@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Molecular Identification of Listeria Species from Vegetables Marketed in Mysore, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>Sangeetha@MahadevaiahShantha,Gopal@Shubha<#LINE#>1-4<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-82.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, INDIA <#LINE#>1/4/2014<#LINE#>8/7/2014<#LINE#>  The incidence of Listeria species in vegetables marketed in Mysore city, Karnataka, India was studied. One hundred and sixty five vegetable samples marketed were analyzed for the presence of Listeria spp. Cold enrichment procedure was used for the isolation and plating was done on two selective agars PALCAM and Oxford agars. The identification of the isolates was done by biochemical characterization and confirmation by Polymerase Chain Reaction using species and genus specific primers. Three samples were found positive for Listeria spp. and they were confirmed as L. innocua and L. seeligeri.  <#LINE#> @ @ http://www.ehagroup.com/food-safety/fruits-vegetables (2014) @No $ @ @ Beuchat L.R.,  Listeria monocytogenes: Incidence on vegetables, Food Control, 7(4-5), 223-228 (1996) @No $ @ @ Khelef N., Lecuit M., Buchrieser C., Cabanes D.,  Dussurget O. and Cossart P., Bacteria : Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, In M. Dworkin (Ed.), Prokaryotes A handbook on the biology of bacteria. New York: Springer, 4, 404-476, (2006) @No $ @ @ Mc Lauchlin J. and Rees C.E.D., Genus Listeria Pirie 1940a, 383AL, In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, New York : Springer; The Firmicutes 2, ISBN 978-0-387-95041-9, (1997) @No $ @ @ Bertsch D., Rau J., Eugster M.R., Haug M.C., Lawson P.A., Lacroix C. and Meile L., Listeria fleischmannii sp. nov., isolated from cheese, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Micr.,63, 526-532 (2013) @No $ @ @ Halter E.L., Neuhaus K. and Scherer S., Listeria weihenstephanensis sp. nov., isolated from the water plant Lemna trisulca taken from a freshwater pond, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Micr.,63, 641-647 (2013) @No $ @ @ Liu D., Identification, subtyping and virulence determination of Listeria monocytogenes, an important foodborne pathogen, J. Med. Microbiol.,55, 645-659 (2006) @No $ @ @ Freitag N.E., Port G.C. and Miner M.D., Listeria monocytogenes - from saprophyte to intracellular pathogen, Nat. Rev. Microbiol.,, 623-628 (2009) @No $ @ @ Dhanashree B., Otta S.K., Karunasagar I., Goebel W. and Karunasagar I., Incidence of Listeria species in clinical and food samples in Mangalore, India, Food Microbiol.,20, 447- 453 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bubert A., Kohler S. and Goebel W., The homologous and heterologous regions within the iap gene allow genus- and species specific identification of Listeria spp. by Polymerase chain reaction, Appl. Environ. Microb.,58(8), 2625-2632 (1992) @No $ @ @ Bubert A., Hein I., Rauch M.,   Lehner A.,  Yoon B., Goebel W. and Wagner M.,  Detection and Differentiation of Listeria spp. by a Single Reaction Based on Multiplex PCR,  Appl. Environ. Microb.,65(10), 4688–4692  (1999) @No $ @ @ Burnett S.L. and Beuchat L.R., Human pathogens associated with raw produce and unpasteurized juices, and difficulties in decontamination, J. Ind. Microbiol. Biot.,27(2), 104-110 (2001) @No $ @ @ Johnston L.M., Jaykus L.A., Moll D., Anciso J., Mora B. and Moe C.L., A field study of the microbiological quality of fresh produce of domestic and Mexican origin, Int. J. Food Microbio.,112(2), 83-95 (2006) @No $ @ @ Arumugaswamy R.K., Ali G.R. and Abd Hamid S.N., Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in foods in Malaysia, Int. J. Food Microbio.,23(1), 117-21 (1994) @No $ @ @ Abadias M., Usall J., Anguera M., Solsona C. and Viñas I., Microbiological quality of fresh, minimally-processed fruit and vegetables, and sprouts from retail establishments Int. J. Food Microbio.,123, 121–129 (2008) @No $ @ @ Gianfranceschi M., Gattuso A.,  Tartaro S. and Aureli P., Incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in food and environmental samples in Italy between 1990 and 1999: Serotype distribution in food, environmental and clinical samples,  Eur. J. Epidemiol., 18(10), 1001-1006 (2003) @No $ @ @ Wong H.C., Chao W.L. and  Lee S.J., Incidence and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in foods available in Taiwan, Appl.Environ. Microb.,56(10), 3101–3104 (1990) @No $ @ @ Szymczak B., Szymczak M., Sawicki W. and Dbrowski W., Anthropogenic impact on the presence of . monocytogenes in soil, fruits, and vegetables, Folia Microbiol.,59(1), 23-29 (2013) @No $ @ @  Lin C.M., Fernando S.M. and Wei C., Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and E. coli O157:H7 in vegetable salads, Food Control, 7(3), 135–140 (1996) @No $ @ @  Heisick J.E., Wagner D.E.,  Nierman M.L. and Peeler J.T., Listeria spp. found on fresh market produce, Appl. Environ. Microb., 55(8), 1925–1927 (1989) @No $ @ @ Ponniah J., Robin T., Paie M.S., Radu S., Ghazali F.M., Kqueen C.Y., Nishibuchi M., Nakaguchi Y., and Malakar P.K., Listeria monocytogenes in raw salad vegetables sold at retail level in Malaysia, Food Control,21(5), 774-778 (2010) @No 
<#LINE#>Pathogenicity Study of Southern Root Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Incognita Chitwood) on Roma King Tomato Cultivar (CV)<#LINE#>J.A.@Bawa,Z.R.@Bashir,K.A.@AndSani<#LINE#>5-9<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-121.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutsinma, Katsina State, NIGERIA @ School of Nursing and Midwifery Gusau, Zamfara State, NIGERIA <#LINE#>6/6/2014<#LINE#>19/9/2014<#LINE#>  Seedlings of the hybrid tomato ‘Roma king’ cultivar (cv.) grown in a steam sterilized soil were inoculated with Root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) eggs, under screen house temperature 27±2C. Serially graded inocula of 2, 000, 4, 000, 6, 000, 8, 000 and 10, 000 eggs that hatched from the second stage juvenile (J2) of the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, extracted from infested roots of a hybrid okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) were applied around the bases of 12 day-old tomato cv. seedlings. At high inoculums levels of 6, 000, 8, 000 and 10, 000 eggs; flowering, number of leaf, plant height and fruit yield were significantly (p &#x0000; 0.05) reduced. 100% loss occurred on number of fruit and fruit weight of tomato plants inoculated with 10, 000 eggs. Stunted stems with darker linings, poor flowering, small and chlorotic leaves, reduced size and weight of fruits and root galling all increased with the initial nematode population.  <#LINE#> @ @ Simon J.H. and Sobulo R.A., Methods for higher tomato yield in Western State of Nigeria, paper presented at Institute of Agric. Research Conference, Ibadan, Nigeria,35-42 (1974) @No $ @ @ South Pacific Foods., Green leaves in South Pacific Foods Leaflets at South pacific Commission, Community Health Services 6 leaflet, (1995) @No $ @ @ FAO., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation. Produciton Year Book, 326 (1998) @No $ @ @ Abdullahi, S.M., The Origin and Benefits of Tomatoes as a Home Garden and Commercial Vegetable, Eletronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry,   12 (01),(2009) @No $ @ @ FCPSAR: Fadama Crop Production Survey and Annual Region. Agricultural Project Monitoring and Evaluation Unit,  Kaduna, Nigeria, (1996) @No $ @ @ Jepson S.B., Identification of Root-Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne Species). CAB International, Wallingford, UK (1987) @No $ @ @ Udo I.A., Uguru M.I. and Ogbuji R.O., Pathogenicity of Meloidogyne incognita Race 1 on Tomato as Influenced by Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Bioformulated Paecilomyces lilacinus in a Dysteric Cambisol Soil, Journal of Plant Protection Research, 4 (3),(2003) @No $ @ @ Lamberti, F. and Taylor, C.E., Root knot Nematodes Meloidogyne Species) Eds Academic Press, New York, 987-1023 (1979) @No $ @ @ Karssen G., The Plant-Parasitic Nematode Genus Meloidogyne Goeldi, 1892 (Tylenchida) in Europe, Brill Academic Publishers, Boston MA, 1230 (2002) @No $ @ @ Blake James H. and Nancy D., Root knot Nematodes in the Vegetable Garden Clemson Extension HGIC 2216. http://www.hgic.clemson.edu/factsheets/HGIC2216.htm., Burpee Seed Company, 231-235 (1999) @No $ @ @ Viaene, N.M., Management of Meloidogyne hapla on lettuce in organic soil with Sudan grass as a cover crop, Plant Disease82: 945-952 (1998) , http://www.ces.uga.edu/pubcd/l209-w.html. @No $ @ @  Starr J.L., Bridge J. and Cook R., Plant Resistance to Parasitic Nematodes, CABI Publishing, Cambridge MA, 670-675 (2002) @No $ @ @ Stone A.G., Vallad G.E., Coopeaband L.R. and Goodman R.M., Impact of Animal Organic Amendment on Disease Incidence in a Three Year Vegetable Rotation, Soil Science Abstracts, 85 (2000) @No $ @ @ Agbenin N.O., Emechebe A.M. and Merly P.S., Evaluation of Neem Powder for Fusarium wilt and Meloidogyne Control on Tomato. Journal of Laboratory Assessment in Phytopathology,  37 (4), 320-321 (2004) @No $ @ @ Olabiyi T.I., Assessment of the Nematoxic Properties of the Water Extracts of four Plants species on Root knot nematode infection of Coelosia argentea (L.) Zuma Plant Pathology Journal5(2), 167-170 (2004) @No $ @ @ Makumbi-kidza N.N., Speijer N.O. and Sikora R.A., Effects of Meloidogyne incognita on Growth and Storage-Root Formation of Cassava (Manihot esculenta). Journal of Nematology, 32(4), 475–477 (2000) @No $ @ @ Hussey R.S. and Barker K.R., A Comparison of Methods of Collecting Inocula for Meloidogyne spp., including a New Technique. Plant Disease Reporter, 57: 1025 – 1028 (1973) @No $ @ @ Bonetti J.I.S. and Ferraz S., Method of Extraction and Handling Tropical Crops and Diseases, Brasiliera3, 12-14 (1981) @No $ @ @ Taylor A.I. and Sasser J.N., Biological : Identification and Control of Root knot Nematodes (Meloidogynespecies). North Carolina State University Releigh Graphics USA, 111 (1978) @No $ @ @ Southey J.F., Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes, Ministry of Agric and Fishery Food, HMCO London, 202 (1986) @No $ @ @ SAS., User’s Guide Statistics Version 6.09 Edu. SAS Institute Cary NC. USA, 41-43 (1997) @No $ @ @ Babatola J.O. and Omotade, M.A., Chemical control of Nematode Pests of Cowpea, Journal of Crop Protection, 13, 131-132 (1990) @No $ @ @ Wilson W.R., Root-eel worm, Technical Report No. 24, Ministry of Agriculture Northern Nigeria,1-3 (1982) @No $ @ @ Stirling G. R., Stanton J.M. and Marshall J. W., The Importance of Plant-parasitic Nematodes to Australian and New Zealand Agriculture. Australasian Plant Pathology, 21, 104 –115 (1992) @No $ @ @ Tariq M., Shahnaz D., Fatima S., Mehdi M. and Muhammad J.Z., The Effect of Mangroves Amendments to      Soil on Root rot and Root knot of patato (Solanum tuberosum) Acta Agrobotanica2008) @No $ @ @ Eisenback J.D. and Triantaphyllou H.H., Root-knot Nematodes: Meloidogyne species and races, In : Manual of Agricultural Nematology, W. R. Nickle. (Ed). Marcel Dekker, New York, 281-286 (1991) @No $ @ @ Olowe T., Cowpea Germplasm Resistant to Meloidogyne arenaria Race 1, Meloidogyne incognita Race 4 and   Meloidogyne javanica.  