@Research Paper <#LINE#>Antibacterial Activity of Pistacia atlantica extracts on Streptococcus mutans biofilm<#LINE#>Hosseini@Farzaneh,Afsoon@Adlgostar,Sharifnia@Fariba<#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-JBS-2012-053.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Bioscience, Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, IRAN @ Faculty of Bioscience, Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, IRAN<#LINE#>21/5/2012<#LINE#>30/1/2013<#LINE#> One of the important virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans is their ability to form biofilms known as dental plaque on tooth surfaces. Recently, mastic gum has raised interest in medicine as the public is more aware of the potential hazardous side effects of conventional medications. To determine antibacterial activity of mastic gum (resin of Pistacia atlantica) against the Streptococcus mutans strains, the total numbers of viable bacteria were formed biofilm on polystyrene micro plates with THB medium and 5% sucrose. The extracte of Pistacia atlantica resin was obtained from hydrodistillation with diethylether. The concentrations of 10% to 100% of essential oil were prepared. The levels of total cultivated bacteria were measured before and after increasing the extracts of P. atlantica resin. Detrmination of MIC was showed antibacterial activity of extracts of P. atlantica. In order after increasing the extracts of mastic gum 60% and up for 60, 10 and 1 minutes, a significant decrease of total bacteria was observed . The reduction in bacteria was not significant in concentrates of 10% to 30% at 1 minute incubation. The results show that the extracts of P. atlantica resin decreased the total viable S. mutans biofilms. . In this work, the chemical composition of extracted resin was studied by GC-MS, and the majority of their components was identified. -pinene (70 %), - copaene (76%) and - terpinolene (86%)were found to be the major components. Extracts of P. atlantica resin has an antibacterial activity against S mutans and may be useful for maintaining oral hygiene during dental injuries treatment. <#LINE#> @ @ Nawel M., El Amine D.M., Hocine A. and Boufeldja T., Comparative analysis of essential oil components of two Daucus species from Algeria and their antimicrobial activity, Int. Res. J. 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Edu. and Applied Sciences; Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>11/10/2012<#LINE#>27/12/2012<#LINE#>WHO estimates rank malaria as one of the top three killers among infectious diseases. Though many drugs are available for treatment of malaria, malarial parasite especially Plasmodium falciparum quickly develops resistance under selective drug pressure. Hence we require an array of new drugs for malaria treatment. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an essential enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate with concomitant conversion of NADH and NAD+ . Being an important enzyme of glycolysis for energy production it may prove good target for antimalarial drugs. In our study we retrieved Plasmodium LDH structures from PDB and used them as a drug target protein. Different structures of components of tulsi – Ocimum sanctum and mamejavo – Enicostema littorale were retrieved from PubChem and Zinc databases and docking was performed using Argus lab and Swissdock softwares. In this comparative study we found Argus lab more effective than Swissdock as it can give the results of e-value. Components of tulsi and mamejavo like apigenin, luteolin, carvacrol and rosmarinic acid with Argus lab and ajmalicine, swertiamarin, laminaribiose, catechin with Swissdock found effective against Plasmodium LDH enzyme in our docking study. We found in silico drug docking a better approach to check utility of any chemical as a drug before going through any in vivo or in vitro analysis to shorten out the experiments and cost cutting. <#LINE#> @ @ Greenwood B. and Mutabingwa T., Malaria in 2002, Nature.,415, 670–672 (2002) @No $ @ @ Phillips R.S., Current status of malaria and potential for Control, Clin. Microbiol. 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Total 45 species from different sampling station were recorded. Recorded fish species were classified in 6 order, 15 families and 32 Genera. Order Cyprniformes comprised of 5 families Cyprinidae, Siluridae, Bagridae, Saccobranchidae and Clariidae were found as a dominant group. The main fishes found are Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo rohita, Cyprinus carpio, Clarius batrachus and Oreochromis mossambicus <#LINE#> @ @ Ehrlich P.R. and Wilson E.O.,Biodiversity studies science and policy, Science, 253, 758-762 (1991) @No $ @ @ Day F., Fishes of India, Willium Dawson’s, London U. K. reprint edition, Today and Tomorrow Book agency, Delhi, 1(2) (1878) @No $ @ @ Shrivastava G.J., Fishes of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Vishwavidyalaya Prakashan, Varanasi (1968) @No $ @ @Bhat A., Diversity and composition of freshwater fishes in the river systems of Central Western Ghats india, enviromental biology of fishes68,25-38(2003) @No $ @ @ Talwar P.K. and Jhingran K.C., Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries, 3 (1 and 2)Oxford and IBH Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi (1991) @No $ @ @ Menon A.G.K., Conservation of Ichthyofauna of India, In: Conservation and Management of Inland Capture Fisheries Resources of India (Editors: Jhingran AG, Sugunan VV eds.) The Inland Fisheries Society of India, 25-33 (1989) @No $ @ @ Dubey G.P., Endangered, Vulnerable and Rare Fishes of West Coast River Systems of India, In: Threatened Fishes of India, NATCON, 4, 77-95(1994) @No $ @ @ Anon Perspective Plan of NBFGRAgriculture Research (1995) @No $ @ @ Kapoor D., Mahanta P.C., Pande A.India: Status and Conservation: Conserv. Nat. Pub., 47-53 (1998) @No $ @ @ Hora S.L., Notes on fishes in the Indian Museum. On a collection of fish Bailadila range, Bastar State, Provinces, Record of Indian M(1938) @No $ @ @ Hora S.L., On a collection of fish from the head waters of the Mahanadi River, Raipur district, C.P., Record of Indian (1940) @No $ @ @ Sen T.K., Fauna of Indravati Tiger Reserve, Conservation Zoological Survey of India, 6, 61-70 (1995) @No $ @ @ Sharma H.S., Freshwater Fishes, In Fauna of Madhya Pradesh (including Chhattisgarh), State Fauna Series,15(1), 147-244 (2007) @No $ @ @ WWW.fishbase.org,Fish base orgnization(2004) @No <#LINE#>Studies on Occurance, Richness and Composition of Zooplankton in Seena river water at, Mohal, Dist- Solapur, MS, India<#LINE#>D.A.@Kulkarni,S.S.@Surwase<#LINE#>25-28<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-209.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, S.M.D.M. Mahavidyalyaya, Kallamb, Dist. Osmanabad, MS, INDIA @ Department of Zoology, Rajaram College, Kolhapur, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>8/11/2012<#LINE#>19/12/2012<#LINE#> This investigation was undertaken to study the physico-chemical characteristics and zooplankton composition of the Seena river water. Physico-chamical parameters of Seena river water were favorable range for growth of Zooplankton. The Zooplankton community was maximum in summer season and minimum in the monsoon due to high temperature and low turbidty in summer season and vice versa. The composition of the zooplankton (rotifera) was dominant (40.82%) followed by Cladocera (25.67%), Copepoda (18.78%) and Ostracoda (14.71%). The Dominant trend of zooplankton in the present investigation Rotifera � Cladocera � Copepoda � Ostracoda during the year 2007-2008 but in the year 2008-2009 The composition of the zooplankton (rotifera) was dominant (34.23%) followed by Cladocera (27.90%), Copepoda (20.09%) and Ostracoda (17.75%). The Dominant trend of zooplankton in the present investigation Rotifera � Cladocera � Copepoda � Ostracoda. <#LINE#> @ @ Nevas I.F., Rocha O., Roche K.F. and Pinto A.A., Zooplankton community structure of two marginal lakes of the river Cuiba (Mato Grasso, Brazil) with analysis of rotifera and cladocera diversity, Braz. J. Biol.,63(3), 329-343 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sampio E.V., Rocha O., Matsumura-Tunsisi T. and Tunsisi J.G., Composition and abundance of zooplankton in the limnetic zone of seven reservoirs of the Paranapanema River, Brazil, Braz. J. Biol., 62(3), 525-545 (2002) @No $ @ @ Vandysh O.I., Zooplankton as an indicator of state of lake of ecosystems polluted with mining waste water in the Kolapeninsula, Russian J. Ecol., 35(2), 110-116 (2004) @No $ @ @ Webber Mona, Myers, Elecia Edwards, Cambell C. and Webber D., Phytoplankton and zooplankton as indicator of water quality in Discovery Bay Jamaica, Hydrobiologia.,545, 