@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Chemical Composition and Antibacterial activity of Essential oil of Ocimum basilicum of Northern Ethiopia<#LINE#>C.R.@Unnithan,W.@Dagnaw,Undrala@S.,Ravi@Subban<#LINE#>1-4<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-233.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Mekelle University, ETHIOPIA @ Department of Chemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore, INDIA<#LINE#>19/11/2012<#LINE#>25/2/2013<#LINE#>The constituents of essential oil isolated by hydro distillation of the aerial parts of Ocimum basilicum L, Lamiaceae family, from Ethiopia was examined by GC-MS. A total of 30 components were identified accounting for 76.7% of the oil of O.basilicum. The oil  contained, as main components, copaene (25.5%), p-menth-2-en-1-ol (7.7%), eugenylacetae (4.8%), bornyl acetate (4.0%),  – himachalene (3.6%), rosifoliol (3.0%) and  –cubebene(2.5%). The essential oil of O.basilicum showed significant anti bacterial activity against gram positive (Staphylococcus auerus) than gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). <#LINE#> @ @ Keita S.M., Vincent C., Schmit J.P and Belanger A., Essential oil composition of Ocimum basilicum  L., O. gratissium  . and O. suave L. in the Republic of Guinea, Flav Fragr J,15, 339-341 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kasali A.A. and Eshilokun A.O., et.al. A Volatile oil composition of new chemotype of from Nigeria, Flav Fragr J, 20, 45-47 (2004) @No $ @ @ Lee Koon J. and Min D.B., Comp. Rev. Food. Sci. Food Safety, 3, 21-27 (2004) @No $ @ @ Prakash P. and  Neelu Gupta, Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol.,49(2), 125-131 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ji-Wen Shang, Sheng-Kun Li and Wen-Jun Wu: Molecules, 14, 273-277 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ramesh B. and Satakopan V.N., In vitro Antioxidant Activities of Ocimum Species: Ocimum  basilicum  and  Ocimum  sanctum, (2010) @No $ @ @ Kahkonen P.M., Hopia I.A., et.al.,J. Agric. Food Chem.,47,3954-3962 (1999) @No $ @ @ Krishnaiah D., Devi T. and Bono A. Sarbatly A Studies on phytochemical constituents of six Malaysian medicinal plants, J. Med. Plants Res., 3(2), 67-72 (2009) @No $ @ @ Wannissorn B., Jarikasem S., Siriwangchai T. and Thubthimthed S., Antibacterial properties of essential oils from Thai medicinal plants, Fitoterapia, 76, 233-236 (2005) @No $ @ @ Sokovic M. and Griensven LJLDV, Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their components against the three major pathogens of the cultivated button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 116, 211-224 (2006) @No $ @ @ Lopez P., Sanchez C., Batlle R. and Nerin C., Solid and vapor phase antimicrobial activities of six essential oils: Susceptibility of selected food borne bacterial and fungal strains, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 6939-6946 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bozin B., Mimica-Dukic N., Simin N. and Anackov G., Characterization of the volatile composition of essential oil of some lamiaceae species and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the entire oils, J. Agric. Food Chem.,54, 1822-1828 (2006) @No $ @ @ Akinyemi K.O. and Mendie U.E., et.al., Screening of some medicinal plants for anti salmonella activity, J. Herb Pharmocother,5(1), 45-60 (2004) @No $ @ @ Begum J., Yusuf M., Chowdhury U. and Wahab M.A., Studies on essential oils for their antibacterial and antifungal properties, Part 1, Preliminary screening of 35 essential oils, J. Sci, Ind. Res.,28, 25-34 (1993) @No $ @ @ Adams R.P., Identification of essential oil components by Gas Chromatography/Quadrupole Mass Spectroscopy, USA: Allured Publ. Corp., Carol Stream, (2001) @No $ @ @ Pagington J.S.A., Review of Oleoresin Black Pepper and Its Extraction Solvents, Perfume.Flav.,8(4), 29-36 (1983) @No $ @ @ Meyer B., Natural Essential Oils. Extraction Processes and Application to Some Major Oils, Perfum.Flav., 94 (2), 93-104 (1984) @No $ @ @ Littlejohn W.J., Terpeneless and Sesquiterpene less Essential Oils: Their Characteristics, Advantages, and Mode of Employment, Perfum. Essent. Oil Rec,45, 117-121 (1954) @No $ @ @ Ellis S.R.M. and Freshwater D.C., Distillation Part I, Equilibrium Data, Perfum Essent. Oil Rec., 45, 271-286 (1954) @No $ @ @ http://www.unp.me/f150/essential-oil-extraction-methods-55094/(accessed on March/2012) @No $ @ @ (2012) @No $ @ @ 1.Atal C.K. and Kapur B.N., Cultivation and Utilisation of Medicinal Plants, CSIR, RRL, Jammu- Tawi, India, 27 (1987) @No $ @ @ Ismail M., Central Properties and Chemical Composition of  Ocimum basilicum, L Essential Oil Phar. 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<#LINE#>Physiological behaviour of few Cultivars of Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) during Seed Germination and early Growth, subjecting to distillery Effluent Stress<#LINE#>K.S.@Mahesh,Chandrashekara@K.T.,Rajashekar@N.,Jagannath@Shobha<#LINE#>5-10<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-024.