European Scientific JournalResearch, 85 (2009) @No $ @ @ Khalil M.S.H., Allam A.F. and Barakat A.S., Nematicidal Activity of Some Biopesticide Agents and       Microorganisms against Root knot Nematode on Tomato plants under Green house Conditions, Journal of Plant Protection Research,2 (3), 102-103 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Field study on Miticidal activity of some Plant extracts on Leaf Galls of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre in Forest nursery of Indore, India<#LINE#>Hemant@Pathak,Saurabh@Maru,Satya@H.N.,S.C.@Silawat<#LINE#>10-14<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-138.pdf<#LINE#>Research and Extension Circle, Khandwa road, Indore, INDIA @ Department of Pharmacy, SGSITS College, Indore, INDIA @ Retd. Prof. of Botany, Holkar Science College, Indore, INDIA <#LINE#>20/5/2014<#LINE#>27/9/2014<#LINE#>  Gall formation is the consequence of interaction between the offensive stimulation of the insect and the defensive response of the plant. Eriophyes cheriani massee is a gall formation insect found on the leaves of Pongamia pinnata. In current study, Different concentrations of leaf aqueous and ethanol extract of Calotropis procera, Ipomoea carnea and Thevetia peruviana were tested against galls inducing insect Eriophyes cheriani massee on host plant Pongamia pinnata. Prepared leaf extracts were tested in field condition and the most effective concentration has been worked out.  <#LINE#> @ @ Sundararaj R., Evaluation of neem seed oil and some insecticides against the babul whitefly Acaudaleyrodes rachipora (Singh) (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera) on Acacia senegal seedlings, Pestology, 21(5), 34-37, (1997) @No $ @ @ Koshia Hemant Gordhanbhai, Studies on effect of medicated oil formulations of Karanj oil (Derris Indica), Ph.D. Thesis, C.U. Shah College of pharmacy & research, Saurashtra University, India, (2010) @No $ @ @ Devaraj R., Damage potential and management of the flower gall inducers of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, Ph.D. Thesis, Forest research institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, (2012) @No $ @ @ Mani M.S., Plant galls of India, Oxford, IBH, New Delhi, 490, (2000) @No $ @ @ David M., Bharath K. R. and Bhavani M., Study of Calotropis gigantea R. Br. Extracts on Growthand Survival Dynamics of Selected Pathogenic Microorganisms, International Journal of Biological Engineering,1(1), 1-5, (2011) @No $ @ @ Sharma Shiv Narayan, Jha Zenu, Tiwari Mahendra Sharan, Baghel Dinesh and Sharma D.K., Standardization and Quality Evaluation of Herbal Pesticide, African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences,2(5-6), 184-187 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sharma P., Tomar L., Bachwani M. and  Bansal V., Review on Neem (Azadirechta indica): Thousand Problem One Solution, Int. Res. J. of Pharmacy, 2(12), 97-102 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mondal D. and Mondal T., A Review on efficacy of Azadirachta indica A. Juss based biopesticides: An Indian perspective, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(3), 94-99 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kareru P.G., Keriko J.M. and Kenji G.M., Gachanja A.N., Anti-termite and antimicrobial properties of paint made from Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) Schum. Oil extract, African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 4(2), 087-089, (2010) @No $ @ @ Gupta R., Kachhawa J.B., Gupta R.S., Sharma A.K., Sharma M.C. and Dobhal M.P., Photochemical evaluation and antispermatogenic activity of Thevetia peruviana methanol extract in male albino rats,"Hum Fertil (Camb), IRJP, 14(1):5, 3-9, (2011) @No $ @ @ Singh S.K.,Yadav R.P. and Singh A., Piscicidal activity of leaf and bark extract of Thevetia peruviana plant and their biochemical stress response on fish metabolism, IRJP, 14(11):9, 15-23, (2010) @No $ @ @ Agnello X., Naveen J., Deepa C., Kavitha K. K. and Jegadees M., An study on biopesticidal activity of ipomea carnea, jatropha curcas and calotropis gigantea against leaf folder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis),IJPBS, 3(3), 135-146, (2013) @No $ @ @ Hueza José M., Guerra L., Haraguchi Mitsue, Dale  R., Assessment of the perinatal effects of maternal ingestion of Ipomea carnea in rats, Experiment and Toxicologic Pathology,58(6), 439-446, (2007) @No $ @ @ Bakavathiappan Ga., Baskaran S., Pavaraj M. and Jeyaparvathi S., Effect of Calotropis procera leaf extract on Spodoptera litura (Fab.), J. Biopest., 5(Supplementary):, 135-138, (2012) @No $ @ @ Abbasi A.B., Khan A.A., Bibi R., Iqbal M.S. and Sherani J., Assessment of Calotropis Procera Aiton and Datura Alba Nees Leaves Extracts as Bio-Insecticides Against Tribolium Castaneum Herbst in Stored Wheat Triticum Aestivum L., J Biofertil. Biopestici.,3, 126 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chopra R.N., Nayar S.I. and Chopra I.C., Glossary of Medicinal Plants. C.S.I.R. New Delhi (1956) @No $ @ @ Begum N., Sharma B. and Pandey R.S., Evaluation of Insecticidal Efficacy of Calotropis Procera and Annona Squamosa Ethanol Extracts Against Musca Domestica, J Biofertil. Biopestici.,1, 101, (2011) @No  
<#LINE#>Bacteriological analysis of Fresh vegetables and Fruits of local market and effect of Pretreatment by Antimicrobial agents on their Quality<#LINE#>Shobha@Shrivastava<#LINE#>15-17<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-145.pdf<#LINE#>  Deptt. of botany, Govt. M.L.B Girls P.G.  (Autonomous) college, Bhopal, MP, INDIA <#LINE#>27/5/2014<#LINE#>23/9/2014<#LINE#>  Fresh vegetables and fruits are most recommended and widely consumed highly nutritious form of food.  Chemical composition and nutritive value of these produce are often influenced by a number of pathogenic microorganisms.  The damage and losses incurred very with the crop growing conditions in the field, improper and unhygienic handling during harvesting as well as transit and storage conditions. So, it is very important to detect and identify the microbial flora associated with fresh fruits and vegetables.  75 samples collected randomly from different sources, were analyzed and various pathogens were isolated and identified.  Among them E.Coli was found to be pre-dominant, followed by Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Salmonella and Shigella sps. The antimicrobial agents were found suitable for eradicating pathogenic bacteria from these produce after rinsing by them.  <#LINE#> @ @ Beuchat C.R., PathogenicMicroorganisms associated with fresh produce, J. Food Prot,59, 204-216 (1995) @No $ @ @ Beuchat L.R., Surface decontamination of fruits and vegetables eaten raw : A review, Food safety Unit, W.H.O/FSF/FS/982, (1998) @No $ @ @ Tambekar C.H. and R.H. Mundhana, Bacteriological quality of Salad, vegetables and fruits and effect of antimicrobial agents on microbial load, 1-9 (2000) @No $ @ @ Vishwanath P and Kaur R., Prevalence and growth of pathogens on Salad vegetables, fruits and Sprouts, Intl. J. Hyg. Environ Health,203, 205-213 (2000) @No $ @ @ APHA, American Public Health Association, Compendium of methods for the Microbiological Examination of Fods, 2nd ed., Washington D.C. (1994) @No $ @ @ Bergey D.H., Hit J.G., Bergey’s determinative Bacteriology (9thed.) Lippincott Williams and Wiki Publishers, (1994) @No $ @ @ Dike. O Ukuku, Effects of Hydrogen peroxide treatment on microbial quality and appearance of whole and fresh cut melon contaminated with Salmonella, spp. Intl. J. of Food microbiology, (2), 137-146, (1995) @No $ @ @ Guide to minimize Microbial safety hazards for fresh fruits and vegetables by FDA, (2000) @No $ @ @ Pradhnya A. Joshi and Sonali P. Patel, In Microbiological analysis of fresh vegetables and fruits and effect of antimicrobial agents on microbial load,1-9, (2000) @No $ @ @ Gilman A. Francis, Effect of vegetables type and antimicrobial dipping on survival and growth of Listeria and E.coli., Int. J. of Food Sci. and Tech, 37(6), 711-718 (2002) @No  
