approaches on academic achievement of university students, Psychological Research 9(3-4), 65-84 (2007) @No $ @ @ Emamipoor S. and Seyf A.A., Revolutional examination of thinking styles in students and scholars, and their relationship with creativity and academic success, Journal of educational Innovation, 3, (2004) @No $ @ @ Vakili Z, Mohamad AR and Vakili MA., A Quantitative Study of Quality of Life (QOL) on Postgraduate Students in Universiti Sains Malaysia, Caspian Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 1(7), 28-32 (2012) @No $ @ @ Yaghoobi Sh and Yarahmadi A, The Relation between Use of Meta-Cognitive Awareness in L2 Reading and Motivation among Undergraduate Students, Caspian Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2(3), 57-64 (2013) @No $ @ @ Paradise LV and Block C, The relationship of teacher C student cognitive style to academic achievement, Journal of Research and Development in Education, 17(4), 57-61 (1984) @No $ @ @ Hijazi H, Comparing online and classroom students with the Kolb Learning Styles Inventory, Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 69 (12-A), 4653 (2009) @No $ @ @ Grigorenko EL and Sternberg RJ, Styles of thinking, abilities, and academic performance, Exceptional Children, 63 (3), 295-312 (1997) @No  
<#LINE#>A Survey on the Performance of Hospitals of Qazvin Province by the Pabon Lasso Model<#LINE#>Rafat@Mohebbifar,Sokhanvar@Mobin,Hasanpoor@Edris,Isfahani@HalehMousavi,Ziaiifar@Hajarbibi,Kakemam@Edris,Mohseni@Mohammad<#LINE#>5-9<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-307.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Health Management, School of Health , Qazvin University of  Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IRAN @ Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN @ School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IRAN @ Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IRAN @ School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN @ Hospital Management Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IRAN @ Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IRA<#LINE#>17/12/2013<#LINE#>24/9/2014<#LINE#>  Significant advances in knowledge and technology, and also enhanced level of awareness in people have increased the need to ideal-quality services. In addition, since hospital expenses are high, monitoring hospitals’ efficiency in offering services is of much importance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of hospitals of Qazvin Province using Pabon Lasso Model. This descriptive, analytical and applied study was conducted in 2013 and all the eleven hospitals of Qazvin province selected by census sampling. Required data related to four consecutive years (2009-2012) were analysed by using SPSS-20 software after being collected. Fisher’s test has been used to determine independency of variables. The results of the studies showed that average rate of bed occupancy, bed turnover rate and length of stay for the studied hospitals were 82.32, 69.04, and 4.2 respectively. Finally after drawing Pabon Lasso diagram, it was found that 0% of hospitals are in the first area, 9% in the second, 82% in the third, and 9% in the fourth area of Pabon Lasso diagram. Fisher’s exact test indicated that significance level of independency test between the type of the hospital ownership and hospital efficiency is 0.77, and between the type of specialized services of the hospital and its efficiency is 0.76.Despite the obtained results (placing of 82% of hospitals in the third area (the ideal area)), it should be stated that during the studied years, no significant change has been observed in the performance of the studied hospitals regarding improving their efficiency (moving toward northeast of the diagram).For this reason, it is expected that in order to find the underlying reasons of this lack of improvement and also to plan for more advances in future years, some essential actions should be taken. <#LINE#> @ @ Groene O. and Garcia-Barbero M., Health promotion in hospitals: evidence and quality management: WHO Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen, (2005) @No $ @ @ Jakab M, Harding A, Preker A and Hawkins L., Module on Organisational Reform and Management of Public Providers : Focus on Hospitals. Washington, The World Bank, (2000) @No $ @ @ Mills A. and Colclough C., Improving the efficiency of public sector health services in developing countries : Bureaucratic versus market approaches, Marketizing education and health in developing countries : Miracle or mirage, 245-74, (1997) @No $ @ @ Hanson K., Atuyambe L., Kamwanga J., McPake B., Mungule O. and Ssengooba F., Towards improving hospital performance in Uganda and Zambia : Reflections and opportunities for autonomy, Health policy,61(1), 73-94 (2002) @No $ @ @ Worthington A.C., Frontier efficiency measurement in health care : A review of empirical techniques and selected applications, Med Care Res Rev,61(2), 135-70 (2004) @No $ @ @ Akashi H., Yamada T., Huot E., Kanal K. and Sugimoto T, User fees at a public hospital in Cambodia : Effects on hospital performance and provider attitudes, Soc Sci Med,58(3), 553-64 (2004) @No $ @ @ Shadpour K., Health sector reform in Islamic Republic of Iran, Hakim Res J,9(3), 1-18 (2006) @No $ @ @ Farzandipour M. and Rangraz Jeddi F., How often do the managers use the statistics for hospital management?, KAUMS Journal (FEYZ),7(3), 92-8 (2003) @No $ @ @ Barnum H. and Kutzin J., Public hospitals in developing countries: resource use, cost, financing : Johns Hopkins University Press, (1993) @No $ @ @ Ajlouni M., Zyoud A., Jaber B., Shaheen H., Al-Natour M. and Anshasi R.J., The Relative Efficiency of Jordanian Public Hospitals Using Data Envelopment Analysis and Pabon Lasso Diagram, Global Journal of Business Research (GJBR), 7(2), 59-72 (203)@No $ @ @  Rao DP., O'Donnell C.J., Battese G.E. and Coelli T.J., An introduction to efficiency and productivity analysis : Springer, (2005) @No $ @ @ Roberts M, Hsiao W, Berman P and Reich M, Getting health reform right : A guide to improving performance and equity : Oxford university press, (2003) @No $ @ @ Mahapatra P. and Berman P., Using hospital activity indicators to evaluate performance in Andhra Pradesh, India. Int J Health Plan M,9(2), 199-211 (1994) @No $ @ @ Hibbard J.H., Stockard J. and Tusler M., Does publicizing hospital performance stimulate quality improvement efforts?, Health Affair,22(2), 84-94, (2003) @No $ @ @ Mohammadkarim B., Jamil S., Pejman H., Seyyed M.H. and Mostafa N., Combining multiple indicators to assess hospital performance in Iran using the Pabon Lasso Model,  Australas Med J,4(4), 175 (2011) @No $ @ @ Asefzadeh S., Hospital's management and research. 3, editor. Qazvin: Hadiseemrouz, 455 (2007) @No $ @ @ Barati Marnani A, Sadeghifar J., Pourmohammadi K., Mostafaie D., Abolhalaj M. and Bastani P., Performance assessment indicators : How DEA and Pabon Lasso describe Iranian hospitalsperformance, Health MED, 791(2012) @No $ @ @ Pabón Lasso H, Evaluating hospital performance through simultaneous application of several indicators, Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO),20(4), 341-57 (1986) @No $ @ @ Goshtasebi A., Vahdaninia M., Gorgipour R., Samanpour A., Maftoon F. and Farzadi F. et al., Assessing hospital performance by the Pabon Lasso Model, Iran  J  Public Health,38(2) (2009) @No $ @ @ Motaghi M., Gholizade L., Ahmadi A.M. and Delgoshaei B., Comparison of Efficiency in Kashan Medical Science University Hospitals, Using Indicators of Hospital Efficiency, J. Basic Appl. Sci. Res, 2010-2011,2(12),12417-25 (2012) @No  
<#LINE#>Impact of Pollutional Load on Ichthyo Faunal Diversity of Mathabhannga River At-Chuadanga District in Bangladesh<#LINE#>BiswasBidhan@Chandra,AshisKumar@Panigrahi<#LINE#>10-15<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-89.pdf<#LINE#> Fisheries and Aquaculture extension Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, Nadia, WB, INDIA <#LINE#>14/4/2014<#LINE#>24/6/2014<#LINE#>  Mathabhanga is the main river of the southwestern part of Bangladesh which plays big role in the supply of fresh water. The river has a great contribution in sociological, economical and environmental aspects. Most of the urban developments are established on the bank of the river and the inhabitants of the riverside areas are largely depending on the productivity of the river. But unfortunately river ecosystem is seriously degraded by anthropogenic activities over the past two or three decades.  Large amount of domestic and agricultural wastes, industrial waste were deposited in the river basin, resulting the deterioration of water quality affected directly the productivity of the river ecosystem.  Excess use of fertilizer and pesticides in agricultural field in order to cope up the crop yield mainly in irrigation and vegetable cultivation ultimately find its destination in natural water like rivers and lakes increase the nutrient concentration and heavy metal infestation in  in aquatic environment. Excessive nutrients in water causes the overgrowth of plankton and aquatic plants causes the depletion of oxygen in water responsible for fish kills. Attempts were made to deal with the availability of fishes and to assess the negative impact of pollutants on riverine ecosystem. <#LINE#> @ @ Bhalerao S.N.H., Study of fish diversity and water quality at Kasar Sai Dam, Hunjewardi, Pune, MS, India, Int.,Research journal of Biological sciences, (4), 51-55 (2012) @No $ @ @ DOF, Fish Fortnight souvenir, Department of Fisheries(DOF), Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 152,  (2005) @No $ @ @ DoE, The general overview of pollution status of rivers of Bangladesh, Department of Environment, Bangladesh (2001) @No $ @ @  Quadros Goldin and Athaly, R.P., Decline of fish diversity in the anthropogenically polluted Thane creek along the central west coast of India, Int. Res. J.of Biological Sci.,1(4), 17-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shidamallayya N. and Pratima M., Impact of domestic sewage on fresh water body, J. of env.Biol. 29(1), 303-308 (2012) @No $ @ @ Patil S.G., Chonde S.G., Yadhav A.S. 