177-193 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ansari I.A., Some physico-chemical characteristics of Biahu Tal (A Freshwater Pond) of Tanda, Faizabad U.P. India, J. Adv. Zool., 7(1), 15-20 (1986) @No $ @ @ Chandrasekhar S.V.A. and Kodarkar M.S. Biodiversity of Zooplankton in Saroornagar lake, Hydrabad, J. Aqua Biol., 10(1), 44-47 (1994) @No $ @ @ Malathi D., Chandrasekhar S.V.A., Kodarkar M.S., Studies on Branchionus from lake Hussain sagar, Hydrabad, India, J. Aqua. Biol.,13(1), 7-12 (1998) @No $ @ @ Wagh N.S., Hydrobiological parameters of Harsul dam in relation to pollution, Ph.D. Thesis, Dr. B.A.M. University, Aurangabad (1998) @No $ @ @ Annapurna C. and Chatterjee Tapas, The freshwater Ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Dhanabad, Bihar, J. Aqua. Biol., 14(1&2), 11-15 (1999) @No $ @ @ Balamurugan S., Gulam M.G., Mohiuddin Subramanian P., Biodiversity of zooplankton in Kavery river stretch Tirucherapplli, Tamialnadu,J. Aqua. Biol.,14(1&2), 21-25 (1999) @No $ @ @ Hessen D.O., Ellen Van Donk and Ramesh Gulati,seasonal seston stoichimoetry: Effect on Zooplankton in Cynobacteria dominated lakes, J. of Plankton Res., 27(5),449-460 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hujare M.S., Hydrobiological studies on some water reservoir of Hatkanangale Tashil (Maharashtra), P.hD. Theis. Shivaji University, Kolhapur (2005) @No $ @ @ APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 19th edition American Public Health Association Washington, D.C.(1995) @No $ @ @ Tonapi G.T., Fresh animals of India (An Ecological Approach) Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi,341(1980) @No $ @ @ Singh D.N., Seasonal variation of zooplankton in tropical lake, Geobios,27(2-3), 97-100 (2000) @No $ @ @ Uttangi J.C., Conservation and management strategy for the water fowls of minor irrigation tank habits and their importance as stopover site in Dharwad Dist. In: Hosetti and M. Venkateshwaralu (eds.) Trends in wild life and management, Daya Publ. House, New Delhi, India, 179-221 (2001) @No $ @ @ Nayer C.K.G., Cladocera (The biologia classification, Identification and ecology, Indian association of aquatic Biologists. Publ.5) (1971) @No $ @ @ Rao M.B. and Muley E.V., Seasonal and species of zooplankton organisms and their succession in two freshwater ponds at Waghuli, Poona, Proc.Symp. Ecol. Anim. Pool. Zool. Surv., India, 2, 63-64 (1981) @No $ @ @ Mathew P.M., Seasonal trends in the fluctuations of plankton and physico-chemical factors in tropical lake (Govindgrah lake M.P.) and their interrelationship, T. Inland Fish. Soc. India,17 (1&2), 11-24 (1985) @No $ @ @ Kaushik S. and Sharma N., Physico-chemical characteristics and Zooplankton population of a Perinial tank, Matsya Sarower, Gwaliar, Environment & Ecology, 12(2), 429-434 (1994) @No $ @ @ Allen M.B. and Arnon D.I., Studies on Nitrogen Fixing blue green algae II, The sodium requirement of Anabena, Cylindrica, Physiol Plant, 8, 653-660 (1955) @No <#LINE#>Thermostable Alkaline Serine Protease from Thermophilic Bacillus Species<#LINE#>Ibrahim@NoorAzlina,Norazila@Yusoff<#LINE#>29-33<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-213.pdf<#LINE#> Faculty of Agro Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (Jeli Campus), Locked Bag No. 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, MALAYSIA <#LINE#>14/11/2012<#LINE#>20/11/2012<#LINE#> Screening and isolation of proteolytic bacteria were carried out from water samples of Lojing hot spring (Kelantan, Malaysia). Based on the qualitative screening on Skim Milk Agar (SMA), two isolates showed positive results by forming clearing zones around the colonies on SMA. The isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis 50a and B. licheniformis 50b on the basis of the 16s rRNA gene sequencing. The effect of temperature, pH and inhibitors on enzymes activity and stability were investigated. The crude proteases for both isolates displayed maximal activity at 70\rC and showed characteristic pH optima at pH 9.0. Enzymes activities were totally inhibited by phenylmethyl sulphonyl fluoride (PMSF), suggested that the proteases from B. subtilis 50a and B. licheniformis 50b belong to the family of serine protease. The thermostability profile exhibited the protease from B. subtilis 50a was very stable at 50\rC (maintain 100% relative activity) and the protease activity retained 89% of its original activity after heat treatment at 60\rC for 30 min. Meanwhile, protease activity for B. licheniformis 50b retained 96 and 72% of the original activity after heat treatment at 50 and 60\rC, respectively. Considering their promising properties, B. subtilis 50a and B. licheniformis 50b could be a potential sources of enzymes for industrial applications. <#LINE#> @ @ Nascimento W.C. and Martins M.L., Production and Properties of an Extracellular Protease from Thermophilic Bacillus sp. SMIA2, Braz. J. Microbiol., 35, 91-96 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kazan D., Denizci A.A., Oner M. and Erarslan A., Purification and Characterization of a Serine Alkaline Protease from Bacillus clausii GMBAE 42, J. Ind. Microbiol Biot., 32, 335–344 (2005) @No $ @ @ Huang G., Ying T, Huo P. and Jiang Y.Z., Purification and Characterization of a Protease from Thermophilic Bacillus strain HS08, Afr. J. Biotechnol., , 2433-2438 (2006) @No $ @ @ Boonyanas S., Supachok S., Suree P. and Shuitein C., Purification and Characterization of the Highly Thermostable Proteases from Bacillus stearothermophilus TLS33, Protein Expres. Purif., 20, 142–151(2000) @No $ @ @ Razak C., Rahman R., Salleh A.B., Yunus W., Ampon K. and Basri M., Production of a Thermostable Protease from a New High pH Isolate of B. stearothermophilus, J. Biosciences, , 94-100 (1995) @No $ @ @ Rahman R.N.Z.A, Razak C.N, Ampom K., Basri M., Yunus W.M.Z. and Salleh A.B., Purification and Characterization of a Heatstable Alkaline Protease from Bacillus stearothermophilus F1, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 40, 822-827 (1994) @No $ @ @ Olayujigbe F.M. and Kolawole A.O., Purification and Partial Characterization of a Thermostable Alkaline Protease from Bacillus licheniformis LHSB-05 Isolated from Hot spring, Afr. J. Biotechnol.,10(55), 11703-11710 (2011) @No $ @ @ Arulmani M., Aparanjini K., Vasanthi K., Arumugam P., Arivuchelvi M. and Kalaichelvan P.T., Purification and Partial Characterization of Serine Protease from Thermostable Alkalophilic Bacillus laterosporus-AK1, World J. Microb. Biot., 23, 475-481 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kaur S., Vohra R.M., Kapoor M., Beg Q.K. and Hoondal G.S., Enhanced Production and Characterization of a Highly Thermostable Alkaline Protease from Bacillus sp. P-2, World J. Microb Biot., 17, 125-129 (2001) @No $ @ @ Mukherjee A.K., Adhikari H. and Rai S.K., Production of Alkaline Protease by a Thermophilic Bacillus subtilis under Solid-state fermentation (SSF) condition using Imperata cylindrical grass and Potato peel as Low-cost medium: Characterization and Application of Enzyme in Detergent formulation, Biochem. Eng. J., 39, 353-361 (2008) @No $ @ @ Olajuyigbe F.M. and Ajele J.O., Some Properties of Extracellular Protease from Bacillus licheniformis Lbbl-11 Isolated from “iru”, a Traditionally Fermented African Locust Bean Condiment, Global J. Biotech. Biochem., 3(1), 42-46 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hajji M., Hmidet N., Jellouli K., Vallaeys T., Nasri M. and Kamoun A.S., Gene Cloning and Expression of a Detergent Stable Alkaline Protease from Aspergillus clavatus ES1, Process Biochem.,45, 1746-1752 (2010) @No $ @ @ Beg Q.K. and Gupta R., Purification and Characterization of an Oxidation-stable, Thiol-dependent Serine Alkaline Protease from Bacillus mojavensis, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 32, 294-304 (2003) @No $ @ @ Jellouli K., Ghorbel-Bellaaj O., Ayed H.B., Manni L., Agrebi R. and Nasri M., Alkaline-protease from Bacillus licheniformis MP1: Purification, Characterization and Potential Application as a Detergent additive and for Shrimp waste Deproteinization, Process Biochem., 46, 1248-1256 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rao C.S., Sathish T., Ravichandra P. and Prakasham R.S., Characterization of Thermo and Detergent Stable Serine Protease from isolated Bacillus circulans and Evaluation of Eco-friendly Applications, Process Biochem., 44, 262-268 (2009) @No $ @ @ Johnvesly B. and Naik G.R., Studies on Production of Thermostable Alkaline Protease from Thermophilic and Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. JB-99 in a Chemically defined medium, Process Biochem., 37, 139-144 (2001) @No $ @ @ Adinarayana K., Ellaiah P and Prasad D.S., Purification and Partial Characterization of Thermostable Serine Alkaline Protease from a Newly Isolated Bacillus subtilisPE-11, AAPS PharmSciTech., 4(4), article 56 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ghorbel B., Kamoun A.S. and Nasri M., Stability Studies of Protease from Bacillus cereus BG1, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 32, 513–518 (2003) @No <#LINE#>A Radiation Carcinogenesis Model Applied to Radon- Induced Lung Cancer Risk Prediction Using a Sugarscape Cellular Automaton<#LINE#>Samaneh@Baradaran,Saeed@Setayeshi,Maleknasr@Niaz,MohammadR.