<#LINE#>Toxic effects of Cadmium and Popper on Gillsurface Ultra structure of Anabas testudineus Bloch: A scanning Electron Microscopic Study<#LINE#>Rita@Chakpram,Abhik@Gupta<#LINE#>18-22<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-147.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, INDIA <#LINE#>29/5/2014<#LINE#>5/9/2014<#LINE#>  The effects of a 96 hexposure to 40.898 mg L-1 Cd and 0.980 mg L -1Cu, which represented the 96 h LC50 of these two metals, on gill surface ultra structure of Anabas testudineus was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Fish gills comprise primary and secondary lamellae, which have three different cell types: epithelial pavement cells, chloride cells and mucous cells. The changes in gill surface ultra structure were characterized by fusion of adjacent secondary lamellae, oedema, disruption of gill epithelium, and excretion of large amount of mucous on lamellar surface. These alterations demonstrate the morphological as well as physiological responses of the fish when exposed to Cd and Cu. The study shows scanning electron microscopy to be useful tool for identifying morphological biomarkers on the gills of Anabas testudineus. <#LINE#> @ @ Manoj K. and Padhy P.K. Oxidative stress and heavy metals: an appraisal with reference to environmental biology, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(10), 91-101 (2013) @No $ @ @ Rajiv P., Hasna A.S., Kamaraj M., Rajeshwari S. and Sankar A., Physico-chemical and microbial analysis of different river waters in Western Tamil Nadu, India. Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 1(1), 2-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Jezierska B. and Witeska M., Metal toxicity to fish. University of Podlasie, Siedlce (2001) @No $ @ @ Mendez-Armenta M. and Rios C., Cadmium neurotoxicity, Mini review, Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol.,  23, 350–358 (2007) @No $ @ @ Walkes M.P., Cadmium carcinogenesis in review, J. Inorg. Bichem., , 241–244 (2000) @No $ @ @ Gabbianelli R., Lupidi G., Villarini M. and  Falcioni G., DNA damage induced by copper in erythrocytes of gilthead sea bream Sparusaurata and mollusc, Scapharcainaequivalvis. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 45, 350–356 (2003) @No $ @ @ Cavas T., Garanko N.N. and Arkhipchuk V.V., Induction of micronuclei and binuclei in blood, gill and liver cells of fishes subchronically exposed to cadmium chloride andcopper sulphate, Food Chem Toxicol., 43, 569–574 (2005) @No $ @ @ Fedeli D., Carloni M. and Falcioni G., Oxidative damage in trout erythrocyte in response to ‘‘in vitro’’ copper exposure, Marine Environ. Res., 69, 172–177 (2010) @No $ @ @ Nwajei G.E., Obi–Iyeke G.E. and Okwagi P., Distribution of selected trace metal in fish parts from the River Niger, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(1), 81-84 (2012) @No $ @ @ Maina J.N., The Gas Exchangers. Structure, Function and Evolution of the Respiratory Processes, Springer, New York, 498 (1998) @No $ @ @ Wendelaar Bonga S.E. and Lock R.A.C.,  The osmoregulatory system, in Di Giulio, R.T. and Hinton, D.E. (Eds) : The Toxicology of Fishes, CRC Press-Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, 401–415 (2008) @No $ @ @ Vigliano F.A., Aleman N., Quiroga M.I. and Nieto J.M., Ultrastructural characterization of gills in juveniles Argentinian Silverside, Odontesthesbonariensis (Valenciennes 1835) @No $ @ @ (Teleostei : Atheriniformes), Anat. Histol. And Embryol., 35, 76–83 (2006) @No $ @ @ Ganguly S., Human Health benefits from fish consumption and environmental toxicity issues in fish flesh, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(9), 84-85 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kartika B., Diana A., Marsoedi and Hakim H., Effects of protein levels on the growth of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus Galam type, in Peat water, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(4), 55-58 (2013) @No $ @ @  Kirschner L.B., The mechanism of sodium chloride uptake in hyper regulating aquatic animals, J. Exp. Biol., 207, 1439–1452 (2004) @No $ @ @  Evans D.H., Piermarini P.M. and Choe K.P., The multifunctional fish gill: dominant site of gas exchange, osmoregulation, acid-base regulation, and excretion of nitrogenous waste.  Physiol. Rev., 85, 97–177 (2005) @No $ @ @  Fernandes M.N. and Perna-Martins S.A., Epithelial gill cells in the armoredcatfish, Hypostomus CF. Plecostomus (Loricariidae),  Revista Brasileira de Biología,  61, 69–78 (2001) @No $ @ @  Poleksic V., Lenhardt M., Jaric I., Djordjevic D., Gacic Z., Cvijanovic G. and Raskovic B., Liver, gills, and skin histopathology and heavy metal content of the Danube starlet (Acipenserruthenus Linnaeus, 1758) , Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 29(3), 515–521 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chakpram R. and Gupta A., Effects of cadmium and copper on survival and growth of Anabas testudineus, Bloch, Res. J. Chem. Environ. Sci. 2(2) (2014) @No $ @ @ Gupta S. and Gupta A., Scanning electron microscopic study of the cuticular structures on the head of Gerris Sp. (Hemiptera: Gerridae) and Cloeon Sp. (Ephemeroptera : Baetidae), Entomen., 29(1), 25-30 (2004) @No $ @ @ 1.Thophon S., Kruatrachue M., Upatham E.S., Pokethitiyook P., Sahaphong S. and Jaritkhuan S., Histopathological alterations of white seabass Latescalcarifer, in acute and subchronic cadmium exposure. Environ. Pollut., 121, 307-320 (2003) @No $ @ @ Dang Z., Lock R.A.C. and Flik G., Wendelaar Bonga S.E., Metallothionein response in gills of Oreochromismossambicus exposed to copper in fresh water, Am. J. Physiol–Regul. Integr, Comp. Physiol., 277, 320–331 (1999) @No $ @ @ Cengiz E.I. and Unlu E., Histopathological changes in the gills of mosquito fish Gambusiaaffinis exposed to endosulfan, Bull. Environ. Contam.Toxicol., 68, 290–296 (2002) @No $ @ @  Poleksic V. and Jermic S., Effects of acute cyanide poisoning on the fish gills, Ind.Pol., , 802–808 (2003) @No $ @ @  Parashar R.S. and Banerjee T.K.., Toxic impact of lethal concentration of leadnitrate on the gills of air-breathing catfish Heteropneustesfossilis (Bloch), Vet.Arch., 72, 167–183 (2002) @No $ @ @  Stouthart  A.J.H.X., Spanings  F.A.T., Lock R.A.C. and Wendelaar Bonga  S.E., Effects of water pH on chromium toxicity to early life stages of the common carp (Cyprinuscarpio), Aquat. Toxicol., 32, 31–42 (1995) @No $ @ @  Mazon A.F., Cerqueira C.C.C. and Fernandes M.N., Gill cellular changes induced by copper exposure in the South American tropical freshwater fish Prochilodusscrofa, Environ. Res., 88A, 52–63 (2002) @No $ @ @  Monteiro S.M., Rocha E., Mancera J.M., Fontaínhas-Fernandes, A. and Sousa M. A stereological study of copper toxicity in gills of Oreochromisniloticus, Ecotox. Environ. Saf., 72, 213–223 (2009) @No $ @ @  Palaniappan P.L.RM., Selvi Sabhanayakam, Krishnakumar N. and  Vadivelu M., Morphological changes due to lead exposure and the influence of DMSA on the gill tissues of the freshwater fish, Catlacatla, Food and chemical Toxicol., 46, 2440-2444 (2008) @No $ @ @  Daiane C.M.S., Sergio L.P.M., Juraci A.O. and Jorge A.D.S., Histological alterations in gills of Astyanaxaff. bimaculatus caused by acute exposition to zinc, Exp. Toxicol. pathol., 64(7-8), 861-866 (2012) @No $ @ @  Ferrari L., Eissa B.L., Ossana N.A. and Salibián A., Effects of sublethal waterborne cadmiumon gills in three teleosteanspecies : Scanning electron microscope study,Int. J. Environ. Health., 3(4), 410-426 (2009) @No $ @ @  Laurent P., Hobe H. and Dunel-Erb S., The role of environmental sodium chloriderelative to calcium in gill morphology of fresh water salmonid fish, Cell Tissue Res., 240, 675–692 (1985) @No $ @ @ Pisam M. and Rambourg A., Mitochondria-rich cells in the gill epithelium ofteleost fishes : An ultra structural approach, Int. Rev. Cytol., 130, 191–232 (1991) @No $ @ @  Saboia-Moraes S.M.T., Hernandez-Blazquez F.J., Mota D.L. and  Bittencourt A.M., Mucous cell types in the branchial epithelium of the euryhaline fish Poeciliavivipara, J. Fish Biol., 49, 545–548 (1996) @No $ @ @  Mc Cahon C.P., Pascoe D. and  Kavnagh M., Histochemical observations on the salmonids Salmosalar . and Samotruta L. and the ephemeropterans Baetisrhodani (Pict.) and Ecdyonurusvenosus (Fabr.) following a simulated episode of acidity in an upland stream, Hydrobiologia.,153, 3–12 (1987) @No $ @ @  Handy R.D., Eddy F.B. and Romain G., In vitro evidence for the ionoregulatory role of rainbow trout mucus in acid, acid/aluminium and zinc toxicity, J. Fish Biol., 35, 737–747 (1989) @No $ @ @  Kossakowski M.K. and  Ostaszewska T., Histopathological changes in the Juvenilecarp Cyprinuscarpio, Arch. Pol. Fish., 11, 57–67 (2003) @No  
<#LINE#>Quality Assurance of Marketed Raw Milk in Bhopal city, MP, India<#LINE#>Neelu@Jain,Shobha@Shrivastava<#LINE#>23-27<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-168.pdf<#LINE#> Government Maharani Laxmi Bai Girls P.G. (Auto) College, Bhopal, M.P., INDIA <#LINE#>20/6/2014<#LINE#>27/9/2014<#LINE#>  The study was conducted to evaluate physicochemical and bacteriological quality of raw milk in Bhopal city (M.P) India. Milk samples were collected randomly encompassing whole city from milk vendors and milk vending shops for two consecutive years i.e. 2009-2010. The physicochemical parameters include Temperature, pH, Titrable acidity, Density and Conductivity, Additionally microbiological evaluation were based on Standard plate Count and Coliform counts. The results for milk vendors showed Temperature 18.19C, pH 6.61, Titrable acidity 0.183%, density 1.024g/ml, Conductivity 3.39 ms/cm and SPC 6.13±0.083 Ccfu/ml and Coliform count 4.01±0.1413 cfu/ml. furthermore the values of sample for milk vending shops were Temperature 13.6C,  pH 6.34, Titrable acidity 0.181% , Density 1.026 g/ml, Conductivity 3.64 ms/cm, and SPC 6.37±0.085 Ccfu/ml and Coliform count 4.01±0.180cfu/ml. statistical analysis of data revealed that there is significant difference between sample of different sources at 5% significance level. <#LINE#> @ @ IDF, International Dairy Federation, Milk collection in warm developing countries, Squire Verboten Brussels, Belgium, 57-59 (1990) @No $ @ @ Parekh J.V., Sustainable profitable dairying through innovation, In Souvenir, National seminar on paradigm shift in Indian dairy industry held at SMC College of Dairy Science, Anand agricultural university, Anand., May, 21-22, 14-20 (2011) @No $ @ @ AOAC, Dairy products, In: Official Method of Analysis. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists,  16 Th Editions 481 North Fredrick Avenue Gaitherburg, Maryland, U.S.A (2005) @No $ @ @ Andrews D., Manual of food quality control: microbiological analysis. 4 Revision-1, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pub., Rome (1992) @No $ @ @ APHA, In Compendium Methods for the Microbial Examination of Foods,  Downes, F. P. and K. Ito (Eds.), th Edn,, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C., 63-68, 159-164 (1992) @No $ @ @ Maturin L.J. and Peeler J.T., Bacteriological analytical manual online, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Chapter-3, Aerobic plate count (2001) @No $ @ @ www.file: //\\fileserver\WorkSpace\temp\MICRO\BAM Jul05\BAMSTPs\bam-3.htm, dated 12\29\2007.  7.Tassew A. and SeifuE., Microbiological quality of raw cow’s milk collected from farmers and dairy co-operatives in Bahir Dar Zuria and Mecca district, Ethiopia, Agric. Biol. J. Nu. Am., 2(1), 29 -33 (2011) @No $ @ @ Shojaei Z.A., and Yadollahi A., Physico chemical and Microbiological Quality of Raw, Pasteurized and UHT milk in shops, Asian .J. of Sci. Research,1(5),  532–538 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mwangi A., Arimi S.M., Mbugua S., Kangethe E.K. and Omore A.O., Assurance of marketed milk quality in Kenya, Paper presented at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biennial Scientific Conference, 30-31 Aug. University of Nairobi., Kenya (2000) @No $ @ @ Walstra P., Wouters J.T.M and Geurts I.J., Dairy Science and Technology, 2 nd Ed., CRC Press, Taylor and Francis group, Boca Raton (2006) @No $ @ @ Kurt A., Cakmakci S. and Caylar S., Guide of inspection and analysis method in Milk and Milk product, Agricultural Faculty Press, E. Rzurum, 284 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kanwal R., Ahmed T. and  Mirza B., Comparative analysis of quality of milk collected from Rawalpindi / Islamabad region (Pakistan),  Pak. J. Food Sci., 12,29-33 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ozrenk E. and Selcuk I.S., The effect of seasonal variation on the composition of cow milk in Van province, Pak. J. Nutr., 7, 161-164 (2008) @No $ @ @ Yadav J.S, Grover S. and Batish V.K., Comprehensive Dairy Microbiological I ST Edition metropolitan Book Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 210 -214 (1993) @No $ @ @ Mennane Z., Ouhssine M., Khedid K. and Elyachioui M., Hygienic quality of raw cow milk feeding from domestic waste in two regions in Morocco,  Int. J. Agriculture and Biology,   (1), 46-48 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mixel, Effect of freezing on bacterial growth and formation of lactic acid from lactose, Arch. Pediatrics37, 270 (1920) @No $ @ @ Hassan A., Amjad I. and Mohmood S., Microbiological and Physico-chemical analysis of different UHT milks available in markets, African J. of Food Science., 3(4), 100-106 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sharma R., Chemical and microbiological analysis of milk and milk products, International book distributing Co., Lucknow, India, 1-133, 190 (2006) @No $ @ @ Tasci F., Microbiological and chemical properties of raw milk consumed in Burdar, J .of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 10(5), 635 – 641 (2011) @No $ @ @ Mabrook M.F. and Petty M.C., Effect of composition on the electrical Conductance of milk,  J. Food Engin., 60, 321–325 (2003) @No $ @ @ Chandrasekhar E. Motinia and Sunil Kumar,  Microbiological quality of raw milk and its public health significance, Journal Dairying Foods and H.S., 29(1), 15-18 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gopal krishnan B. N. and H. Laxminaryan, Studies on the Coliform Bacteria in Milk-I Source, Incidence and Distribution, Indian Dairy Research  Inst., 135-145 (1949) @No $ @ @ Dwivedi R.G., A note on bacteriological quality of market milk in Rewa city,  Ind. J. Dairy Sci., 29(1), 64–65 (1976) @No $ @ @ Kagkli D.M.M., Vancanneyt P., Vandamme C.H. and Cogan T.M., Contamination of milk by enterococci and Coliforms from bovine faces, J. App. Microbiol., 1364- 1507 (2006) @No  
<#LINE#>Study of Prevailing of Deuteromycetous Fungi on the Petro-Polluted Soil<#LINE#>T.@Benal,K.@Shivani,R.L.@Pagare,S@Chitnis<#LINE#>28-31<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-169.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Botany Govt. Holkar Science College Indore 452001, INDIA <#LINE#>26/6/2014<#LINE#>7/9/2014<#LINE#>  The present paper investigates deuteromycetous fungi on the petro-polluted soil. These are conducted by the enumeration  of the fungal population and the identification. Fungus observation physico-chemical analysis of soil and identification of the soil fungi. The soil sample examined for isolating fungi from petroleum contaminated site. Identified as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Mucor, Cladosporium, Morssonina Chaetomium, Curvularia, Helminthosporium, Alternaria and Trichoderma Species. The isolation of filamentous fungi in environments containing oil or its sub products found a very similar diversity of genera to that found in our study. Petro-polluted site the growth of fungal diversity was higher due to more carbon concentration. <#LINE#> @ @ Das K. and Mukherjee A.K., Crude petroleumbiodegradation efficiency of bacillus subtilish and Pseudomonas aeruginosastrains isolated from a petroleum-oil contaminated soil from North(2007) @No $ @ @ Alexander M., Biodegradation and Bioremediation. Academic Press, New York,(1994) @No $ @ @  Obire O and Anyanwu EC.concentrations of crude oil on fungal populations of soilInternational Journal Environmental Science and Technology.,6 (2),  211-218,(2004) @No $ @ @ Cerniglia CE., Fungal metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons : Papplications in bioremediationMicrobiology and Biotechnology @No $ @ @  Chaillan F, Fleche AL, Bury E, Phantavong Y, Crimount P, Saliot A and Oudot J.biodegradation potential of tropical aerocarbon-degrading microorganismMicrobiology, 155, 587-595, (1997)@No $ @ @ Akpoveta OV, Egharevba F and Medjor OWstudy on the hydrocarbon and its kinetics on kerosene simulated soil, International Journal of EnvironmentalScience, 2(1), 54-67, (2011) @No $ @ @  Oboh OB, Ilory OM, Akinyemi OJ and Adebusoye AS.Hydrocarbon degrading Potentials of bacteria isolated from a Nigerian Bitumen (Tarsland) depositScience, 4(3), 51-57, (2006) @No $ @ @  Reiche AP and Lemos JLS.degradacao de petroleo de linhagens de fungus  isoladas de     solo nordestino. In Cientifica, Centrode Tecnologia Mineral55, (2006)  @No $ @ @ Eja ME, Arikpo GE and Udo SM., The bioremediation potentials of fungal species isolated from soils polluted by petroleum products in cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria, International Journal of Natural and Applied Science, 1, 15-20,  (2006) @No $ @ @ Elisane ODS, Celia FCDR, Catia TDP, Ana VLS, Janaina FDMB, Susana JK and Carlos AVB.,Pre-screening of filamentous fungi isolated from a contaminated site in Southern Brazil for bioaugmentation purposes, African Journal of Biotechnology, 7, 1314-1317, (2008) @No $ @ @ Mancera-Lopez ME, Rodriguez-Casasola MT, Rios-Leal E, Esparza-Garcia F, Chavez-Gomez B, Rodriguez-Vazquez R and Barrera-Cortesa, J.Fungi and Bacteria isolated from Two Highly polluted Soils for Hydrocarbon Degradation, Acta  Chimica  Sloenica, 54 (1), 201-209, (2007) @No $ @ @ Ravelet C, Krivobok S, Sage L and Steiman R.,Biodegradation of Pyrene by Sediment Fungi, Chemosphere,40(5), 557-563, (2000) @No  
<#LINE#>Oogenesis in Eudichogaster Kinneari (Oligochaeta-Annelida): Histological and Histochemical Profile<#LINE#>Leena@Lakhani<#LINE#>32-36<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-172.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, Govt. Girls P.G. College, Ujjain, MP, INDIA <#LINE#>8/6/2014<#LINE#>13/9/2014<#LINE#>  Four succeeding stages in the Oogenesis were distinguished in Eudichogaster kinneari, based on shape, size and organisation of oocytes. These are undifferentiated, differentiated, previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes, as revealed by several histological and histochemical techniques. <#LINE#> @ @ Adiyodi K.G. and Adiyodi R.G., Reproductive biology of invertebrates. Oogenesis, oviposition., Oxford and IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi and Calcutta, , 357-422 (1983) @No $ @ @ Herlant-Meewis H., Neurosecretory phenomena during reproduction in Oligochaeta. In intersexuality in the animal kingdom., Ed. R. Reinboth., Springer Berlin, 57-63 (1975) @No $ @ @ Webber H.H. and Giese A.C., Reproductive cycle and gametogenesis in the black abalone Haliotis cracheroidii, Marine Biol., , 152-159 (1969) @No $ @ @ Stephenson J., The Oligochaeta., Oxford: Clarendon Press (1930) @No $ @ @ Hagadorn I.R., Hormonal control of spermatogenesis in Hirudo medicinalis, In IV symposium Internationale sur la neurosecretion., New York: Springer Verlag, 219-228 1967) 6.Clark R.B. and Olive P.J.W., Recent advances in polychaete endocrinology and reproductive biology, Oceanography and marine biology., Annual Review, II, 176-223 (1973) @No $ @ @ Kulkarni G.K., Nagabhushanam R. and Hanumante M.M., Reproductive biology of the Indian fresh water leech Poecilobdella viridis, Hydrobiologia, 58 (), 158-165 (1978) @No $ @ @ Kulkarni G.K. and Nagabhushanam R., Role of brain hormone in oogenesis of the Indian fresh water leech P. viridis during the annual reproductive cycle, Hydrobiologia, 69: 225-228 (1980) @No $ @ @  Webster P.M. and Richards K.S., spermatogenesis in the enchytraeid Lumbricillus rivalis (Oligochaeta: Annelida), J.Ultrastr. Res., 61, 62-77 (1977) @No $ @ @ Bentley M.G., An ultra structural study of Oogenesis in the polychaete Nephtys hombergi, Helgolander Meeresunters, 43, 157-169 (1989) @No $ @ @ Parthasarathi K. and Rangnathan L.S., influence of pressmud on the development of the ovary, Oogenesis and the