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Studies in botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore – 570006, INDIA @ Department of Studies in Sericultural Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore -570006, INDIA @ Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi- 110007, INDIA <#LINE#>9/2/2013<#LINE#>11/6/2013<#LINE#>An attempt was made to understand physiological behavior of few cultivars of paddy (Oryza sativa L.) subjecting to distillery effluent stress. Physio-chemical data of effluent reveals that it is rich in both organic and inorganic load. Subjecting five cultivars of paddy viz., Jaya, Jyothi, Mandya Vijay and MTU-1001, to different dilution of effluent (viz. 6%, 12%, 25%, 50% and 100%) preliminary germination was conducted. Percent germination, root length and shoot length was almost similar in control and 6% dilution of distillery effluent, with further increase in concentration, gradual inhibitory effect was noticed, whereas complete inhibition was observed at 100%. Physiological parameters such as total carbohydrate, total starch content was high, whereas reducing sugar was low in germinated seedlings treated at higher concentration of effluent. Total protein decreased at higher concentration in all cultivars of paddy. It was high at 6% and decreased gradually with increase in dilution concentration of effluent, when compared to control. These results reveal that degradation and mobilization of seed serves is impaired by cat ions and anions in the effluent by disturbing the activities of enzymes essential for it. Overall data of physiological parameter reveals that Jaya cultivar is sensitive among five cultivars of paddy, when subjected to distillery effluent stress. <#LINE#> @ @ Anonymous, The Hindu-Survey of Indian Agriculture, Kasturi Publishers, Chennai, 27 (2002) @No $ @ @ Sugar India, Anekant Prakashan, Jayasingapur, Kolhapur (2005) @No $ @ @ Cavusoglu A. and Sulusoglu M., In vitro Pollen Viability and Pollen Germination in Medlar (Mespilus germanica L.), Int. Res. J. Biological Sci.,2(5), 49-53 (2013) @No $ @ @ A.P.H.A. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, American Public Health Association,(1985) @No $ @ @ Trivedi R.K. and Goel P.K., Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies, Environment publication, Karad, (1986) @No $ @ @ 106.ISTA, International rules for seed testing, Seed Sci. and Tech.,13, 421-463 (1985) @No $ @ @ Hodge J.E. and Hofreiter B.T., In: Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry (eds Whistler, R.L. and Be Miller, J. N.) Academic Press New York (1962) @No $ @ @ Dubois M., Gilles K.A., Hamilton J.K., Rebers P.A. and Smith F., Anal Chem,26, 350 (1956) @No $ @ @ Lowry O.H. Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L. and Randall R.L., Protein measurement with Folin reagent, J Biol Chem.,193, 265 (1951) @No $ @ @ Miller G.L., Anal Chem,31, 426 (1972) @No $ @ @ Tukey M., Comparing individual means in the analysis of variance, Biometrics,, 99-114 (1949) @No $ @ @ Vijayakumari K. and Kumudha P., Effect of distillery effluent on seed germination and early seedling growth in some crop plants, Geobios, 17, 206-211 (1990) @No $ @ @ Subramani A., Sundaramoorthy P. and Lakshmanachary A.S., Effect of biologically treated distillery effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of green gram  Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek Var. CO.2], Poll. Res. 14(1), 37-41 (1995) @No $ @ @ Kannan J., Effect of distillery effluent irrigation on soil biological properties on which groundcrops were raised,  Adv. Plant. Sci.,15(11), 439-443 (2002) @No $ @ @ Sukanya T.S. and Meli S.S., Soil fertility status as affected by use of distillery effluent (spentwash) as irrigation water in wheat, Mys. J. Agri. Sci., 39(2) 151-157 (2005) @No $ @ @ Tharakeshwari M. and Shobha J., Effect of distillery effluent on seed germination, seedling growth and root meristem cells of Vigna radiata. L, J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit.,16(4), 341-345 (2006) @No $ @ @ Amen R.D., A model of seed dormancy, Bot. Rev., 34, 1-31 (1968) @No $ @ @ Ching T.M., Metabolism of seeds. In seed Biology (Ed. T.T. Kozlowski), II, 103-219 (1972) @No $ @ @ Mayer E. and Poljakoff-Mayer A., The germination of seeds. The Mc-Millan Co., New York, 61-94 (1963) @No $ @ @ Swain R.R. and Dekker E.E., Seed germination studies. II. Pathways for starch degradation in germinating pea seedlings, Biochem. Biophys. Acta., 122, 87-100 (1966) @No $ @ @ Himabindu T. and Jaganmohan Reddy K., Effect of paper mill effluent on biochemical characteristics of rice, (Var. Swarna mahsuri), Nature environment and pollution tech.,4(4), 617-619 (2005) @No $ @ @ Vijayakumari B., Impact of textile dyeing effluent on growth of Soybean (Glycine max L.), J Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., 13(1), 59-64 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mutchuchelian K., Rani S.M.V. Kandasamy G. and Paliwal K., Influence of sewage water and sewage soil on photosynthesis, nitrate reductase activity and biomass accumulation of Phaseolus mungo. L, Indian J. Environ.Hlth. 30(4), 367-371 (1988) @No $ @ @ Singh D.K., Kumar D. and Singh V.P., Studies of pollution effects of sugar mill and distillery effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of three varieties of rice, J. Environ.Biol., 6(1), 31-35 (1985) @No $ @ @ Subramani A., Saravanan S., Sundaramoorthy P. and Lakshmanachary A.S., Impact of fertilizer factory effluent on the morphometrical and biochemical changes of cowpea (Vigna ungiculata .) Walp, Adv. Plant Sci., 11(1), 137-141 (1998) @No $ @ @ Laksmi S. and Sudaramoorthy P., Biochemical and mineral content changes of the paddy seedlings under tannery effluent treatment, J. Environ. Poll., 8(1), 13-17 (2001) @No $ @ @ Sivaraman M. and Thamizhiniyan P., Effect of sago factory effluent on biochemical and mineral contents of blackgram (Vigna mungo), J.Ecotoxicol.Environ.Monit.,15(2), 117-122 (2005) @No $ @ @ Murthy G.P., Sudarshana M.S., Prakasha and Manjunatha R.A., Studies on the physico-chemical properties of sugarmill effluent and their effects on germination, seedling morphology and biochemical contstituents of some commercial crops, Biosciences, Biotech. Pes. 