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New Delhi, Calcutta (1991) @No $ @ @ Rahman A.K.A., Fresh water fishes of Bangladesh, 2ndedition. The Zoological society of Bangladesh, Department of Zoology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, 394 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bhuiyan A.L., Fishes of Dacca Asiatic Society of Pakistan, Dacca, 148 (1964) @No $ @ @ Bhurguva D.S., Full proof pollution control of Indian rives, Indian J. Eng.. Matter.Sci.,5(4),162-166 (1998) @No $ @ @ Bhaumik U., Das P. and Paria T., Impact of plankton structure on primary productivity in two beels of west Bengal, India, Bangladesh, Journal of Fisheries Research, 10(1), 01-11 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kumar Praveen G.N. and Sumangala K Bhatt, Fungal degradation of Azody-Red3BN and optimization of physiochemical parameters, ISCA Int. Res. J..of Biological sci,44(2),17-24(2012) @No $ @ @ Kothandaraman V., Thergaonkar V.P., Koskij T. and Ganapati S.V., Physico-chemical and biochemical aspects of Ahmadabad sewage, environ.HLTH., , 356-363 (1963) @No $ @ @ Nwajei G.E.I., Obi-Lyeke G.E.Z. and Okwagi P., Distribution of selected trace metals in fish parts from the river Nigeria, Research J. of recent Sci,1(1), 81-84 (2012) @No $ @ @ Suravi Islam, M.S., Ali M.A., Megla N.T. and Sultan N., Seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters of water in Pungli River,Tangail,Bangladesh, Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App.Sci.,2(5), 55-167 (2013) @No $ @ @ Matkar M.S.and Gangotri M.S., Physicochemical analysis of sugar industrial effluents, J. 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<#LINE#>Distribution of Iron content in Urban Groundwater, Southeastern Brazzzaville, Congo<#LINE#>A.C.@MassoumouMassolola,L.@Matini,C.J.@Morabandza ,J.M.@Moutou<#LINE#>16-23<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-102.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Exact Sciences, E.N.S, University Marien Ngouabi, P.O. Box 69 Brazzaville, R CONGO @ Department of Natural Sciences, E.N.S, University Marien Ngouabi, P.O. Box 69 Brazzaville, CONGO <#LINE#>24/4/2014<#LINE#>6/10/2014<#LINE#>  Iron content associated with pH values and temperature of groundwater samples has been assessed in rainy (March 2013) and dry (July 2013) seasons in this study using standards methods. The mean variance skewness and kurtosis of pH and iron content were calculated and show that they exhibit an asymmetric distribution which characterizes a non-uniform distribution. This suggests that many chemical processes could control the groundwater quality. The mean of pH values (4.07±0.91 in rainy season and 5.08±0.86 in dry season) characterizes an acidic nature of the groundwater. The iron contents in some groundwater samples higher than 0.3 mg/L can be considered as contributors to deteriorating groundwater quality from both natural and anthropogenic sources. In view of these features, regular monitoring of groundwater quality in the study area is required to protect people against polluted groundwater. <#LINE#> @ @ Giordano M., Global groundwater?, Issues and solutions, Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour,34, 153–178 (2009) @No $ @ @ Siebert S.,BurkeJ., Faures J.M.,FrenkenK.,HoogeveenJ.,Döll P. and Portmann F.T., Groundwater use for Irrigation-a global inventory, Hydrol. Earth Syst. 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<#LINE#>In Vitro Determination of Efficacy of Contaf on the Mycelial Growth of Fusarium Solani, Curvularia Clavata and Trichoderma Aureoviride<#LINE#>R.@Sneha,K.@SatyaPrasad<#LINE#>24-28<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-218.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana state, INDIA<#LINE#>2/10/2014<#LINE#>8/11/2014<#LINE#>  In vitro efficacy of the systemic fungicide Contaf (Hexaconazole 5 EC) was evaluated at different concentrations i.e., 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm against the fungi Fusarium solani, Curvularia clavata and Trichoderma aureoviride. Increase in the concentration of fungicide lead to the decrease in the mycelial growth of the fungi. At 200 ppm concentration, all the fungi showed drastic growth inhibition. The maximum growth inhibition was showed by Curvularia clavata followed by Trichoderma aureoviride and Fusarium solani. <#LINE#> @ @ Bajwa R., Khalid A. and Cheema T.S., Antifungal activity of allelopathic plant extracts. III. Growth response of some pathogenic fungi to aqueous extract of Parthenium hysterophorus, Pakistan Journal of Plant Pathol., ,145-156, (2003) @No $ @ @ Agrios G.N., Plant Pathology, Academic press, London. Arnason J T Philogene B J R, Morand P (Eds. ),1989, ACS Symposium Series, 387, (2000) @No $ @ @ Webster J.P.G., Bowles R.G. and Williams N.T., Estimating the Economic Benefits of Alternative Pesticide Usage Scenarios: Wheat Production in the United Kingdom, Crop Production, 18, 83 (1999) @No $ @ @ Agnihotri N P., Pesticide: Safety Evaluation and Monitoring. All India coordinated project (AICRP) on Pesticide Residues, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India, 132-142, (1999) @No $ @ @ Nene Y.L. and Thaplial, Fungicides in plant diseases control (3rd Ed) Oxford and IBH publishing company Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 94-101, 175-190 (1993) @No $ @ @ Sindhan G.S., Hooda I., Parashar R.D. and Hooda I., Effect of some plant extracts against on the vegetative growth of root rot causing fungi, Journal of Mycol. Plant Pathol., 29, 110-111 (1999) @No $ @ @ Vincent J.M., Distorstion of fungal hyphae in the presence of certain inhibitors, Nature, 159, 850 (1947) @No $ @ @ Islam M.S., Ali M. and Rahman S., In vitro studies on the fungicidal effect on Trichoderma species in tea plantation, Bangladesh Journal of Agril. Res., 36(4) 677-683 (2011) @No $ @ @ Taskeen-Un-Nisa, Wani A.H., Bhat M.Y., Pala S.A. and Mir R.A., In vitro inhibitory effect of fungicides and botanicals on mycelia growth and spore germination of Fusariumoxysporum,Journal of Biopesticides, 4(1), 53-56 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mesterhazy A., Bartok T., Lamper C., Influence of wheat cultivar, species of Fusarium, and isolate agressiveness on the effciancy of fungicides for control of Fusariumhead blight, Plant Dis.,87,1107-1115 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rachappa L., Lingappa S., and Patil R.K., Effect of Agrochemicals on growth and sporulation of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, Karnataka Journal ofAgricultural Sciences, 20(2), 410-413 (2007) @No $ @ @ Soumik S., Pradeepa N., Ajay D., Angusamy B. and Robert P., The in vitro effect of certain fungicides, insecticides and bio pesticides on mycelial growth in the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum, Turk. Journal of Biol., 34, 399-403 (2010) @No $ @ @ Morang P., Dutta B.K. and Dileep Kumar B.S., Efficacy of Systemic fungicides against brown root rot fomeslamoensis) disease of tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) in vitro and in nursery condition, World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(3), 316-321 (2012) @No $ @ @ Jamadar M.M. and Lingaraju S., In vitro evaluation of fungicides, botanicals and bio agents against Elsinoe ampelina -An incitant of anthracnose of grapevine, Karnataka Journal of Agri.Sciences,24(2), 146-148 (2011) @No $ @ @ Singh N.I., Tombisana Devi R.K., Pramodevi P., Effect of fungicides on growth and sporulation of Fusarium solani, Indian Phytopath., 53(3), 327-328 (2000) @No $ @ @ Tiwari R. K. S. and Sing A., Efficacy of fungicides on Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii and their effect on Trichoderma harzianum and Rhizobium leguminosarum, J. Mycol.Pl. Pathol., 34, 482-484 (2004) @No $ @ @  Abdel-Mallek A.Y., Mazen M.B., Allam A.D. and Hashem M., Specific responses of some phytopathogenic fungi to fungicides, Czech Mycology, 50(1) , 35-44 (1997) @No $ @ @ Abdel- Malek A.Y., Abdel-Kader M.I.A. and Shonkeir A.M.A., Selective effect of the fungicide copper  oxychloride on fungal flora, respiration and decay of some organic matters in soil, Sohag pure and Applied Bulletin, Faculty of Science, Assuit University, ,169-180 (1992) @No $ @ @ Smit Z.A., Petrov M. and Sevar M.J., Assesment of fungicides effect on Fusarium species associated with carnation production, Acta Holticulturae, (ISHS) 246, 295-298 (1989) @No $ @ @ Allen T.W., Enebak S.A. and Carey W.A., Evaluation of fungicides for control of species of Fusarium on longleaf pine seed, Crop Protection, 23, 979-982 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ranganathswamy M., Patibanda A.K., Chandrashekhar G.S., Sandeep D., Mallesh S.B. and Kumar H.B.H., Compatibility of Trichoderma isolates with selected fungicides in vitro, International Journal Plant protect., 5(1), 12-15 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sumangala K., Patil M.B., Nargund V.B. and Ramegowda G., Evaluation of fungicides, botanicals and bio-agents against Curvularia lunata, a causal agent of grain discoloration in rice, Journal of Plant Dis. Sci., 3(2), 159-164 (2008) @No $ @ @ Naik M.K., Madhukar H.M. and Devika Rani G.S., Evaluation of fungicides against Fusariumsolani, the causal agent of wilt of chilli, Veg. Sci.,34(2),173-176 (2007) @No $ @ @ Dar W.A., Beig M.A., Ganie S.A., Bhat J.A., Shabir-u-Rehman and Razvi S.M., In Vitro study of fungicides and bio control agents against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pinicausing root rot of Western Himalayan fir (Abies pindrow), Scientific Research and Essays, 8(30), 1407-1412 (2013) @No $ @ @ Thoudam R., Dutta B.K., Compatibility of Trichoderma atroviride with fungicides against black rot disease of tea: An In vitro study, Journal of Int. Academic Research forMultidisciplinary,2(2), 25-33 (2014) @No $ @ @ Das S.N., Sarma T.C. and Tapadar S.A., In vitroevaluation of fungicides and two species of Trichodermaagainst Phomopsis vexans causing fruit rot of brinjal Solanum melongena L.) , Int. J. Scientific and Research publications,4(9), 1-3 (2014) @No  