neurosecretory cells of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae, African Zoology ,35(2), 281-286 (2000) @No $ @ @  Vijaya T.M., Middha S.K., T. Usha, Saini D. and Govindraj G., Histological studies of the ovary and the oviduct of the Vermicomposing earthworm from Indian subcontinent, Int. J. Fundamental Appl. Sci., 1(I), 3-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Vijaya T.M., Middha S.K., Talambedu V., Aruna H.K., Bharathi R., Saini D. and Govindraj G., Morphological and Histological studies on the Vermicomposing Indian earthworm Eudirilus eugeniae,WJZ., 7(2), 165-170 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sareen M.L. and Verma V., Morphological and Cytochemical studies of the vitellogenesis in Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta- Annelida), Res. Bull. Sci., Punjab Univ., 27 (I-II), 41-49 (1976) @No $ @ @ Anand C.S.K., Some aspects of neuroendocrinology of Indian leech Hirudo birmanica, Ph.D. Thesis, Marathwada University, Aurangabad India (1984) @No $ @ @  Sagar C.R., Impact of some pesticidal pollutants on the physiological activities of a fresh water leech P.granulosa, Ph.D. Thesis, Marathwada University, Aurangabad India (1989) @No $ @ @ Lakhani L., Effect of certain insecticides on neuroendocrine system and gonads in an earthworm  Eudichogaster kinneari (Stephenson) , Ph.D. Thesis, Vikram University, Ujjain, India,(1983) @No $ @ @  Lakhani L., Spermatogenesis in Eudichogaster kinneari (Oligocheta-Annelida): Histological and Histochemical profile,J.Ecobiol.,4(3), 177-181 (1992) @No $ @ @ Pastison C., Anatomic ultrastrurale du spermatozoide de la sangsue Hirudo medicinelis, L.C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 261, 2950-2953 (1965) @No $ @ @  Anderson W.A. and Curgy J.J., RNA synthesis in nuclei and mitochondria during spermatogenesis in Lumbricus terrestris, J. Submicros. Cytol., , 25-34 (1969) @No $ @ @  Bedre R.V., studies on the some physiological aspects of Indian earthworm M.houlletii, Ph.D. Thesis, Marathwada University, Aurangabad India (1986) @No $ @ @  Kulkarni V.D., Physiological studies on the earthworm Lampito mauritii in relation to the impact of some environmental factors, Ph.D. Thesis, Marathwada University, Aurangabad India (1989) @No $ @ @  Ramesh babu M., Shyamsundri K. and Hanumante Rao K., cytochemistry of oocytes in neries Onchophora horst (Annelida- polychaeta) Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.,India, 54 (B) II, 122-128 (1984) @No 
<#LINE#>The Morphometrical Characterisation of Normal Blood Cells of Two air-breathing fishes, Clarias batrachus and Anabas testudineus<#LINE#>Gayatri@Acharya,k.@MohantyPrafulla<#LINE#>37-41<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-178.pdf<#LINE#>  P.G. Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751 004 Odisha, INDIA <#LINE#>22/7/2014<#LINE#>24/10/2014<#LINE#>  Morphometrical analysis of blood cells plays a major role in fish pathology. Study of blood cells in many different species of fishes provides an interesting comparison of cell size in relation to their activities and habits. For morphometrical analysis of blood cells blood was drawn from the caudal vein and blood smears were prepared immediately after blood was obtained and stained with Giemsa stain.  Blood cells and its nucleus length and breadth were measured in micron meter. In this investigation five types of blood cells were found those are erythrocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil and neutrophil but no basophil was observed in Anabas testudineus as well s in Clarias batrachus. Nucleus length and breadth could not measured in granulocytes because of lobed nucleus. Erythrocyte cell length and breadth shows highly significant difference (p0.001) with respect to sex in C .batrachus and A.testudineus and also between these two different fishes. Erythrocyte nucleus length and breadth shows significant  sexual difference (p0.001) between different fishes taken for this study. C.batrachus only shows significant sexual difference in nucleus length and breadth which is absent in A.testudineus. Lymphocyte cell length do not differ significantly but cell breadth shows significant sexual dimorphism at p0.05 only in A.testudineus. Lymphocyte nucleus length and breadth shows highly significant difference (p0.001) between these two different air breathing fishes taken for this study but does not show sex wise difference. Among the granulocytes eosinophil and neutrophil do not differ significantly sex wise as well as between these two species. Monocyte cell length (p0.05) and breadth (p0.01) differ significantly between these two species of fish but does not show sex wise difference.<#LINE#> @ @ Gulliver G., Observations on the size and shapes of red corpuscles, London, Proc. Zool. Soc., 474-495 (1875) @No $ @ @ Cullen E.K., Oval and round cells in blood of skate and dogfish. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 14, 352 (1903) @No $ @ @ Monfared  A.L.,  Morphological and histometrical observations on the peripheral blood cells from desert horned viper (Cerastes gasperetti gasperetti), Eur. J. Exp. Biol., 3(1), 406-410 (2013) @No $ @ @ Cleland J.B. and Johnston T.H., Relative dimensions of red blood cells of vertebrates, especially birds, Emu,11(3), 188-197 (1912) @No $ @ @ Wintrobe  M.M .,Clinical Hematology,5th E ,Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia (1961) @No $ @ @ Jagoe C.H. and Welter D., Quantitative comparisons of the morphology and ultra structure of erythrocyte nuclei from seven freshwater species, Can. J. Zool.,73(2), 1951-1959 (1995) @No $ @ @ Baak  J.P.A., The principles and advances of quantitative pathology, Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol., , 89-95 (1985) @No $ @ @ Vandiest P.J. and  Baak J.PA., Morphometry, In : Comprehensive cytology, Bibbo M., Ed. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 946-964 (1991) @No $ @ @ Oberholzer M, Christen H, Ettlin R, Buser M, Oesereicher M and Gschwind R., Some fundamental aspects of morphometry in clinical pathology, demonstrated on a simple, multipurpose analysis system, Analyt. Quant. Cytol. Histol., 13, 316-320 (1991) @No $ @ @ Nafe R., Planimety in pathology: A method in its own right besides stereology in automatic image analysis, Exp. Pathol., 43, 239 : 246 (1991) @No $ @ @ Russack V., Image cytometry : Current applications and future trends, Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci., 31, 1-34 (1994) @No $ @ @ Hartman F.A.  and  Lessler  M.A., Erythrocyte measurements in fishes, amphibia and reptiles, Biol Bull., 126, 83-88 (1964) @No $ @ @ Sevine M., Ugurta I.H. and Yildirimhan H.S., Erythrocyte measurements in Lacerta rudis (Reptilia Lacertidae), Turk J Zool., 24, 207-209 (2000) @No $ @ @ Wintrobe M M., Variations in the size and hemoglobin content of erythrocytes in the blood of various vertebrates, Folia Haematol., 51, 32-49 (1961) @No $ @ @ Arnold J.E., Hematology of the sandbar shark,Carcharhinus plumbeus, standardization of complete blood count techniques for elasmobranchs, Vet ClinPathol., 34 (2),115-123 (2005) @No $ @ @ Clauss T.M., Dove A.D.M. and Arnold J.E., Hematologic disorders of fish. Vet    Clin North Am Exotic Anim Pract.,11, 445-462 (2008) @No  
<#LINE#>Analysis of variability in Hemolymph protein pattern in four populations of wild and semi-domestic ecoraces of Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)<#LINE#>Lokesh@G,Bishnu@Prasad,AK@Srivastava,PP@Srivastava,PK@Kar,MK@Sinha<#LINE#>42-46<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-184.pdf<#LINE#>Silkworm Breeding and Genetics, Central Tasar Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835303, INDIA @ Department of Biotechnology, Marwari College, Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand- 834002, INDIA <#LINE#>29/7/2014<#LINE#>7/9/2014<#LINE#>  Tropical tasar silkwormAntheraea mylitta Drury is an important wild sericigenous insect species encountered diverse tropical ecological conditions in different eco-pockets and evolved as ecoraces with wide variations in phenotypic and behavioural characters. Four populations from two important ecoraces were analysed for variability in the pupal hemolymph electrophoretic protein pattern. The hemolymph from Daba wild and semi-domestic population as well as wild and reared populations of Laria ecorace was drawn and used for the study. Protein concentration was highly variable and significant (at p0.05) between the different groups studied. Higher protein concentration was recorded in the hemolymph of Daba (wild) female pupae (235.3 ± 1.72 mg/ml) followed by Daba (Semi-domestic) female hemolymph (225.4 ± 3.04 mg/ml) was recorded. Variations observed in the number of protein bands in SDS-PAGE analysis of male and female pupal hemolymph of different populations. Appearance of 35 kDa Protein band was significant in the female hemolymph samples of all the populations. The protein bands 98 kDa (storage proteins in lepidopterons), 45 kDa, 43 kDa, 20 kDa and 14 kDa were found to be common in all the hemolymph samples. More number of protein bands was observed in the hemolymph samples of Daba between 20 kDa to 98 kDa compared to the samples of Laria populations. The greater variability in number of bands observed between 96 kDa to 99 kDa. This indicates high heterogeneity with respect to the food plant, region and also in sexual dimorphism. <#LINE#> @ @ Suryanarayana N and Srivastava A.K, Monograph on Tropical Tasar Silkworm.  