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<#LINE#>Assessment of Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women by Evaluation of Urinary Hydroxyproline and Serum Status of Osteocalcin<#LINE#>Jharna@Shukla,Nupur@Shukla,DeySarkar@Purnima,Angoorbala@Bafna<#LINE#>11-14<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-099.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biochemistry, College of Dental Science and Hospital, Rau, INDIA @ Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore, INDIA @ Department of Biochemistry, MGM Medical College, Indore, INDIA<#LINE#>2/5/2013<#LINE#>14/6/2013<#LINE#>Bones are in a dynamic state throughout the life. Bone metabolism is a continuous process which maintains a balance between the resorption of old and injured bone and the formation of new bone under. This continuous degradation and formation of bone is termed as bone remodeling or bone turnover, a process that occurs throughout the life. The balance between bone degradation and bone formation is altered due to aging and cessation of the menstrual cycle in women. The present study aimed at estimation of the two important markers of bone turnover, serum osteocalcin and urinary hydroxyproline in postmenopausal women and also to probe into the role of these both in assessing the altered bone metabolism. 100 women were included in the study out of which 50 were premenopausal who served as the control and 50 were postmenopausal women with mean age in years 35.11 ± 4.09 and 62.65 ± 7.4 respectively. Total calcium (mg / ml) and osteocalcin (ng / ml) were evaluated in the serum while hydroxyproline (mg / g creatinine) was estimated in the urine of both the groups. Significant decrease in the total calcium (p value  0.001) and significant increase in the serum osteocalcin level (p value  0.001) and urinary hydroxyproline (p value  0.001) was observed in the postmenopausal women. The results of the study suggested that biochemical markers like osteocalcin and urinary hydroxyproline may serve as the indicators of altered bone metabolism and therefore can be used to monitor the same in postmenopausal women subsequently helping in evaluating the risk of developing osteoporosis. <#LINE#> @ @ Uebelhart D., Schlemmer A., Johansen J.S., Gineyts E., Christiansen C. and Delmas P.D., Effect of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on the urinary excretion of pyridinium cross links, J Clin Endocrinol Metab., (72), 367-373 (1991) @No $ @ @ Manolagas S.C. and Jilka R.L., Bone marrow, cytokines and bone remodeling: emerging insights into the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, N England J Med., (332), 305-311 (1995) @No $ @ @ Riggs B.L. and Melton L.J., Medical progress series: involution osteoporosis, N Engl J Med.,(314), 1676-1686, (1986) @No $ @ @ Susan A., Calcium Supplementation in postmenopausal women, From medscape Ob/Gyn & Women’s health, http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/460438,  8(2), (2003) @No $ @ @ Carr B.R. and Bradshaw K.D., Disorders of the ovary and female reproductive tract, In: Braunwald e, Isselbacher K.J., Wilson J.D., Martin J.B., Fauci A.S. and Kasper D.L., editors, Harrison’s Principals of Internal Medicine, 14th Ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill, 2097-115, (1998) @No $ @ @ Delmas PD, Biochemical markers of bone turnover for the clinical investigation of osteoporosis, Osteoporos Int., 3(1), 81–6, (1993) @No $ @ @ Connerty HV, Briggs AR, Determination of serum calcium by means of orthocresolphthalein complexone, Am. J Clin Path.,(45), 290-6, (1966) @No $ @ @ Brown JP, Delmas PD, Serum BGP: a specific marker for bone formation in postmenopausal osteoporosis, The Lancet, 1091-1093, (1984) @No $ @ @ Bergman I, Loxley R, The determination of hydroxyproline in urine hydrolysates, Clin Chim Acta, (27), 347–9, (1970) @No $ @ @ Newman DJ, Price C, Renal function and nitrogen metabolites. In: Brutis CA, Ashwood ER, editors, Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders,  1204-70, (1998) @No $ @ @ Indumati V, Patil VS, Jailkhani R, Hospital based preliminary study of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, Ind J Clin Biochem..,  22(2), 96–100, (2007) @No $ @ @ Demers LM, Costa L, Lipton A, Biochemical markers and skeletal metastases, Cancer, (88), 2919-2926, (2000) @No $ @ @ George BO, Urinary and Anthropometrical Indices of Bone Density in healthy Nigerians adults, J Appl Sci Environ Mgt., 7(1), 19-23, (2003) @No $ @ @ Sachdeva A, Seth S, Khosla AH, Sachdeva S, Study of some common Biochemical bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women, Ind J Clin Biochem. , 20(1), 131-4, (2005) @No $ @ @ Vanita R. Jagtap, Jayshree V. Ganu. Effect of antiresorptive therapy on urinary hydroxyproline in postmenopausal osteoporosis, Ind J Clin Biochem., 27(1), 90-93, (2012) @No $ @ @ Delmas PD. Biochemical markers of bone turnover, J Bone Miner. Res. Int., 8 (Suppl 2), S549-S555, (1993) @No $ @ @ Vanita R. Jagtap, Jayashri V. Ganu, Nitin S. Nagane, BMD and Serum Intact Osteocalcin in Postmenopausal steoporosis Women, Ind J Clin Biochem.,  26(1), 70-83, (2011) @No $ @ @ Civitelli R, Armamento-Villareal R, Napoli N, Bone turnover markers: understanding their value in clinical trials and clinical practice, Osteoporosis Int, (20), 853-51, (2009) @No $ @ @ Lee AJ, Hodges S, Eastell R, Measurement of osteocalcin,Ann Clin Biochem, (37), 432-46, (2000) @No $ @ @ Ravn P, Fledelius C, Rosenquist C, Overgaard K, Christiansen C, High bone turnover is associated with low bone mass in both pre and postmenopausal women,  Bone, (19), 291-8 , (1996) @No $ @ @ Filip RS, Zagorski J, Age and BMD related differences in biochemical markers of bone metabolism in rural and urban women from Lublin region, Poland, Ann Agric Environ Med, (11), 255-9, (2004) @No $ @ @ Iki M, Akiba T, Matsumoto T, Nishino H, Kagamimori S, Kagama Y, et al. and JPOS Study Group, Reference database of biochemical markers of bone turnover for the Japanese female population, Osteoporos Int., (15), 981–91, (2004) @No $ @ @ Pino JD, Gomez EM, Rodriguez MM, Sosa CL, Cordero M, Lanchares JL, Talavera JRG, Influence of sex, age and menopause in serum osteocalcin (BGP) levels, J Mol Med., 69(24),1135–8, (1991) @No $ @ @ Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: Diagnosis and Monitoring. 