@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Current status of endangered Medicinal plant Hedychium coronarium and causes of Population decline in the natural forests of Anuppur and Dindori districts of Madhya Pradesh, India<#LINE#>Manish@Mishra<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-142.pdf<#LINE#> Faculty of Ecosystem Management and Technical Forestry, Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>13/8/2012<#LINE#>11/1/2013<#LINE#>  Gulbakawali (Hedychium coronariumJ.König) belongs tofamily Zingiberaceae, is a rhizomatous herb widely used in India as an febrifuge, eye tonic, anti-rheumatic, anthelmintic and mild tranquilizer in various Ayurvedic medicines. Over-exploitation of its rhizome for medicinal uses and consequent degradation of its natural habitat are reported to be the major threats to this plant. The herb is restricted to Anuppur, Amarkantak region including Chhattisgarh state, India. The results revealed that plant density (2 plant/ha.) and regeneration ( 1/ ha.) in protected areas (Achanakmar- Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve) were found low. On the contrary, in the natural forests the plant population was observed very poor (Avg.0.62/ha.). Almost nil regeneration was observed in the open natural forests of Anuppur and Dindori districts. The major causes for population decline in the study area are habitat destruction, complete uprooting of plants, immature harvesting and increased market demand of Ark (juice) extracted from its flowers. The population status of species and causes of its population decline in central Indian tropical forests is discussed in this paper. <#LINE#> @ @ Prasad R. and Patnaik S. Conservation Assessment and Management Planning. 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Proceedings of the International seminar on Harvesting of Non wood Forest Products, Held at Menemen-Izmir, Turkey on October 2-8, 2000, 335-341 (2000) @No $ @ @ Prasad R., Kotwal P.C. and Mishra M., Harvesting practices of Safed musli (Chlorophytum spp.) and its ecological impact on the natural forests of central India, Jour. of Trop. For., 18(1), 9-24 (2002) @No $ @ @ Mishra M., Kotwal P.C. and Mishra R.P., Sustainable management of critically endangered species of Medicinal plants in central India. Research project report submitted to Research cell, Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal (M.P), India, 1-110 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kotwal P.C. and Mishra M., Recent harvesting practices and causes of population decline of critically endangered species Malkangni (Celastrus paniculatus) in the two districts of central India, Van. Sand., 31(1), 4-13 (2007) @No $ @ @ Mishra M. and Kotwal P.C., Traditional harvesting and processing methods of Dioscorea daemona (Baichandi) tubers in the forests of Madhya Pradesh, India, J. of  Trop. Med. Plants, 10(1), 113-118 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mishra M., Conservation of biodiversity in the natural forests of central India: a case of critically endangered medicinal species Safed musli in Bhopal forest (M.P) India, Bios. Disc.,2(3), 299-308 (2011) @No $ @ @ Shah N.C. and Kapoor L.D., Depletive medicinal plants of Kumaon Himalayas, Jour. of Res. on Ind. Med. Yoga and Homeo., 13(3), 38-43 (1978) @No $ @ @ Shah N.C., Conservation of wild medicinal plants: need for a comprehensive strategy, Kurukshetra, XLVI(3), 15-18 (1997) @No $ @ @ Shah N.C., The status of medicinal plants in Indian Himalayas, Workshop on Himalayan Medicinal Plants, held at G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Katarmal-Kosi, Almora. 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<#LINE#>Development and Evaluation of Centrifugal Sheller for Muskmelon Seed<#LINE#>Ranjeet@Singh,Sukhdev@Mangaraj<#LINE#>7-10<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-182.pdf<#LINE#>Agro-Produce Processing Division, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabi-Bagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal-462 038, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>26/9/2012<#LINE#>21/1/2013<#LINE#>  A refined design of centrifugal Sheller for muskmelon seed decortications was developed and evaluated. The developed machine has a capacity of 5 kg/h which operates on 1400 r.p.m emery roll speed and seed moisture content of 25 % (w.b), with this optimum condition, the shelling efficiency, seed damage and capacity was 51.0 %, 32 % and 5.0 kg/h, respectively.  The decortication cost of muskmelon seed using developed machine was Rs. 1.20 per kg as compared with manual methods of Rs. 100.00. <#LINE#> @ @ Gupta R.K., Technology for Commercialization: CFTRI, Technology Transfer and Business Development, CFTRI, Mysore, India (2009) @No $ @ @ Das S.K. and Gupta R.K., Effects of impeller vane configurations and seed size on dehulling efficiency of sunflower seeds using a centrifugal sheller, International J of Food Engg., , 1-7 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gupta R.K. and Das S.K., Performance of centrifugal dehulling system for sunflower seeds, J of Food Engg., 42, 191-198 (1999) @No $ @ @ Jain R.K. and Bhole N.G., Optimization of operation of operating parameters of a centrifugal sheller for dehusking `Jaya' variety paddy, J of Food Sci Technol., 23, 252-256 (1986) @No $ @ @ Madaan T.R. and Lal B.M., Some studies on the chemical composition of cucurbit kernels and their seed coats, Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 34, 81-86 (1984) @No $ @ @ Teotia M.S. and Ramakrishna P., Densities of melon seeds, kernels and hulls, Journal of Food Engg., 9(3), 23l-236 (1989) @No  
<#LINE#>Studies on the Levels of Cholesterol and Phospholipids in the Haemolymph of the Lepidopteran Larvae before and after Stinging by the Potter Wasp, Eumenes Conica<#LINE#>Susheela@P.,Radha@R.<#LINE#>11-15<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-216.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, INDIA <#LINE#>21/11/2012<#LINE#>5/12/2012<#LINE#>  The potter wasp, Eumenes conica is a solitary larval endoparasitoid, which feeds on host haemolymph of lepidopteran larva during its internal phase. The wasp first constructs the nest, hunts for its prey, the caterpillars, stings the prey, paralyses it and then brings them to the nest which is probably a very highly specialized behaviour. The present study was conducted to determine the levels of cholesterol and phospholipids in the haemolymph of the lepidopteran larvae before and after stinging by the wasp, Eumenes conica.The parasitization of the wasp affect the nutritional physiology of the larva and  cause a reduced uptake of food and an increase in the concentration of free sugars in the haemolymph and of glycogen in whole body. The parasitoid larva, causes a reduction of proteins in the host’s plasma and an accumulation of lipids in whole body. Dilution of host haemolymph led to a reduced concentration of lipid in parasitoid larvae and a reduced survival rate. Thus, a sufficient concentration of nutrients in the host’s haemolymph appears to be crucial for successful parasitoid development. <#LINE#> @ @ Amanjit Gill and Sareen M.L., and Biswas, S.Neurotoxicity of Carbaryl and carbofuran on Saw flies  (Syrphidae Diptera)  Ind: Zool., 12-15 (1987) @No $ @ @ Avlessi F., Alitonou G.A., Djenontin T.S., Tchobo F., Yèhouénou B., Menut C. and Sohounhloué D., Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil extracted from the fresh leaves of Chromolaena odorata (L. Robinson) growing in Benin, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(3),7-13 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bartlett B.R., Patterns in the host -feeding habit of adult parasitic Hymenoptera, (A Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 57, 344-350 (1964) @No $ @ @  Bingham C.T., The fauna of British India ; Hymenoptera Vol-I wasps and bees Taylor and Francis, London (1897) @No $ @ @  Bridwell J.C., Miscellaneous notes on Hymenoptera, 2nd paper, with (descriptions of new species, Proc. Hawaii. Ent. 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<#LINE#>Improved Production and Purification of Pectinase from Streptomyces sp. GHBA10 isolated from Valapattanam mangrove habitat, Kerala, India<#LINE#>Arijit@Das,Sourav@Bhattacharya,NaimishaV.@Reddy,SundaraRajan@S.<#LINE#>16-22<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-231.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Microbiology, Centre for Advanced Studies in Biosciences, Jain University, Chamarajpet, Bangalore- 560019, Karnataka, INDIA <#LINE#>17/12/2012<#LINE#>24/1/2013<#LINE#>  Pectinases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of pectin (polygalacturonic acid) to galacturonic acid residues. Actinomycetes are efficient degraders of plant debris as they produce extracellular enzymes like cellulase, xylanase and pectinase. The present investigation focuses on improvement of pectinase production through media optimization, followed by its purification. Submerged fermentation was carried out using a mangrove isolate of Streptomyces sp. GHBA10,identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. The highest yield of the enzyme was obtained from 0.3% (w/v) pectin and 0.1% (w/v) tryptone at an initial medium pH of 8.5, when incubated at 30°C and 150 rpm for 6 days with an inoculum size of 5% (v/v). The effect of surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulphate, Triton X-100, Tween-20, Tween-80 and cetrimide on the enzyme production revealed that cetrimide significantly enhanced the enzyme secretion. The crude pectinase was purified by salt precipitation, dialysis and gel filtration chromatography. The specific activity of the purified pectinase was estimated to be 2610 U/mg of enzyme protein. Purification revealed 3.5-fold increase in specific activity of the enzyme. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed an apparent molecular weight of 32 kDa. This pectinase may be industrially used in extraction and clarification processes. <#LINE#> @ @ Favela-Torres E., Aguilar C., Esquivel-Contreras C.J. and Gustavo G.V., Pectinase. In: Enzyme Technology, Asiatech Publisher Inc, Delhi, 273-296 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kuhad R.C., Kapoor M. and Rustagi R., Enhanced production of an alkaline pectinase by Streptomyces sp. RCK-SC by whole-cell immobilization and solid-state cultivation, World J Microbiol Biot,20, 257-263 (2004) @No $ @ @ Jacob N. and Prema P., Novel process for the simultaneous extraction and degumming of banana fibers under solid-state cultivation, Braz. J. Microbiol.,39(1),115-121 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kashyap D.R., Vohra P.K., Chopra S. and Tewari R., Applications of pectinases in the commercial sector: a review, Bioresource Technol.,77, 215-227 (2001) @No $ @ @ Favela-Torres E., Sepulveda T.V. and Gonzalez G.V., Production of hydrolytic depolymerising pectinases, Food Technol. 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Sci., 12(1), 43-50 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pereira M., Schwan R. and Teixeira J., Isolation, screening and characterisation of flocculating and pectinase producing Kluyveromyces strains, Food Technol.Biotech.,37(4), 257-261 (1999) @No $ @ @ Hamedani K., Soudbakhsh N.M., Das A., Prashanthi K., Bhattacharya S. and Suryan S., Enzymatic screening, antibacterial potential and molecular characterization of streptomycetes isolated from Wayanad district in Kerala, India, Int. J Pharm. Bio. Sci.,2(1), 201-210 (2012) @No $ @ @ Altschul S.F., Jenkins A., Kristiansen B.E. and FrØholm C.O., Basic local alignment search tool, J Mol. Biol.,215(3), 403-410 (1990) @No $ @ @ Angayarkanni J., Palaniswamy M., Murugesan S. and Swaminathan K., Improvement of tea leaves fermentation with Aspergillus spp. Pectinase, Biosci.Bioeng.,94, 299-303 (2002) @No $ @ @ Miller G.L., Use of dinitrosalicylic acid for determination of reducing sugar, Anal. 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In: Mangrove ecosystems in Australia, structure, function and management, Colorcraft Ltd, Hong Kong (1982) @No $ @ @ Bhardwaj S., Bhattacharya S. and Das A., Phosphate solubilizing activity of a mangrove isolate of Streptomyces badius from Muthupettai mangrove, Tamil Nadu, India, J Chem. Bio. Phys. Sci., 2(2), 868-876 (2012) @No $ @ @ Das A., Bhattacharya S. and Murali L., Production of cellulase from a thermophilic Bacillus sp. isolated from cow dung, AE J Agri. Envir. Sci., 8(6), 685-691 (2010) @No $ @ @ Padhiar J., Das A. and Bhattacharya S., Optimization of process parameters influencing the submerged fermentation of extracellular lipases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus, Pak. J Biol. Sci.,14(22), 1011-1018 (2011) @No $ @ @ Yugandhar N.M., Kumar D.V.R.R., Prasanthi V., Kumar N.K. and Reddy D.S.R., Optimization of pectinase production from Manihot utilissima by Aspergillus niger NCIM 548 using statistical experimental design, Res. 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JBasicAppl. Sci., 5(12), 1012-1022 (2011) @No $ @ @ Zu-ming L., Bo J., Hong-xun Z., Zhi-hui B., Wen-tong X. and Hong-yu, L., Purification and characterization of three alkaline endopolygalacturonases from a newly isolated Bacillus gibsonii, Chin. JProcess Eng.,8(4), 768- 773 (2008) @No $ @ @ Banu A.R, Devi M.K., Gnanaprabhal G.R., Pradeep B.V. and Palaniswamy M., Production and characterization of pectinase enzyme from Penicillium chrysogenum,Indian J  Sci. Technol.,3(4), 377- 381 (2010) @No $ @ @ Jacob N., Niladevi K.N., Anisha G.S. and Prema P., Hydrolysis of pectin: an enzymatic approach and its application in banana fiber processing, Microbiol. Res.,163, 538-544 (2008) @No 
<#LINE#>Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extract of Wrightia tomentosa<#LINE#>Srinivas@Penchala,Samatha@Talari,Valya@Guguloth,Azmeera@Ragan,Swamy@NannaRama<#LINE#>23-27<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-235.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, AP, INDIA @ Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, AP, INDIA<#LINE#>20/12/2012<#LINE#>2/1/2013<#LINE#>  Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities of solvent extracts of leaf of Wrighitia tomentosa (Roxb.) Roem and Schult. have been studied for the presence of  secondary metabolites and to find out their activity against microbes. The results revealed that the aqueous, chloroform, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether and methanolic leaf extracts of W. tomentosa contain alkaloids, ellagic acids, iridoids, methylene dioxy compounds, steroids, tannins and triterpenoids. The antimicrobial activity of these leaf extracts were tested against gram positive and gram negative bacteria through well diffusion method. Among all the extracts of leaf the highest sensitivity was recorded for methanolic, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts. None of the aqueous extract exhibited any antimicrobial activity. The results provided evidence that the species W. tomentosa can be used as a potential source of antimicrobial agent. <#LINE#> @ @ Kaewseejan N., Puangpronpitag D. and Nakornriab M., Evaluation of phytochemical composition and antibacterial property of Gynura procumbens extract, Asian J. of Plant Sciences,11(2), 77-82 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chopra R.N., Nayer S.L. and Chopra I.C., Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, 3rd Edn. New Delhi, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 7-246 (1992) @No $ @ @ Bruneton J., Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal plants, France: Lavoisiler Publishing Co.,  265-380 (1995) @No $ @ @ Subhash J.B. and Vaishana K., Comparison of three plant tissue culture media for efficient micropropagation of an important tropical medicinal plant, Gynura procumbans(Lour) Merr., American-Eurasian J. Agricult. Environ. Sci., 8, 474-481 (2010) @No $ @ @ Parekh J. and Chanda S., In vitro Antimicrobial activity of some Indian folklore medicinal plants, Journal of Cell and Tissue research,6(1), 577 (2006) @No $ @ @  Duraipandiyan V., Ayyanar M. and Ignacimuthu S., Antimicrobial activity of some ethnomedicinal plants used by Paliyar tribe from Tamilnadu, India. BMC Complimentary and alternative medicine, 635 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kordali S., Kotan R., Mavi A., Cakir A., Ala A. andYildrim A., Determinatiobn of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Artemisia dracunculus, and of the antifungal and antibacterial activities of turkis Artemisia absintthium, A.dracunculus, Artemisia sanctonicum and Artemisia spicigera essential oils, J Agric food chem., 53, 9452-9458 (2005) @No $ @ @ Srinivas P., Shyamsundarachary R., Samatha T. and Ramaswamy N., Plant regeneration from immature zygotic embryo culture of Wrightia tomentosa – an endangered medicinally important forest tree species, J. of Theor. And Exp. Biol., 8 (3and 4), 105-111 (2012) @No $ @ @ Khan Z.K., In vitro and in vivo screening techniques for antimicrobial and antifungal activity of medicinal plants, In: International workshop on Medicinal plants, their Biodiversity, screening and Evaluation. Lucknow, India: CDRI (1997) @No $ @ @ Pepeljnjak S., Stanic G. and Potocki P., Antimicrobial activity of the ethanolic extract of Satureja montana spp Montana, ActaPharmaceutica, 19, 65-69 (1999) @No $ @ @ Liebermann N.C., Uber das Oxychinoterpen. Ber. 18, 1803 (1885) @No $ @ @ Burchard H., Beitraegezur Kenntnis des Cholesterins, Chem. Zentralbl., 61, 25 (1890) @No $ @ @ Bauer A.W., Kirby W.M., Sherris J.C. and Truck M., Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standardized single disc method, Am. J. Clin. Pathol.,44, 493-496 (1996) @No $ @ @ Desta B., Ethiopian traditional herbal drugs part II. Antimicrobial activity of 63 medicinal plants, J. Ethnopharmacol., 100, 168-175 (2005) @No $ @ @ Illath Sujina and Subban Ravi, In vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic avtivity of methanolic extract of Osbeckiawynaadensis, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(4), 33-38 (2012) @No $ @ @ Zaki A.Y., El-Tohamy S.F., Abd El-Fattah S.M., Egypt.J.Pharm.Sci., 22, 105 (1981) @No $ @ @ Nagarajan K., Majumder A. and Ghosh L.K., Comparative antimicrobial evaluation studies of the extracts and isolates of leaves and bark of Wrightia tomentosa, Ancient Science of Life, 26(1and2), 1-7 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mahour K., Mishra A., Kumar A. and Vihan V.S., Preliminary pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigation on Feronia elephantum corr. Fruit. J. Pharm. Res.,, 45-48 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hawaze S., Deti H. and Suleman S., In vitro antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Clematis Species Indigenous to Ethiopia, Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 74(1), 29-35 (2012) @No $ @ @ Yehouenou B., Sessou P., Houinsou R. de L., Noudogbessi J.P., Alitonou G.A., Toukourou F. and Sohounhloue D., Chemical composition and Antimicrobial activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume dry Leaves essential oil against Food-bornePathogens and Adulterated Microorganisms, I. Res. J. Biological Sci.,1(6), 18-25 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tijjani M.B., Bello I.A., Aliyu T., Olurishe S.M., Habila J.D. and Balogun E.O., Phytochemical and antibacterial studies of root extract of Cochlospermum tinctorium A.rich. (Cochlospermaceae), Res. J. Med. Plant, 3, 16-22(2009)  @No  