Central Tasar Research and Training Institute, CSB, India (2005) @No $ @ @ Gamo T., Recent concepts and trends in silkworm breeding, Farming, Japan, 10(6), 11-12 (1976) @No $ @ @ Lokesh G., Narayanaswamy M and Ananthanarayana S.R., The Effect of Chemical Mutagen on Hemolymph Proteins of silkworm, Bombyx mori L (Lepidoptera : Bombycidae) in F1 Stage, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Mgt., 10(3), 21-25 (2006) @No $ @ @ Lokesh G and Ananthanarayana S.R., Changes in the Protein profile of silkworm Bombyx mori. L (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) in response to the chemical mutagen, Int. J. Sci. Nat,2(3), 559-563 (2011) @No $ @ @ Shivakumar B and Subramanya G, Electrophoretic hemolymph protein pattern in a few bivoltine races of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori. The Bioscan, 5(4),  541 – 544 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lokesh. G, Sushma R Tirkey, Srivastava A.K, Kar P.K and Sinha M.K., Biochemical Performance and Quantitative Assessment of F1 Hybrid Of Two Ecoraces of Tropical Tasar Silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera : Saturniidae), Int. J. Indust. Entomol.,26(2), 67-73 (2013) @No $ @ @ Kumar D, Pandey J.P, Jain J, Mishra P.K. and Prasad B.C, Qualitative and Quantitative changes in protein profile of various tissue of tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury. Int. J. Zool. Res,7(2), 147 -155 (2011) @No $ @ @ Takasusuki Viana L.H.D., Baitala T.V, Nicolin K.C. and Toledo V.A.A., Characterization of esterases in Tetragonisca angustula and Tetragona clavipes, Broc. J. morphol. Sci.,23(3 and 4), 431-434 (2006) @No $ @ @ Frey K.J., Cox T.S., Rodgers D.M. and Cox P.M, Increasing cereal yields with gene from wild and weedy species, Proc. XV Intl. Cong. Genetics, 4, 51-68 (1983) @No $ @ @ Zeng Zhongren wang, Jif Shhijang Zhou, Jiayu Bai and Haishui Zheng, Allozyme variation and population genetic structure of Betula alnoides from Guangxi, China, Biochemical Genetics, 41, 61-75 (2003) @No $ @ @ Doddaswamy M.S. and Subramanya G., Hemolymph protein profiles in three pure races and their hybrids of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. through SDS-PAGE, The bioscan, 2(3), 189-193 (2007) @No $ @ @ Somasundaram P, Ashok Kumar K, Thangavelu K, Kar  P.K. and Sinha R.K, Preliminary study of Isozyme variation in silkworm Germplasm of Bombyx mori (L) and its implication for conservation, Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci., 27 (2), 163-171 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sreerama Reddy G and Subramanya G, Genetic differences between the mutant with shorter larval duration and the standard in Pure Mysore race of Silkworm Bombyx mori L, Sericologia. 196 -202 (1982) @No $ @ @ Hegde S.N. and Krishnamurthy N.B., Ontogenetic differentiation of alkaline and acid phosphatases in two races of silkworm Bombyx mori (L), The Indian zoologist, 4(1,2),  27-32 (1980) @No $ @ @ Sande V. and Karcher D., Species differentiation of insect by haemolymph electrophoresis, Science,131,  1103 (1960) @No $ @ @ Hubby J.L. and Lewontin R.C., A molecular approach to the study of genic heterozygocity in natural Populations. I. The number of alleles at different loci in Drosophila Pseudobscura. Genetics, 54, 577-594 (1966) @No $ @ @ Lokesh G, Kar P.K, Srivastava A.K, Saloni Swaroopa and Sinha M.K., Studies on the high temperature induced stress on the biochemical profile and fecundity of Daba and Laria ecoraces of  tropical ilkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), Int. J. Indust. Entomol, 24(1), 69-74 (2012 b) @No $ @ @ Lowry O.H, Rosebrough N.J, Farr A.L and Randall R.J., Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent, J. Biol. Chem., 193, 267-275 (1951) @No $ @ @ Zingales B, Analysis of proteins by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-PolyAcrylamide Gel Electrophoresis In : Genes and antigens of parasites (Ed. By Morel C. M.). 2nd Edn. Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio’de Janeiro, Brazil, 357-363 (1984) @No $ @ @ Ayala F.J., Powell J.R., Tracey M.L., Mourao C.A. and Sala S.P., Enzyme variability in Drosophila willistoni group VI Genic variation in natural populations of Drosophila willistoni, Genetics, 70, 113-139 (1974) @No $ @ @ Lewontin R.C. and Hubby J.L., A molecular approach to the study of genic heterozygocity in natural population ll. Amount of variation and degree of heterozygocity in natural populatios of Drosophila Pseudovscura. Genetics, 54, 595-609 (1966) @No $ @ @ Hirobe T., Evolution, differentiation and breeding of the silkworm- the silk road, past and present –Genetics in Asian countries, XII Int. Cong. Genet., 25-36 (1968) @No $ @ @ Hurliman R.F. and Chen P.S, Ontogenetische Veranderungen des enzymmusters in der hemolymphe von Phormia rigina. Revue. Swisse. Zool., 81, 648-654 (1974) @No $ @ @ Babu K.R., Ramakrishna S., Reddy Y.H.K, Lakshmi G., Naidu N.V., Basha S.S. and Bhaskar M., Metabolic alterations and molecular mechanism in silkworm larvae during viral infection : A review. Afr. J. Biotechnol., , 899-907 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kumar N.K., Ismail S.M and Dutta A., Differential uptake of storage protein by the fat body of Rice moth, Corcyra cephalonicaduring the larval pupal development, Entomon, 23, 83-90 (1998) @No $ @ @ Lokesh G, Putkho Paul Pao, Madhusudhan K.N, Kar P.K, Srivastava A.K, Sinha M.K, Manohar Reddy R, Muniswamy Reddy P.M  and Prasad B.C.,  Study of Phenotypic Variability in Silk Gland Characters in Three Ecoraces of Tropical Silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury, Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 7(1), 80-84 (2012a) @No $ @ @ Srivastava A.K, Kar P.K, Naqvi A.H, Sinha A.K, Singh B.M.K, Sinha B.R.R.P  and Thangavelu K,  Biochemical variation in ecoraces of Antheraea mylitta : A review, Perspectives in Cytology and Genetics, 10, 359-346 (2001) @No $ @ @ Venugopal Pillai S, Krishnaswami S and Kashivishwanathan K., Growth studies in silkworm, Bombyx mori. L. under tropical conditions, II. Influence of agronomical methods of mulberry on growth, cocoon crop and fecundity of silkworm, Ind. J. Seric. 26(1), 38-45 (1987) @No $ @ @ Srivastava A.K, Naqvi A.H, Roy G.C. and Sinha B.R.R.P., Temporal variation in quantitative and qualitative characters of Antheraea mylitta Drury, International journal of wild silkmoth and silk, , 54 -56 (2000) @No $ @ @ Srivastava A.K, Naqvi A.H,  Sinha AK, Vishwakarma S.R. and Roy G.C., Genotype and environment interaction in Antheraea mylitta Drury and its implications, Perspectives in Cytology and Genetics, 11, 219- 224 (2004) @No $ @ @ Fujiwara Y. and Yamashita O., Purification, characterization and developmental changes in the titer of a new larval serum protein of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Insect. Biochem., 20,  751-759 (1990) @No $ @ @ Sakurai S., Temporal organization of endocrine events underlying larval pupal metamorphosis in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., J. Insect. Physiol., 30, 657-664 (1984) @No 
<#LINE#>Incidences of Mycotic infections in Channa punctatus of Wadali Lake, Amravati , MS, India<#LINE#>R.@PachadeG.,N.V.@Bhatkar,D.V.@Hande <#LINE#>47-50<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-187.pdf<#LINE#>Dept of Zoology, Shri Shivaji College, Akot, Dist Akola MS, 444101, INDIA @ Dept of Botany, Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati, MS.444601, INDIA <#LINE#>31/7/2014<#LINE#>5/9/2014<#LINE#>  Healthy and infected fish Channa punctatus were collected from Wadali Lake Amravati for the present study during July 2011 to July 2013. The infected fishes in catch were identified from red spot on their body, damaged and their sluggishness. In the present investigation mycological studies were carried out on fishes with fungal infection. Isolates Fungi were obtained from   infected fishes exhibited eleven different fungal infections. The fungal infected tissue was cultured on appropriate culture media and the microscopic observations showed the presence of fungal species like Alternaria alternata, Aphanomyces invadans, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporides, Curvularia lunata, Drechslera hawaiinsis, Fusarium oxysporum, , Mucor mucedo, Rhizopus stolonifer and Saprolegnia parasitica. All these Fungi were isolated from Channa punctatus.  <#LINE#> @ @ World Bank, India marine fisheries, issue opportunities and transition for sustainable developments Agriculture and rural development sector unit South Asia region, Report No. 54259, 109 (2010) @No $ @ @ Refai M.K., Laila A. Mohamed, Amany M. Kenawy and Shimaa El-S M.A., The assessment of mycotic settlement of freshwater fishes in Egypt, Journal of American scienc, 6(11), 595-602 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gopalakrishnan V., Controlling pests and diseases of cultured fishes, Indian Livstk, 1(1), 51-54 (1963) @No $ @ @ Gopalakrishnan V., Recent developments in the prevention and control of Parasites of fishes cultured in Indian water, Proc. of Zoo. Soc. India,17(l), 85- 100 (1964) @No $ @ @ Rahman M.M. and Chowdhury M.B.R., Isolation of bacterial pathogen causing an ulcer disease in farmed carp fishes of Mymensingh Bangladesh, Bangladesh Journal of fisheries,19, 103-110 (1996) @No $ @ @ Chowdhury M.B.R., Involvement of Aeroimonads and Pseudomonads diseases of farmed fish in Bangladesh, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Diseases in Marine Aquaculture, Hiroshima, 3-6 October 1997, Gyobyo-Kenkyu, Fish Pathology, 33(4), 247-254 (1998) @No $ @ @ Rahman M.M., Chowdhury M.B.R., Uddin M.N. and Pal H.K., Prevalence of Ulcer disease in some wild fishes in Mymensingh, Bangladesh, Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology, 15, 9-16 (1998) @No $ @ @ Sarker M.A., Chowdhury M.B.R., Rahman M.M. and Kashem M.A., Pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance of some Aeromonas hydrophila isolates, Bangladesh Journal of fisheries, 21, 61-64 (1998) @No $ @ @ Majumder B., Sarker M.G.A., Khan M.H. and Chowdhury M.B.R., Incidence of Ulcer type of disease in wild fishes of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Journal of fisheries research, 5, 163-168 (2001) @No $ @ @ Laharia R., Environmental perturbations of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) in fresh water fishes : Cause, immune