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<#LINE#>Assessment of Parameters Influencing Rice Straw Associated Mycelial Growth of Pleurotus ostreatus MTCC 142 and a Wild Isolate of Pleurotus  ostreatus<#LINE#>Arijit@Das,Sourav@Bhattacharya,Palaniswamy@M.,J.@Angayarkanni<#LINE#>15-21<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-110.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Microbiology, Karpagam University, Coimbatore-641021, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Dept. of Microbiology, Genohelix Biolabs, CASB, Jain University, Bangalore-560019, Karnataka, INDIA @ Dept. of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>14/5/2013<#LINE#>17/6/2013<#LINE#>  Pleurotus ostreatus, commonly known as the oyster mushroom, is a medicinally and biotechnologically important edible mushroom. The present study focuses on assessment of various parameters which may influence the optimum mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus MTCC 142 and a wild isolate of Pleurotus ostreatus. Solid-state cultivation of the mushroom was carried out using rice straw as the substrate. Indirect methods of measurement such as cellulolytic activity and total protein content were used to determine the level of rice straw associatedmycelial growth. In case of Pleurotus ostreatus MTCC 142 the highest protein yield was recorded in rice straw supplemented with 1% (w/v) potato starch and 0.5% (w/v) peptone, with an initial moisture ratio of 1:10, whereas, the highest cellulase production was associated with rice straw supplemented with 1% (w/v) lactose and 0.5% (w/v) tryptone, with an initial moisture ratio of 1:5, when inoculated with one mycelium plug. For the wild isolate of Pleurotus ostreatus the highest protein content and cellulase activity were recorded in the substrate supplemented with 1% (w/v) lactose and 0.5% (w/v) beef extract, with an initial moisture ratio of 1:10, when inoculated with two mycelial plugs.  <#LINE#> @ @ Asha-Augustine, Imelda-Joseph and Raj R.P., Biomass estimation of Aspergillus niger 4 a mangrove fungal isolate and A. oryzae NCIM1212 in solid-state fermentation, J Mar. Biol. Ass. India48, 139-146 (2006) @No $ @ @ Pandey A., Selvakumar P., Soccol C.R. and Nigam P., Solid state fermentation for the production of industrial enzymes, Curr. Sci.77, 149-162 (1999) @No $ @ @ Viccini G., Mitchell D.A., Boit S.D., Gern J.C., da Rosa A.S., Costa R.M., Dalsenter F.D.H., von Meien O.F. and Krieger N., Analysis of growth kinetic profiles in solid-state fermentation,Food Technol. Biotechnol., 39, 271-294 (2001) @No $ @ @ Cohen R., Persky L. and Hadar Y., Biotechnological applications and potential of wood degrading mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus, Appl. Microbial. Biotechnol. Rev., 58, 582-594 (2002) @No $ @ @ Hernàdez D., Sànchez J.E. and Yamasaki K., A simple procedure for preparing substrate for Pleurotusostreatuscultivation, Bioresour. Technol., 90, 145-150 (2003) @No $ @ @ Abo-State M.A.M., Khatab O., Abo-El N.A. and Mahmoud B. Factors affecting laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus sajor-cajuWorld Appl. Sci. J, 14, 1607-1619 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bhatti M.I., Jiskani M.M., Wagan K.H., Pathan M.A. and Magsi M.R., Growth, development and yield of oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. Ex. Fr.) Kummer as  affected by different spawn rates, Pak. J Bot., 39, 2685-2692 (2007) @No $ @ @ Banerjee U.C., Chisti Y. and Moo-Young M., Spectrophotometric determination of mycelial biomass, Biotechnol. Tech. 7, 313-316 (1993) @No $ @ @ Raimbault M., General and microbiological aspects of solid substrate fermentation, Electron. J Biotechn., , 1-15 (1998) @No $ @ @ Ooijkaas L.P., Tramper J. and Buitelaar R.M., Biomass estimation of Coniothyrium minitansin solid- state fermentation, Enzyme Microb. Technol.22, 480-486 (1998) @No $ @ @ Hashim A.J., Determination of optimal conditions for laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus using sawdust as solid medium and its use in phenol degradation, J Baghdad for Sci., , 491-499 (2012) @No $ @ @ Junior N.M., Asai T., Capelari M. and Paccola-Meirelles L.D., Morphological and molecular identification of four Brazilian commercial isolates of Pleurotus spp. and cultivation on corncob, Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 53, 397-408 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sobieralski K., Siwulski M., Sas-Golak I., Makowski J. and Kotliska T., Mycelium growth and yield of wild strains of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.:Fr.) Quel. cultivated on waste materials from the textile industry,Folia Hort., 23, 67-71 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharya S., Bhardwaj S., Das A. and Anand S., Utilization of sugarcane bagasse for solid- state fermentation and characterization of - amylase from Aspergillus flavus isolated from Muthupettai mangrove, Tamil Nadu, India, Aust. J Basic & Appl. Sci.,, 1012-1022 (2011) @No $ @ @ Miller G.L., Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar, Anal. Chem., 31, 426-428 (1959) @No $ @ @ Das A., Bhattacharya S., Roopa K.S. and Yashoda S.S., Microbial utilization of agronomic wastes for cellulase production by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride using solid-state fermentation, Dyn. Biochem. Process. Biotech. Mol. Biol., 5, 18-22 (2011) @No $ @ @ Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L. and Randall R.J., Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent, J Biol. Chem., 193, 265-275 (1951) @No $ @ @ Mane V.P., Patil S.S., Syed A.A. and Baig M.M.V. Bioconversion of low quality lignocellulosic agricultural waste into edible protein by Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer, J Zhejiang Univ. Sci., , 745-751 (2007) @No $ @ @ Akyüz M. and Kirba S., Nutritive value of wild edible and cultured mushrooms, Turk. J Biol., 34, 97-102 (2010) @No $ @ @ Agrahar-Murugkar D. and Subbulakshmi G., Nutritional value of edible wild mushrooms collected from the Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, Food Chem., 89, 599-603 (2005) @No $ @ @ Badshah N., Ur-Rehman N. and Wahid M., Yield and quality of mushrooms grown on different substrates, Sarhad J Agriculture, , 631-635 (1992) @No $ @ @ Patra A.K. and Pani B.K., Yield response of different species of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus) to paddy straw, Current Agril. Res., Supplement , 11-14 (1995) @No $ @ @ Mathew G.M., Sukumaran R.K., Singhania R.R. and Pandey A., Progress in research on fungal cellulases for lignocellulose degradation, J Sci. Ind. Res., 67, 898-907 (2008) @No $ @ @ Wang D.I.C., Cooney C.L., Demain A.L., Dunnil P., Humphrey A.E. and Lilly M.D., Fermentation and Enzyme Technology, John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA (1979) @No $ @ @ Mikiashvili N., Wasser S.P., Nevo E. and Elisashvili V., Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on Pleurotus ostreatus ligninolytic enzyme activity, World J Microbiol. Biotechnol., 22, 999-1002 (2006) @No $ @ @ Das A., Bhattacharya S., Reddy N.V. and Sundara R.S., Improved production and purification of pectinase from Streptomyces sp. GHBA10 isolated from Valapattanam mangrove habitat, Kerala, India, Int. Res. J Biological Sci.,, 16-22 (2013) @No $ @ @ Jadhav D.M. and Gawai D.U., Effect of different nutrient sources on biomass production of phylloplane yeast Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary), Int. Res. J Biological Sci.,, 85-87 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ramachandran S., Patel A.K., Nampoothiri K.M., Chandran S., Szakacs G., Soccol C.R. and Pandey A., Alpha amylase from a fungal culture grown on oil cakes and its properties, Braz. Arch. Biol. Techn., 47, 309-317 (2004) @No $ @ @ Schimel J.P., Gulledge J.M., Clein-Curley J.S., Lindstrom J.E. and Braddock J.F., Moisture effects on microbial activity and community structure in decomposing birch litter in the Alaskan taiga, Soil Biol. Biochem., 31, 831-838 (1999) @No $ @ @ Patil S.S., Ahmed S.A., Telang S.M. and Baig M.M.V., The nutritional value of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.:Fr.) Kumm cultivated on different lignocellulosic agrowastes, Innovat. Rom. Food. Biotechnol., , 66-76 (2010) @No $ @ @ Maher M.J., Spent mushroom compost (SMC) as a nutrient in peat based potting substrates. In: Maher M.J. (ed) Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi, Balkema, Rotterdam, Holland, 645-650 (1991) @No 
<#LINE#>Pectobacterium carotovorum Inhibition by Preservative agents in Sprouting Radish Seeds<#LINE#>Chatkaew@Atchara,Su’udi@Mukhamad,Lim@Sooyeon,Byung-Ho@Hwang,Kim@Jongkee<#LINE#>22-28<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-111.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, KOREA<#LINE#>15/5/2013<#LINE#>30/6/2013<#LINE#>In the present study, we report the effect of preservative agents against Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum (Pcc), the causal agent of soft rot disease, on sprouting radish seeds. Compounds were mixed with nutrient agar at concentrations of 0.002 M, 0.02 M and 0.2 M. In vitro assay showed that out of ten compounds, sodium metabisulfite and sodium sulfite were able to inhibit bacterial growth at all concentrations. In addition, the reduction of bacterial population was in agreement with increasing holding time and concentration of compounds. In vivo assay of both compounds also exhibited similar tendency, in which, high concentration shows more inhibition effects on bacterial growth. The population of Pcc on radish sprout after treated with sodium metabisulfite and sodium sulfite were 0.00 and 6.68 log10 CFU/ml, compared to the control (7.06 log10 CFU/ml). However, the sodium metabisulfite has stronger negative effects on seed germination compare to sodium sulfite at 0.2 M. High concentration of both compounds also interfere the seedling elongation and fresh weight. The results indicate that appropriate amount of both compounds might be used for controlling the Pcc growth.  <#LINE#> @ @ Martinez-Villaluenga C., Penas E., Ciska E., Piskula M.K., Kozlowska H., Vidal-Valverde C. and Frias J., Time dependence of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity during germination of different cultivars of broccoli and radish seeds, Food Chem., 120, 710-716 (2010) @No $ @ @ Guo R. Yuan G. and Wang, Q., Effect of sucrose and mannitol on the accumulation of health-promoting compounds and the activity of metabolic enzymes in broccoli sprouts, Scientia Hortic.,128, 159-165 (2011) @No $ @ @ Valgimigli L. and Iori R. Antioxidant and pro-oxidant capacities of ITCs, Env. Mol. Mutagen, 50, 222-237 (2009) @No $ @ @ Heber D., Vegetables fruits and phytoestrogens in the prevention of diseases, Postgraduate Medicine, 50,145-149 (2004) @No $ @ @ Mansfield J., Genin S., Magori S., Citovsky   V., Sriariyanum M., Ronald P., Dow M., Verdier V., Beer S.V., Machado M.A., Toth I., Salmond G. and Foster G.D., Top 10 plant pathogenic bacteria in molecular plant pathology, Mol. Plant Pathol., 13(6), 614-29 (2012) @No $ @ @ Andrews W.H., Mislivec P.B., Wilson C.R., Bruce V.R., Poelma P.L. and Gibson R., Microbial hazards associated with bean sprouting, Ass.Off. Anal. Chem., 65, 241-248 (1982) @No $ @ @ Penas E., Gomez R., Frias J. and Vidal-Valverde C., Effects of combined treatments of high pressure, temperature and antimicrobial products on germination of mung bean seeds and microbial quality of sprouts, Food Control, 21, 82-88 (2010) @No $ @ @ Neetoo H. and Chen H., Pre-soaking of seeds enhances pressure inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. on crimson clover, red clover, radish and broccoli seeds, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 137, 274-280 (2010) @No $ @ @ Wade W.N., Scouten A.J., McWatters K.H., Wick R.L., Demirci A. and Fett W. F., Efficacy of ozone in killing Listeria monocytogenes on alfalfa seeds and sprouts and effects on sensory quality of sprouts, Food Protection,66, 44-51 (2003) @No $ @ @ Todoriki S. and Hayashi T., Disinfection of seeds and sprout inhibition of potatoes with low energy electrons, Radiation Physic. Chem., 57, 253-255 (2000) @No $ @ @ Waje C.K., Jun S.Y., Lee Y.K., Kim B.N. , Han D.H., Jo C. and Kwon J.H., Microbial quality assessment and pathogen inactivation by electron beam and gamma irradiation of commercial seed sprouts, Food Control, 20, 200-204 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kim Y.J., Kim M.H. and Song K.B., Efficacy of aqueous chlorine dioxide and fumaric acid for inactivating pre-existing microorganisms and Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes on broccoli sprouts, Food Control, 20, 1002-1005 (2009) @No $ @ @ Beuchat L.R., Comparison of chemical treatments to kill Salmonella on alfalfa seeds destined for sprout production, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 34(3), 329-333 (1997) @No $ @ @ Zhang C., Lu Z., Li Y., Shang Y., Zhang G. and Cao W., Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enteritidis on mung bean seeds and sprouts by slightly acidic electrolyzed water, Food Control, 22, 792-796 (2011) @No $ @ @ Winthrop K.L., Palumbo M.S., Farrar J.A., Mohle-Boetani J.C., Abbott S. and Beatty M.E., Alfalfa sprouts and Salmonella Kottbus infection: A multistate outbreak following inadequate seed disinfection with heat and chlorine, Food Protection, 66, 13-17 (2003) @No $ @ @ Cleveland J., Montville T. J., Nes I. F. and Chikindas M. L., Review article Bacteriocins: safe, natural antimicrobials for food preservation, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 71, 1-20 (2001) @No $ @ @ Umida K., Tatiana B., Vladimír V., Oksana S. and Ranjeet S., Food Additives as Important Part of Functional Food, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(4), 74-86 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sjaifullah N.B. and Lunis M.H., Postharvest control of soft rot incidence on cabbages using lime, alum and silica gel, Hort., 16, 60-66 (1988) @No $ @ @ Mills A.A.S., Platt H.W. (Bud) and Hurta R.A.R., Sensitivity of Erwinia spp. to salt compounds in vitro and their effect on the development of soft rot in potato tubers in storage, Postharvest Biol. Technol., 41, 208-214 (2006) @No $ @ @ Aamir J., Kumari A., Khan M.N. and Medam S.K., Evaluation of the Combinational Antimicrobial Effect of Annona Squamosa and Phoenix Dactylifera Seeds Methanolic Extract on Standard Microbial Strains, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(5), 68-73 (2013) @No $ @ @ Srinivas P., Samatha T., Valya G., Ragan A. and Swamy N.R., Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extract of Wrightia tomentosa, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(3), 23-27 (2013) @No $ @ @ Usha M., Ragini S. and Naqvi S.M.A., Antibacterial Activity of Acetone and Ethanol Extracts of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) on four Food Spoilage Bacteria, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 1(4), 7-11(2012) @No $ @ @ Rajkowski K.T. and Thayer D.W., Alfalfa seed germination and yield ratio and alfalfa sprout microbial keeping quality following irradiation of seeds and sprouts, Food Protection, 64, 1988-1995 (2001) @No $ @ @ Lambert R.J. and Stratford M., Weak-acid preservatives: modelling microbial inhibition and response, Appl. Microbiol., 86, 157-164 (1999) @No $ @ @ Virto R., Sanz D., Alvarez I. and Rasot C. J., Inactivation kinetics of Yersinia enterocolitica by citric and lactic acid at different temperatures, Int. J. Food Microbioi., 103, 251-257 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gurtler J. B., Bailey R. B., Geveke D. J. and Zhang H. Q., Pulsed electric field inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 and non-pathogenic surrogate E. coli in strawberry juice as influenced by sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and citric acid, Food Control, 22, 1689-1694 (2011) @No $ @ @ Trinetta V., Morgan M. T. and Linton R. H. Use of high-concentration-short-time chlorine dioxide gas treatments for the inactivation of Salmonella enterica spp. inoculated onto Roma tomatoes, Food Microbiol., 27, 1009-1015 (2010) @No $ @ @ Roberts A.C. and McWeeny D.J., The use of sulfur dioxide in the food industry. A review, Food Technol. 