@Kardan<#LINE#>34-39<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-214.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, IRAN @Faculty of Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IRAN @Radiation Application School, Nuclear Sciences and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>18/11/2012<#LINE#>29/11/2012<#LINE#> Exposure to Radon and its decay products is one of the important risks of ionizing radiation from natural sources. It is the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking in the world. This special characteristic makes an increase in methods and models of lung cancer risk prediction from Radon. In this paper, we present a stochastic cellular automaton based on sugarscape to computational study complex biological effect of radon progeny alpha particles in lung bronchial airways. Our major objective is an assessment of lung cancer risk by following mechanism of cell action in different radiation doses. The model included mechanism of DNA damage induced alpha particles hits and formation of transformation in the lung cells. To achieve our goal, we follow the metabolism rate of infected cell induced alpha particles traversals in sugarscape environment to reach oncogenic transformation. For the first time, a cellular automata model is used to calculate transformation frequency in lung bronchial airways induced Radon and to predict lung cancer risk. The results are validated by a comparison epidemiological data, dosimetric and biological models. It has been shown that the cellular automata using sugarscape model could be a suitable method for cancer risk prediction. <#LINE#> @ @ NRC, National Research Council, Health Effects of Exposure to Radon: BEIR VI, Washington D.C., National Academy Press, (1999) @No $ @ @ ICRP 2010, The International Commission on Radiological Protection. Lung Cancer Risk from Radon and Progeny and Statement on Radon. ICRP 115, Elsevier Publisher (2010) @No $ @ @ UNSCEAR 2000, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation United Nations Scientific Committee of Ionizing Radiation United Nations, New York, Report to General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes, New York (2000) @No $ @ @ EPA 1992, Environmental Protection Agency, Technical support document for the 1992 citizen’s guide to Radon (1992) @No $ @ @ ICRP 1991, The International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60, Ann. ICRP 21 (1-3) (1991) @No $ @ @ Hofmann W., Tru-Popa L.A. and Fakir H., Mechanistic Model of Radon-Induced Lung Cancer Risk at Low Exposure. Proceedings of the IRPA Conference, Paris; Available at: http://www.colloquium.fr/06IRPA/CDROM/docs/P-017.pdf (2006) @No $ @ @ Truta Popa L., Models for the assessment of lung cancer risk, PhD thesis, Babes – Bolyai University, 146 pp (2010) @No $ @ @ Truta-Popa L.A., Hofmann W. and Cosma C., Prediction of Lung Cancer Risk for Radon Exposure Based on Cellular Alpha Particle Hits, Radiat. Prot. Dosim., 1–6, (2011) @No $ @ @ Fleishman L., Crawford-Brown D. and Hofmann W., A computational model for radiation-induced cellular transformation to in vitro irradiation of cells by acute doses of X-rays, Math. Biosci.,215, 186–192 (2008) @No $ @ @ Wolfram S., A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media publisher (2002) @No $ @ @ Bar-Yam Y., Dynamics of complex systems. New England Complex Systems Institute (1997) @No $ @ @ Rahman A., Setayeshi S. and Shamsaei M., Wealth adjustment using a synergy between communication, cooperation, and one-fifth of wealth variables in an artificial society, AI & Soc., 24:151–164 (2009) @No $ @ @ Nourafza N., Setayeshi S. and Khadem-Zadeh, A., Design a cellular sugarscape environment to increase the learning speed in a stochastic multi-agent network, Inter. J. Info. Commun. Tech.,3(4), 65-72 (2011) @No $ @ @ Nourafza N., Setayeshi S. and Khadem-Zadeh A., A novel approach to accelerate the convergence speed of a stochastic multi-agent system using recurrent neural nets, Neural, Comput & Appl.,21(8), 2015-2021 (2012) @No $ @ @ Epstein J.M. and Axtell R., Growing artificial societies: social science from the bottom up. Brookings Institution Press, Washington DC, (1996) @No $ @ @ Buzzing P.C., VUSCAPE: communication and cooperation in evolving artificial societies, Master’s Thesis, Artificial Intelligence Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije University, Amsterdam (2003) @No $ @ @ Bhatt A. N., Mathur R., Farooque A., Verma A. and Dwarakanath B. S., Cancer biomarkers - Current perspectives, Indian. J. Med. Res.,132, 129-149 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hofmann W., Fakir H., Aubineau-Laniece I. and Pihet P., Interaction of Alpha Particles at the Cellular Level- Implication for the Radiation Weighting Factor, Radiat. Prot. Dosim.,112, 493–500 (2004) @No $ @ @ Miller R.C., Marino S.A., Brenner D.J., Martin S.G., Richards M., Randers-Pehrson G. and Hall E.J., The biological Effectiveness of Radon – Progeny Alpha Particles. II. Oncogenic Transformation as a function of Linear Energy Transfer, Radiat. Res.,142, 54-60 (1995) @No $ @ @ Bettega D., Calzolari P., NorisnChiorda G. and Tallone- Lombardi L., Transformation of C3H 10T1/2 Cells with 4.3 MeV alpha particles at Low Doses: Effect of Single and Fractionated Doses, Radiat. Res.,131, 66-7 (1992) @No $ @ @ Hornung R. and Meinhardt T., Quantitative risk assessment of lung cancer in U.S. uranium miners, Health Phys.,52, 417-430 (1987) @No $ @ @ Hofmann W., Crawford-Brown D. J., Fakir H. and Monchaux G. Modeling lung cancer incidence in rats following exposure to Radon progeny, Radiat. Prot. Dosim.,122, 345–348 (2006) @No <#LINE#>Evaluation of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase as a Biomarker of Healing Process Progression of Simple Diaphyseal Fractures in Adult Patients<#LINE#>Ajai@Singh,Ali@Sabir,A.A.@Mahdi,R.N.@Srivastava<#LINE#>40-43<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-217.pdf<#LINE#>1Department of Orthopaedics, King George's Medical University, Lucknow-226003, UP, INDIA @ Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow-226003, UP, INDIA<#LINE#>21/11/2012<#LINE#>26/11/2012<#LINE#> In day to day practice, progression of bone healing is assessed mainly by clinico-radiological parameters. Furthermore, clinicians are unable to identify the delayed and nonunions early, and even advanced imaging techniques may not be helpful in these cases; hereby increasing the suffering period of the patients. Serum biomarkers, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) suggestive of bone formation, may be clinically useful in evaluating the progress of fracture healing. Changes in serum ALP levels were noted at definitive intervals in 95 adult patients (enrolled as per inclusion/exclusion criterion) with simple traumatic diaphyseal fractures of both bones of leg. Regular follow up of these patients was done till either bone union was completed or maximum up to the end of 09 month. The changes in serum ALP levels were recorded and correlated with the clinico-radiological progression of fracture healing in these patients.Depending on the clinico-radiological parameters of progression of fracture healing, all 95 patients were allocated into 02 groups by the end of active follow up; Group A (n = 69): clinico-radiological union achieved before or by the end of 06 months; and Group B (n = 26): clinico-radiological union not completed by the end of 06 months. The Group B was further subdivided into B1 (n= 18): clinico-radiological healing not completed by 06 months but completed by the end of 09 months; and B2 (n= 08): clinico-radiological healing not achieved even by the end of 09 months - Non-union. At the time of admission, mean serum ALP levels remained within normal limits in all included patients. Mean serum ALP levels followed the same pattern in group A and B, reaching a maximum level at post trauma 3rd week. But the mean levels of serum ALPat every selected interval was significantly higher in group A than group B. In Group A, serum ALP levels returned to normal values by complete union achieved (mean healing occurred at 19.2 weeks), where as in group B values remained elevated even by the end of 06 months (mean time of union 28.5 