responses and consequences, Ph.D. Thesis, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, (2006) @No $ @ @ Barnett H.L. and Hunter B.B., Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi. 4th ed. Macmillan Publishing Company, 106, (1972) @No $ @ @ Hatai K., and Wada S.,Visceral mycosis in dwarf gourami (Colisa lalia) due to Aphanomyces sp. In : Chou L.M., Munro A.D., Lam T.J., Chen T.W., Cheong L.K.K., Ding J.K., Hooi K.K., Khoo H. W., Phang V.P.E., Shim K.F. and Tan C.H. (Eds), Proceedings of the Third Asian Fisheries Forum, Asian Fisheries Society, Manila, Philippines298-301 (1994) @No $ @ @ Arderon W., The substance of a letter from Mr. William Arderon, F.R.S., Phil. Trans. R.soc.,45 (487), 321–323(1748) @No $ @ @ Fraser G.C., Callinan R.B. and Calder L.M., Aphanomyces Species associated with red spot disease, An Ulcerative disease of Estuarine fish from Eastern Australia, Journal of Fish disease15, 173-181 (1992) @No $ @ @ Roberts R.J., Willoughby L.G. and Chinabut S., Mycotic aspects of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) of Asian fishes, J fish Dis,16, 169–183 (1993) @No $ @ @ Chinnabut S., Roberts R.J., Willoughby G.R. and Pearson M.D., Histopathology of snake head, Channa striatus (Bloch), experimentally infected with the specific Aphanomyces fungus associated with Epizootic Ulcerative syndrome (EUS) at different temperatures, Journal of Fish Diseases18, 41–47 (1995) @No $ @ @ Khulbe R.D., Joshi C. and Bisht G.S., Fungal diseases of fish in Nanak Sagar, Nainital, India. Mycopathology,130, 71-74 (1995) @No $ @ @ Willoughby L.G., Roberts R.J.  and Chinnabut S., Aphanomyces invaderis sp. Nov., the fungal pathogen of freshwater tropical fish affected by Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome, J. Fish Dis., 18, 273-275 (1995) @No $ @ @ Mastan S.A., Incidences of dermatomycosis in fishes of Larpur reserviour, Journal of Herbal Medicine and Toxicology,2(1), 37-40 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chidambaram K., Fungus disease of gourami (Osphromenus goramy, lacepede) in a pond at Madras, Curr. Sci.,11, 289-290 (1942) @No $ @ @ Roberts R.J., The mycology of teleosts, in Roberts, R.J. (ed). Fish Pathology, 2nd edition. London, England, Baillere Tindall, 320-336, (1989) @No $ @ @ Beakes G.W., Wood S.E. and Burr A.W., Features which characterize Saprolegnia isolates from Salmonid fish lesions : A review. In Salmon Saprolegniasis. Edited byG. J. Mueller. U.S., Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, Oregon., 33-66 (1994) @No $ @ @ Shaheen A.A., Mycoflora of some freshwater fish. M.V.Sc. Thesis, Fac. Vet. Med. Zagazic Univ, (1986) @No $ @ @ El-Zayat S.A.M., Studies on freshwater Fungi of Aswan high Dame Lake, Ph.D. Thesis, Botany Dept. Faculty of Science (Aswan), Assiut University, Egypt, (1988) @No $ @ @ Scott W.W. and O'bier A.H., Aquatic fungi associated with diseased fish and fish eggs, Prog. Fish,24, 3-15(1962) @No $ @ @ Hatai K. and Hoshiai G., Saprolegniasis in cultured coho Salmon, Fish Pathol, 11, 233-234 (1992) @No $ @ @ Neish G.A., Observations on saprolegniasis of adult sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), J. Fish Biol., 10, 513-522 (1977) @No $ @ @ Pickering A.D., Factors which predispose salmonid fish to Saprolegniasis, Edited byG. J. Mueller, U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, Oregon., 67-84 (1994) @No $ @ @ Noga E.J., Fish Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Mosby-Year Book, Inc. St. Louis, MO., 367 (1996) @No $ @ @ Bruno D.W. and Wood B.P., Saprolegnia and other Oomycetes. In Fish Diseases and Disorder, Volume 3, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections, Edited by P.T.K. Wood and D.W. Bruno, CABI publishing, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom, 599-659 (1999) @No  
<#LINE#>Haematological Analyses of Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) At Different Stages of Growth<#LINE#>Sujata@Puspamitra,P.K.@Mohanty,B.K.@Mallik<#LINE#>51-53<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-188.pdf<#LINE#> P.G. Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar-751 004, Odisha, INDIA @ Central Poultry Development Organisation (CPDO), Eastern Region, Govt. of India, Bhubaneswar-751 012, Odisha, INDIA <#LINE#>3/8/2014<#LINE#>8/10/2014<#LINE#>  Japanese quail is a more disease resistant species than that of chicken and as poultry bird is a commercially much viable option due to its several other characteristics. The present study was carried out to compare the basic haematological parameters in Japanese quail reared in Central Poultry Development Organisation (CPDO), Eastern Region (ER), Govt. of India, Bhubaneswar. Blood samples were taken from the wing vein of 10 Japanese quails at different stages of growth, i.e., 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 9th week. Haematological parameters such as Haemoglobin (Hb), Red Blood Cell (RBC), White Blood Cell (WBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) , and Erythrocytic indices, i.e., Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin(MCH), and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration(MCHC)) of 10 clinically healthy birds were measured and expressed as mean±SE. Samples of different age groups are compared by using One Way ANOVA  to assess the significance of differences at p0.05, p0.01 and p0.001 by the help of Paleontological statistics (PAST) version 2.17. The mean value of Hb, RBC and PCV differed highly significantly (p0.001) between different age groups of Japanese quail. WBC, MCH (p0.01) and MCV, MCHC (p0.05) indicate significant difference between different age groups. The study would help to draw conclusive findings regarding the health status of Japanese quail and serve as a suitable model organism for experimental study. <#LINE#> @ @ Deka K  and Borah J., Haematological and biochemical changes in Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) and chickens due to Ascaridia galli infection, Int. J. Poult. Sci., 7(7), 704-710 (2008) @No $ @ @ Thear K., Keeping quail (a guide to domestic and commercial management), third edition, published by Broad Leys Publishing Company London E9 5EN.Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, (1998) @No $ @ @ Mizutani M., The Japanese quail, Laboratory Animal Research Station, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Kobuchizawa, Yamanashi, Japan, 408-0041 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kenneth SL and Dorothee B., Chapter III,   Schalms veterinary haematology – 6th ed. / editors, Douglas J. Weiss, K. Jane Wardrop, P-345 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ali M.A. Hmar L., Devi L.I., Prava M., Lallianchhunga M.C. and Tolenkhomba T.C., Effect of age on the haematological and biochemical profile of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), Int. Mul. Res. J., 2(8), 32-35 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mihailov R., Lasheva V. and Lashev L., Some haematological values in Japanese quails, Bulg. J. Vet. Med., 2, 137-139 (1999) @No $ @ @ Kronfeld D S. and Medway W., Blood chemistry, In : Medway W, Prier JE, Wilkinson JS (Ed.), Textbook of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, (1969) @No $ @ @ Driver E.A.,Haematological and blood chemical values of mallard, Anas p.platyrhynchos, drakes before, during and after remige moult, J.Wild.Dis.,17(3), 413-419(1981) @No $ @ @ Sonia C., Asha Rajini R. and Vairamuthu S, Haematological parameters of pearl guinea fowl influenced by rearing system, age and sex, India. J. of Poult. Sci., 47(3), 395-397 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kececi T. and Col R., Haematological and biochemical values of the blood of pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) of different ages, Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 35, 149-156 (2011) @No $ @ @ Nirmalan G P. and Robinson G., A. Haematology of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), Br. J. Poult. Sci., 52, 457-482 (1971) @No $ @ @ Islam M.S., Lucky N.S., Islam M.R., Ahad A., Das B.R., Rahman M.M. and Siddiui M.S.I., Haematological parameters of Fayoumi, Assil and local chickens reared in Sylhet region in Bangladesh, Int. J. Poult. Sci., 3(2), 144-147 (2004) @No $ @ @ Hadzimusic N., Katica M., Muharemovic Z. and Musanovic I, Effect of temperature storage on haematological parameters of avian turkey blood, Int. J. Col. Res., Intern. Med. Pub. Health, 2(5), 158-166 (2010) @No $ @ @ Campbell T.W., Avian Haematology and Cytology, Iowa State University Press, Ames, (1995) @No $ @ @ Pandian C., Pandiyan M.T., Sundaresan A. and Omprakash AV., Haematological Profile and Erythrocyte Indices in Different Breeds of Poultry,  Int. J. Livest. Res., 2(3), (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Evaluation of Phytochemical Constituents in Various Heat Treatments of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and in vitro Antioxidant Assay Systems<#LINE#>S@Rubila,T.V.@Ranganathan<#LINE#>54-58<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-190.