7, 221 (1972) @No $ @ @ Basaran-Akgul N., Churey J. J., Basaran P. and Worobo R. W., Inactivation of different strains of Escherichia coliO157:H7 in various apple ciders treated with dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) and sulfur dioxide (SO) as an alternative method, Food Microbiol., 26, 8-15 (2009) @No $ @ @ Barnett D., Sulphites in foods: their chemistry and analysis, Food Technol. Ass. Australia, 37, 503-505 (1985) @No $ @ @ Kang H., Park Y. H. and Go S. J., Growth inhibition of a phytopathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum species by acetic acid, J.Microbiol. Res., 158, 321-326 (2003) @No $ @ @ Avis T.J., Rioux  D., Simard  M., Michaud  M. and Tweddell  R.J., Ultrastructural alterations in Fusarium sambucinum and Heterobasidion annosum treated with aluminum chloride and sodium metabisulfite, Phytopathology,99, 167-175 (2008) @No $ @ @ Mecteau M. R., Arul J. and Tweddell R. J., Eect of organic and inorganic salts on the growth and development of Fusarium sambucinum, a causal agent of potato dry rot, Mycological Res., 106, 688-696 (2002) @No $ @ @ Li R., Shi F. and Fukuda K. Interactive effects of salt and alkali stresses on seed germination, germination recovery, and seedling growth of a halophyte Spartina alterniflora(Poaceae), South African J. Botany, 76, 380-387 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kaya M. D., Okcqu G., Atak M., Ckl Y. and Kolsarc O., Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), European J. Agron., 24, 291-295 (2006) @No $ @ @ Almansouri  M., Kinet, J.M. and Lutts, S., Effect of salt and osmotic stresses on germination in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), Plant Soil,231, 243-254 (2001) @No $ @ @ Murillo-Amador  B., Troyo-Dieguez E., Garca-Hernandez J. L., Lopez-Aguilar R., Avila-Serrano N. Y., Zamora-Salgado S.,  Rueda-Puente E. O. and Kaya C., Effect of NaCl salinity in the genotypic variation of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) during early vegetative growth, Scientia Hortic., 108, 423-431 (2006) @No $ @ @ Khan M.A., Gul B. and Weber D.J., Seed germination characteristics of Halogeton glomeratus, Canadian J. Botany, 79, 1189-1194 (2001) @No $ @ @ Mao-Jun U., Dong J. and Mu-Yuan Z., Effect of germination conditions on ascorbic acid level and yield of soybean sprout, J. Sci. Food Agric., 85, 943-947 (2005) @No 
<#LINE#>Normal values of Thyroid Ultrasound Volume of School Children in non-iodine deficiency area Abomey Calavi in Benin<#LINE#>Bertin@Gbaguidi,Mélanie@Ahokpe,Eugène@Attakpa,Marc@AtegboJ.,Eudoxie@ASSOU,Natacha@Aïvodji,Amoussou-Guenou@Marcelin,Alphonse@Sezan<#LINE#>29-33<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-113.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratoire de Biomembranes et de Signalisation Cellulaire, Département de Physiologie Animale, Faculté e des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey- Calavi, Cotonou, REPUBLIQUE DU BENIN<#LINE#>16/5/2013<#LINE#>5/6/2013<#LINE#>According to WHO, the school-age children are more vulnerable to disorders caused by iodine deficiency (IDD). The prevalence of goiter in this age is an indicator of the severity of these disorders in a population.  Assessing the prevalence in a moderately iodine-deficient area is more reliable by measurement of thyroid ultrasound volume (TUV) than palpation method. This study aims to define the upper limits of normal TUV which can be referenced in school children aged 06 to 12 years of Abomey-Calavi. A coastal city apparently without iodine deficiency and the most populous of Atlantic Department in southern Benin. Inclusion criteria were formulated.  Children were selected at random in a cluster of 09 schools.  For each of them, urinary iodine was measured, anthropometric parameters (age, sex, height, weight) were recorded and ultrasound explorations were performed to calculate TUV. The normal upper limits are the 97th percentiles of TUV calculated firstly according to age and sex and the other based on sex and body surface area (BSA). Study population includes 134 schoolchildren, 68 girls (50.70%) and 66 males (49.3%). The urinary iodine was between 100 µg / l and 300g / l   in 93.3% of children and 300 and 400 µg / l for others. In girls, 97th percentiles of TUV were respectively by age categories (06 to 12) years: 1.99 ml; 2.71 ml; 2.06 ml; 2.54 ml; 4.70 ml; 3.81 ml; 5.22 ml.  For boys, respectively: 1.82 ml ; 2.11 ml ;  2.19 ml ;  2.80 ml ; 3.06 ml ;  4.6 ml ;  3.9 ml. TUV were normal in 91.04% of children. According to BSA, 97th percentiles of TUV for girls were: 2.04 ml; 3.86 ml; 2.05 ml; 3.63 ml, 4.7 ml, 5.25 ml, 3.88 ml, 4.38 ml, in boys nc; nc; 1.19 ml; 2.89 ml; 3.52 ml; 3.93 ml; 4.22 ml; 4.83 ml; nc (nc = not considered). The TUV were normal in 88.06% of schoolchildren. Upper limits of normal TUV values obtained wee fairly consistent and could serve as references for the interpretation of survey and monitoring data obtained by ultrasound in school children.   <#LINE#> @ @ WHO; UNICEF; ICCIDD,Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination. A guide for programme managers. GenevaWHO/NHD01, 1, 107 (2001) @No $ @ @ WHO; UNICEF; ICCIDD, Indicators for assessing iodine deficiency disorders and their control through salt iodization. Geneva: WHO, (WHO/NUT/94.6.) (1994) @No $ @ @ Tapsoba T.L., Ouédraogo T.B., Nacro B., O. Diallo O. and Niampa M.Mensurations échographiques de la thyroïde chez des enfants de zéro à 15 ans de la ville de Ouagadougou, Med. Nucl., 32(11), 573-579 (2008) @No $ @ @ Marwaha R.K., Tandon  N., Ashraf G.M., Ganguly S.K., Batra A., Aggarwal R., Kalaivani Mani,  and Singh S., Ultrasound evaluation of thyroid size: A large nationwide study of schoolchildren in India, Nat. Med. J. India, 21, 69–74 (2008) @No $ @ @ Zimmermann M.B., Hess  S.Y., Molinari L., De Benoist B., Delange F., Braverman L.E., Fujieda K., Ito Y., Jooste P.L., Moosa K., Pearce E.N., Pretell