<#LINE#>Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles using Paederia foetida L. leaf extract<#LINE#>Lavanya@Madhavaraj,Veenavardhini@SethumadhavanVishnu,Gim@GeunHo,Mathur@NadarajanKathiravan,Kim@SiWouk<#LINE#>28-34<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-002.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam-638 401, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of Environmental Engineering, BK21 Team for Biohydrogen Production and Pioneer Research Center for Controlling of Harmful Algal Bloom, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, REPUBLIC OF KOREA <#LINE#>9/1/2013<#LINE#>19/2/2013<#LINE#>  The present study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Paederiafoetida L. leaf extract were used as reducing agent from silver nitrate solution. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was analyzed by UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (SEM-EDX). The synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with an average size of 24nm. The antimicrobial activity of the silver nanoparticles shows the diameter of inhibition zones around the disk for Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsella sp., V. cholera, P. aerueginosa and E. coli bacterial suspension are 14mm, 26mm, 12mm, 24mm, and 16mm respectively. Among the four bacterial species, Klebsella sp. and P. aerueginosa was showed higher zone of inhibition 26mm and 24mm, respectively. The results were compared with the ciprofloxacin positive control and synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles with ciprofloxacin. In the concluding remarks, the silver nanoparticles synthesized using P. foetida leaf extract would be a better antimicrobial activity against various bacterial species, when applied as individual or combined with commercial antibiotic. <#LINE#> @ @ Huang J., Li Q., Sun D., Lu Y., Su Y., Yang X., Wang H., Wang Y., Shao W., He N., Hong J. and Chen C., Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by novel sundried Cinnamomum camphora leaf,  Nanotechnology, 18,105104-105114 (2007) @No $ @ @ Salam H. A., Rajiv P., Kamaraj M., Jagadeeswaran P., Sangeetha Gunalan and Sivaraj R., Plants: Green Route for Nanoparticle Synthesis, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(5), 85-90 (2012) @No $ @ @ Dwivedi A.D., Gopal K., Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Chenopodium album leaf extract, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 369, 27-33 (2010) @No $ @ @ Krishnaraj C., Jagan E. G., Rajasekar  S., Selvakumar P., Kalaichelvan P.T., Mohan N., Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acalypha indica leaf extracts and its antibacterial activity against water borne pathogens, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 76, 50 – 56 (2010) @No $ @ @ Veerasamy R., Xin T. Z. Subashini Gunasagaran, Xiang T. F. W., Yang E. F.C., Jeyakumar N., Dhanaraj S. A., Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using mangosteen leaf extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities, Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 15, 113–120  (2011) @No $ @ @ Phanjom P., Zoremi D.Z., Mazumder J., Saha M., Baruah S.B., Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Leaf Extract of Myrica esculenta, International Journal of NanoScience and Nanotechnology. , 73-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ Li S., Shen Y., Xie A., Yu X., Qiu L., Zhang L., Zhang Q., Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using  Capsicum annuum  L. extract,  Green Chemistry, , 852-858 (2007) @No $ @ @ Shankar S. S., Rai A., Ahmad A., Sastry M., Biosynthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles from extracts of different parts of the geranium plant, Applied Nano Science, , 69-77 (2004) @No $ @ @ Song J. Y., Kim, B. S., Biological synthesis of bimetallic Au/Ag nanoparticles using Persimmon (Diopyros kaki) leaf extract, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 25, 808-811 (2008) @No $ @ @ Song J. Y., Jang, Kyeong H., Kim B. S., Biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Magnolia kobus and Diopyros kaki leaf extracts, Process Biochemistry, 44, 1133-1138 (2009) @No $ @ @ Narayanan K. B., Sakthivel N., Coriander leaf mediated biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles, Materials Letter, 62, 4588-4590 (2008) @No $ @ @ Khushbu C., Anar P., Mayuree P., Carol M., Roshni S., Subodh A., Paederia foetida Linn. As a potential medicinal plant: A Review, Journal of Pharmacy Research, , 3135-3137 (2010) @No $ @ @ Samy R. P, Ignacimuthu S., Antibacterial activity of some folklore medicinal plants used by tribals in Western Ghats of India,Journal of Ethnopharmacology,69, 63-71 (2000) @No $ @ @ Chen Y., Wang C., Ma  Z.,  Su Z., Controllable colours and shapes of silver nanostructures based on pH: application to surface-enhanced Raman scattering , Nanotechnology, 18, 325602  (2007) @No $ @ @ Cruz D., Fale P. L., Mourato A., Va P. D., Serralheiro M. L., Lino A. R., Preparation and physicochemical characterization of Ag nanoparticles biosynthesized by Lippia citriodora (Lemon Verbena), Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces, 81, 67-73 (2010) @No $ @ @ Klaus T., Joerger R. Olsson E., Granqvist C. G. Silver-based crystalline nanoparticles, microbially fabricated. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. USA 96, 13611-13614 (1999) @No $ @ @ Nicholas L., Ansari S., Francis R. Livens., Joanna C. Renshaw, Jonathan R. Lloyd., Formation of nanoscale elemental silver particles via enzymatic reduction by Geobacter sulfurreducens, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74, 7090-7093 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hwan K. S, Hyeong-Seon L., Deok-Seon R., Soo-Jae C., Dong-Seok L., Antibacterial activity of silver-nanoparticles against  Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, Korean Journal of Microbiology and  Biotechnology, 39, 77-85 (2011) @No $ @ @ Shirley A., Dayanand B., Sreedhar., Dastager S. G., Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from novel Streptomyces species, Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, , 447 – 451  (2011) @No $ @ @ Nagajyothi P. C.,  Lee K. D., Synthesis of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using Dioscorea batatas rhizome extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activities, Journal of Nanomaterials, doi:10.1155/2011/573429, (2011) @No $ @ @ Prashanth S., Menaka I., Muthezhilan R., Navin Kumar S., Synthesis of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using medicinal plant extract and evaluation of its antimicrobial activities, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 6235-6250 (2011) @No $ @ @ Brown T. Smith D., The effects of silver nitrate on the growth and ultrastructure of the yeast Cryptococcus albidus,Microbios Letter, , 155-162 (1976) @No $ @ @ Richards R., Odelola M. E., Anderson B., Effect of silver on whole cells and spheroplasts of a silver resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Microbios, 39, 151-157 (1984) @No $ @ @ Zavriev S. K., Minchenkova L. E., Vorlickova M., Kolchinsky A. M., Volkenstein M. V., Ivanov V. I., Circular dichroism anisotropy of DNA with different modifications at N7 of guanine, Biochem. Biophys. Acta.564, 212-224 (1979) @No $ @ @ Lok C.N., Ho C.M., Chen R., He Q. Y., Yu W. Y., Sun H. Z., Tam P. K. H., Chiu J. F., Che C. M., Proteomic analysis of the mode of antibacterial action of silver nanoparticles, Journal of Proteome Research, , 916-924 (2006) @No  
<#LINE#>Purification and Properties of Pullulanase from Bacillus halodurans<#LINE#>R.@Asha,F.N.@Niyonzima,Sunil@S.M.<#LINE#>35-43<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-005.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Biochemistry, Center for Post Graduate Studies, Jain University, Jayanagar 3rd Block, Bangalore-560011, INDIA <#LINE#>12/1/2013<#LINE#>4/2/2013<#LINE#>  A pullulanase-producing bacterium was isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus halodurans based on the microscopic examination and biochemical tests. Maximum pullulanase production occurred in the presence of soluble pullulan at 1.5% concentration and in the presence of 0.5% peptone at pH 10.0 and 37°C. The purified alkaline pullulanase had a molecular mass of 37 ± 1 kDa, an optimum pH in the alkaline region (10.0) and optimum temperature of 50°C.  The pullulanase activity was inhibited by Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions.  Mg2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ slightly inhibited the enzyme whereas Ca2+ had a stimulating effect on the enzyme activity. Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), dithiothreitol (DTT), phenylmethylsulphonylfluoride (PMSF), tocylchloride methylketone (TLCK) and sodium azide (NaI) did not obviously inhibit the enzyme whereas N-ethylmalamide (NEM) and iodoacetic acid (IAA) had moderately inhibited the enzyme.  