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Food Processing and Engineering, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Karunya University, TN, INDIA <#LINE#>5/8/2014<#LINE#>6/10/2014<#LINE#>  The present work investigate the various heat treatment of ginger, like cutting (27ºC), Drying (60ºC), Roasting (70ºC) and Sauting (80ºC) on the phytochemical availability. The results showed that flavonoids, steroids, tannin and phenols were found in all temperatures. But at temperatures 70ºC and 80ºC, the alkaloids, free amino acid, glycosides, saponin, and phytosterols were destroyed, because most of the aromatic components were affected by heat. The Antioxidant activity the ginger was measured using (DPPH) assay, Phosphomolybdenum assay and metal chelating assay. High radical scavenging activity and metal chelating activity was observed at IC50 64.4µg/ml and  67.64 µg/ml respectively. <#LINE#> @ @ Balladin D.A. and Headley O., Extraction and Evaluation of the main pungent principles of solar dried West Indian ginger (zingiber officinale Roscoe) rhizomes, Journal of Renewable energy, 12, 125-130 (1997) @No $ @ @ Kemper J.K., Ginger (Zingiber officinale), The Longwood Herbal Task force and the Center for Holistic Pediatric Education and Research, (1999) @No $ @ @ Connell D. and Sutherland M., A-re-examination of gingerol, Shogaol, and zingerone, AustraliaJournal of chemistry, 22, 1033-1043 (1969) @No $ @ @ Wen K.C., Huang C.Y. and Lu F.L., Determination of baicalin and puerarin in traditional Chinese medicinal preparations by high-performance liquid chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A, 631, 241-250 (1993) @No $ @ @ Srivastava A., Shukla Y.N. and Kumar S., Recent development in plant derived antimicrobial constituents-A Review, J Med Arom Plant Sci,22, 349-405 (2000) @No $ @ @ Noor Azian M., Sazalina M.S. and Haira Rizan M.R., Essential oil and active ingredients extraction from ginger plants, Annual Progress Report, Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research, (2001) @No $ @ @ Salgueiro L.R., Cavaleiro C., Pinto E., Pina-Vaz C., Rodrigues A.G., Palmeira A., Tavares C., Costa-de-Oliveira S., Goncalves M.J. and Martinez-de-Oliveira J., Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Origanum Virens on Candida Speices, Planta Med, 69, 871-74 (2003) @No $ @ @ Maheswari J.K., Kalakoti B.S. and Lal B., Ethnomedicine of Bhil tribe of Jhabua District, Ancient Science Life, , 255-261 (1986) @No $ @ @ Prakash A.O.,  Sisodia B. and Mathur R., Antifertility efficacy of some indigenous plants in female rats, Indian Drugs,30, 19-25 (1993) @No $ @ @ Meepagala K.M., Sturtz G. and Wedge D.E., Antifungal constituents of the essential oil fraction of Artemisia dracunculus L. Var.dracunculus, Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry, 50, 6989-92 (2002) @No $ @ @ Bhuiyan M.N.I., Chowdhury J.U. and Begum J., Volatile constituents of essential oils isolated from leaf and rhizome of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb, Bangladesh Journal Pharmacoly, 3, 69-73 (2008) @No $ @ @ Harborne J.B., Phytochemical Methods, A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. 3rd Edn., Chapman and Hall Int. Ed., New York  (1998) @No $ @ @ Kokate C.K., Pharmacohnosy, 16th Edn., Nirali Prakasham, Mumbai, India  (2001) @No $ @ @ Prieto P., Pineda M. and  Aguilar M., Spectophotometric quantitative of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex : Specific application to the determination of vitamin E, Anal Biochem,269, 337-341 (1999) @No $ @ @ Blios MS., Antioxidants determination by the use of a stable free radical, Nature,4617, 1199-1200 (1958) @No $ @ @ Dinis T.C.P., Madeira V.M.C. and Almeida L.M., Action of phenolic derivatives (acetoaminophen, salycilate and 5- aminosalycilate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers, Arch Biochem Biophys, 315, 161–169 (1994) @No $ @ @ Varadarajan P., Rathinaswamy G. and Asirvatham D., Antimicrobial properties and phytochemical constituents of Rheodiscolor, Ethnobotanical Leaflet, 12, 841-845 (2008) @No $ @ @ Clark T.E., Appleton C.C. and Drewes S.E., A Semi-quantitative approach to the selection of appropriate candidate plant molluscicides a South African application, Journal of Ethano pharmacology, 56, 1-13 (1997) @No $ @ @ Marston A., Maillard M. and Hostettmann K., Search for antifungal molluscicidal and larvicidal compounds from African medicinal plants, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 38, 215-223 (1993) @No $ @ @ Chen C.C. and HO. C.T., Thermal General Aromas ACS Symposium Series 409, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 366 (1988) @No $ @ @ Omulokoli E., Khan B. and Chhabra S., Antiplasmodial activity of four Kenyan medicinal plants, Journal of Ethanopharmacology, 56 (2), 133-137 (1997) @No $ @ @ Ferrandiz M.L. and Alcaraz M.J., Anti-inflammatory  activity and inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism by flavonoids,  Agents Actions, 32, 283-288 (1991) @No $ @ @ Gil B., Sanz M.J., Terenico M.C., Ferrandiz M.L., Bustos G., Paya M., Gunasegaran R. and Alcaraz. M.J., Effects of flavonoids on Najanaja and human recombinant synovial phospholipases A and inflammatory responses in mice, Life Science, 54 (20), 333-338 (1994) @No $ @ @ Terao J., Piskula M. and Yao Q., Protective effect of epicatechin gallate and quercetin on lipid peroxidation in phospholipid bilayers, Arch. Biochem.Biophys, 308 (1),278-284 (1994) @No $ @ @ Beretta G., Rossani G.,  Alfredo Santagati N. and Maffei Facino R., Anti-ischemic activity and endothelium dependent vasorelaxant effect of hydrolysable tannins from leaves of Rhus coriaria (sumac) in isolated rabbit heart and thoracic aorta, PlantMed, 75(14), 1482-1488 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sayyah M., Hadidi N. and Kamalinojad M., Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Lactuca sativa seed extract in rats, Journal of Ethnopharmacology,92, 325-329 (2004) @No $ @ @ Maharajan P., Geetha S., Gopalakrishnan and Jessi Kalaveni K., Analgesic activity of some Indian medicinal plant, Journal of Ethno pharmacology, 19, 425-428 (2006) @No $ @ @ Halliwell B., Are polyphenols antioxidants or pro-oxidants? What do we learn from cell culture and in vivo studies? Arch Biochem Biophys,476, 107-112 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ozgen M., Reese R.N., Tulio A.Z. Scheerens J.C. and Miller A.R., Modified 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) method to measure antioxidant capacity of selected small fruits and comparison to ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,20-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods, Journal of Agricultural and  Food Chemistry,54, 1151–1157 (2006) @No $ @ @ Schlesier K., Harwat M. Bohm V. and Bitsch R., Assessment of antioxidant activity by using different in vitro methods, Free Radical Research, 36(2), 177–187 (2002) @No 
<#LINE#>Effect of Desiccation of Maize Calli on the Efficiency of Transformation Prior and Post to Infection by Agrobacterium Tumefaciens<#LINE#>Rekha@Sirohi,Sekhar@Tiwari,Veeru@Prakash<#LINE#>59-62<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2014-195.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Biochemistry and Bioprocess Technology, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, INDIA@Biotechnology lab., Division of Crop Improvement, Vivekanand Parvathiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan ,(ICAR), Almora, Uttarakhand, INDIA<#LINE#>14/8/2014<#LINE#>21/9/2014<#LINE#>  MS media containing 6-benzyl-amino-purine (3mg/ L) and picloram (10mg/L) considered for seed germination, after 10 days conspicuous nodes were splitted into two longitudinal halves then inoculated on MS callusing media having 2-4 dicholorophenoxyacetic acid (0.5mg/L ) with picloram (2.2 mg/L). Seedling derived callus of maize inbred line VQL2 was used for Agrobacterium transformation. Calluses desiccated for 1 hour prior to infection resulted in maximum greening 91.2%, whereas with 79.2% greening, calluses desiccated for 3 hours prior to infection showed highest percentage 10.4% of plant regeneration. Though greening was 6% and 12% in calluses desiccated for 2 and 3 hours respectively, prior to infection, no root and shoot regeneration was observed. Ascorbic acid was also having positive effects as 32.33% greening was observed in the calluses. <#LINE#> @ @ FAOSTAT  http:// faostat.fao.org, (2007-08)@No $ @ @ Lee B.K., Kennon A.R., Chen X., Jung T.W., Ahn B.O., Lee J.Y. and Zhang Z.J., Recovery of transgenic events from two highly recalcitrant maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes using Agrobacterium-mediated standard-binary-vector transformation, Maydica., 52, 457-469 (2007) @No $ @ @  Ishida Y., Saito H., Ohta S., Hiei Y., Komari T. and Kumashiro T., High efficiency transformation of maize Zea mays L.) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Nature Biotechnol.,14, 745-750 (1996) @No $ @ @  Zhao Z.Y., Gu W., Cai T., Tagliani L.A., Hondred D., Bond D., Krell S., Rudert M.L., Bruce W.B. and Pierce D.A., Molecular analysis of TO plants transformed by Agrobacterium and comparison of Agrobacteriummediated transformation with bombardment transformation in maize, Maize Genetic Newsletter., 72, 34-37 (1998) @No $ @ @ Hamilton C.M., Frary A., Lewis. C. and Tanksley S.D., Stable transfer of intact high molecular weight DNA into plant chromosomes, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA., 93, 9975-9979  (1996) @No $ @ @  Vladimir S., Larry G., Prince A. and David D., Agrobacterium mediated transformation of seedling derived callus, Plant Cell Rep.,25, 320-328 (2006) @No $ @ @  Rhodes C.A., Green C.E. and Phillips R.L., Factors affecting tissue culture initiation from maize tassels, Plant Sci., 46, 225–232 (1986) @No $ @ @  Songstad D.D., Peterson W.L. and Armstrong C.L., Establishment of friable embryogenic (type II) callus from immature tassels of Zea mays (Poaceae), Am J Bot., 79, 761–764 (1992) @No $ @ @  Ming Cheng, Tianci Hu., Jeanne Layton, Chon Nong Liu, Joyce and E. Fry., Desiccation of plant tissues post Agrobacterium infection enhances T- DNA delivery and increases stable transformation efficiency in wheat, In Vitro Cell. Biol. Plant., 39, 595-601 (2003) @No $ @ @  Cheng M., Hu. T., Layton J.I., Liu C.N. and Fry J.E., Desiccation of plant tissues post  Agrobacterium  infection  enhances  T-DNA  delivery  and  increases  stable transformation  efficiency  in  wheat,  In Vitro Cell, Dev .Biol. Plant.,39, 595-604l (2003) @No $ @ @ Urushibara S., Tozawa Y., Kawagishi Kobayashi and M. Wakasa K., Efficient transformation of suspension-cultured rice cells mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Breed. Sc.,5, 33-38 (2001) @No  
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