weeks). In Group B2, mean serum ALP level remained within normal limits throughout the followup. So, the determination of serum ALP levels during fracture healing could be an additional tool in predicting fractures at risk of delayed / nonunion of simple diaphyseal fractures, aiding the clinician to prefer the early appropriate intervention at appropriate period. <#LINE#> @ @ Davis B.J., Robert P.J., Moocroft C.I., Brown M.F., Thomas P.B.M. and Wade R.H., Reliability of radiographs in defining union of internally fixed fractures, Injury, 35(6), 557-561 (2005) @No $ @ @ Meller Y., Kestenbaum R.S. and Mozes M., Mineral and endocrine metabolism during fracture healing in dogs, Clin Orthop,187, 289-295 (1984) @No $ @ @ Wade R. and Richardson J., Outcome in fracture healing – a review, Injury, 32(2), 109-114 (2001) @No $ @ @ Hammer R., Hammerby S. and Lindholm B., Accuracy of radiological assessment of tibial shaft fractures in humans, Clin Orth Res.,19(9), 233-238 (1985) @No $ @ @ Mc Closkey E.V., Spector T.D., Eyres K.S., Fern E.D., O’Rourke N., Vasikaran S. and Kanis J.A., The assessment of vertebral deformity: a method for use in population studies and clinical trials, Osteoporosis International,3(3), 138-147 (1993) @No $ @ @ Marsh D., Concepts of fracture union, delayed union and nonunion, Clin Orthop., 35(5), 22-30 (1998) @No $ @ @ McKibbin B., The biology of fracture healing in long bones, J Bone Joint Surg Am.,60B,150-162 (1978) @No $ @ @ Leung K.S., Fung K.P., Sher A.H.L., Plasma bone specific alkaline phosphatase as an indicator of osteoblastic activity, J Bone Joint Surg Am., 75B, 288-292 (1993) @No $ @ @ Emami A., Larsson A. and Petren Mallmin M., Serum bone markers after intramedullary fixed tibial fractures, Clin Orthop,368, 220-229 (1999) @No $ @ @ Nyman M.T., Pavolainen P. and Forsius S., Clinical evaluation of fracture healing by serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase, Ann Chir Gynaecol., 80, 289-293 (1991) @No $ @ @ Komnenou A., Karayannopoulou M., Polizopoulou Z.S., Constantinidis T.C. and Dessiris A., Correlation of serum alkaline phosphatase activity with healing process of long bone fractures in dogs, Vet Clin Patho;34(1), 35-38 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hosking D.J., Changes in serum alkaline phosphatase after femoral fractures, J. Bone Joint Surg Am; 60B, 61-65 (1978) @No $ @ @ Whelan D.B., Bhandari M., Stephen D., Kreder H., Mc Kee M.D., Zdero R. and Schemitsch E.H., Development of the radiographic union score for tibial fractures for the assessment of tibial fracture healing after the medullary fixation, J Trauma,68(3), 629-632 (2010) @No $ @ @ Volpin G., Rees J.A. and Ali S.Y., Distribution of alkaline phosphatase activity in experimentally produced callus in rats, J Bone Joint Surg Am.,68B, 629-634 (1998) @No $ @ @ Seropoulos N.K. and Anagnostopoulos D., Ectopic bone formation in a child with a head injury: complete regression after immobilization, Int Orthop, 21, 412-414 (1997) @No $ @ @ Hooper G.J., Keddell R.G. and Penny I.D., Conservative management or closed nailing for tibial shaft fractures, A randomised prospective trial, J Bone Joint Surg, 73B, 83-85 (1991) @No $ @ @ Taylor J.C., Delayed union and non-union of fractures, In: Crenshaw AH, ed. Campbell's operative orthopaedics, 8th ed, 2., St. Louis: CV Mosby, 1287 (1992) @No $ @ @ Noordeen MH, Lavy CB, Shergill NS, et al. Cyclical micromovement and fracture healing. J Bone Joint Surg Br 77:645-648 (1995) @No $ @ @ Stannard J.P., Wilson T.C., Volgas D.A. and Alonso J.E., Fracture stabilization of proximal tibial fractures with the proximal tibial LISS, Injury, 34(1), 36-42 (2003) @No $ @ @ Nilsson B.E., Westlin N.E., The plasma concentration of alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus and calcium following femoral neck fracture, Acta Orthop Scand; 43, 504-510 (1972) @No <#LINE#>Nesting Pattern Preferences of Stingless Bee, Trigona iridipennis Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Jnanabharathi Campus, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>P.@NayakPavithra,ShankarM.@Reddy,Jayaprakash<#LINE#>44-50<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-218.pdf<#LINE#>Centre for Applied Genetics, Jnanabharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, INDIA @ Department of Zoology, Jnanabharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore - 560 056, Karnataka, INDIA <#LINE#>21/11/2012<#LINE#>26/11/2012<#LINE#> The patterning aspects of nests are receiving increased attention in nature, so we have studied it in human-dwelling environments involving repeated spatio-temporal mold of pattern. Different criteria such as nesting sites, orientations, nest characters, longevity and elevation of nests have been selected to check the level of preferences exhibited by an indigenous resident species of stingless bee, Trigona iridipennis Smith at the Jnanabharathi campus in the southern part of Bangalore (Karnataka). Nesting patterns gave a precise measurement of preference level exhibited by testing different paradigms. The deciduous, shrub type of vegetation helped for successful dominance in higher number of nests to thrive well, which in turn helped to look at the varying patterns of nests. Observations on different nests revealed: i. preference for the habitats made of walls, ii. north facing direction for nest opening, iii. different type of nests with oval-shaped opening and medium-sized exposure outside, iv. nests with more accumulation of mud, resin and wax deposits and v. bees preferring middle elevation range of 11-15 feet for nest-building purely depending on the safer strategies such as availability of flora, protection from predators for better and safe survival at the nesting sites. <#LINE#> @ @ Leonhardt S.D., Kworschak K., Eltz T. and Bluthgen N., Foraging loads of stingless bees and utilization of stored nectar for pollen harvesting, Apidologie, 38, 125-137 (2007) @No $ @ @ Wille A., Biology of the stingless bees. Ann. Rev.Entomol.,28, 41-64 (1983) @No $ @ @ Michener C.D., The social behavior of bees: A comparative study. Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University press, 404(1974) @No $ @ @ Sakagami S.F., Stingless bees, in: Herman H.H. (Ed.), Social insects, Academic Press, New York, , 361-423 (1982) @No $ @ @ Michener C.D., The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 14 (1), 913 (2000) @No $ @ @ Lindauer M., Über die Verständigung bei indischen Bienen. Z. F. vergl. Physiol., 38, 521–557 (1956) @No $ @ @ Tschinkel W.R., The nest architecture of the Florida harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex badius. J. Insect Sci., , 19 (2004) @No $ @ @ Franks N.R., Wilby A., Silverman, B. W. and Tofts, C., Self-organizing nest construction in ants: sophisticated building by blind bulldozing, Animal Behaviour, 44, 357-375 (1992) @No $ @ @ Sheetal V.K. and Basavarajappa S., Spatial distribution of stingless bee, Trigona iridipennis Smith in Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka. Hexapoda, 16(2), 136-140 (2009) @No $ @ @ Jaenike J.J. and Holt R.D., Genetic variation for habitat preference: Evidence and explanations, American Naturalist, 137, S67-S90 (1991) @No $ @ @ Hansel M., Animal architecture and building behavior. Longman, London, (1984) @No $ @ @ Dawkins R., The Extended Phenotype: The long reach of the gene. Oxford University Press, (1999) @No $ @ @ Werner E.E., Gilliam J.F., Hall D.J. and Mittelbach G.G., An experimental test of the effects of predation risk on habitat use in fish, Ecology, 64, 1540-1548 (1983) @No $ @ @ Lima S.L. and Dill L.M., Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: A review and prospectus, Can. J. Zool., 68, 619-640 (1990) @No $ @ @ Martin, T.E., Abiotic vs. biotic influences on habitat selection of coexisting species: climate change impacts? Ecology, 82, 175-188 (2001) @No $ @ @ Mccomb, W.C. and Noble R.E., Invertebrate use of natural tree cavities and vertebrate nest boxes. Am. Midl. Nat., 107, 163-172 (1982) @No $ @ @ Roubik D.W., Ecology and natural history of tropical bees. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 514 (1989) @No $ @ @ Gibbons P. and Lindenmayer D.B., Issues associated with the retention of hollow-bearing trees within eucalypt forests managed for wood production, For. Ecol. Manage., 83, 245-279 (1996) @No $ @ @ Martin T.E., Are microhabitat preferences of coexisting species under selection and adaptive? Ecology79(2), 656-670 (1998) @No $ @ @ Roubik D.W., Stingless bee nesting biology, Apidologie,37, 124-143 (2006) @No $ @ @ Oster G.F. and Wilson E.O., Caste and Ecology in the Social Insects. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, (1978) @No $ @ @ Gordon D.M., The organization of work in social insect societies. Nature, 380, 121-124 (1996) @No $ @ @ Boi S., Cousin I., Del-Buono N., Franks N.R. and Britton N., Coupled oscillators and activity waves in ant colonies. Proc. Royal Soc. London, Series B., 1417, 371-378 (1999) @No $ @ @ Brown M.J.F. and Gordon D.M., How resources and encounters affect the distribution of foraging activity in a seed-harvesting ant, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 47, 195-203 (2000) @No $ @ @ Horvath O., Contributions to nesting ecology of forest birds. Master of Forestry Thesis. Univ. Brit. Columbia, (1963) @No $ @ @ Batra S.W.T., Bees of India (Apoidea) their behaviour, management and a key to the genera. Oriental Insects. 11, 289-324 (1977) @No $ @ @ Franks N.R. and Deneubourg J.L., Self-organizing nest construction in ants: Individual worker behaviour and the nest’s dynamics. Animal Behaviour. 54, 779-796 (1997) @No $ @ @ Buchwald R., Alan R.G. and Michael D.B., A Biomechanical Perspective on Bees wax. American Entomologist, 51(1), (2005) @No $ @ @ Wittmann, D., Nest architecture, nest site preferences and distribution of Plebeia wittmanni (Moure and Camargo, 1989) @No $ @ @ in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Apidae: Meliponinae), Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ,24 (1), 17-23 (1989) @No $ @ @ Camargo J.M.F., Notas sobre habitos de nidificação de Scaura Scaura) latitarsis (Friese) (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae), Bol. Mus. Paraense E. Goeldi, , 89-95 (1984) @No $ @ @ Nogueira N.P., Vida e criaçao de abelhas indigenas sem ferrao, Editora Nogueirapis, Sao Paulo, (1997) @No $ @ @ Walsberg G.E., Nest-site selection and the radiative environment of the Warbling Vireo. Condor 83, 86-88 (1981) @No $ @ @ Marhold S., Wiltschko W. and Burda H., A magnetic polarity compass for direction finding in a subterranean mammal, Naturwissen-schaften, 84, 421-423 (1997) (doi:10.1007/ s001140050422) @No $ @ @ Solomon Raju A.J., Nesting behaviour and foraging ecology of the dammar bee, Trigona Iridipennis Smith (Apidae: Meliponinae). Deutsch Nationalbibliothek, German, 12 (2009) @No $ @ @ Janzen D.H., Sweep samples of tropical foliage insects: Effects of seasons, vegetation types, elevation, time of day, and insularity, Ecology, 54, 687-708 (1973) @No $ @ @ Janzen D.H., Ataroff M., Farinas M., Reyes S., Rincon N., Soler A., Soriano P. and Vera M., Changes in the arthropod community along an elevational transect in the Vene-zuelan Andes. Biotropica, , 193-203 (1976) @No $ @ @ Lawton J.H., MacGarvin M. and Heads P.A., Effects of altitude on the abundance and species richness of insect herbivores on bracken, J. Anim. Ecol. 56, 147-160 (1987) @No <#LINE#>A lignolytic Fungi with Laccase Activity Isolated from Malaysian local Environment for Phytochemical Transformation Purposes<#LINE#>H.Y.@Alfarra,N.H.M.@Hasali,M.N.@Omar<#LINE#>51-54<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-226.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Biotechnology, Kulleyyah (Faculty) of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, MALAYSIA<#LINE#>7/12/2012<#LINE#>12/1/2013<#LINE#> The main aim of the current study is to isolate a fungi with laccase activities to be used for transformation of phytochemicals isolated from the same environment as an approach to produce novel pharmaceutical products. In our study, laccase producing fungi was isolated from samples taken from a tropical trees barks which grown in the International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan campus using different chromogenic substrates on the agar plates such as ABTS, Tannic Acid, Azure B and Guaiacol. It was found the isolated fungi has excellent ability to produce laccase. The conclusion of this study confirm here that using ABTS is very useful to isolate laccase producing fungus. The microscopic visualization showed the characteristics of white-rot fungi. Further molecular identification still ongoing to check the complete identity of our fungi. <#LINE#> @ @ Desai S.S., Tennali B.G., Channur N., Anup A.C., Deshpande G., Azhar Murtuza B.P., Isolation of laccase producing fungi and partial characterization of laccase, Biotechnol. Bioinf. Bioeng., 1,543-549 (2011) @No $ @ @ Heinzkill M., Bech L., Halkier T., Schneider, P., Anke T., Characterization of laccase and peroxidase fromwood-rotting fungi (family Coprinaceae), Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64, 1601-1606 (1998) @No $ @ @ Garzillo A.M.V., Colao M.C., Caruso C., Caporale C., Celletti D., Buonocore V., Laccase fromthe white-rot fungus Trametes trogii. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 49, 545-551 (1998) @No $ @ @ priyadarsinin I.R., Bhuraneswari V., Kumar S.K., ISOLATION, Identification and phylogenetic analysisa of white rot fungus and heterologus expression of gene encoding laccase, Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation, 6, 69-83 (2011) @No $ @ @ Givaudan A., Effosse A., Faure D., Potier P., Bouillant M.L., Bally R., Polyphenol oxidase in Azospirillum lipoferum isolated from rice rhizosphere: evidence for a laccase in non-motile strains of Azospirillum lipoferum, FEMS Microbiol Lett., 108, 205–210 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kiiskinen L.L., Ratto M., Kruus K. J., Screening for novel laccase-producing microbes, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 97, 640-646 (2004) @No $ @ @ Poojary H. and Mugeraya G., Laccase Production by Phellinus noxius hpF17: Optimization of Submerged Culture Conditions by Response Surface Methodology, Research in Biotechnology, 3,09-20 (2012) @No $ @ @ Dashtban M., Schraft H., Syed T.A., Qin W., Fungal biodegradation and enzymatic modification of lignin, Int. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 1, 36–50 (2010) @No $ @ @ Caparros-Ruiz D., Fornale S., Civardi L., Puigdomenech P., Rigau J., Isolation and characterization of a family of laccases in maize, Plant Sci., 171, 217-225 (2006) @No $ @ @ Maciel M.J.M., Silva A.C., Ribeiro H.C.T., Industrial and biotechnological applications of lignolytic enzymes of the basidiomycota: a review, Electron. J. Biotechnol., 13, 1-12 (2010) @No $ @ @ Pointing S. B., Qualitative methods for the determination of lignolcellulotytic enzyme production by tropical fungi, Fungal Diversity,2, 17-33 (1999) @No $ @ @ Kumar V.V., Kirupha D.S., Periyaraman P., Sivanesan S., Screening and induction of laccase activity in fungal species and its application in dye decolorization, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5, 1261-1267 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sivakumar R., Rajendran R., Balakumar C., Tamilvenan M., Isolation, screening and optimization of production medium for thermostable laccase production from Ganoderma sp., International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2,7133-7141 (2010) @No $ @ @ Viswanath B., Chandara S. M., Pallavi H., Reddy R. B., Screening and assessment of laccase producing fungi isolated from different environmental samples, African Journal of Biotechnology, 7, 1129-1133 (2008) @No $ @ @ Machado K.M.G., Matheus D.R., Bononi V.L.R., Ligninolytic enzymes production and Remazol Brilliant Blue R decolorization by tropicalBrazilian basidiomycetes fungi. Brazilian J. Microbiol., 36, 246-252 (2005) @No <#LINE#>The effect of Dimethylglycine (DMG) administration on Biochemical Blood Parameters in Youth elite Basketball Players<#LINE#>RezaSeyed@Attarzadeh,Sadegh@Abbasian,Amin@Azimkhani,Vahid@Onvani,Mohsen@Joghataie<#LINE#>55-59<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-227.