N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) inhibited completely the enzyme activity suggesting that tryptophan is important for enzyme activity. The isolated enzyme was thermotolerant and alkolophilic which can thus be used in starch processing, detergent industry and other biotechnological applications. <#LINE#> @ @ Abdullah M. and French D., Reverse action of pullulanase, Nature, 200, 210 (1966) @No $ @ @ Hyun H.H. and Zeikus J.G., General biochemical characterization of thermostable pullulanase and glucoamylase from Clostridium thermohydrosulfurium, Appl. Environ. Microbial., 49, 1168-1173 (1985) @No $ @ @ Teague W.M. and Brumm P.J., Commercial enzymes for starch hydrolysis products. In:  Starch hydrolysis products: Worldwide technology production and applications, Schenck F.W., Hebeda R.E. Eds., VCH Publishers, New York, 277-291 (1992) @No $ @ @ Uhlig H., Industrial enzymes and their applications, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 435 (1998) @No $ @ @ Nair S.U., Singhal R.S. and Kamat M.Y., Induction of pullulanase production in Bacillus cereus FDTA-13, Bioresour. Technol., 98, 856–859 (2007) @No $ @ @ Van D. and Willem R., Dishwashing detergents containing enzyme capable of breaking -1,6-glucoside linkage, Brit. UK Patent Appl. GB2, 228, 945 (1990) @No $ @ @ Jensen B.D. and Norman B.E.,  Bacillus acidopullyticuspullulanase: applications and regulatory aspects for use in food industry, Proc. Biochem., , 397-400 (1984) @No $ @ @ Olsen H.S., Goddard P. and Nordisk A.S., Enzymes at work: a concise guide to industrial enzymes and their uses. In Novo Nordisk A/S, 58 (2000) @No $ @ @ Marotta M., Martino A., De Rosa A., Farina E., Carteni M. and De Rosa M., Degradation of dental plaque glucans and prevention of glucan formation using commercial enzymes, Proc. Biochem., 38(1), 101-108 (2002) @No $ @ @ Sneath P.H.A., Mair N.S., Sharpe M.E. and Holt J.G., Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Vol. 2 Baltimore,Williams and Wilkins, (1986) @No $ @ @ Kim C.H., Nashiru O. and Ko J.H., Purification and biochemical characterization of pullulanase type I from Thermus aldophilus GK-24, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 138, 147-152 (1996) @No $ @ @ Miller G.L., Use of dinitrosalicylic agent for determination of reducing sugars, Anal. Chem., 31, 426-428 (1959) @No $ @ @ Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L. and Randall R.J., Quantitation of protein using Folin Ciocalteu reagent, J. Biol. Chem., 193, 265 (1951) @No $ @ @ Obi S.K.C. and Odibo F.J.C., Partial purification and characterization of a thermostable actinomycete -Amylase, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 47(3), 571-575 (1984) @No $ @ @ Laemmli U.K., Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of becteriophage T4, Nature, 227, 680-685 (1970) @No $ @ @ Balkan B. and Ertan F., Production and properties of amylase from Penicillium chrysogenum and its application in starch hydrolysis, Prep. Biochem. Biotechnol. 35, 169-178 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lineweaver H. and Burk D., The determination of enzyme dissociation constants, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 56, 658-666 (1934) @No $ @ @ Swamy M.V. and Seenayya G., Thermostable pullulanase and -amylase activity from Clostridium thermosulfurogenes SV9 - optimization of culture conditions for enzyme production, Proc. Biochem., 31, 157-62 (1966) @No $ @ @ Ara K., Sneki K.., Igarashi K. and Ito S., Alkaline pullulanase manufacture with Bacillus, Eur. Pat. App. EP. 415, 397 (1991) @No $ @ @ Castro G.R., Baigori M.D., Mendez B.S. and Sineriz F., Effect of pH and temperature on the continuous production of amylolytic enzymes by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 58(3), 277-280 (1993) @No $ @ @ Ara K., Igarashi K., Saeki K., Kawai S. and Ito S., Purification and some properties of an alkaline pullulanase from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. KSM-1876, Biosc. Biotechnol. Biochem., 56, 62-65 (1992) @No $ @ @ Ling H.S., Ling T.C., Mohamad R. and Ariff A.B., Characterization of pullulanase type II from Bacillus cereusH1.5, Am. J. Biochem. Biotechnol., 5(4), 170-179 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kim C.H., Choi H.I. and Lee D.S., Purification and biochemical properties of an alkaline pullulanase from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. S-1, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 57(10), 1632-1637 (1993) @No $ @ @ Yamanobe T. and Takasaki T., Production of maltose from starch of various origins by -amylase and pullulanase of Bacillus cereus var.mycoides, Biseibutsu Kenkyu Hakoku, 52, 17-23 (1979) @No $ @ @ Zareian S., Khajeh K., Ranjbar B., Dabirmanesh B., Ghollasi M. and Mollania N., Purification and characterization of a novel amylopullulanase that converts pullulan to glucose, maltose, and maltotriose and starch to glucose and maltose, Enzyme Microbial. Technol., 46, 57–63 (2010) @No $ @ @ Ara K., Saeki K., Igarashi K., Takaiwa M., Uemura T., Hagihara H., Kawai S. and Ito S. Purification and characterization of an alkaline amylopullulanase with both alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 hydrolytic activity from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. KSM-1378, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 1243(3), 315-324 (1995) @No $ @ @ Singh R.S., Saini G.K. and Kennedy J.F., Maltotriose syrup preparation from pullulan using pullulanase, Carbohydr. Polym., 80, 401-407 (2010) @No $ @ @ Gesu G., Jun Y.S. and Zhang S., Studies on pullulanase from Aerobacter aerogenes I. Purification and some properties, Wei Sheng WU Ilsueh Pao, 20(4), 415-420 (1980) @No $ @ @ Markosyan L.S. and Balayan A.M., Extracellular pullulanase of thermophilic strain of Bacillus sp., Priki. Biokhim. Microbiol., 26(3), 313-320 (1990) @No $ @ @ Shen G.J., Srivastava K.C., Saha B.C. and Zeikus J.G., Physiological and enzymatic characterization of a novel pullulan-degrading thermophilic Bacillus strain 3183, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 33(3), 340-344 (1990) @No 
<#LINE#>Evaluation of Ratio Variation of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) on the Production of Pig Dung Biogas<#LINE#>D.V.@Adegunloye,S.Y.@Olosunde,A.B.@Omokanju<#LINE#>44-48<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-009.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704 Akure, NIGERIA<#LINE#>17/1/2013<#LINE#>6/2/2013<#LINE#>  Evaluation of ratio variation of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) on the production of pig dung biogas was investigated. Water hyacinth was blended and mixed with pig dung in different ratio. The blended water hyacinth and pig dung was weighed in ratio 1:1 and 1:3. These were mixed together separately in a sterile container with water to form slurry, they were then poured individually into two digesters. The temperature of the digesting materials and the environment was determined daily; also the pH was measured every two days. The temperature was between 27C – 34C in the digesting materials while the environmental temperature was between 25C – 32C. The pH was within the range 4.8 - 6.8. A total of twelve bacteria, five fungi and one yeast were isolated during digestion of materials. The chemical composition of the gases of water hyacinth and pig dung in ratio of 1:1 were 83.40% methane, 0.01% ammonia, 0.03% carbon dioxide, 1.86% carbon monoxide, 5.85% hydrogen sulphide and 8.89% other gasses. The ratio 1:3 were 88.3% methane, 0.04% ammonia, 0.02% carbon dioxide, 1.30% carbon monoxide, 4.10% hydrogen sulphide and 6.20% traces of other unknown gasses. There was increase in the percentage composition of the methane gas when the water hyacinth was just in ratio one and pig dung ratio three, that is the lower the water hyacinth the more will be the methane produced.  <#LINE#> @ @ Goswami A.P. and Mankodi P.C., Study on Zooplankton of Fresh Water Reservoir Nyari - II Rajkot district, Gujarat, India, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(1), 30-34 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tower P., Wetzel J. and Lombard X., New Landfill Gas Treatment Technology Dramatically Lowers Energy Production Costs,  Applied Filter Technology,  Retrieved 2009-04-30 (2006) @No $ @ @ Richards B., In situ methane enrichment in methanogenic energy crop digesters, Biomass and Bioenergy:, 275–274(1994) @No $ @ @ Adcock M. and Finelli M., Against nature: The sensitive pig versus the hostile environment of the modern pig farm.  Hsus news Washington, DC: Human society of the U.S. (1996) @No $ @ @ Shaziya Bi and Goyal P.K., Anthelmintic effect of Natural Plant (Carica papaya) extract against the Gastrointestinal nematode, Ancylostoma caninum in Mice, ISCA J. Biological Sci.,1(1), 2-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ghosh S., Henry M.P. and Klass D.L., Conversion of Water Hyacinth-Coastal Bermuda grass MSW sludge blends to methane, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Symp.,10, 163-187 (1980) @No $ @ @ Somani Vaishali, Quadros Goldin and Pejaver Madhuri K., Occurrence of Rotifers and its Relation to the Water Quality during the Bioremediation process in Lake Kacharali, Thane, MS, India,ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(3), 54-58 (2012) @No $ @ @ Garba B. and Sambo A.S., Effect of some parameters on biogas production rate, Nigerian Journal of Renewable Energy, 3(36), 41-42 (1992) @No $ @ @ Barnett E.A. and Hunter B.H., Illustrated General of imperfecti Third edition, Burgress Publishing Company, Minneapolis, 100-130 (1983) @No $ @ @ Rhode B. and Hartman G., Introducing Mycology by examples. Schering Aktiengesell Shaft Press Hamburg, 84-121 (2002) @No $ @ @ Holt J.G., Krieg N.R., Sneath P.H., Stanley J.J and Williams S.T., Bergeys Manual of determinative bacteriology,Wilkins publishers, Baltimore, 5th edition (1994) @No $ @ @ Adjou Euloge S., Kouton Sandrine, Dahouenon-Ahoussi Edwige, Sohounhloue Dominique C.K., Soumanou Mohamed M., I. Antifungal activity of Ocimum canumEssential oil against Toxinogenic Fungi isolated from Peanut Seeds in post-harvest in Benin, Res. J. Biological Sci.,1(7), 20-26 (2012) @No $ @ @ Atlas R.M., Fundamental Approach to Microbiology. 4th edition, New York, 145-290 (1984) @No $ @ @ Thauer R.K., Biochemistry of Methanogenesis: a Tribute to Marjory Stephenson, Microbiology, 144, 2377-2406 (1998) @No $ @ @ Balch W.E. Fox G.E., Mergrum L.J., Woese C.R. and Wolfe G., Methanogens; Re-evaluation of unique biological group, Microbial Rev.,43, 260-296 (1979) @No $ @ @ Marchaim C.G., Principles and practices for Biogas Systems World Bank Technical paper, 49 (1986) @No $ @ @ Santhosh Kumar K., Lingaiah Kusuma, Ramachandra N.B. and Nair Vijay Mala,  Genetic variations among Ecologically diverse species of Anurans at the level of Genus based on ISSR Marker, I. Res. J. Biological Sci.,1(7), 11-19 (2012) @No  