<#LINE#>Effect of Three Commonly Used Insecticides on Histomorphology and Histochemistry of ovary of an Earthworm Eudichogaster Kinneari (Stephenson)<#LINE#>Leena@Lakhani<#LINE#>29-36<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-173.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, Govt. Girls P.G. College, Ujjain, M.P., INDIA <#LINE#>1/7/2014<#LINE#>14/9/2014<#LINE#>  Eudichogaster kinneari were exposed to 0.6 ppm concentration of Dimethoate, 0.5 ppm concentration of Azodrin and 0.003 ppm concentration of Thiodan for 20 days to evaluate profound changes in the histomorphology and histochemistry of ovary by adding vacuolization due to congregation of ooplasm and nucleoplasm, irregular thickened cell boundary of oolema and nucleolemma, uneven stain were seen in whole structure, deterioration of ooplasm and nucleoplasm and ultimately destruction of cellular architecture of all stages of oocytes showed atrophied condition. Decreased intensity with histochemical reactions and reduced diameter of all stages of oocytes (p0.001) were observed. The present study indicates that among the three insecticides tested, thiodan is most toxic to earthworm E.kinneari, than azodrin and dimethoate respectively. The intensity of deterioration were noticed more toxic in thiodan &#x-1.0;ȃAzodrin&#x-1.0;ȃDimethoate respectively. <#LINE#> @ @ Somniyam P. and Suwanwaree P., The diversity and distribution of terrestrial earthworms in sakaerat Environmental Research station and adjacent areas, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand., Word Appl. Sci. J., 6(2), 221-226 (2009) @No $ @ @  Chaudhuri P.S., Nath S. , Pal T.K. and Dey S.K. ,  Earthworm casting activities under rubber (Herea brasiliensis) plantations in Tripura India, World J. Agri. Sci. , 5(4), 515-521 (2009) @No $ @ @ Darwin C.R., The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms, with observations of their habits. , John Murray, London. , 1-326 (1881) @No $ @ @ Cikutovic M.A., Fitzpatrick L.C.,Venables BJ. and Goven A.J., Sperm count in earthworm as a biomarker for environmental toxicology: Effect of cadmium and chlordane., Environ.pollu.,8(12), 123-125 (1993) @No $ @ @ Cikutovic M.A., Fitzpatrick L.C., Goven A.J., Venables B.J., Giggleman M.A. and cooper E.L., Wound healing in earthworm Lumbricus terrestris : Acellular based biomarker for assessing sublethal chemical toxicity.,Bull. Environ.Contam.Toxicol.,62, 508-514(2010) @No $ @ @ Lionetto M.G., Calisi A. and Schettino T., Earthworm Biomarkers as tools for soil pollution assessment. Maria C.Hernandez-Soriano(ed)., SBN 978-953-307-614-0, (2012) @No $ @ @ Celine P., Sebastein B., Y van C., Mickael H. and  Franck V., Pesticides and Earthworms., A Review., Agron. Sustain Dev.,34, 199-228,DOI:10.1007/S 13593-0130151-Z (2014) @No $ @ @ Kulkarni G.K., Anand C.S.K. and Rao A.B., Effect of some pesticides on the gametogenesis of a fresh water leech Hirudo birmanica, Proc.Nat.Symp. Ecotoxicol., 54-57 (1987) @No $ @ @ Sagar C.R., Impact of some pesticidal pollutants on the physiological activities of a  freshwater leech Poecilobdella granulosa, Ph.D. Thesis, Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India, (1989) @No $ @ @ ISO, soil quality effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida), Part 2: Determination of  effects on reproduction, ISO 11268-2, international organization for standardizations, Geneva,  Switzerland (1998b) @No $ @ @ Lakhani L, Khatri A. and Choudhary P., Effect of dimethoate on testicular histomorphology of the earthworm E.kinneari, I. Res. J.Biological Sci.,1(4), 77-80,(2012) @No $ @ @ Lakhani L., Effect of azodrin on the testis of the earthworm Eudichogaster kinneari  (Stephenson).A histological and   histochemical profile, Int .J .Biological Sci., 2(9), 54-58, (2013) @No $ @ @ Lakhani L., Effect of three commonly used insecticides on histomorphology and histochemistry of testis of earthworm Eudichogaster kinneari (Annelida: Oligochaeta), Int.j.res.biosci.agricul.techno., 2(II), 281-291 ISSN NO.2347-517X, (2014) @No $ @ @ Espinoza-Navaroo O. and Bustos E., Sublethal doses of Malathion after male reproductive parameters of Eisenia  fetida, Int.J.Morphology, 22, 297-302(2004) @No $ @ @ Yasmin S. and D’souza D., Effect of pesticides on the reproductive output of Eisenia fetida, Bull. Environ.Contam. Toxicol., 79(5), 529-532 (2007) @No $ @ @ Gupta S.K. and Saxena P.N., carbaryl induced behavioral and reproductive abnormalities in the earthworm Metaphire posthuma: a sensitive model, Alternatives to laboratory animals 31(6), 587-593 (2010) @No $ @ @ De Silva P.M.C.S., and Amrasinghe N.J.D.S., Assessment of Dimethoate toxicity on compost worm Eisenia andrej using earthworm avoidance test., Tropical agriculture Research,20, 25-33 (2008) @No $ @ @ De Silva P.M.C.S., Pathiratne A. and Van Gestel C.A.M., Toxicity of chlorpyriphos,  carbofuran, mancozeb and their formulations to the earthworm p. excavatus under tropical conditions., Applied soil Ecology 44, 56-60(2010) @No $ @ @ Kale R.D. and Krishnamurthy R.V., Residual effects of sevin on the Acetyle cholinesterase activity of the nervous system of earthworm P. corethurus, curr.Science, 51(8), 885-886 (1982) @No $ @ @ Rao J.V., Toxicity of Azodrin on the morphology and acetyl cholinesterase activity of the earthworm Eisenia fetida, Environ, Res., 96, 323-327 (2004) @No $ @ @ Calisi A., Lionetto M.G. and Schettino T., Pollutant induced alterations of granulocyte morphology in the earthworm Eisenia fetida, Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety. 72(5), 1369-1377, (2014) @No $ @ @ Damm M.A., Leitao S., cerejeira M.J. and Paulo Souca J., comparing the sensitivity of soil invertebrates to pesticides with that of E. fetida, chemosphere, 85(6),(2011) @No $ @ @ Santos M.J., Ferreira M.F., Cachada A., Duarte A.C. and Sousa J.P., Pesticide application to agricultural fields: Effect on the reproduction and avoidance behavior of folsomia candida and Eisenia andrej,Ecotoxicol., (2012) @No $ @ @ Wang J.H., Zhu L.S., Liu W., Wang J. and Xie H., Biochemical responses of earthworm E. Fetida to pesticide chlorpyriphos and fenvalerateJ.Toxocol. Mech. Methods, 22(3), 236-41 (2012) @No  
<#LINE#>Sporadic flowering of Bambusa striata Lodd. ex Lindl. an ornamental sympodial bamboo  in Kottayam Distirct, Kerala, India<#LINE#>K.K@JijeeshC.M.Seethalakshmi,V.B.@Beena,V.P@Raveendran<#LINE#>37-41<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-181.pdf<#LINE#>College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA – 680656 @  Kerala Forest ResearchInstitute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA– 680656  <#LINE#>26/7/2014<#LINE#>5/9/2014<#LINE#>  Bambusa striata Lodd. Ex Lindl. is a woody ornamental sympodial  bamboo species usually found in cultivation initiated flowering during 2007 in a homestead near Thiruvalla in Kottayam district of  Kerala. Other than the  reports of flowering, studies on detailed reproductive biology of this bamboo species is lacking. The present investigation was carried out to study the floral morphometry, anthesis, mode of pollination, in vitro and in vivo pollen viability and pollen germination and post-flowering behaviour of the species. The inflorescence was a large leafy panicle of flat spikes clustered at the nodes. The spikelets were several in the verticals in the axil of bracts. The flowers were dichogamous, protogynous and open. Stigma matured prior to anther dehiscence and 5 lobes were present. Pollens were numerous and monoporate. Highly sterile pollens were observed and viability and in vitro pollen germination also was absent. Pollination was anemophilous. Seed production was absent in this species following the flowering. <#LINE#> @ @ Seethalakshmi K.K. and Kumar  M.S., Bamboos of India: A compendium, Kerala Forest Research Institute and International Network for Bamboo and Rattan, 342 (1998) @No $ @ @ Koshy K.C. and Pushpangadan P., Bambusa vulgarisblooms, a leap towards extinction?, Current Science,72, 622-624 (1997) @No $ @ @ Alam M.K. and Islam S.A.M.N., Recent flowering of bamboos in Bangladesh, Bano Biggyan Patrika,10, 96-99 (1981) @No $ @ @ Banik R.L., Techniques of bamboo propagation with special reference to prerooted and prerhizomed branch cuttings and tissue culture. In: Rao, A.N; Dhanarajan, G; Sastry, C.B (Eds.) Recent Research on Bamboos. Chinese Academy of Forestry and IDRC, Canada, 160-169 (1987) @No $ @ @ Banik R.L., Silviculture and field-guide to priority bamboos of Bangladesh and South Asia. Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Chittagong, 187 (2000) @No $ @ @ Radford A. E., Dickson J. R., Massey  and Bell C. R. Vascular plant systematics, Harper and Row Publishers, New York. (1974) @No $ @ @ Koshy K.C. and Jee G., Studies on the absence of seed set in Bambusa vulgaris, Current Science, 81(4), 375-378 (2001) @No $ @ @ Beena V.B., Seethalakshmi K.K. and Raveendran V.P., Flowering and reproductive biology of two endemic bamboo species Dendroacalamus stocksii and Pseudoxytenanthera ritcheyi,Journal of Bamboo and Rattan, 6, 11-20 (2007) @No $ @ @ Tuinstra M.R. and Wedel J.,  Estimation of pollen viability in sorghum, Crop Science,40, 968-970 (2000) @No $ @ @ Koshi K.C., Harikumar D. and Narenrendran T.C., Insect visits to some bamboos of Western Ghat, India, Current Science, 81, 833-838 (2001) @No $ @ @ Banik R.L., Flowering in Baijjya Bansh, Bano Biggyan Patrika,, 90-91(1979) @No $ @ @ John C.K. and Nadgauda S.R., Flowering in Bambusa vulgaris var. vittata, Curent Science73, 641-643 (1997) @No $ @ @  Jijeesh C.M., Seethalakshmi K.K., Beena V.B. and Raveendran V.P. Recent flowering of an endemic bamboo –Pseudoxytenanthera monadelpha (Thw.) Soderstrom and Ellisin Munnar, India, Phytomorphology,59, 35-39 (2009) @No $ @ @ Jijeesh CM  and Seethalakshmi KK., Reproductive biology of Ochlandra wightii (Munro), an endemic reed bamboo of Western Ghats, India, Phytomorphology,61,17-24 (2011) @No $ @ @ Jijeesh C.M., Seethalakshmi K.K and Raveendran V.P., Studies on reproductive biology aspects of Schizostachyum dullooa (Gamble) Majumdar (Bambusaceae), Journal of Bamboo and Rattan, 10, 95-102 (2011) @No $ @ @ Jijeesh C.M., Seethalakshmi K.K and Raveendran V.P., Flowering, reproductive biology and post flowering behaviour of Dendrocalamus sikkimensis (Gamble), Bamboo Science and Culture,25, 36-42(2012) @No  