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, IRAN @ Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, IRAN @ Imamreza university of Mashhad, Mashhad, IRAN @ Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Azad University of Mashhad, IRAN <#LINE#>9/12/2012<#LINE#>30/12/2012<#LINE#> The purpose of the study was to comparison the effect of sodium bicarbonate and dimethylglycine on biochemical blood parameters and anaerobic function in youth elite basketball players. Fifteen youth elite basketball players with 15 – 17 years old and 72.02 ±2.56 Kg divided into three groups: placebo group, sodium bicarbonate group and dimethylglycine group. During the study amount of 500 (m.l) solutions that content 300(m.g) sodium bicarbonate per/kg of body weight was given to the sodium bicarbonate group. In addition, the dimethylglycine group received a 400(m.g) dimethylglycine per/kg of body weight and third group received a 500(m.l) placebo solution. Blood samples was collection before and after of supplement administration and especially after of performance the Wingate test (30 second). Process of data gathering was analyzed by SPSS software. Results of the study shown that after administration of sodium bicarbonate and dimethylglycine supplements, blood lactate was increase but it finding statistically not significant (P�0/05). Nevertheless, after administration of sodium bicarbonate amount of extracellular bicarbonate buffers statistically was significant increase (P0/05) and amount of pH was increase but it finding statistically not significant (P&#x-1.0;ȃ0/05). In addition, none of biochemical and functional indexes for Dimethylglycine group statistically was significant. Collectively, ingestion of sodium bicarbonate in youth athletes significantly can increase blood-buffering capacity during high intensity interval exercises. Simultaneously, ingestion of sodium bicarbonate maybe due to increase in buffering capacity improves anaerobic capacity. In addition, administration of dimethylglycine supplement not improves anaerobic function in high intensity interval exercises. <#LINE#> @ @ Bolton S. and Null G., Vitamin B15 A Review and Update. Orthomolecular psych, 11(4), 260-266 (1982) @No $ @ @ Nobile P., New York Magazine, March (1978) @No $ @ @ Krebs E.J. and et al., Int. Red. Med, 163, 18 (1951) @No $ @ @ Beard H.H. and WOFFARD G., Exp. Med. Surg, 14, 169 (1956) @No $ @ @ Aspit S.O., DMG Backgrounder, Savvy News, May (1980) @No $ @ @ Anismov V.E And Sauchov N.G., Experience In Pangamic Acid Diseases. Vitamin B15 (Pangamic Acid), Properties, Functions and Use, Science Publishing House, Moscow, U.S.S.R., The Mcnaughton Foundation, 125 (1965) @No $ @ @ Alpatov I.M., G. Aidanakin, N.A. and Udalov Y.F., The Effect Of Pangamic Acid In Experimental Poisoning With Dichloroethane, Vitamin B15 (Pangamic Acid), Properties, Functions And Use, Science Publishing House, Moscow, U.S.S.R., The Mcnaughton Foundation, 62-63 (1965) @No $ @ @ Udalov Y.F. and Skibnew A.K., Byul Esksperium Biol. Med, 10, 82 (1961) @No $ @ @ Udalov Y.F., Vitamin B15 (Pangamic Acid), Properties, Functions and Use, Science Publishing House, Moscow, U.S.S.R., The McNaughton Foundation, (1965) @No $ @ @ Zajac A., Cholewa J., Poprzecki S., Wakiewicz Z. and Langfort J., Effects of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on swim performance in youth athletes, J Sport Sci and Med, 8, 45-50 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bello Y., Regioselective Synthesis of -Butenoildes Mediated by Silvertrifluroacetate with -Halo Acetals, Res. J. Recent Sci., (1), 85-88 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mathew T. and Agrawal S., Design and development of fast Melting Tablets of Terbutaline Sulphate, Res.J.Chem. Sci., 1(1), 105-110 (2012) @No $ @ @ Abbasian S., Attarzadeh S.R., Darzabi T. and Momeni M., The Exhaustive Resistance Exercises with various Resistances increases the Local Strength of Youth Muscles, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(4), 53-56 (2012) @No $ @ @ Abbasian S., Golzar S., Onvani V. and Sargazi L., The predict of RAST Test from WANT test in Elite AthletesRes.J.Recent Sci.,1(3), 72-75 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mewada Shivlal and Singh Umesh Kumar, Performance Analysis of Secure Wireless Mesh Networks Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(3), 80-85 (2012) @No $ @ @ Rose R.J., Schlierf H.A., Knight P.K., Plummer C., Davis M. and Ray S.P., Effects of N,N-dimethylglycine on cardiorespiratory function and lactate production in thoroughbred horses performing incremental treadmill exercise, Veterinary Record, 125, 268-271 (1989) @No $ @ @ Robert N. Girandola, Robert A. Wiswell and Ronald Bulbulian., Effects of Pangamic acid (B-15) ingestion on metabolic response to exercise. Biochemical Med., 24(2), 218–222 (1980) @No $ @ @ G. Lynis Dohm, S. Debnath and Wilhelm R. Frisell., Effects of commercial preparations of pangamic acid (B15) on exercised rats. Biochemical Med., 28(1), 77–82 (1982) @No $ @ @ Brown H., Reimnitz L.M. and Koch A.J., No Effect of Dimethlyglycine on Maximal Aerobic Power, J Stre & Cond Res., 25, 1 (2011) @No <#LINE#>Bacterial Diversity in Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum) Rhizosphere of Saline Soil<#LINE#>NakadeDhanraj@B.<#LINE#>60-64<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-229.pdf<#LINE#>Govt. of Maharashtra Rajaram College, Kolhapur-416004, Maharashtra, INDIA <#LINE#>13/12/2012<#LINE#>21/12/2012<#LINE#> A bacterium including PGPR plays a very important role in plant growth promotion and increase yield of crops. Most of the bacteria produce phytohormones, fixes atmospheric nitrogen, solublizes the phosphates and resist phytopathogens by production of siderophores. An understanding of microbial diversity perspectives in agricultural contest, is important and useful to know soil quality and also helpful for taking measures for soil management and increased plant productivity. It is also important to understand the relationship of soil and plants with the diversity of associated bacteria for their better exploitation. Therefore, it is important to know the microflora and their diversity. Most of the rhizospheric bacterial diversity from normal soil have been studied and organisms explored for their use as bioinoculents. However, saline soil rhizospheric microfloras remain unexplored. By considering this, in the present study fourty three bacterial isolates including PGPR have been isolated from saline soil of Kolhapur district of southern Maharashtra, India. Isolates were identified up to genus and species level. Few isolates were studied their nitrogen fixing and phosphate solublizing activity. Present study showed that amongst nitrogen fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum found to be most dominant and Bacillus subtilis was found to be most dominant phosphate solublizer. Study indicated the importance of these organism as bioinoculents for saline soil and can be explored for biofertilizer production. <#LINE#> @ @ Argano M.I.K. International Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi, India, 261-284 (2005) @No $ @ @ Vessey J.K., Plant and soil., 255, 571-586 (2003) @No $ @ @ Bhardwas V. and Garg N., Importance of exploration of Microbial Biodiversity, ISCA J.Biological Sci., 1(3), 78-83 (2012) @No $ @ @ Dhoran V.S. and Gudadhe S.P., Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Germination and Seedling Vigour in Asparagus sprengeri Regelin, ISCA J.Biological Sci., 1(7), 6-10 (2012) @No $ @ @ Curl E.A. and Truelove B., The Rhizosphere, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 288 (1986) @No $ @ @ Chauhan R.R., Chaudhary R., Singh A. and Singh P.K.,Salt Tolerance of Sorghum bicolor Cultivars during Germination and Seedling Growth, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(3), 1-10 (2012) @No $ @ @ Pascal C. Agbangnan D., Christine T., Justine D., Anna Chrostowska, Eric F and Dominique C.K. Sohounhloue,Optimization of the Extraction of Sorghum's Polyphenols for Industrial Production by Membrane Processes, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(4), 1-8 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mostafa M.R. and Maybelle S.G.,Improving Barley Yield Grown Under Water Stress Conditions, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(6), 1-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Richards L.A., Diagnosis and improvement of saline alkali soil, U.S.D.A. Handbook No. 60, Washington, 69-82,(1954) @No $ @ @ Williams S.T., Sharpe M.E. and T.J. Holt, Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, Vol.I, II, III, IV, The Williams and Wilkins co. Baltimore (1989) @No $ @ @ Portyrata D.A. and Krichevosky M.I., MICRO-IS, a microbiological database management and analysis system, Binary, (4), 31-36 (1992) @No $ @ @ Dobereiner J., Soil boil Biochem, (29), 771-774 (1997) @No $ @ @ RR Hardy; WF Burns; RD Holston, Soil.Biol.Biochem, (2), 47-81 (1975) @No $ @ @ Schwyne B., Neialnds J.B., Annual.Biochem, (160), 40-47(1987) @No $ @ @ Gaur R., Shani N., Kawaljeet-Johri B.N., Rossi P. and Aragno M., Curr.Sci., (86), 453-457 (2004) @No $ @ @ Koide R.T., Nutrient supply, nutrient demand and plant response to Mycorrhizal infection, New phytol, (117), 365-386 (1991) @No $ @ @ Wu S.C., Cao Z.H., Li Z.G., Cheung K.C. and Wong M.H., Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solublizers and AM fungi on maize growth: a green house trial, Goderma, (125), 155-166 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rodriguez H. and Fraga R., Phosphate solublizing bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion., Biotechnol Adv, (17), 319-339 (1999) @No $ @ @ Reis F.B., Reis V.M., Urquiaga S., Dobereiner J., Influence of nitrogen fertilization on the population of diazotrophic bacteria Herbaspirillum spp. And Acetobacter diazotrophicus in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), Plant and soil, (219), 153-159 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kennedy I.R., Islam N., The current and potential contribution of symbiotic nitrogen requirements on farms, Australian journal of experimental agriculture, (41), 447-457 (2001) @No $ @ @ Tripathi A.K., Mishra B.M. and Tripathi P., Salinity stress responses in plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, J.Biosci., (23), 463-471 (1998) @No $ @ @ Suryavanshi P., Babu S., Baghel J.K. and Suryavanshi G., Impact of climate change on agriculture and their mitigation strategies for food security in agriculture, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(3), 72-77 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mariraj M.S., Comparative study of rice straw and ragi straw for the inhibition of algal bloom in fresh water, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(6), 72-77 (2012) @No $ @ @ Dhoran V.S., Gudadhe S.P., Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Germination and SeedlingVigourinAsparagus sprengeri Regelin, I. Res. J. Biological Sci, 1(7), 6-10 (2012) @No <#LINE#>Bioautography guided Screening of Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Microbispora V2<#LINE#>N.N.