<#LINE#>Comparison of the Artemia salina and Artemia uramiana bioassays for toxicity of 4 Iranian medicinal plants<#LINE#>Mirzaei@Mahsa,Ali@Mirzaei<#LINE#>49-54<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-014.pdf<#LINE#>Medicinal Plant Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, IRAN<#LINE#>26/1/2013<#LINE#>6/2/2013<#LINE#>  For evaluation of  4 Iranian medicinal plant toxicity Brine shrimp lethality assays  Artemia salina and Artemia uramiana bioassay  were used. A. urmiana and A. salina eggs were purchased and kept in a hatching chamber  that  containing  artificial sea water  for preparation of nauplii. The active nauplii were collected for study after 48 h. The Plantago major, Artemisia maritime,Mentha piperita and Borago officinalis were prepred in Yasuj,Iran and  individually extracted with methanol, hexane, and ethyl acetate by Soxhlet apparatus. The toxicity rate of extracts was estimated on the basis of the number of dead nauplii, or mortality rate byArtemia salina and Artemia uramiana . LC50 values with 95% confidence intervals were determined by the probit analysis. All extracts, exception of B. officinalis displayed 100.0% mortality at 1000 g/ml by A. urmiana and A. salina. Ethyl acetate extract was the most potent and presented the highest percentage of mortality with the lowest LC50 values by both assays too . After ethyl acetate, hexane extract showed the highest toxicity, however, The methanol extract exhibited the lowest mortality .According to  A. urmiana and A. salina toxicity results , trend of the extracts  P. major &#x0000; A. maritima &#x0000; M. piperita &#x0000; B. officinalis was reported. There was a positive correlation between the results from A. urmiana and A. salina, for detecting plants toxicity with a Pearson correlation of R2 = 0.989. According to present results A. uramiana assay was valuable for the screening of plant extracts to detect of toxicity. <#LINE#> @ @ Sirappuselvi S. and Chitra M. In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Cassia tora Lin, Inter.Res. J. of Biolo. Sciences, 1(6), 57-61  (2012) @No $ @ @ Rosangkima G.  and Prasad  S.B., Antitumour activity of some plants from Meghalaya and Mizoram against murine ascites Dolton’s lymphoma, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 42, 981–988 (2004) @No $ @ @ Aweng E.R.1, Nur Hanisah1, Mohd Nawi M.A.1, Nurhanan Murni Y. and Shamsul M. Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds of Vitex Trifolia Var, Simplicifolia Associated with Anticancer, ISCA J. of Biolo. Sciences, 1(3), 65-68 (2012) @No $ @ @ Madhuri  S. and Pandey G ., Some dietary agricultural plants with anticancer properties, Plant Arch.,  8, 13–16 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sivalokanathan S., Ilayaraja and M. and Balasubramanium M.P., Efficacy of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) on N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 43, 264–267 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lagarto Parra R. Silva Yhebra  I. Guerra S.  and  Iglesias Buela L., Comparative study of the assay of Artemia salina L. and the estimate of the medium lethal dose (LD50 value) in mice, to determine oral acute toxicity of plant extracts, Phytomedicine, 8(5), 395–400 (2001) @No $ @ @ Tülay A.Ç. and Özlem S.A., Cytotoxic and genotoxic eects of Lavandula stoechas aqueous extracts, Biologia., 3, 292–296 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sorgeloos P., Lavens P., Lege P.H., Tackaert W. and Versichele D., Manual for the culture and use of the brine shrimp Artemia in aquaculture,Faculty of Agriculture, State University of Gent: Gent, Belgium, 319  (1986) @No $ @ @ Agh  N. and Sorgeloos P., INCO-DEV project on Artemia biodiversity international workshop. Urmia, Iran.(2004) @No $ @ @ Sadighara P., Salar-Amoli J., Asadinejad  S.H.  and  Zadehhashem E., Using Artemia urmiana in detecting of the cytotoxicity of some selected food additives, Biharean. Biologist, 4(1), 81-82 (2010) @No $ @ @ Anubha  S.K., Brine shrimp Artemia salina -a marine animal for simple and rapid biological assays, J. of Chinese Clinical Medicine, 4(2), 1-4 (2007) @No $ @ @ Abdullahi S.K And lawal G.H. Antibacterial Screening and Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina) Toxicity of Securidaca longepedunculata (Polygalaceae) Root BarkAfrican J. of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacy1(1, 85-95 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kobeasy  M.I., Abdel-Fatah O.M., Abd El-Salam S.M., Zahrat M.M. and  Ola E.l.,  Biochemical studies on Plantago major L. and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L, International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 3(3), 83-91 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sushil  C.S., Nitin S., Rawat U. and Sati O.P.,  Medicinal Plants as a Source of Antioxidants, Research J of Phytochem., 4,  213-224 (2010) @No $ @ @ Rajinder  S., Muftah A. and Shushni M., Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of  Mentha piperitaArabian J. of Chem., 1,744-752 (2011) @No $ @ @ Naghdi Badi  H. and Sorooshzadeh A., Evaluating potential of borage (Borago officinalis L.) in bioremediation of saline soil, Afr. J. of Biotechno., 10(2), 146-153 (2011) @No $ @ @  Mayank  G. and Swati S., borago officinalis linn. An Important Medicinal Plant Of Mediterranean Region, Int. J. of Pharmaceutical Sci.Rev. and Res.,  5(1), 27-34 (2010) @No $ @ @  Amara  A.A. and El-Masry M.H., Plant crude extracts could be the solution: extracts showing in vivo antitumorigenic activity, Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 21(2), 159-171 (2008) @No $ @ @  Sam  T.W.,  Toxicity testing using the brine shrimp: Artemia salina, In: Colegate, S.M., and Molyneux, R.J. (Ed), Bioactive Natural Products Detection, Isolation, and Structural Determination, CRC Press, Boca Raton FL., 442-456 (1993) @No $ @ @  Koehn  F.E. and Carter G.T.,  The evolving role of natural products drug discovery, Nat. Rev., 4, 206-22 (2005) @No $ @ @ Fabricant D.S. and Farnsworth N.R., The Value of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine for Drug Discovery, Environ. 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Res., 14, 617-622 (2000) @No $ @ @  Danielm S.F., Norman R.F., Fabricant D.S. and Farnsworth N.R., The Value of Plants Used in Traditional Medicine for Drug Discovery, Environ. Health  Perspect., 109, 69-75 (2001) @No $ @ @  Nair  B., Final report on the safety assessment of Mentha piperita(Peppermint) Oil, Mentha piperita (Peppermint) Leaf Extract, Mentha piperita (Peppermint) Leaf, and Mentha piperita(Peppermint) Leaf Water, Int. J. Toxicol., 20, 61-73 (2001) @No $ @ @  Lin L.T., Liu L.T., Chiang L.C. and Lin C.C., in vitro anti-hepatoma activity of fifteen natural medicines from Canada phytother. res., 16, 440-4 (2002) @No  
<#LINE#>Nucleotide Binding and Oligomerization Domain 1 (NOD1) Receptor in Catla (Catla catla) : Inductive Expression and Down-Stream Signaling in Ligand Stimulation and Bacterial Infections<#LINE#>Banikalyan@Swain,NikhilKumar@Maiti,Mrinal@Samanta<#LINE#>55-61<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-016.pdf<#LINE#> Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA <#LINE#>4/2/2013<#LINE#>12/2/2013<#LINE#>  The nucleotide binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) is a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (PRR), and is a member of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family. It senses various pathogens or their products, and plays an important role in inducing innate immunity. This report describes the identification of NOD1 and its  down-stream signaling in the Indian major carp, catla (Catla catla), one of the highly commercially important and extensively cultured freshwater fish species in the Indian subcontinent. The basal expressions of NOD1and its downstream signaling molecule RICK (receptor interacting serine-threonine kinase) were analyzed in gill, liver, kidney, intestine, heart, spleen, brain, eye, muscle, skin and blood of healthy catla fingerlings by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay, and it showed their wide expression in all tested tissues. Among the tested tissues, highest expression of NOD1 was observed in liver, and RICK in gill. Stimulation with iE-DAP, LPS and poly I:C activated NOD1 receptor signaling  resulting in  significant (p  0.05) induction of downstream signaling molecule RICK, and the effector molecules IL-1 in the treated fish group as compared to their control. Infection with Aeromonas hydrophila also activated NOD1 receptors signaling. These findings suggest the important role of NOD1 receptor as innate immune gene in fish. <#LINE#> @ @ Akira S., Uematsu, S. and Takeuchi O., Pathogen recognition and innate immunity, Cell, 124, 783–801 (2006)  @No $ @ @  Magnadottir B., Innate immunity of fish (overview),  Fish Shellfish Immunol.,20, 137-151 (2006) @No $ @ @  Aoki T., Takano T., Santos M.D., Kondo H. and Hirono I., Molecular Innate immunity in Teleost Fish: Review and Future Perspectives, 5th World Fisheries Congress, 263-276 (2008) @No $ @ @  Franchi L., Eigenbrod T., Munoz-Planillo R. and Nunez G., The inflammasome: A caspase-1-activation platform that regulates