<#LINE#>Community Structure of Macrophyte Associated Invertebrates in a Tropical Kole Wetland, Kerala, India<#LINE#>K.P.@RakhiGopalan, BijoyNandan@S,S.@Vineetha<#LINE#>42-50<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-191.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry School of Marine Sciences Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, 682016, Kerala, INDIA <#LINE#>16/7/2014<#LINE#>23/1/2014<#LINE#>  Aquatic macrophytes provide a good ecological niche for macro invertebrates and may occupy the littoral region of wetlands. This contribution discusses the macrophyte associated macroinvertebrate assemblage and abundance in the Maranchery Kole wetland that is part of Vembanad Kole wetland system, a Ramsar site on the west coast of India. It lies submerged under water for about six months in a year giving both terrestrial and water related properties. Six macrophyte species were observed from the four study stations of the wetland among which Hydrilla verticillata, Utricularia aurea, Eichhornia crassipes, are more common and showed maximum biomass. The macrophyte associated invertebrate community in the wetland carried out from October 2010 to September 2011 period varied widely during the pre monsoon, post monsoon and monsoon seasons. It comprised of 10 taxa belonging to insects, insect larvae, arachnids, decapods, molluscs, branchiopods, hirudinea, nematodes, isopods and, fish fingerlings. Insect larvae was found to dominate during premonsoon (34%), monsoon (36%), whereas decapods (47%) dominated during postmonsoon season. The macrophyte, Hydrilla verticillata was associated with the maximum numerical abundance (400 No/m) of macro invertebrates during the monsoon season. Thus the high growth and density of macrophytes in Maranchery Kole wetland was conducive for the abundance and diversity of several macroinvertebrates. This would be help in the propagation of native fish species in such wetlands involving the local self-government bodies and other people’s participatory programs.  <#LINE#> @ @ Demeester L. and Declerck S., The study of biodiversity in freshwater lakes: Social relevance and suggestions for priorities in science policy, Hydrobiologia, 490, 1-10 (2005) @No $ @ @ Tessy P.P. and Srekumar R., A report on the pollution algae from the Thrissur kol wetland s (Part of Vembanad Kol, Ramsar Site) Kerala, Nature Environment and Pollution technology, 7(2), 311-314 (2008) @No $ @ @ Carpenter S.R. and Lodge D.M., Effects of submersed macrophytes on ecosystem processes, Aquatic Botan, 26,341–370 (1986) @No $ @ @ Westlake D.F., Macrophytes. In Whitton, B.A. (ed.) River ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 106-128 (1975 ) @No $ @ @ Schramm H.L., Jirka K.J. and Hoyer M.V., Epiphytic macro invertebrates on dominant macrophytes in two central Florida lakes, J. Freshwat Ecol., 4, 151-161 (1987) @No $ @ @ Chilton E.W., Macroinvertebrate communities associated with three aquatic macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum spicatum, and Vallisneria americana) in lake Onalaska, Wisconsin, J. Freshwat. Ecol., 5, 455-466 (1990) @No $ @ @ Beckett D.C., Aartilla T.P. and Miller A.C., Seasonal change in plant-dwelling chironomidae and naididae in Wisconsin Lake, J. Freshwat . Ecol.,7, 45-57 (1992) @No $ @ @ Rooke J.B., The invertebrate fauna of four macrophytes in a lotic system, Freshwat Biol.,14, 506-513 (1984) @No $ @ @ Harkal A.D., Arak G.V., Satish S. Mokashe and Kulkarni G.K., A report on micro-invertebrates associated with littoral macrophytes in Kagzipura Lake, Recent Research in Science and Technology, 3(3), 14-16 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mustapha M.K., Effects of aquatic macrophytes on the limnology and utilization of Moro Reservoir, Ilorin, Nigeria, Journal of aquatic Sciences,23(1), 49-56 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bijoy Nandan, Ecology and bioresources of the wetland ecosystems on the south west coast of India with special emphasis to the Ramsar sites. M.S. Binoj Kumar, P. K, Gopalakrishnan (Eds.) Biodiversity Conservation. Scientific Publishers. ISBN:81-7233-489-3 (2008) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (21st ed.). Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation, (2005) @No $ @ @ Trivedy R.K., Goel P.K. and Trisal C.L., Practical methods in Ecology and Environmental Science. Environmental Publications, Karad, (1995) @No $ @ @ Kodarkar M.S., Methodology for water analysis. Indian association of Aquatic biologists, Publication No., (2) (1992) @No $ @ @ Downing J.A. and Cyr H., Quantitative estimation of epiphytic invertebrate populations, Can . J . Fish . aquat . Sci.,42, 1570-1579 (1985) @No $ @ @ Edmonson W.T., Fresh water biology (IInd Edition) , Pub: International Books and Periodicals supply service, (1992) @No $ @ @ Morse C.J., Lianfang Y. and Lixin T., Aquatic insects of China useful for monitoring water quality, Hohai University Press, Nanjiing People’s Republic of China,(1994) @No $ @ @ Williams D.D. and Feltmate B.W., Aquatic Insects, CAB International, ISBN; O-85198-782-6 Xii, (1992) @No $ @ @ Gamble, Flora of Presidency of Madras, Vol. 1-3. Adlard and Son Ltd., London, (1915-1936) @No $ @ @ Mustapha M.K., Effects of aquatic macrophytes on the limnology and utilization of Moro Reservoir, Ilorin, Nigeria, Journal of aquatic Sciences23(1), 49-56 (2008) @No $ @ @ Shastree N.K., Islam M.S., Pathak S. and Afshan M., Studies on the physico- chemical dimensions of the lentic hydrosphere of Ravindra Sarovar (Gaya), In: Current trends in limnology(1), 133-152 (1991) @No $ @ @ Tapashi Gupta. and Mithra Dey., Hydro Biological Characteristics of Some Semi-intensive fish culture ponds of Lumding Town of Nagaon District, Assam, Current World Environment8(1), 107-115 (2013) @No $ @ @ Pradeep Kumar Sharma., Rajeev Kumar Sharma. and Rajendra Kumar Sharma.,Water quality assessment and macrophytic diversity of Purshottam Sagar water body at Ujjain (M.P.) India, Asian Journal of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 3(1),277-286 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mishra A., and Tripathi B.D., Seasonal and temporal variation in physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of river Ganga in Varansi, Cuur. WorldEnviron., 2(2), 149-154 (2007) @No $ @ @ Irella Bogut., Jasna Vidakovic., Goran Palijan and Dubravka Cerba., Benthic macroinvertebrates associated with four species of macrophytes, Biologia, Bratislava, 62(5), 600-606(2007) @No $ @ @ Kioussis D.R., Reactive nitrogen and phosphorus removal from aquaculture wastes water effluents using polymer hydrogels, Aquacult. Eng., (23) 315-332 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ennabili A.M., Biomass production and NPK retention in macrophytes from wetlands of the Tingitan Peninsula, Aquat. Bot., (62) 54-56 (1998) @No $ @ @ Patil S.G. and Singh D.F., Limnological investigations-Abiotic factors, Fauna of Ujani, Wetland Ecosystem Series No. , Zoological survey of India, 5-26 (2002) @No $ @ @ Mhlanga L, Siziba N. The association between invertebrates and macrophytes in a tropical reservoir Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe: a preliminary survey, African journal of Aquatic Science,31, 271-274 (2006) @No $ @ @ Cattaneo A., Galanti G., Gentinetta S., and Romo S., Epiphytic algae and macro invertebrates on submerged and floating-leaved macrophytes in an Italian lake,Freshwater Biol., 39, 725–740 (1998) @No $ @ @ Jackson M.J., Sampling methods for studying macro invertebrates in the littoral vegetation of shallow lakes. Technical report, The Broads Authority, Norfolk. United Kingdom, 173 (1997) @No $ @ @ Cheruvelil K.S., Soranno P.A., Madsen J.D. and Robertson M.J., Plant architecture and epiphytic macroinvertebrate communities: the role of an exotic dissected macrophyte, J. North Am. Benthol. Soc., 21,261–277(2002) @No  
<#LINE#>Decolourization of Two Industrial Dyes by Bacteria from Paper and Pulp Mill Effluents<#LINE#>S.@Dutta,M.D.@Hossain,M.M.@Hassan,M.N@Anwar<#LINE#>51-55<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-196.pdf<#LINE#>4 Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong – 4331, BANGLADESH <#LINE#>14/8/2014<#LINE#>18/10/2014<#LINE#>  The effluents of paper and pulp industries are the major sources of water pollution, threatening the existence of aquatic biodiversity. So, their treatment before discharge is very crucial and biodegradation where microorganisms break down the azo bonds to form its nontoxic basic element is the most effective way. Our research work deals with the physicochemical characterization of the concerned effluent, isolation of indigenous bacterial strain and evaluation of their decolorizing efficiency. Decolorization assay was done spectrophotometrically in Mineral salt medium modified with 0.005% of the tested dyes viz. Brilliant green and Methyl violet after regular interval of incubation period (3, 5 and 7 days). All the collected effluent samples were found to characterize by high BOD, COD, TSS and TDS values. Five potential isolates viz. Alcaligenes eutrophus, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas syringae were identified and their decolourizing capability were evaluated. Alcaligenes eutrophus Micrococcus luteus. and Pseudomonas syringae were found to decolourize around 80% of the Brilliant Green after 5 days of incubation whereas Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis causes slightly more than 60% decolourization after the same incubation period. Bacillus licheniformis was found to be the only isolate capable of decolourizing Methyl violet with maximum of 75% after 7 days of incubation. These findings reveal the existence of indigenous dye decolourizer and signify their implementation in biotreatment of the tested dyes.  <#LINE#> @ @ Neill O.C., Hawkes R.F., Hawkes L.D.,  Lourenco D.N, Pinheiro M.H. and Delee W., Colour in textile effluents – sources, measurement, discharge consents and simulation: a review, Journal of Chemical Technology Biotechnology,74, 1009–1018 (1999) @No $ @ @ McMullan G., Meehan C., Conneely A., Kirby N., Robinson T., Nigam P., Banat I. M., Marchant R. and Symth W. F., Microbial decolourization and degradation of textile dyes, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 56, 81 (2001) @No $ @ @ Toh Y.C., Yen L.J.J., Obbard J.P. and Ting Y.P., Decolourisation of azo dyes by white-rot fungi (WRF) isolated in Singapore, Enzyme and Microbial Technology,  33, 569–575 (2003) @No $ @ @ Khehra M.S., Saini H.S., Sharma D.K., Chadha B.S. and Chimni S. Biodegradation of azo dye C.I. Acid Red 88 by anoxic–aerobic sequential bioreactor, Dyes Pigments, 70(1), 1–7 (2006) @No $ @ @ Fan J., Guo Y., Wang J. and Fan M., Decolorization of azo dye methyl orange in aqueous solution by nanoscale zerovalent iron particles, J. Hazard. Mater., 166(1), 904–910 (2009) @No $ @ @ Franciscon E., Grossman M., Augusto J., Paschoal  R., Ryes R. G. F. and Durrant R., Decolorization and biodegradation of reactive sulfonated azo dyes by a newly isolated Brevibacterium sp. strain VN-15, Springerplus, 1(1),  37 (2012) @No $ @ @ Robinson T., McMullan G., Marchant R., Nigam P., Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: A critical review on current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative,  Bioresour. Technol, 77, 247–255 (2001) @No $ @ @ Lin S.H. and Peng C.F., Treatment of textile wastewater by electrochemical methods, Water Res, 28, 277–282 (1994) @No $ @ @ Karapinar K.I., Karagi F., Mcmullan G. and Marchan R., Decolourization of textile dyestuffs by a mixed bacterial consortium, Biotechnol Lett, 22, 1179 –1189 (2000) @No $ @ @ Telke A.A., Kalyani D.C., Jadhav J.P. and Govindwar S.P., Kinetics and mechanism of reactive red 141 degradation by a bacterial isolate Rhizobium radiobacter MTCC 8161, Acta Chimica Slovenica, 55, 320–329 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mendes S., Pereira L., Batista C. and Martins L.O., Molecular determinants of azo reduction activity in the strain Pseudomonas putida MET94, Applied Microbiologyand Biotechnology, 92(2), 393-405 (2011a) @No $ @ @ Feng J., Cerniglia C.E. and Chen H., Toxicological significance of azo dye metabolism by human intestinal microbiota, Front Bioscience. (Elite Ed), 1(4) 568-586 (2012) @No $ @ @ Walker R., The metabolism of azo compounds : A review of the literature, Food Cosmet. Toxicol, 8, 659–676 (1970) @No $ @ @ Zimmermann T., Gasser F., Kulla H.G. and Leisinger T., Comparisons of two bacterial azoreductases acquired during adaptation to growth on azo dyes,  Arch. Microbiol, 138, 37–43 (1984) @No $ @ @ Pasti-Grigsby M.B., Paszczynski A., Goszczynski S., Crawford D.L. and Crawford R.L., Influence of aromatic substitution patterns on azo dye degradability by Streptomyces sp. and Phanerochaete chrysosporium., Appl.Environ Microbiol, 58(11), 3605 – 3613 (1992) @No $ @ @ Buchanan R.E. and Gibbons N.E., Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th edition, The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, (1974) @No $ @ @ Bouasla C., Samar M.E.H., Ismail F., Degradation of methyl violet 6B dye by the Fenton process, Desalination, 254(1–3), 35–41 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ozdemir G., Yasa I., Pazarbasi B., Ersoy E., Karaboz I., Basaran B., Bitlisli B.O. and Sari O., Decolorization of the Leather Industry Dyes by Newly Isolated Bacterial Strains, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 20, 545-550 (2006) @No $ @ @ Chen K., Wua J., Liou D., Hwang S.J., Decolorization of the textile dyes by newlyisolated bacter strains, Journal of Biotechnology, 101, 57-68 (2003) @No $ @ @ Maier J., Kandelbauer A., Erlacher A., Cavaco-Paulo A. and Gübitz G.M., A New Alkali - Thermostable Azoreductase from Bacillus sp. Strain SF, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70, 837–844 (2004) @No  
<#LINE#>Impact of addition of Vermicompost on Vegetable Plant Growth<#LINE#>Dhanalakshmi@V.,Remia@K.M.,R.@Shanmugapriyan,K.@Shanthi<#LINE#>56-61<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-198.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, N.G.M College, Pollachi – 642001, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA <#LINE#>21/8/2014<#LINE#>3/10/2014<#LINE#>  Effect of addition of vermicompost on the vegetable plant growth was evaluated. The percentage of seed germination was 96.74, 84.32 and 92.35 percentage when the seeds of okra, brinjal and chilli were planted in 50 percentage vermicompost containing soil. Higher percentage seed germination of tomato was recorded in 75 percentage vermicompost containing soil. Significant early germination of 4.53 and 4.77 days was recorded, when the seeds of okra and brinjal sowed in the vermicompost incorporated soil.  Increased root and shoot length was registered when the seeds were sown in 50 percentage vermicompost containing soil. Root length of okra was 7.07, 9.13, 13.03 cm and chilli was 5.80, 7.60, 10.90 cm attained  at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting when treated with 50 percentage vermicompost containing soil. The shoot length of okra, chilli, brinjal and tomato was ranged from 33.47 to 61.50 cm and from 29.57 to 66.60 cm and from 47.27 to 81.40 cm and from 51.67 to 95.73 cm. The influence of vermicompost on branch and leaf number was high when compared to untreated control.  The branch number of okra, chilli, brinjal and tomato were ranged from 4.00 to 8.00 cm, 11.67 to 19.67 cm, 9.33 to 18.33 cm and 14.00 to 19.33 cm, respectively. The leaf number was recorded as 14.00, 27.33, 17.33 and 17.00 cm in okra, chilli, brinjal and tomato when planted in vermicompost mixed soil. <#LINE#> @ @ Geetha P. and Balakrishnan  K.P., Effects of sulphuric acid and nitric acid on the pollen grains of Cocus nucifera,JAWPC Tech Ann., 10, 193-196 (1983) @No $ @ @ Vijayalakshmi A, Divya S. and Sridevi Y.K., Studies on impact of composted pressmud on biometric and yield parameters of soyabean, Indian J. Environ. and Ecoplan,12, 77-80 (2006) @No $ @ @ Krogman U., Boyles L.S., Martel C.J. and Mc Comas  K.A., Biosolids and sledge management, Water environment Research,69, 534–549 (1997) @No $ @ @ Benton M.W. and Wester D.B., Biosolids effects on toboso grass and alkali sacatonin a chihuahuan desert grassland, Journal of EnvironmentalQuality.,27, 199–208 (1998) @No $ @ @ Atiyeh R.M., Subler S., Edwards C.A. and Metzger J., Growth of tomato plants in horticultural potting media amended with vermicompost, Pedobiologia,43, 724–728 (1999) @No $ @ @ Jackson M.L., Soil chemical analysis, Prentice Hall India. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, 498 (1973) @No $ @ @ Mathivanan S. AL. A., Chidambaram Al. A., Sundaramoorthy P. and KalaikandhanR.,Effect of vermicompost on germination and biochemical constituents of ground nut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedling, Int. J. Res. Biological Sciences., 2(2), 54-59 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shozeb Javed and Aruna Panwar, Effect of biofertilizer, vermicompost and chemical fertilizer on different biochemical parameters of Glycine max and Vigna mungo, Recent Research in Science and Technology5(1), 40-44 (2013) @No $ @ @ Mishra M., Rajani S., Sahu K., Sanjat K. and Padhy Rabindhra N., Effect of vermicomposted municipal solid wastes on growth, yield and heavy metal contents of rice Oryza sativa), Fresenius Environ. Bull.,14, 584–590 (2005) @No $ @ @ Pathak D.V., Singh  Surender and Saini  R.S.,  Impact of bio-inoculants on seed germination and plant growth of guava,  (Psidium guajava). Glob. J. Wood Sci. Forest. Wildl.,1(1), 015-017 (2013) @No $ @ @ Ali Salehi Sardoei,Vermicompost effects on the growth and flowering of marigold (Calendula officinalis), European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2014, 4(1), 651-655 (2014) @No $ @ @ Atiyeh R.M., Arancon N.Q., Edwards C.A. and Metzger J.D., The influence of earthworm-processed pig manure on the growth and productivity of marigolds, Biores. Tech., 84, 147 (2001) @No $ @ @ Mujeera Fathima and Malathy Sekar,Studies on growth promoting effects of vermiwash on the germination of gegetable crops, 3(6), 564-570 (2014) @No $ @ @ Ramasamy P.K., Biodiversity of Earthworms in the Eastern Ghats of (Sathyamangalam Division) Tamilnadu. India, and influence of vermicompost on growth, yield and nutritional status of some selected plants. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, (2009) @No $ @ @ Hidlago P.R., Matta F.B. and  Harkess R.L., Physical and chemical properties of substrates containing earthworm castings and effects on marigold growth, Hort Sci., 41, 1474-1476 (2006) @No $ @ @ Alam M.N., Jahan M.S., Ali M.K., Islam M.S. and Khandaker S.M.A.T., Effect of vermicompost and NPKS fertilizers on growth, yield and yield components of Red Amaranth (Amaranthustricolor L. .,Aust J. Basic and Appli. Sci., , 706 – 716 (2007) @No $ @ @ Garg K. and Bhardwaj., Effect of vermicompost of parthenium on two cultivers of wheat, Indian J. Ecol., 27. 