@Patil,M.S.@Waghmode,P.S.@Gaikwad,M.H.@Gajbhai<#LINE#>65-38 and Bankar A.V.<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-230.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, PDEA’s Annasaheb Magar Mahavidyalaya, Hadapsar, Pune- 411028, MS, INDIA @ Department of Microbiology, University of Pune, Ganashkhind, Pune-411007, MS, INDIA <#LINE#>14/12/2012<#LINE#>26/12/2012<#LINE#> The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of MicrobisporaV2. The genusMicrobispora is known to produce antimicrobial compounds like phenazines and others. The isolate Microbispora V2 can be exploited to mine out its capabilities of producing antimicrobial compounds utilizing cost effective production media. The screening is defined as the first step, which is applied to a sample, in order to establish the presence or absence of antimicrobial compounds. Bioautography belongs to microbiological screening methods commonly used for the detection of antimicrobial activity of a compound under study. Bioautography is a technique that combines thin Layer chromatography with bioassay in situ. It is one of the simplest and cheapest methods for detecting antimicrobial compounds in partially purified extracts because the method is easy to run, reproducible and requires less equipments. The fermentation process can be made cost effective by utilizing renewable energy sources like oil cake as sources of macronutrients of fermentation media. Therefore various oil cakes were chosen as nutrient source of fermentation media. Hence bioautography was used as a tool to screen out the production of antimicrobial compounds by Microbispora V2 employing oil cake fermentation media. <#LINE#> @ @ Gerber N.N. and Lechevalier M.P. Phenazines & phenoxazinones from Waksmania aerata sp.nov. and Pseudomonas sp., Biochemistry, 3(4), 598–602 (1964) @No $ @ @ Gerber N.N. and Lechevalier M.P., 1, 6-Phenazinediol-5-oxide from Microorganisms, Biochemistry, 4(1), 176–180 (1965) @No $ @ @ Tanabe I., Kuriyama M. and Nonomura H., Production of C2 – symmetrical phenazines by some actinomycetes, Journal of fermentation and bioengineering, l79(4), 384-386 (1995) @No $ @ @ Cooper R., Horan A.C., Gunnarsson I., Patel M. and Truumees I., Nebularine from a novel Microbispora sp., Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology., 19(4), 275-276 (1986) @No $ @ @ Igarashi Y., Takagi K., Kajiura T., Furumai T. and Oki T. Glucosyl questiomycin, a novel antibiotic from Microbispora sp. TP-A0184: fermentation, isolation, structure determination, synthesis and biological activities, J Antibiot (Tokyo), 51(10), 915-920 (1998) @No $ @ @ Patel M.G., Horan A.C., Marquez J.A. and Waitz J.A. Antifungal triacetylene dioxolone from Microbispora sp SCC1438 ATCC 53620, U.S. Patent 4, 956, 383 (1990) @No $ @ @ Ivanova V., Graefe U., Schlegel R., Schlegel B., Gusterova A., Kolarova M. and Aleksieva K., Isolation and structure elucidation of tyramine and indole alkaloids from antarctic strain Microbispora aerata imbas- 11A, Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipments, 17(2), 128-133 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ivanova V., Kolarova M., Aleksieva K., Gräfe U., Dahse H.M. and Laatsch H., Microbiaeratin, a new natural indole alkaloid from a Microbispora aerata strain, isolated from Livingston Island, Antarctica. Prep Biochem Biotechnol,37(2), 161-168 (2007) @No $ @ @ Okujo N., Iinuma H., George A., Eim K.S., Li T.L., Ting N.S., Jye T.C., Hotta K., Hatsu M., Fukagawa Y., Shibahara S., Numata K. and Kondo S. Bispolides, novel 20-membered ring macrodiolide antibiotics from Microbispora. J. Antibiot., 60(3)216–219 (2007) @No $ @ @ Foulston L.C. and Bibb M.J., Microbisporicin gene cluster reveals unusual features of lantibiotic biosynthesis in actinomycetes, Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(30), 13461–13466 (2010) @No $ @ @ Burkhead K.D., Schisler D.A. and Slininger P.T., Bioautography shows antibiotic production by soil bacterial isolates antagonistic to fungal dry rot of potatoes, Soil Biology and Biochemistry,27(12)1611- 1616 (1995) @No $ @ @ Thomshow L.S., Bonsall R.F. and Weller D., Detection ofAntibiotics Produced by Soil and Rhizosphere Microbes In Situ. Book- Secondary Metabolites in Soil Ecology Book Series -Soil Biology, ISSN-1613- 3382 Volume 14 Publisher- Springer Berlin Heidelberg (2008) @No $ @ @ Choma I.M. and Grzelak E.M., Review- Bioautography detection in thin-layer chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A., 1218, 2684–2691 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hostettmann K., Strategy for the Biological and Chemical Evaluation of Plant Extracts, www.iupac.org/symposia/proceedings/phuket97 (1999) @No $ @ @ Goodall R.R. and Levi A.A., A microchromatographic method for the detection and approximate determination of the different penicillins in a mixture, Nature, 158, 675-676 (1946) @No $ @ @ Betina V., Bioautography in paper and thin-layer chromatography and its scope in the antibiotic field, J. Chromatography, 78, 41-51 (1973) @No $ @ @ Cos P., Vlietinck A.J., Berghe D.V. and Maes L., Anti-infective potential of natural products: How to develop a stronger in vitro ‘proof-of-concept’, J. 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Amblypharyngodon mola is a popular food fish as well as at present a good ornamental fish in India; but except the work of Ravi Shankar and Sarala (1986) no such detail work has been performed till date on reproductive biology of this fish species in the context of agro-climatic condition of India. So, the present work has been conducted to study some aspects of reproductive biology of Amblypharyngodon mola. Sex-ratio, length at first sexual maturity, cycle of gonadal maturation and spawning periodicity has been studied as part of this study. Monthly variation in sex ratio has been studied after counting the total number of two sexes in the monthly collected samples. Length at first sexual maturity has been determined following the length class in which at least 50% of the fish specimens have been observed to be matured. Cycle of gonadal maturation has been studied by macroscopic and microscopic observation of the different maturation stages of gonad. Spawning periodicity has been determined studying the monthly Gonado-Somatic-Index, Condition Factor and mean monthly ova-diameter. Frequency distribution of different size groups of intra ovarian oocytes has been studied on monthly basis to get the information on the type of oocyte development. The results of the study have revealed female dominance over male in the population but males have shown earlier maturation than females. The breeding season for this fish species has been observed to extend from April to December with two spawning months in June and November respectively. Fractional spawning behaviour along with asynchronous oocytes development has also been observed. <#LINE#> @ @ Talwar P.K. and Jhingran A.G., Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Vol-1 and Vol-2. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, Bombay and Calcutta, 1-1063 (1991) @No $ @ @ Zafri A. and Ahmed K., Studies on the vitamin A content of fresh water fishes. Content and distribution of vitamin A in mola (A. mola) and dhela (Rohtee cotio), Bangladesh J. Biol. Sci., 10, 47-53 (1981) @No $ @ @ Saha B.K., Islam M.R., Saha A. and Hossain M.A., Reproductive Biology of the Mola Carplet Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Netrakona Water, Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res., 44(3), 377-379 (2009) @No $ @ @ Gupta S. and Banerjee S., Indigenous ornamental fish: a new boon in ornamental fish trade of West Bengal, Fish. Chimes, 32(1), 130-134 (2012) @No $ @ @ Doha S. and Hye M.A., Fecundity of Padma River hilsa, Hilsa ilisha (Hamilton), Pak. J. Sci., 22(3-4), 176-178 (1970) @No $ @ @ Jhingran A.G. and Verma D.N., Sexual maturity and spawning of Gudusia chapra (Ham.) in Ganga river system, Proc. Indian Natl. Sci. Acad., 42(2), 207-224 (1972) @No $ @ @ Stoumboudi M.T., Villwock W., Sela J. and Abraham M., Gonadosomatic index in Barbus longiceps, Capoeta damascina and their natural hybrid (Pisces, Cyprinidae), versus spermatozoan index in the parental males, J. Fish Biol., 43, 865-875 (1993) @No $ @ @ Chakraborty B.K., Mirza Z.A., Miah M.I., Habib M.A.B. and Chakraborty A., Reproductive cycle of the endangered sarpunti, Puntius sarana (Hamilton, 1822) @No $ @ @ in Bangladesh, Asian Fish. Sci., 20, 145-164 (2007) @No $ @ @ Reddy P.B., The fecundity of Channa punctata (Bloch, 1793) @No $ @ @ (Pisces, Teleostei, Channidae) from Guntur, India, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 88(2), 95-98 (1979) @No $ @ @ Vazzoler E.M.E.A., Reproductive biology of teleost fishes: theory and practice, Maringá, Eduem, 169 (1996) @No $ @ @ Dewan S. and Doha S., Spawning and fecundity of certain pond fishes, Bangladesh J. Agric., , 1-8 (1979) @No $ @ @ Parveen S., Studies on the culture methods and some aspects of culture biology of Amblypharyngodon mola,M.Sc. Thesis, Dhaka University. Bangladesh, 137 (1984) @No $ @ @ Afroze S. and Hossain M.A., The reproductive cycle of the fresh water fish Amblypharyngodon mola (Ham.), (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), Univ. J. Zool. Rajshahi Univ., , 17-21 (1990) @No $ @ @ Mustafa G., Composite culture and biology of some indigenous small fishes of Bangladesh, Ph.D. Thesis, Dhaka University, Bangladesh, 301 (1990) @No $ @ @ Azadi M.A. and Mamun A., Reproductive biology of the cyprinid, Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton) from the Kaptai Reservoir, Bangladesh, Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 7(10), 1727-1729 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ravi Shankar P. and Sarala W., Some aspects of reproductive biology of Amblypharyngodon mola(Hamilton), Geobios13(5), 204-207 (1986) @No $ @ @ Suresh V.R., Biswas B.K., Vinci G.K., Mitra K. and Mukherjee A., Biology and fishery of barred spiny eel, Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton, Acta Ichthyol. Piscat., 36(1), 31-37 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mitra K., Suresh V.R., Vinci G.K., Mazumdar N.N. and Biswas D.K., Biology and fishery of banded gourami, Colisa fasciata (Bloch and Schneider 1801) in a floodplain wetland of Ganga river basin, Asian Fish. Sci., 20, 409-423 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nikolsky G.V., The ecology of fishes. Academic Press. London., UK, 352 (1963) @No $ @ @ Htun-Han M., The reproductive biology of the dab Limanda limanda (L.) in the North Sea: gonosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and condition factor, J. Fish Biol., 13, 369-378 (1978) @No $ @ @ LeCren E.D., The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perca fluviatilis), J. Anim. Ecol., 20(2), 201-219 (1951) @No $ @ @ Babu N. and Nair B.N., Sex ratio in Amblypharyngodon chakaiensis,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. India, 53B(2), 129-132 (1983) @No $ @ @ Mondal D.K. and Kaviraj A., Feeding and reproductive biology of Indian shad Gudusia chapra in two floodplain lakes of India, Electr. J. Biol., 6(4), 98-102 (2010) @No $ @ @ Olurin K.B. and Savage O.D., Reproductive biology, length-weight relationship and condition factor of the African snake head, Parachanna obscura, from River Oshun, South-west Nigeria, Int. J. Fish. Aquacult., 3(8), 146-150 (2011) @No $ @ @ Parvin M.R., Al-Misned F.A. and Mortuza M.G., The fecundity and sex ratio of Labeo boga (Hamilton) (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) of Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Cont. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 5(3), 19-21 (2011) @No $ @ @ Banik S., Goswami P., Acharjee T. and Malla S., Ompok pabda (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) : an endangered catfish of Tripura, India: reproductive physiology related to freshwater lotic environment, J. Environ., 1(2), 45-55 (2012) @No $ @ @ Fagade S.O., Adebisi A.A. and Atanda A.N., The breeding cycle of Sarotherodon galilaeus in the I.I.T.A. Lake, Ibadan, Nigeria, Arch. Hydrobiol., 100(4), 493-500 (1984) @No $ @ @ Ursin E., On the seasonal variation of growth rate and growth parameters in Norway pout (Gadus esmarkii) in the Skagerrak, Medd. Dan. Fisk. Havunders., 4(12), 17-29 (1963) @No $ @ @ Cooper A., The reproductive biology of poor-cod, Trisopterus minutus L., whiting, Merlangius merlangus L., and Norway pout, Trisopterus esmarkii Nilsson, of the west coast of Scotland, J. Fish Biol., 22, 317-334 (1983) @No $ @ @ Chatzifotis S., Muje P., Pavlidis M., Agren J., Paalavuo M. and Molsa H., Evaluation of tissue composition and serum metabolites during gonadal development in the common dentex (Dentex dentex), Aquaculture,236, 557-573 (2004) @No $ @ @ Hernandez M.D., Egea M.A., Rueda F.M., Martinez F.J. and Garcia G.B., Seasonal condition and body composition changes in sharp snout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo) raised in captivity, Aquaculture,220, 569-580 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kiran B.R. and Puttaiah E.T., Fecundity studies on Chela untrahi (Day) from Bhadra reservoir, Karnataka, India, Inland Fish. Soc., 35(2), 41-44 (2003) @No $ @ @ Clark F.N., Maturity of the California sardine (Sardina caerulea) determined by ova diameter measurements, Calif. Div. Fish Game. Fish. Bull., 42, 1-49 (1934) @No $ @ @ De Jong J.K., A preliminary investigation of the spawning habits of some fishes of Java Sea, Treubia, , 199-218 (1939) @No @Short Communication <#LINE#>Analysis of Microbial Contamination in Food Grade Samples at the Industrial Production Level<#LINE#>S.M.@Waghode,A.M.@Garode<#LINE#>78-80<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-185.pdf<#LINE#> PG Department of Microbiology, Shri Shivaji Science College, Chikhli, Buldhana, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>3/10/2012<#LINE#>12/11/2012<#LINE#> The samples were collected from the industrial area for the microbial analysis. Microbial qualities of the samples were determined by the methods of total viable count by standard plate count method and the presences of pathogens were determined by the using the various test of pathogen. Results showed that the microbial contaminations were higher in the food grade samples with presence of bacteria and fungi in the food grade samples. The presence of pathogens such as E. coli and Salmonella spp. were showed 27.06% and 13.76% in food grade samples respectively. The remaining two pathogens S. aureus and Pseudomonas spp. contamination were showed in food grade samples 9.63% and 11.93% respectively. <#LINE#> @ @ Marambio E., Cordano A.M., Insunza M., Fernandez M. and Astorga J., Determination of bacterial pathogen in foods for export and their raw materialFinal Research Coordination MeetingMexico, IAEA-TECDOC-1431 @No $ @ @ Jarvis B., Seilera Angela, Ould J.L. and William Observations on the enumeration of moulds in food and feeding stuffs,J. Applied Bacteriology, @No $ @ @ Hanoshiro A., Morita M., Matte G.R., Matte M.H. and Torres EAFS, Microbiological quality of selected foods from a restricted area of Sao Paulo city, Brazil, 439(2004) @No $ @ @ Jarvis B., Seilera Angela, Ould J.L. and William A.P., Observations on the enumeration of moulds in food and J. Applied Bacteriology, 55, 325-336 (1983) @No $ @ @ Ghosh M., Wahi S. and Ganguli K.M., Prevalence of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella spp. in some raw street vended Indian foods, Int. J Environ Health Res., 17(2), 151-6 (2007) @No $ @ @ Garode A.M. and Waghode S.M., Bacteriological status of Street-Vended foods and Public Health Significance: A Case study of Buldana District, MS, India, ISCA J. Biological Sci.,1(3), 69-71 (2012) @No $ @ @ Collins C.H. and Patricia M. Lyne, Microbiological Methods, Butterworth World Student Reprint, London,(1980) @No $ @ @ Peter Moir, Microbial limit testing – reduced / replaced by equilibrium relative humidity, TOPRA Regulatory Rapport eur.,5(4), 14-16 (2008) @No $ @ @ Simona Ivana, Alexandru Bogdan, Ipate Judith, Laurentiu Tudor, Araitareanu Stelian, Andrei Tanase, Alexandru Nicolae Popescu, Dana Magdalena Caplan and Mihai Danes. Food microbial contamination - the main danger in the catering type food industry in Romania, Rom. Biotechnol. Lett., 14(2), 4260-4266 (2009) @No