immune responses and disease pathogenesis, Nature Immunol., 10, 241-247 (2009) @No $ @ @  Chen X.C., Zhang M.X. and Zhu X.Y., Engagement of Toll-like receptor 2 on CD4+ T cells facilitates local immune responses in patients with tuberculous pleurisy, J. Infect. Dis., 200, 399–408 (2009) @No $ @ @  Wilmanski J., Ocwieja T. and Kobayashi K., NLR proteins: integral members of innate immunity and mediators of inflammatory diseases, J. Leukoc. Biol.,  83,13-30 (2008) @No $ @ @  Werts C., Girardin S.E. and Philpott D.J., TIR, CARD and PYRIN: three domains for an antimicrobial triad, Cell Death Differ.,  13, 798-815 (2006) @No $ @ @  Philpott D. and Girardin S., Nod-like receptors: sentinels at host membranes, Current Opinion in Immunology,  22,428-434 (2010) @No $ @ @  Chamaillard M., Hashimoto M., Horie Y., Masumoto J., Qiu S., Saab L., Ogura Y., Kawasaki A., Fukase K., Kusumoto S., Valvano M.A., Foster S.J., Mak T.W., Nuñez G. and Inohara N.,  An essential role for NOD1 in host recognition of bacterial peptidoglycan containing diaminopimelic acid, Nat. Immunol., 4, 702-707 (2003) @No $ @ @  Girardin S.E., Boneca I.G., Carneiro L.A., Antignac A., Jéhanno M., Viala J., Tedin K., Taha M.K., Labigne A., Zähringer U., Coyle A.J., DiStefano P.S., Bertin J., Sansonetti P.J. and Philpott D.J., Nod1 Detects a Unique Muropeptide from Gram-Negative Bacterial Peptidoglycan, Science,  300, 1584-1587 (2003) @No $ @ @ Inohara N., Koseki T., Lin J., del Peso L., Lucas P.C., Chen F.F., Ogura Y. and Núñez G., An induced proximity model for NF-kappa B activation in the Nod1/RICK and RIP signaling pathways, J. Biol. Chem., 275, 27823-27831 (2000) @No $ @ @  Bourhis L., Benko S. and Girardin S., NOD1 and NOD2 in innate immunity and human inflammatory disorders, Biochem. Soc. Trans.,  35, 1479-1484 (2007) @No $ @ @  Hasegawa M., Fujimoto Y., Lucas P.C., Nakano H., Fukase K., Núñez G. and Inohara N., A critical role of RICK/RIP2 polyubiquitination in Nod-induced NF-kB activation, EMBO. J., 27, 373-383 (2008) @No $ @ @  Hisamatsu T., Suzuki M., Reinecker H.C., Nadeau W.J., McCormick B.A. and Podolsky D.K., CARD15/NOD2 functions as an antibacterial factor in human intestinal epithelial cells, Gastroenterology, 124, 993-1000 (2003) @No $ @ @  Hasegawa M., Yamazaki T., Kamada N., Tawaratsumida K.., Kim Y.G., Núñez G. and Inohara N., Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 mediates recognition of Clostridium difficile and induces neutrophil recruitment and protection against the pathogen, J. Immunol.,186,4872–4880 (2011) @No $ @ @ Tohno M., Shimazu T., Aso H., Uehara A., Takada H., Kawasaki A., Fujimoto Y., Fukase K., Saito T. and Kitazawa H., Molecular cloning and functional characterization of porcine Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1 (NOD1)  recognizing minimum agonists, meso- diaminopimelic acid and mesolanthionine. Mol. 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<#LINE#>DNA-Binding and Cytotoxic activities of Supercritical-CO2 extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst. collected from the Wild of Bukidnon Province, Philippines<#LINE#>S.@ElumbaZeus,G.@TevesFranco,B.@MadambaMa.ReinaSuzette<#LINE#>62-68<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-019.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Central Mindanao University, Musuan, Bukidnon, PHILIPPINES @ Dept. of Biological Sci., College of Sci. and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, PHILIPPINES <#LINE#>5/2/2013<#LINE#>9/2/2013<#LINE#>  DNA-binding and cytotoxic natural products are of current interest for the discovery of new anticancer and/or antitumor drugs. Mushrooms in the wild such as Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst. is a promising source of such bioactive natural products, thus it must be investigated for potential bioprospecting. In the present study, the bioactive compounds from the three supercritical-CO (SC-CO) extracts of G. lucidum (Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst (GL1, GL2 and GL3)collected in wild of Bukidnon Province, Philippines were tested in their ability to bind to genomic DNA in vitro and their cytotoxicity in vivo using biomolecular-chemical screening and brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA), respectively. Results revealed that the extracts from 10 (GL1) and 30 (GL3) MPa extraction pressures contained compounds that exhibit binding affinity towards Salmon sperm DNA as indicated by their Rf/Rf ratios below 1. For BSLA, the LC50 (24h) values ranged from 31.62-89.12 µg/ml, indicate significant cytotoxic activity. Based on the results, the wild G. lucidum (Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst used could be a potential source of DNA-binding and cytotoxic compounds that can be exploited for the development of therapeutically-useful drugs for tumors and/or cancers. <#LINE#> @ @ Gibson D., Drug-DNA interactions and novel drug design, Pharmacogenomics J., , 275-276 (2002) @No $ @ @ Newman D.J., Cragg G.M. and Snader K.M., Natural products as sources of new drugs over the period 1981-2002, J. Nat. Prod.,66),1022-37 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kim J. and Park E.J., Cytotoxic Anticancer Candidates from Natural Resources, Curr. Med. Chem., , 485-537 (2002) @No $ @ @ Maier A., Maul C., Zerlin M., Sattler I., Grabley S. and Thiericke R., Biomolecular-chemical screening: a novel screening approach for the  discovery of biologically active secondary metabolites. I. Screening strategy and validation, J. 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Ethnopharmacol., 107, 297-303 (2006) @No $ @ @  Galor S.W., Tomlison B. and Benzie I.F.F., Ganoderma lucidum (‘Lingzhi’), a Chinese medicinal mushroom: biomarker responses in a controlled human supplementation study, Br. J. Nutr., 91, 263-269 (2004) @No $ @ @ Wang H. and Ng T.B., Ganodermin, an antifungal protein from fruiting bodies of the medicinal mushrooms Ganoderma lucidum, Peptides, 271), 27-30 (2006) @No $ @ @  Gao Y., Zhou S., Huang M. and Xu A., Antibacterial and Antiviral Value of the Genus Ganoderma P. Karst. Species (Aphyllophoromycetidae): A Review, Int. J. Med. Mushrooms, , 1-12 (2003) @No $ @ @  Wasser S.P., Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating polysaccharides, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 60, 258-274 (2002) @No $ @ @  Mizuno T., Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma tsugae: bioactive substances and medicinal effects, Food Rev. Int., 11), 151-166 (1995) @No $ @ @  Kim H.W. and Kim B.K., Biomedicinal triterpenoids of Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst. (Aphyllophoromycetidae), Int J. Med. Mushrooms, 1, 121-138 (1999) @No $ @ @  Kidukuli A.W., Mbwambo Z.H., Malebo H.M., Mgina C.A. and Mihale M.J., In vivo antiviral activity, protease inhibition and brine shrimp lethality of selected Tanzanian wild edible mushrooms, J. Appl. Biosci.,31, 1887-1894 (2010) @No $ @ @ Lindequist U., Niedermeyer T.H.J. and Jlich W.D., The Pharmacological Potential of Mushrooms, eCAM, ), 285-299 (2005) @No $ @ @  Leonard A.C., Two Ganoderma species compared, Mycologist, 12), 65-68 (1998) @No $ @ @  Maier A., Maul C., Zerlin M., Sattler I., Grabley S. and Thiericke R., Biomolecular-chemical screening: a novel screening approach for the discovery of biologically active secondary metabolites. II. Application studies with pure metabolites, J. 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Pharm.,34),19-27 (1996) @No $ @ @ 5.Van Laar E.S., Roth S., Weitman S., MacDonald J.R. and Waters S.J., Activity of Irofulven against Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells Lines In Vitro  and In Vivo, Anticancer Res., 24, 59-66 (2004) @No $ @ @  Lin S.B., Li C.H., Lee S.S. and Kan L.S., Triterpene-enriched extracts from Ganoderma lucidum inhibit growth of hepatoma cells via suppressing protein kinase C, activating mitogen-activated protein kinases and G2-phase cell cycle arrest, Life Sciences, 7221), 2381-2390 (2003) @No $ @ @  Gonzalez A.G., Leon F., Rivera A., Padron J.I., Gonzalez-Plata J., Zuluaga J.C.,  Quintana J., Estevez F. and Bermejo J., New lanostanoids from the fungus Ganoderma concinna, J. Nat. Prod., 65, 417–421 (2002) @No $ @ @  Min B.S., Gao J.J., Nakamura N. and Hattori M., Triterpenes from the Spores of Ganoderma lucidum and Their Cytotoxicity against Meth-A and LLC Tumor Cells, Chem. Pharm. Bull.,48), 1026-1033 (2000) @No $ @ @  Gao J.J., Hirakawa A., Min B.S., Nakamura N. and Hattori M., In vivo antitumor effects of bitter principles from the antlered form of fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum, J. Nat.Med., 60, 42-48 (2006) @No $ @ @ Zhou S. and Gao Y., The immunomodulating effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst (LingZhi, Reishi Mushroom) (Aphylloromycetidae), In. J. Med. Mushrooms, 4, 1-11 (2002) @No  