177-180 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rajkumar Rampal and Deepshika Sharma., Impact of kitchen waste Water Hyacinth and Parthenium weed vermicompost on the growth of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill Var), Poll. Res., 25, 577-582 (2006) @No $ @ @ Murarkar S.R., Tayade A.S., Bodhade S.N. and Ulemale R.B., Effect of vermicompost on mulberry leaf yield, J. Soils and Crops., 8, 85 - 87 (1998) @No $ @ @ Reddy V.C., Ananda  M.G. and Kalyanamurthy  K.N., Effect of different nutrient sources on growth and yield of paddy (Oriza sativa L. ), J. Environ and Ecol.,22, 622-626 (2004) @No $ @ @ Yogananda S.B. and Reddy V.C.,  Growth and sustainability of rice varieties as influenced by urban compost and inorganic fertilizers, J. Ecobiol., 16, 279-285 (2004) @No $ @ @ Muddasir and Agarwal O.P., Effect of vermicompost on the growth and productivity of tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) under field conditions, Inter. J. Recent Scientific Research,4(3), 247-249 (2013) @No $ @ @ Canellas L.P., Olivares F.L., Okorokova A.L. and Facanha A.R., Humic acids isolated from earthworm compost enhance root elongation, lateral root emergence and plasma H ATPase activity in maize roots, Plant physiology, 130, 1951-1957 (2000) @No $ @ @ Atiyeh R.M., Edwards C.A., Metzger J.B., Lee S. and Arancon N.Q., The influence of humic acids derived from earthworm processed organic wastes on plant growth, Bioresource Technology., 84, 7-14 (2002) @No $ @ @ Prabha K.P., Loretta Y.L. and Usha  R.K., An experimental study of vermin-biowaste composting for agricultural soil improvement, Bioresour. Technol., 99, 1672-1681 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lakshmi A. and Sekar R., Bioconversion of lignocelluloses materials into fertilizer., J. Ecobiol., 8, 315-316 (1996) @No $ @ @ Gutierrez Miceli  F.A.,  Santiago J. Bonaj J.A.,  Molina R.,  Nafate  C.C.,  Abud-Archila  M.A.O.,  Llaven R. Rincon-Rosales and Dendooven J., Vermicompost as a soil supplement to improve growth yield and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), Bioresour. Technol.,98, 2781-2786 (2007) @No $ @ @ Arancon N.Q. and Edwards C.A., The utilization of vermicompost in Horticulture and Agriculture, In : Proceedings of Indo-Us International workshop on vermitechnology in human welfare (Eds. Edwards C.A.Jeyaraj R. and Indira A.J.), Deparment of zoology and Biochemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu. India, 75-76, (2009) @No $ @ @ Lalitha R., Fathima K. and Ismail S.A., Impact of biopesticides and microbial fertilizers on productivity and growth of Abelmoschus esculentus. Vasundhara, The Earth, 4-9 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rajkhowa  D. J., Gogoi  A. K., Kandal  R. and Rajkhowa  K. M., Effect of vermicompost on Greengram nutrition, J. Indian Soc. Soil. Sci.,48, 207-208 (2000) @No $ @ @ Ansari A.A., Urban planning and environment strategies and Challenges, Macmillan India Ltd. New Delhi, 277279 (2007) @No  
<#LINE#>Study on Seasonal Productivity of two Rivers Receiving Petrochemical Effluent from NRL, Assam, India<#LINE#>Janmoni@Moran,Baruah@Debojit,S.P.@Biswas<#LINE#>62-66<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-207.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Assam, INDIA  @ Department of Botany, Lakhimpur Girls’ College North Lakhimpur, Assam, INDIA<#LINE#>17/9/2014<#LINE#>24/10/2014<#LINE#>  The seasonal productivity of two rivers in Assam receiving petrochemical effluent were conducted from March 2012 to February 2014 on a seasonal basis – pre-monsoon, monsoon, post monsoon and winter. The fluctuation trends of GPP were pre monsoon (0.87mgC/L/hour) &#x0000; post monsoon (0.82mgC/L/hour) &#x0000; winter (0.58) &#x0000; monsoon (0.51mgC/L/hour). The fluctuation trends of NPP were post monsoon (0.28mgC/L/hour)&#x0000; pre monsoon (0.24mgC/L/hour)&#x0000;winter (0.23mgC/L/hour) &#x0000; monsoon (0.13mgC/L/hour). The fluctuation trends of CR were found as pre monsoon (0.64mgC/L/hour) &#x0000; post monsoon (0.55mgC/L/hour) &#x0000; monsoon (0.37mgC/L/hour) &#x0000; winter (0.35mgC/L/hour). The mean annual NPP% of GPP were found highest at S5(33.8%) and lowest at the point of effluent discharge(14.8%). The CR% of GPP were highest at S6 (85.1%) and lowest at S1 (61.4%). <#LINE#> @ @ Bott T.L., Primary productivity and community respiration, in Hauer, R., and Lamberti G.A., eds., Stream ecology—Field and laboratory exercises: San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 533–556(1996) @No $ @ @ Wetzel R.G. and Linkens G.E., Limnological Analysis, W.B. Sunders Co., West Washington Square, Philadelphia, U.S.A. (1979) @No $ @ @ Christ R.M., SamuelA. S., Bai R.N. and Kala T.C., Phytoplankton diversity in relation to physicochemical parameters and primary productivity of a fresh water body in South Tamil Nadu; Indian Hydrobiology, 13(2), 153-168 (2011) @No $ @ @ Reynolds C.S.,The Ecology of Freshwater Plankton; Cambridge University Press, 384 (1984) @No $ @ @ APHA,Standard method for the experimentation of water and waste water, American Public Health Association, New York (1989) @No $ @ @ Garder T. and Gran H. H., Investigations on the production of planktons in the Osloford, Rapp. Cons. Explor. Mer., 144, 56-60 (1927) @No $ @ @ Trivedy R.K., Goel P.K. and Trisal C.L., Practical Methods in Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Enviromedia Publication, Karad (India), 123-126 (1987) @No $ @ @ Prasad B.B. and Singh R.B., Composition, abundance and distribution of phytoplankton and zoobenthos in a tropical water body, Nat. Envin. Pollut. Technol., , 255-258(2003) @No $ @ @ Bishop J.E., Limnology of small Malayan river, Sungai Gomback. Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague,(1973) @No $ @ @ Jain S.M., Sharma M. and Thakur R., Seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters of Halai reservoir of Vidisha district, India, Indian Journal of Ecobiology, 8(3), 181-188 (1996) @No $ @ @ Taheruzzaman Q. and Kushari D.P., Study of some physico-chemical properties of the different water bodies in Burdwan with special reference to effluents resulting from anthropogenic activities, I.J.E.P., 15(5), 344-349 (1995) @No $ @ @ Sarma D. and Dutta A., Ecological studies of Two Riverine Wetlands of Goalpara District of Assam, India, Nat. Env. and Poll. Tech.,11(2), 297-302 (2012) @No $ @ @ Adoni A.D. and Vaishya A.K., Phytoplankton productivity: Seasonal, diel and vertical periodicity in a Central Indian Reservoir. In: Proc. Nat. Symp. Pure and Appl. Limnololgy, (ed) Adoni, A.D. Bull. Bot. Soc. Sagar, 32, 219-228 (1985) @No $ @ @ Grimm N.B. and Fisher S.G., Exchange between interstitial and surface water—Implications for stream metabolism and nutrient cycling: Hydrobiologia, 111(2), 219–228(1984) @No $ @ @ Bott T.L., Brock  J.T., Dunn  C.S., Naiman  R.J., and Ovink  R.W., Benthic community metabolism in four temperate stream systems—An inter-biome comparison and evaluation of the river continuum concept, Hydrobiologia,123(1), 3–45 (1985) @No $ @ @ Ketchen B.H., Ryther J.H., Yentsch C.S. and Corwin N., Productivity in relation to nutrients; Int. Explor. Mer.,144, 132-140(1958) @No $ @ @ Cloern J.E., Turbidity as a control on phytoplankton biomass and productivity in estuaries, Continental shelf Research,7,1367–1381(1987) @No  
<#LINE#>Knowledge and Attitude on highly Venomous snakes by Questionnaire survey among the Students of Rajarata University, Mihintale, Sri Lanka<#LINE#>S.@DumindaBDissanayake,S.M.@Wellappuliarchchi<#LINE#>67-72<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-153.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, SRILANKA @ Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, SRILANKA<#LINE#>2/6/2014<#LINE#>11/8/2014<#LINE#>We interviewed 840 students from the Rajarata University, Mihintale, Sri Lanka, to reveal their knowledge and attitude about the Sri Lankan highly venomous snakes using a pre tested structured questionnaire. We found that many students feared on snakes. According to findings, the most commonly missed identified species was Sri Lankan Krait.Around 77% students said that snakes should be conserved, while three students said no due to fear of them. Because of their family members died due to snakes bite (Russles Viper Bite).Among the students 97% stated that they felt afraid of snakes. Approximately more than 80% of interviewees said that their fear depended on whether the snakes were venomous or not, and alsosaid fear depended on the way they move and size of the snake.The survey finding indicated that most of the students have an idea of the first aid for snakes bite except several questions such as apply a tourniquet, give some aspirin, give large amount of water and food and remove skin from where snake bite. However they have keen knowledge on preventing the snake bite. Students had positive idea on participating to an education programe on snakes (74%), that will help to conserve this remarkable fauna in Mihintale area and also that will help to conserve Sri Lankan snakes.<#LINE#> @ @ Bossuyt F., Meegaskumbura M., Beenaerts N., Gower D.J., Pethiyagoda R., Roelants K., Mannaert A., Wilkinson M., Bahir M.M., ManamendraNg P.K.L., Schneider C.J., Oommen O.V. and Milinkovitch M.C., Local endemism within the Western Ghats – Sri Lanka Biodiversity Hotspot,479 – 481 (2004) @No $ @ @ Maduwage K., Silva A., ManamendraPethiyagoda R., A taxonomic revision of the South Asian hump-nosed pit vipers (Squamata: Viperidae: Hypnale). Zootaxa, 2232, 1–28, (2009) @No $ @ @ Pyron AR, Kandambi DHK, Hendry CR, Pushpamal V, Burbrink FT and Somaweera R., Genusof snakes reveals the origins of species richness in Sri Lanka, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution978, (2013) @No $ @ @ Somaweera R., Sri lankawesarpayin (‘The Snakes of Sri Lanka’). Wildlife Heritage Trust of Sri Lanka, Colombo, 297, (2006) @No $ @ @ Smith E.N., Manamendra-Arachchi K.R., A new species of coralsnake of the genus Calliophis  (Squamata: Elapidae) from the Central Lanka, Zootaxa, 19–33 (2008) @No $ @ @ Wickramasinghe L.J.M., Vidanapathirana D.R., Wickramasinghe N., Ranwella P.N., A new species of Rhinophis Hemprich, 1820 (Reptilia: Serpentes: Uropeltidae) from Rakwana massif, Sri Lanka2044, 1–22, (2009) @No $ @ @ Wickramasinghe L.J.M., Conservation Status of the Reptile Fauna in Sri lanka. In: The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka; Conservation Status of the Fauna and Flora. Weerakoon, D.K &Wijesundara S Eds., Ministry of Environment, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 99-113,(2012)  @No $ @ @  Bambaradeniya C.N.B., Wickramasinghe L.J.M., Samarawickrama V.A.P and Kekulandala L.D.C.B.Herpetofaunal mortality in highwaysSri Lanka,  Abstracts Fourth World Congress of Herpetology, 10-11 (2001) @No $ @ @ De Silva Anslem, Conservation and management of reptiles and amphibians of Sri Lanka: action plan. Abstract: Technical report of the First International Conference of IUCN/SSC/Indian Subcontinent Reptile and Amphibian Specialist Group10.De Silva Anslem, The Herpetofauna of Sri Lankabrief review. (A. de