International Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202Vol. 2(2), 25-28, February (2013) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 25 Studies on Occurance, Richness and Composition of Zooplankton in Seena river water at, Mohal, Dist- Solapur, MS, India Kulkarni D.A.1 and Surwase S.S.Department of Zoology, S.M.D.M. Mahavidyalyaya, Kallamb, Dist. Osmanabad, MS, INDIA Department of Zoology, Rajaram College, Kolhapur, MS, INDIAAvailable online at: www.isca.in Received 8th November 2012, revised 19th December 2012, accepted 28th December 2012Abstract This investigation was undertaken to study the physico-chemical characteristics and zooplankton composition of the Seena river water. Physico-chamical parameters of Seena river water were favorable range for growth of Zooplankton. The Zooplankton community was maximum in summer season and minimum in the monsoon due to high temperature and low turbidty in summer season and vice versa. The composition of the zooplankton (rotifera) was dominant (40.82%) followed by Cladocera (25.67%), Copepoda (18.78%) and Ostracoda (14.71%). The Dominant trend of zooplankton in the present investigation Rotifera � Cladocera � Copepoda � Ostracoda during the year 2007-2008 but in the year 2008-2009 The composition of the zooplankton (rotifera) was dominant (34.23%) followed by Cladocera (27.90%), Copepoda (20.09%) and Ostracoda (17.75%). The Dominant trend of zooplankton in the present investigation Rotifera � Cladocera � Copepoda � Ostracoda. Keywords: Physico-chamical parameters, Zooplankton, Seena river. Introduction Fresh waterZooplankton is an important component in aquatic ecosystems, whose main function is to act as primary and secondary links in the food chain. Primarily the physical and chemical environment shapes their community structure. However, these communities are also influenced by biological interactions, predation and their specific competition for food resources1,2. The zooplankton community composition and structure is affected by eutrophication, these communities can also be used as the indicator of changing tropic status of an aquatic ecosystem. Zooplanktons have long been used as indictors of the eutrophication3,4.. Various ecological aspects of zooplankton have been a subject of study by several workers in India during the last fifty years5-12Like other biotic factors, the diversity and population dynamics of zooplankton have been studied by many workers. It was revealed that the temperature, dissolved oxygen and organic matters have influence on zooplankton community structure. So in the present investigation was undertaken with the aim to study the biodiversity and monthly variation in the zooplankton communities of Seena river water near Mohal Dist- Solapur. The study was also aimed at understanding recent hydrobiological changes in the Seena river. Material and MethodsThe monthly water samples were collected from different sampling sites i.e. site- I, site- II and site- III. The qualitative and quantitative evalution of unfiltered, unstrained sample was done by using plankton net made of bolting cloth with 30 meshes /cm. Plankton sample were fixed in 4% formalin and preserved in 100ml polythene bottles. The preserved samples were diluted to 40 ml with distilled water. The zooplankton were identified using methodology by13 the counting was done by using Sedgwick – Rafter counting cell. 1ml of plankton sample was drawn and transferred to S–R counting cell. The observations were taken under inverted microscope. The procedure was repeated 5 times to get an average. The cell was moved in horizontal direction on the stage of an inverted microscope and zooplankton species encounted in the field was enumerated. Total three replications of sample was enumerated and total population of individual zooplankton and their genera was calculated. The identified species were expressed in number per liter. The preserved samples were studies for the diversity of zooplankton made the research binocular microscope by using standard keys and literature14, Results and Discussion In aquatic ecosystem, zooplanktons play critical role not only primary consumers but also they themselves serve as a source of food for higher organisms. Zooplankton provides the main food for fishes and can be used as indicators of the trophic status of a water body. During the investigation on Seena river 26 species of zooplankton were recorded consisting of 11 species of rotifera, 05 species of caldocera, 06 species of copepoda and 04 species of ostracoda. The monthly variation of zooplankton groups are given in tables 1 and 2. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences ________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 2(2), 25-28, February (2013) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 26 Table – 1 %composition of Zooplankton species in Seena river water during the year 2007-2008 Zooplankton Rotifera Cladocera Copepoda Ostracoda Total Oc.2007 105 65 52 36 258 Nov. 110 58 56 48 272 Dec. 110 85 53 42 290 Jan-2008 135 7459 59 47 315 Feb. 125 58 40 25 248 Mar. 132 55 40 31 258 April 161 60 35 30 286 May 164 82 50 34 330 June 74 78 56 44 252 July 80 74 59 49 262 Aug. 85 80 68 56 289 Sept. 101 103 68 56 328 Total 1382 869 636 498 3388 Total mean 115.16 72.41 53.00 41.5 282.33 % 40.82 25.67 18.78 14.71 100.00 Table -2 % composition of Zooplankton species in Seena river water during the year 2008-2009 Zooplankton Rotifera Cladocera Copepoda Ostracoda Total Oc.2008 78 62 44 44 228 Nov. 83 64 52 38 237 Dec. 94 69 50 46 259 Jan-2009 92 80 54 46 272 Feb. 100 50 36 34 220 Mar. 118 60 42 35 255 April 107 77 40 36 262 May 107 68 47 40 262 June 58 63 55 54 258 July 62 86 60 54 262 Aug. 59 79 60 56 254 Sept. 81 89 70 56 254 Total 1039 847 610 539 1063 Total mean 86.58 70.58 50.83 44.91 255.25 % 34.23 27.90 20.09 17.75 100.00 Rotifera: Rotifers also called as rotatoria or wheel animalcules are a group of small, usually microscopic, pseudocoelomate animals which have been variously regarded as a separate phylum.In the present investigation Rotifers species varied from 12 to 29 number/ lit at site -I,25 to 48 number/lit at site –II and 16 to 41 number/ lit at site –III during the year of 2007-2008. While in the year of 2008-09 it was ranging form 28 to 60 number/ lit at site –I, 25 to 6 number/ lit at site –II and 2 to 44 number/ lit at site –III. In the present study the rotifera was found 11 species. This observation is in the concurrence with the earlier workers15. The species of rotifers found during the period of investigation the minimum number of rotifers was observed in monsoon and maximum in summer season. The following rotifers were identified during the investigation. Branchinus calcyflorus, Branchinus angularis, Branchius caudatus Kertella tropica, Kertella coculearis, Kertella Spp., Filina Spp., Filina longiseta, Rotaria, Monostyla bulla, Trichocera Spp. Cladocera: Cladocerans popularly called as “water flea” prefer to live in deep water and constitute a major item of food for fish. Thus they hold key position in food chain and energy transformation16.. In the present study the cladocera species ranging from 14 to 25 number/ lit, 22 to 38 number/ lit and 10 to 30 number/ lit at site –I, II and III respectively in the year 2007- 08. While in the year of 2008-09 it was varied from 16 to 40 number/ lit, 16 to 33 number/ lit, and 18 to 40 number/ lit at site I, II and III respectively. The cladocera were minimum in summer season and maximum in monsoon season. The following species of cladocera were identified during the investigation. Alona rectangula, Chydorus reticulates, Daphina International Research Journal of Biological Sciences ________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 2(2), 25-28, February (2013) Int. Res. J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 27 carinata, Moina Spp., Bosminopsis deitersi.Population of cladocerans in different water bodies have been reported by17-20. Copepoda: Fresh water copepods constitute one of the major zooplankton communities occurring in all types of water bodies and ranging from free living to parasitic forms. They serve as food to several fishes and play a major role in ecological pyramids. Water temperature and availability of food organisms affect the copepoda population. It is observed that the inverse relationship between high population of rotifera and caldocera. In the present study copepoda species varied from 9 to 20 number / lit, 14 to 24 number / lit and 12 to 28 number / lit at site I, II and III respectively during the year of 2007 – 08.while in the year of 2008-08 it was varied from 10 to 22 number/ lit, 14 to 22 number / lit and 14 to 26 number / lit at site I, II and III respectively. The maximum numbers of copepoda were observed during monsoon season and minimum in summer season. The following species of copepoda were identified during the investigation. Naupli, Cyclops viridis,Paracyclops Spp., Mesocyclops, Bosmina Spp., Diaptamus Spp.Ostracoda: Ostracodes are small crustaceans having the bivalve carapace enclosing the laterally compressed body. The freshwater ostracodes occur in lakes, tanks, swamps, streams, and even polluted waters. The higher population of ostracodes during monsoon may be due to the abundance of fine detritus to which omnivorous organisms switch over during monsoon form their natural benthic habitat and bacteria, mould and algae as food21. The decrease in the population of ostracods during winter and summer may be due to the feeding pressure of stocked fishes. Water temperature and the availability of food organisms may affect the ostracoda population. In the present study ostracoda species varied from 8 to 14 number/ lit , 8 to 22 number/ lit l and 16 to 24 number/ lit at site I , II and III respectively during the year of 2007-08. while in the year 2008-09 it was raining from 6 to 18 number/ lit, 8 to 20 number/ lit and 10 to 21 number/ lit at site –I, II and III respectively. In the present investigation the maximum numbers of ostracoda were observed during monsoon season and minimum in summer season. The following ostracoda were identified during the investigation. Cypris, Meta Cypris,Candocypris, Stenocypris. Conclusion The present investigation the composition of zooplankton species during the year 2007-08 it was Rotifera 34%, Clodocera 28.0%, Copepoda 20% and Ostracoda 18%. Among all these zooplankton species rotifera is dominant followed by Clodocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda species. The trend of zooplankton species with respect to number Rotifera � Clococera � Copepoda � Ostracoda. 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