<#LINE#>Detection of Immune Complexes in CSF of Tuberculous Meningitis cases in Correlation with Antibody Response<#LINE#>SoorajS.@Nath<#LINE#>69-75<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-021.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Calicut, Kerala, INDIA <#LINE#>6/2/2013<#LINE#>9/2/2013<#LINE#>  A total of 800 CSF samples from patients suspected to TB meningitis were analyzed for anti-TB antibodies and mycobacterial immune complexes. About 24.375% of the cases showed anti-TB immune response by ELISA. Some CSF samples were positive only for anti-TB antibodies whereas some others were positive only for mycobacterial immune complexes. It appears that the immune complexes which are found before the free antibody could be detected. Immune complexes are a mixture of both antigen and antibodies. As the disease progresses the patient would have free antibodies and may become negative for immune complexes. It appears from the present study that the detection of both antibody and immune complexes is significant in the immunodiagnosis of the disease. <#LINE#> @ @ Horner P.J. and Moss F.M., Tuberculosis in HIV infection, Int. J. STD AIDS, , 162-167 (1991) @No $ @ @ Selwyn P.A., Tuberculosis in the AIDS era: A new threat from an old disease, NY State J. Med.,91, 233-235 (1991) @No $ @ @ Katti M.K., Assessment of antibody responses to antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and cysticercus cellulosae in cerebrospinal fluid of chronic meningitis patients for definitive diagnosis as TBM/NCC by passive hemagglutination and immunoblot assays, FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 33, 57-61 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kashyap R.S., Agarwal N., Chandak N.C., Taori G.M., Biswas S.K. and Purohit H.J., Application of mancini technique as a diagnostic test in CSF of tuberculous meningitis patients, Med. Sci. Monit., 6, 95-98 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kennedy D.H. and Fallon R.J., Tuberculous meningitis, JAMA, 241, 264-268 (1979) @No $ @ @ Thwaites G., Chau T.T., Mai N.T., Drobniewski F. and McAdam K., Tuberculous meningitis, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 68, 289-299 (2000) @No $ @ @ Chakraborty N., Mukherjee A., Santra S., Sarkar R.N., Banerjee D., Guha S.K., Chakraborty S. and Bhattacharyya S.K., Current trends of opportunistic infections among HIV seropositive patients from Eastern India, Jpn. J. Infect. Dis.,, 49-53 (2008) @No $ @ @ Sooraj S.N., Nathiya K., Dhanabalan R., Angayarkanni J. and Palaniswamy M., Detection of mycobacterial antibodies in serum samples by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10, 16012-16015 2011) 9.Sooraj S.N., Nathiya K. and Palaniswamy M., Vaccine turned to diagnostic tool, Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., , 54-56 (2012) @No $ @ @  Frieden T.R., Sterling T.R., Munsiff S.S., Watt C.J. and Dye C., Tuberculosis, Lancet, 362, 887–899 (2003) @No $ @ @ Grzybowski S., Barnett G.D. and Styblo K., Contacts of cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis, Bull Int. Union Tuberc.,50, 90-106 (1975) @No $ @ @  Lowell A.M., Tuberculosis: its social and economic impact and some thoughts on epidemiology. P. Kubica and L. G. Wayne (ed.), The mycobacteria. Part B. Marcel Dekker, New York., 1021-1056 (1984) @No $ @ @  Daniel T.M. and Debanne S.M., The serodiagnosis of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.,135,1137-1151 (1987) @No $ @ @  Van Vooren J.P., Turneer M., Yernault J.C., De Bruyn J., Burton E., Legros F. and Farber C.M., A multidot immunobinding assay for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis, comparison with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, J. Immunol. Methods, 113, 45-49 (1988) @No $ @ @  Samuel A.M., Kadival G.V., Irani S., Pandya S.K. and Ganatra R.D., A sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis, Ind. J. Med. Res., 77, 752-757 (1983) @No $ @ @  Kalish S.B., Radin R.C., Leitz 0 Zeiss C.K. and Phair J.P., The enzymelinked immunosorbent assay method for IgG antibody to purified protein derivative in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tuberculous meningitis, Ann. Int. Med., 99, 630 (1983) @No $ @ @  Chandramukhi A., Bothamley G.H., Brennan P.J. and Evanyi J., Levels of antibodies to defined antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in tuberculous meningitis, J. Clin. Microbiol., 27, 821-825 (1989) @No $ @ @  Kadival G.V., Samuel A.M., Virdi S.S., Kale R.N. and Ganatra R.D., Radioimmunoassay of tuberculous antigen, Indian J. Med. Res.,75, 765-770 (1982) @No $ @ @  Samuel A.M., Kadival G.V., Ashtekar M.D. and Ganantra R.D., Evaluation of tubercular antigen and anti tubercular antibodies in pleural and ascitic effusions, Ind. J. Med. Res., 80, 563-565 (1984) @No $ @ @ Sada E., Ruiz-Palacios G.M., Lopezvidal Y. and Ponce De Leon S., Detection of mycobacterial antigens in CSF of patients with tuberculous meningitis by ELISA, Lancet, , 651-652 (1984) @No $ @ @  Bhatia A.S., Kumar S. and Harinath B.C., Immunodiagnosis of Tuberculosis: An update, Ind. J. Clin. Biochem., 16(1), 132-135 (2001) @No  
<#LINE#>Limnological profile of Chenani Hydroelectric Reservoir, its connecting channel and River Tawi in Udhampur district of J&K, India<#LINE#>V.C.@Mohan,K.K.@Sharma,A.@Sharma<#LINE#>76-79<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-022.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K 180006, INDIA <#LINE#>6/2/2013<#LINE#>9/2/2013<#LINE#>  In the present study, Physico-chemical conditions of Chenani hydroelectric reservoir, its connecting channels and feeder river Tawi were studied from 10 September 2011 to 10 August 2012, with an objective to generate data of their water quality parameters. Chenani hydroelectric reservoir is situated at 32°57’ 45.49’ N to 75°10’ 46.93’E, having dimension of 750×150×22 feet with a capacity of 15Mw. Water analysis was done for the physico-chemical parameters viz. air temperature, water temperature, transparency, pH, DO, FCO2, carbonates, bicarbonates, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sulphates, phosphates and nitrates. Water remains alkaline throughout the study period in all these water bodies and value of its pH ranged between 8.1 to 8.9. Parameters viz. transparency, Dissolved oxygen, bicarbonates, calcium and magnesium showed seasonal fluctuations with an increases from monsoon (September) to Winter (February) where as values of FCO, chloride,  phosphate, sulphate and nitrate show decline in same seasons in all the stations. <#LINE#> @ @   Singh D.K. and Singh C.P., Pollution studies on river Subernarekha around industrial belt at Ranchi (Bihar),Indian. J. Environ. Hlth., 32, 26-33 (1990)@No $ @ @ A.P.H.A., Standard methods of the examination of water and waste water 16th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C. (1985)@No $ @ @ Chourasia S.K. and Adoni A.D., Zooplankton dynamics in a shallow eutropic lake, In Proc. Nat. Symp. Pure and Appl. Limnology (Ed. A.D. Adoni), Bull. Bot. Soc. Sagar, 32, 30-39 (1985)@No $ @ @ Ramanibai P.S. and Ravichandran S., Limnology of anurban pond at Madras, Indian, Poll. Res., 6, 77-81 (1987)@No $ @ @ Ambasht R.S. and Shardendu, Morphometry and Physicobiotic characters of Varanasi ponds, Proc. Nat.Acad, Sci. India, 59(B), 421-426 (1989)@No $ @ @ Zutshi, D.P., Subla, B.A., Khan, M.A. and Wanganeo, O.,Comparative limnology of nine lakes of Jammu and Kashmir Himalayas, Hydrobiol., 72(1-2), 101-112 (1980)@No $ @ @ Mali, K.N. and Gajaria, S.C., Assessment of primary productivity and hydrobiological characterization of a fish culture pond, Gujarat. Indian Hydrobiol., 7, 113-119 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sangpal, R.R., Kulkarni, U.D. and Nandurkar, Y.M., Anassessment of the physico-chemical properties to study the pollution potential of Ujjani reservoir, Solapur district,India ARPN, Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 6 (3), 34-38 (2011) @No $ @ @ Agarkar S.V. and Garode, A.M., Physcio-chemical and microbiological aspects of Sakegaon reservoir water, Indian Hydrobiol., 4, 65-69 (2001) @No $ @ @ Shiddamallayya, N. and Pratima, M., Impact of domestic sewage on fresh water body. Journal of Environmental Biology, 29(3), 303-308 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bohra, O.P., Some aspects of limnology of padma Sagar and Rani Sagar, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Jodhpur,Jodhpur (1976)@No $ @ @ Patil S.G., Chonde S.G., Jadhav A.S. and Raut P.D., Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton Communities, Kolhapur, India,Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(2), 56-60, (2012)@No $ @ @ Parihar S.S., Kumar, A., Kumar, A., Gupta R.N., Pathak,M., Shrivastav, A. and Pandey A.C., Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Underground Water in and Around Gwalior City, MP, India Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(6), 62-65 (2012)@No $ @ @ Joshi, P.C. and Singh, A., Analysis of certain physicochemical parameters and planktons of fresh water hill stream of nanda Devi biosphere reserve, Uttar Pradesh J. Zoology, 21, 177-179 (2001)@No $ @ @ Parikh, A.N. and Mankodi, P.C., Limnology of Sama Pond,Vadodara City, Gujarat, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(1), 16-21 (2012)@No $ @ @ Dwivedi, B.K. and Pandey, G.C., Physico-chemical factors and algal diversity of two ponds (Girija Kund and Maqubara Pond), Faizabad, Poll. Res., 21, 361-370 (2002) @No $ @ @ Rochford, D.J., Studies in Australian estuarine hydrology. I.Introductory and Comparative features, Aust. J. Mar.Freshwater Reo., 2(1), 116 (1951)@No $ @ @ Jameel, A.A., Physico-chemical studies in Vyyakandan channel water of river Cauvery, Poll. Res., 17, 111-114(1998) @No $ @ @ Kaushik, Sharma, S. S. and Saksena, D.N., Physicochemical factors and the aquatic insect density of a pond receiving cotton mill effluents at Gwalior, India, J. Ecol.,16(1), 64-67 (1989) @No $ @ @ Dhamodharan, T. And Suresh, S., Pollution Research 24(1), 239-342 (2005) @No $ @ @ Basant, K., Murugan, S.A. and Chaudhary, B.N., Seasonal variation of physico-chemical properties of Kamala basin of Darbhanga district, Bihar, Inter.Jou. of Adva. Biol. Res.,1(1), 123-125 (2011) @No $ @ @ Wetzel, R.G., Limnology, W.B. Saunders CO., Philadephia(1975)@No $ @ @ Seghal, H.S., Limnology of Lake Surinsar, Jammu, withreferances to zooplankton and fishery prospects, Ph.DThesis, university of Jammu (1980)@No $ @ @ Kumar, S., Limnology of Kunjwani Pond, Jammu withreferances to Plankton and Macrophites. M.PhilDissertation, submitted to university of Jammu (1990)@No $ @ @ Choe, S. and Kwak, H.S., Chemical water qualities of LakeEuiam, The journal of the Oceanological society of Korea,6(2), 63-67 (1971)@No $ @ @ Jain, S.M., Sharma, M. and Thakur, R., Seasonal variationsinVidisha district, J. Ecobiol., 8, 181-188 (1996)@No 