Silva ed) Graphic Land, Kandy, 99p+15 plates, (1996) @No $ @ @ Wickramasinghe L.J.M., Vidanapathirana D.R., Wickramasinghe N., Ranwella P.N., A new species of Hemprich, 1820 (Reptilia: Serpentes: Uropeltidae) from Rakwana massif, Sri Lanka, Zootaxa,  The Taxonomy and Conservation Status of the Reptile Fauna in Sri lanka. In: The National Red List 2012 of Sri Lanka; Conservation Status of the Fauna and Flora. Weerakoon, D.K &Wijesundara S Eds., Ministry of Environment, 113, (2012) @No $ @ @ Bambaradeniya C.N.B., Wickramasinghe L.J.M., Samarawickrama V.A.P and Kekulandala L.D.C.B., Herpetofaunal mortality in highways : A case study from Fourth World Congress of Conservation and management of reptiles and amphibians of Sri Lanka: Abstracts Fourth World Congress of Herpetology, 10-11 (2001) @No $ @ @ De Silva Anslem, Conservation and management of reptiles and amphibians of Sri Lanka: action plan.Abstract: Technical report of Technical report of the first international Conference of IUCN/SSC/Indian Subcontinent Reptile and Amphibian Specialist Group, (1992) @No $ @ @ De Silva Anslem, The Herpetofauna of Sri Lanka:A brief review. (A. de Silva ed) Graphic Land, Kandy, 99p+15 plates, (1996) @No $ @ @ De Silva Anslem,  status, distribution and conservation, IN Biology and conservation of the amphibians and reptiles and their habitats in South Asia, 51-73 (1998) @No $ @ @ Kasturiratne A, Pathmeswaran A, Fonseka M.M.D, Lalloo D.G, Brooker S and de Silva H.J., Estimates of disease burden due to land-snake bite in Sri Lankan hospitals, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 36(3), 733-740, (2005) @No $ @ @ Premawardhena AP, de Silva CE, Fonseka MMD, Gunatilake SB and de Silva HJ, Low dose subcutaneous adrenaline to prevent acute adverse reactions to antivenom serum in people bitten by snakes : Randomised placebo controlled trial, BMJ, 318, 730-3, (1999) @No $ @ @ Ariaratnam CA, Mayar WP, Perera G, Eddleston M, Kularatne SAM and Attapattu W et al., A new monospecific ovine FAB fragment antivenom for treatment of envenoming by the Sri Lankan Russell’s viper (Daboia Russelli Russelli) : A prelimenary dose finding study and pharmacokinetic study, The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 61(2), 259- 265 (1999) @No $ @ @ Kasturiratne A, Wickremasinghe AR, de Silva N, Gunawardena NK and Pathmeswaran A et al., Estimating the global burden of snakebite : A literature analysis and modelling based on regional estimates of envenoming and deaths, PLoS Med, 5(11), e218. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050218, (2008) @No $ @ @ Kularatne SAM., Epidemiology, clinical features and management of common krait bite: a prospective study. The Ceylon Journal of Medical Science, 41(2), 53-60, 1998@No $ @ @Pushpakumara SKS, Kularatne SAM, Dissanayake WP, Ariyasena H. Lesson learnt from fatal snake bites: A five year audit of General Hospital, Anuradhapura. Sri Lanka Journal of Medicine, 13(2), 44- 46, (2004) @No $ @ @Kellert S.R. and Berry. J.K., Public Attitudes Toward Critical Wildlife and Natural Habitat Issues, Phase I. Washington : U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Government Printing Office, (1979) @No $ @ @ Christoffel R.A., Using Human Dimensions Insights to Improve Conservation Efforts for the Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake (Sistruruscatenatuscatenatus) in Michigan and the Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalushorridushorridus) in Minnesota. PhD Dissertation. Michigan State University, East Lansing, (2007) @No
<#LINE#>Herbal Dye Yielding Plants of District Kathua, Jammu And Kashmir State, India<#LINE#>Nidhi@Jarngal,Nitan@KatochK.<#LINE#>73-79<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-211.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, J and K, INDIA<#LINE#>22/9/2014<#LINE#>29/1/2014<#LINE#>  District Kathua laying at 32-17’ N to 32-55’ N latitude and 75-7’ E to 74-10’ E longitude is known as gateway of JandK and exhibit marked variation in topography coupled with altitudinal range and climate. The area is characterised by varied type of vegetation. Survey of literature revealed that work has been done on ethno botany and plant diversity of Jammu and Kashmir as well as the study area but enlisting of dye yielding plantshas been done for one district only. Therefore the purpose of the present study was to document the dye yielding plant species and associated knowledge from the study area. 64 dye yielding plant species belonging to 43 families were reported from the study area. The correct identity of reported plant species along family, vernacular name, habit and part used has been documented in the present work. A wealth of plant resources for natural dyes exists in the study area but most of it is underutilised. Present work is aimed to open new ways for future studies on various aspects of reported taxa and initiate extensive exploration in other districts of the state. <#LINE#> @ @ Mahanta D. and Tiwari S.C., Natural dye-yielding plants and indigenous knowledge on dye preparation in Arunanchal Pradesh, northeast India, Curr. Sci. 88(9), 1474-1480 (2005) @No $ @ @ Umbreen S., Ali S., Hussain T. and Nawaz R., Dyeing properties of natural dyes extracted from turmeric and their comparison with reactive dyeing, Res. J. Tex. App. 12(4), 1-11 (2008) @No $ @ @ Singh K. and Mathur P.K., Traditional dye yielding plants of Firozabad, U.P., India, Jour. Adv. Lab. Res. Bio., 3(2), 115-118 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kant S. and Dutt H.C., Dye-yielding plants of Neeru catchment in Doda, JandK. India, Ethnobotany, 17, 197-199(2005) @No $ @ @ Rashid A., Dye yielding plant diversity of District Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir state-India, Int. J. Pharm. Bio sci., 4(1), 263-266 (2013) @No $ @ @ Abrol B.K. and Chopra I.C., Some vegetable drug resources of Ladakh, Curr. Sci., 31, 324 (1962) @No $ @ @ Being S.Y., Nawchoo I.A. and Iqbal. M., Traditional veterinary medicine among the tribes of Kashmir Himalaya, Jour. of Herbs, Species and Medicinal Plants., 10(4), 121-127 (2003) @No $ @ @ Dar G. H., Virjee, Kachroo P. and Buth G.M., Ethnobotany of Kashmir-1 Sind valley, Jour. Economy Taxonomic Botany 5, 668-675(1984) @No $ @ @ Kant S. and Dutt H.C., Dye-yielding plants of Neeru catchment in Doda, JandK. India, Ethnobotany, 17, 197-199 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kaul M.K., Sharma P.K. and Singh V., Ethnobotanic studies in north-west and trans Himalaya IV. Some traditionally used tea substitutes from Jammu and Kashmir, Him. Plant. Jour. 4, 23-28 (1986) @No $ @ @ Kaul M.K., Sharma P.K. and Singh V., Ethnobotanic studies in north-west and trans Himalaya, Jour. health sci., 16, 81-87 (1990) @No $ @ @ Kaul M. K., Medicinal plants of Kashmir and Ladakh, Indus publishing company, New Dehli, (1997) @No $ @ @ Khan M., Structural and compositional Analysis of Phytodiversity of Sewa River Catchment Area in Northwest Himalaya (2007) @No $ @ @ Kirn H.S., Kapahi B.K. and Srivastava T.N., Non-Timber forest wealth of Jammu and Kashmir State (India), Plant Jour. of Non-Timb. For. Prod., 6(1 and 2),1-18 (1999a) @No $ @ @ Kirn H.S., Kapahi B.K. and Srivastava T.N., Ethno-botanical observation on the gymnosperms of Poonch district (JandK State) India, J. Econ. Tax. Bot., 23(1), 155-160 (1999b) @No $ @ @ Kirn H.S. and Kapahi B.K., Ethno-botanical notes on some fern and fern allies of Jammu and Kashmir state, India, Indian Fern Jour. 18, 35-38 (2001a) @No $ @ @ Kirn H.S., Kaphi B.K. and Srivastva T.N., Non Timber Forest Wealth of Jammu and Kashmir State-II, Medicinal Plants, Jour. of Non-Timber Forest Products, 4, 8-42(2001a) @No $ @ @ Koul M.L., Some aspects of research on medicinal plants of India, Eastern Pharmacist, 25-29 (1971) @No $ @ @  Koul M.K., High altitude botanicals in integrative medicine-Case studies from Northwest Himalaya, Indian Jour. of Traditional Knowledge ,9(1),18-25 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rashid A., Anand V.K. and Shah A.H., Plant Resource Utilization in the Ethno veterinary Practices by the Gujjar and Bakarwal Tribes of Jammu and Kashmir state, India, Jour. Phytol. Res., 2,293-298 (2007) @No $ @ @ Rashid A., Anand V.K. and Sarwar J., Less Known wild edible plants used by the Gujjar Tribe of district Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir state-India, Int. Jour. of Botany, 4 (12), 219-224 (2007) @No $ @ @ Rashid A. and Anand V.K., Medicinal plant biodiversity in India: Resource utilization and conservational aspects, Environment Conservation Journal, 9(1and2) 59-66(2008) @No $ @ @ Sharma P.K. and Singh V., Ethno-botanical studies in north-west and trans Himalaya- V. Ethno-veterinary medicinal plants used in Jammu and Kashmir, India, J. Ethno pharmacology, 27, 63-70 (1989) @No $ @ @ Srivastava T.N., Kapahi B.K., Kirn H.S. and Sarin Y.K., Threatened plants of medicinal and aromatic value of North Western Himalaya, Jour. Non-Timber Forest Products, 7(3/4), 165-179 (2001) @No $ @ @ Strerwart RR., An annotated Catalogue of Vascular Plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir, Fakhri Press Karachi, Pakistan (1972) @No $ @ @ Swami A. and Gupta B., Flora of Udhampur district, Bishen Singh Mohinder (1998) @No $ @ @ Wani P.A., Dar A.R., Mohi-ud-din G.G., Ganaie K.A., Nawchoo I.A. and Wafai B.A., Treasure and Tragedy of the Kashmir Himalaya, Int. Jour. of Botany, 2(4), 402-408 (2006) @No  