<#LINE#>Increasing Proclivity for Junk Food among Overweight Adolescent Girls in District Kurukshetra, India<#LINE#>S.@Goel,T.@Kaur,M.@Gupta<#LINE#>80-84<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-026.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Home Science, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, INDIA @  Department of Home Science, Indira Gandhi National College, Ladwa, Haryana, INDIA<#LINE#>11/2/2013<#LINE#>21/2/2013<#LINE#>  Obesity in adolescents is gradually becoming a major public health problem in many developing countries, including India. Being overweight as an adolescent is associated with being overweight as an adult. Change in dietary habit of consuming more high energy junk food and shifting to sedentary lifestyle is likely to be one of the important precursors of overweight and obesity among adolescents. Keeping this in view, the present study was conducted on overweight adolescent girls aged 16-18 years selected purposively from two different schools in district Kurukshetra, Haryana state. Maximum (63%) subjects had monthly family income in the range of Rs. 25,000-50,000.  More than two-third (66.25%) adolescent girls skipped at least one meal a day and the most frequently missed meal was breakfast (41.25%).The most common (60.37%) effect of skipping meal among adolescent girls was consumption of junk food. Potato chips, chocolate and carbonated drinks respectively, were the most (100%, 92.50%, 91.25%) preferred junk food item. The data further revealed highly significant (P0.05) and positive correlation between fried foods vs weight and BMI (r=0.524, 0.334), respectively. Chinese foods were also significant (P0.05) and positively correlated to weight and BMI (r= 0.342, 0.224), respectively. The adolescent girls were consuming excess of energy, protein and fat but inadequate micronutrients like iron and beta–carotene.  The results of the present investigation suggested that it is necessary to promote healthy eating habits among adolescents and educate them about ill effects of junk food so as to prevent overweight/obesity and obesity related complications. <#LINE#> @ @ Elizabeth K.E., A novel growth assesment chart for adolescent, Indian Pediatr., 38, 1061-1064 (2001) @No $ @ @ Lobstein T., Baur L. and Uauy R., Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health, Obes. Rev., 5(Suppl 1), 4 –104 (2004) @No $ @ @ Gortmaker S.L., Dietz W.H. Jr. and Cheung L.W., Inactivity, diet and the fattening of America, J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 90, 1247-1255 (1990) @No $ @ @ Anderson J.W. and Patterson K., Snack foods: comparing nutrition values of excellent choices and “Junk foods”, J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 24(3), 155-156 (2005) @No $ @ @ Singh P. and Singh A., Increasing allurensent for fast food in adolescent girls of urban area Varanasi, Ind. J. Prev. Soc. Med., 39 (1and 2), 24-27 (2008) @No $ @ @ Gomathy R. and John S., Measuring psychosocial, environmental and behavioural factors that influence the fruit and vegetable intake of adolescent girls, J. Ind. Dietet. Assoc.33(2): 26-37 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chhibber C., Children Hooked to Junk Food: Schools Fail to Curb the Menance, TheTribune, Ludhiana, September (2010) @No $ @ @ Augustine L.F. and Poojara R.H., Prevalence of obesity, weight perceptions and weight control practices among urban college going girls, Ind. J. of Comm. Medic., 28(4), 187-190 (2003) @No $ @ @ Lytle L.A., Seifert S., Greenstein J. and McGovern, P., How do children’s eating patterns and food choices change over time? Results from a cohort study, Am. J. Health Promot., 14, 222–228 (2000) @No $ @ @ Australian Bureau of Statistics,National Nutrition Survey: Foods Eaten [Report No. 4804.0], Canberra, Australia, (1995) @No $ @ @  11.Nielsen S.J. and Popkin B.M., Changes in beverage intake between 1977 and 2001, Am. J. Prev. Med., 27, 205–210 (2004) @No $ @ @ Song W.D., Roerr S., Bnond J., Kalarala M., Mann S., Sehgal S., Pande U., Singh I., Mehta U. and Rohini devi P., Nutriguide: Asian Indian Foods Nutritional Analysis computer programme. Michigan, Michigan State University,  (1992) @No $ @ @ Gopalan C., Ramasastri B.V., Balasubramanian S.C., Narasinga Rao B.S., Deosthale Y.G. and Pant, K.C.,  Nutritive value of Indian foods. National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India, (2004) @No $ @ @ Brahmam G.N.V., Laxmaiah A., Rao K.M. and Reddy C.G., Methodology on Assessment of Diet and Nutritional Status of Community, Pre Conference Workshop on Epidemoiological Tools in Assessment of Nutritional Society of India, Nutritional Institute of Nutritional, Indian Council of Medical Research, 1-18 (2005) @No $ @ @ Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults, National Institute of Health, USA,  98-4083 (1998) @No $ @ @ Rasyedah A.R., Norimah A.K. and Ruzita A.T., Body satisfaction and food habits among urban adolescent girls, Souvenir Programs and Abstracts, Scientific Conference, Nutrition Society of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 51 (2003) @No $ @ @ Niemeier H.M., Raynor H.A., Lloyd-Richardson E.E., Rogers M.L. and Wing R.R., Fast   food consumption and breakfast skipping: Predictors of weight gain from adolescence to adulthood in a nationally representative sample, J. Adolesc. Health., 39, 842-849 (2006) @No $ @ @ Jackson P., Romo  M.M., Castillo M.A. and Castillo-Duran C., Junk food consumption and child nutrition. Nutritional anthropological analysis, Rev. Med. Chil., 132(10), 1235-42 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ravi U. and Truman P., Diet choice, BMI and physical activity of college girls in Chennai, Proceedings of the 35thAnnual Conference of Indian Dietetic Association, 45 (2002) @No $ @ @ Wolfe W.S., Campbell C.C., Frongillo E.A., Haas J.D., and Melink T.A., Overweight school children in New York state: prevalence and characteristics, Am. J. Public Health, 84, 807-813 (1994) @No $ @ @ Klesges R.C., Klesges L.M. and Shelton M.L., A longitudinal analysis of accelerated weight gain in preschool children, Pediatr., 95,126-30 (1995) @No $ @ @ Moreno L.A. and Rodriguez G., Dietary risk factors for development of childhood obesity, Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care, 10, 336-341 (2007) @No  
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Study Compare of Methods of Proportioning of the Reactive Protein C:Method of Agglutination and Method Immunoturbidimetrique at the Hospital of zone of Suru – Lere, Cotonou, Republic of Benin<#LINE#>AÏKOU@Nicolas, VODOUNON@AlodéCyrille,Rock@AllisterLAPOM,LOKO@Frédéric,FAH@Lauris,BABAMOUSSA@Lamine,AKPONA@Simon,BEBADA@DahéouRodrigue,Hornel@KOUDOKPO<#LINE#>85-87<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-239.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi – Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, BENIN @ Laboratoire de biologie et de typage moléculaire en microbiologie, Département de biochimie et biologie cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences et techniques(FAST), Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC-Benin), Cotonou, BENIN <#LINE#>27/12/2012<#LINE#>13/1/2013<#LINE#>  On 135 Benin  children 0 old to 14 years, of which 56% in the age bracket [0 - 5 years] were selected according to criteria's good determined for the comparison of two methods of proportioning of  C Reactive Protein  (CRP). The specimens were analyzed by immunoturbidimetry and agglutination with latex on plate. Uses of the two methods, the results obtained are as follows: on 135 samples 105 appeared positive ( 6mg/l) with 78% positive for the test of agglutination to latex and 81% for the test immunoturbidimetric.  In the same way the test « t » of Student with P  0,05  revealed a significant difference between the averages of the two methods used. <#LINE#> @ @ Autier J., Miyara M. and Buyse S., Modulate 8: immunopathology, inflammatory reaction, item112. Issy-les-Moulineaux: Estem, 192 (2004) @No $ @ @ Cackle R., 250 tests of laboratory: regulation and interpretation, Paris: Elsevier Masson, 437 (2008) @No $ @ @ Vaishlavi L., Serum procalcitonin and Creactive protein levels ace markers off bacterial infection: systematic review and meta-analysis has, Repugnant covering joint, 39, 206-17 (1996) @No $ @ @ Santolaya M.E., Trunk J. and Bérési V., C-reactive protein: avaluable aid for the management off feverish children with cancer and neutropenia, Repugnant covering joint,18, 589-595 (2007) @No $ @ @ Bernad S., Clinical, Biochimy, Maloine: Paris (1985) @No $ @ @ Yassault A., Dumont G., Labbe Mr., Definition of the quality standards of a method of analysis: the monitor Internet, 26, 20-33 (1992) @No $ @ @ Eurachem Guides, The fitness for purpose off analytical method validation and related topics, Raven Near: New York, (1998) @No $ @ @ Yamashita K., Fujinaga T., Miyamoto T., Hagio Mr., Izumisawa Y., Kotani T., Relationship between serum cytokine activity and acute phase protein in human, The Medical newspaper off human Science, 56(3) 487-492 (2006) @No $ @ @ Collet B., Proteins of L-ignition, Thesis of Doctorate University, Claude Bernard, Lyon, 39-60 (1995) @No $ @ @ Medeci M.C., Mr. Martinelli, Albonetti V., Chezzi C. and Dettori G., Evaluation off rubella virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM assays vith of new Videa instrument. Newspaper off Clinical Microbiology, May, Flight 46 N°5, 1847-184 (2008) @No