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Importance and Application of Potassic Biofertilizer in Indian Agriculture<#LINE#>Indra@Bahadur,VijaySingh@Meena,Sanjay@Kumar<#LINE#>80-85<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-170.pdf<#LINE#>Deptt. of Soil Science and Agril. Chemistry, I.A.S., BHU, Varanasi, UP, INDIA @ Deptt. of Plant Physiology, I.A.S., BHU, Varanasi, UP, INDIA <#LINE#>28/6/2014<#LINE#>10/9/2014<#LINE#>India totally depends on import of potassic fertilizers for other countries. In Indian condition farmers mainly used nitrogenous fertilizers, some phosphorous and very less or not used potassium in crop production. Biofertilizers are one of the best modern tools for sustainable agriculture. It is a gift of our modern agricultural technological view. Bio fertilizers are applied in the agricultural field as a substitute to inorganic/chemical fertilizers. Most of the farmers used chemical fertilizers for agricultural production system. However, chemical fertilizers have many negative impacts such as environmental pollution, global warming, soil microbial diversity etc. Moreover, they also influenced soil plant dynamic with its microbial distribution, and its cause to degradation of soil-environmental sustainability. But Indian agricultural system use nitrogenous and phosphatic biofertilizer, it helps to enhance sustainability of system. Nowadays many researcher works to develop potassic bio fertilizer.<#LINE#> @ @ Khan A.A., Jilani G., Akhtar M.S., Naqvi SMS. and Rasheed M., Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria: Occurrence, mechanisms and their role in crop production., J. Agric. Biol. Sci.,1(1), 48-58 (2009) @No $ @ @ Lack A.J. and Evans D.E., Instant notes in plant biology, 1st edn. Oxford : Bios Scientific Publishers, , 68-71 (2005) @No $ @ @ Indian Fertilizer Industry at a Glance in, (2012 – 2013) @No $ @ @  Verma J.P., Yadav J., Kavindra N.T. and Jaiswal D.K., Evaluation of plant growth promoting activities of microbial strains and their effect on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in India, Soil Biology and Biochem.,70, 33-37 (2014) @No $ @ @ Meena V.S., Maurya B.R. and Verma J.P., Does a rhizospheric microorganism enhance K+ availability in agricultural soils?, Microbiol Reshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2013.09.003 (2013) @No $ @ @ Maurya B.R., Meena V.S. and Meena O.P., Influence of inceptisol and alfisol’s Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria (KSB) isolates on release of K from waste mica, This article is published with open access at www.vegetosindia.org., (2014) @No $ @ @ Goteti P.K., Leo D.A.E., Desai S. and Mir Hassan Ahmed S., Prospective Zinc Solubilising Bacteria for Enhanced Nutrient Uptake and Growth Promotion in Maize (Zea mays L.), Interna. J. of Microbi., Article ID 869697, 7 (2013) @No $ @ @ Deshwal V.K. and Kumar P., Production of Plant growth promoting substance by Pseudomonas. J. of Acad. and Indus. Res. (JAIR), 2, (2013) @No $ @ @ Malhotra M., Srivastava S., Stress-responsive indole-3-aceticacid biosynthesis by Azospirillum brasilense SM and its abilityto modulate plant growth.,  Eur. J. Soil Biol., 45,73–80 (2009) @No $ @ @  Kim K.Y., Jordan D. and McDonald G.A., Enterobacter agglomerans, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, and microbial activity in soil : Effect of carbon sources, Soil  Biol. Biochem, 30, 995-1003 (1998) @No $ @ @ Milic V., Jarak M., Mrkovacki N., Milosevic N., Govedarica M., uric S. and Marinkovic. J., Microbiological fertilizer use and study of biological activity for soil protection purposes, Field Veg. Crop Res., 40, 153-169 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kawalekar J.S., Role of biofertilizers and bio-pesticides for sustainable Agriculture, J. Bio. Innov., 2(3)73-78 (2013) @No $ @ @ Venkatashwarlu B., Role of bio-fertilizers in organic farming : Organic farming in rain fed agriculture : Central institute for dry land agriculture, Hyderabad, 85-95 (2008) @No $ @ @  Sparks D.L. and Huang P.M., Physical chemistry of soil potassium. In Potassium in agriculture (ed.) Munson, R.D.,  American Soc. Agron. J., 201-276  (1987) @No $ @ @  Munson J.B., Foehring R.C., Lofton S.A., Zengel J.E. and Sypert G.W., Plasticity of medial gastrocnemius motor units following cordotomy in the cat., J Neurophysiol,  55, 619–634  (1986) @No $ @ @ Sparks D.L. and Huang P.M., Physical chemistry of soil potassium. In: Potassium in agriculture. Munson, R.D., Ed. Americ. Soci. of Agro. J., USA., 201-276 (1985) @No $ @ @  Zakaria A., Growth optimization of Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria isolated from biofertilizer.,Natural Resources Eng. Univ., 40 (2009) @No $ @ @  Barre P., Montagnier C., Chenu C., Abbadie L. and Velde B., Clay minerals as a soil potassium reservoir : Observation and quantification through X-ray diffraction., Plant Soil.,  302, 213–220 (2008) @No $ @ @  Pal D.K., Srivastava P., Durge S.L. and Bhattacharyya T., Role of weathering of fine-grained micas in potassium management of Indian soils.,  Appl. Clay Sci., 20, 39–52 (2001) @No $ @ @  Basak B.B. and Biswas D.R., Co-inoculation of potassium solubilizing and nitrogen fixing bacteria on solubilization of waste mica and their effect on growth promotion and nutrient acquisition by a forage crop., Biol. Fertil. Soils, Can. J. Microbiol., 52, 66–72 (2010) @No $ @ @  Schroeder B.L., Wood A.W., Hardy S., Moody P. and Panitz J., Soil-specific nutrient management guidelines for sugarcane production in the Proserpine district, BSES Technical Publication TE04003, 59 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ghosh A.B. and Hasan R., Soil fertility map of India, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi  (1980) @No $ @ @ Anonymous, Information on Horticulture and Various Crops. Directorate General Production of Horticulture and Various Plants, Jakarta Indonesia (2003) @No $ @ @  Bensal S.K., Moiniddin P., crop responces to balanced nutrition management in india. Proceedings of International Symposium of the soil and Water Research Institute, University of Tehran (Iran), 57-68 (1999) @No $ @ @  Mikhailouskaya N. and Tcherhysh A., K-mobilizing bacteria and their effect on wheat yield. Latvian J Agron, ,154–7 (2005) @No $ @ @  Sheng X.F., He. L.Y. and Huang W.Y., The conditions of releasing potassium by a silicate-dissolving bacterial strain NBT,  Agric Sci China,  , 662–665 (2002) @No $ @ @  Zhang A., Zhao G., Gao T, Wang W, Li J and Zhang S., Solubilization of insoluble potassium and phosphate by Paenibacillus kribensis a soil microorganismwith biological control potential., Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.,7(1),41–7 (2013) @No $ @ @  Uroz S., Calvaruso C., Turpault M.P. and Freyklett P., Mineral weathering by bacteria: ecology, actors and mechanisms., Trends Microbiol., 17, 378–87 (2009) @No $ @ @  Subba Roa N.S.,  An appraisal of biofertilizers in India. The biotechnology of biofertilizers, (ed.) S. Kannaiyan, Narosa Pub. House, New, (2001) @No $ @ @  Zhanga C. and Konga F., Isolation and identification of potassium-solubilizing bacteria from tobacco rhizospheric soil and their effect on tobacco plants,  Applied Soil Eco.,  82, 18–25 (2014) @No $ @ @  Parmar P. and Sindhu S.S., Potassium solubilization by rhizosphere bacteria: influence of nutritional and environmental conditions., J Microbio. Res.,  3(1), 25–31(2013) @No $ @ @ Rajawat M.V.S., Singh S., Singh G. and Saxena A.K., Isolation and characterization of K-solubilizing bacteria isolated from different rhizospheric soil. In proceeding of : Annual Conference of Microbiologists of India, At Punjab University, Punjab, India, (2012) @No $ @ @ Zhao F., Sheng X, Huang Z, He L., Isolation of mineral potassium-solubilizing bacterial strains from agricultural soils in Shandong Province., Biodiv. Sci., 16, 593–600 (2008) @No $ @ @  Archana D.S., Nandish M.S., Savalagi V.P. and Alagawadi A.R., Characterization of potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB) from rhizosphere soil. Bioinfolet, 10, 248–257 (2013) @No 
@Case Study
<#LINE#>Survey of effective Parameters in People participation in Sorting the Waste (case study Tehran, IRAN, Region 1)<#LINE#>Vaezi@MonirehMajlessi,Ph.D.Aida<#LINE#>86-91<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-140.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public health. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, IRAN @ Dept. of Environmental Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>21/5/2014<#LINE#>7/7/2014<#LINE#>  At present the solid waste of district 1 of Tehran with approximate daily weight of 2678 tons is collected by a contracting company equipped with 24 pickup trucks from door to door, also 17 prefabricated connex chambers have been placed in various locations in district, to receive the solid waste recyclable being delivered by the residents, the approximate daily weight of the solid waste is 103 tons. In this research the participation and cooperation of the district residences for separation and sorting of solid waste from outset have been assessed and their feedback concerning their training, their level of satisfaction on the position, volume and quality of the waste containers, the efficiency of mechanized collection, the information and the knowledge of residents about the implementation of the overall plan, its flaws and its advantages, have been fully studied. The results indicate that the degrees of citizens participation in separation and sorting of solid waste depend on their knowledge and awareness, the practical capabilities of the contraction, their satisfaction of mechanized collection, and the training rendered. <#LINE#> @ @ Abdoli M.A. and Monavari M., Environmental impact assessment of landfills (case study Andimeshk). Environmental and science technology, 11, 503-513 (2009) @No $ @ @ Behjati A. and Haeripour S., Study of women’s participation in solid waste management using AHP method at Tonekabon, proceeding of sixth international congress on the solid waste management, Mashhad, Iran, 1 (2012) @No $ @ @ Falahigilan R. and Darvish A., Knowledge and importance of sorting the waste and protecting the environment, proceeding of fifth national congress on the environmental engineering, Tehran, Iran, 1 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hassani A. and Monavari M., Survey of sorting the waste in the origin (in accordance with technical norms) from economic of environment point of view, Environment and science technology,11, 117-126 (2009) @No $ @ @ Najafishalmaei. M. and Sarhadi S., The project of getting the opinion of the people with regards to performance of mechanized collection of the waste, Proceeding of forth national congress on the solid waste management, Mashhad, Iran, 1 (2008) @No