E.A. and Shishiba Y., New reference values for thyroid volume by ultrasound in iodine sufficient schoolchildren: a World Health Organization/Nutrition for Health and Development Iodine Deficiency Study Group Report, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 79, 231–7 (2004) @No $ @ @ Zimmermann M.B., Saad A., Hess S.Y., Torresani T. and Chaouki N.,Thyroid ultrasound compared with world health organization 1960 and 1994 palpation criteria for determination of goiter prevalence in regions of mild and severe iodine deficiency, Eur. J. Endocrinol., 143, 727–31 (2000) @No $ @ @ Tonglet R.,  Bourdoux P., Dramaix M., Hennart P. and Ermans A., Interobserver variation in the assessment of thyroid enlargement: a pitfall in surveys of the prevalence of endemic goiter, Food Nutr Bull,15, 64–70 (1994) @No $ @ @ Xu F., Sullivan K., Houston R., Zhao J., May W. and Maberly G.,Thyroid volumes in US and Bangladeshi schoolchildren: comparison with European schoolchildren,Eur. J. Endocrinol., 140, 498–504 (1999) @No $ @ @ Seker S. and Tag I.,Determination of Thyroid Volume and Its Relation with Isthmus Thickness,Eur JGen Med, 7(2), 125-1292010  10.Dunn J.T., Crutchfield H.E., Gutekunst R. and Dunn A.D.,Methods for Measuring Iodine in Urine, International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders,(1993) @No $ @ @ Dubois D. and Dubois E.F., Clinical colorimetry, Tenth paper, A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known, Archives of International Medicine,17, 863-871 (1916) @No $ @ @ Brunn J., Block U.,  Ruf G., Bos I., Kunze W.P. and Scriba P.C.,Volumetric analysis of thyroid lobes by real-time ultrasound, Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift,(106-41), 1338–1340 (1981) @No $ @ @ WHO, ICCIDD,Recommended normative values for thyroid volume in children aged 6 15 years, Bull. WHO, 75, 95-97 (1997) @No $ @ @ Zimmermann  M.B., Molinari  L., Spehl  M., Weidinger-Toth J., Podoba J., Hess S. and Delange F.,Towards a consensus on reference values of thyroid volume in iodine replete schoolchildren results of workshop on interobserver and interequipment variation in sonographic measurement of thyroid volume, Euro. J. Endo., 144, 213-20 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ancelle T.,Statistique épidémiologie,  édition, Paris : Maloine,300 (2006) @No $ @ @ Schwartz D.,  Statistique médicale et biologie,  édition, Paris : Flammarion, 125 (1985) @No $ @ @ Snu Benin, Bilan Commun de Pays. Système des Nations Unies au Bénin (2002) @No $ @ @ OMS, Série sur les micronutriments :Indicateurs d’évaluation des troubles  dus à la carence  en iode et de la lutte contre ces troubles par l’iodation du sel. Genève, WHO/NUTm (94.6), 50 (1994) @No $ @ @ Roti E.; Degli Uberti E., Iodine excess and hyperthyroidism, Thyroid., (11), 493–500 (2001) @No $ @ @ Aghini-Lombardi F., Antonangeli L., Pinchera A., Leoli F., Rago T. and Bartolomei A., Effect of iodized salt on thyroid volume of children living in an area previously characterized by moderate iodine deficiency, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 82, 1136–1139 (1997) @No $ @ @ Ivarsson S.A., Persson P.H. and Ericsson U.B., Thyroid gland volume as measured by ultrasonography in healthy children and adolescents in non-iodine deficient area, Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, (78), 633-634 (1989) @No $ @ @ Zimmermann M.B., Hess S.Y., Molinari L., de Benoist B.; Delange F. and Braverman L.E., New reference values for thyroid volume by ultrasound in iodine sufficient schoolchildren: a World Health Organization/Nutrition for Health and Development Iodine Deficiency Study Group Report, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 79, 231-7 (2004) @No $ @ @ 3. Ntambwekibambe T., Acakpo A., Ouedraogo A. and Salami M., Evaluation rapide des troubles dus à la carence en iode : le projet Thyromobil dans six pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest, Nutrition Third World Brussels, 51-62 (2004) @No 
<#LINE#>Screening and Isolation of Pectinase from Fruit and Vegetable Wastes and the Use of Orange Waste as a Substrate for Pectinase Production<#LINE#>Ramachandran@Sandhya,G.@Kurup<#LINE#>34-39<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-115.pdf<#LINE#>School of Bioscience, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills PO, Kottayam, Kerala, INDIA @ Muraleedharan, Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Karyavattam, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, INDIA<#LINE#>18/5/2013<#LINE#>31/6/2013<#LINE#>  Pectinase producing fungal strains were isolated from spoiled fruits, vegetables and soil. Of the thirteen strains isolated, Penicillium citrinum, obtained from rotten tomatoes, was found to be the most potent producer of pectinase. A comparative study on the production of pectinase under solid state and submerged fermentation systems as well as the effect of initial pH, temperature, various carbon and nitrogen sources and salts were also analyzed. Higher production of pectinolytic enzymes was observed under solid state fermentation at 30C and these enzymes were seen to have a constitutive nature. <#LINE#> @ @ Rombouts F. M and Pilnik W., Economic Microbiology. Pectic enzymes. In: Microbial Enzymes and Bioconversions, (Ed Rose, A. H.),  Academic Press, New York, (1980) @No $ @ @ Alkorta I., Llama M.J and Serra J. L., Interference by pectin in protein determination, Food Sci. Techno., 27, 39-41 (1994) @No $ @ @ Ward O.P., In Fermentation Biotechnology: Principles, Processes and Products John Wiley & Sons, New York, (1989) @No $ @ @ Jayashankar N.P. and Graham P.H., An agar plate method for screening and enumerating pectinolytic microorganisms, Can. J. Microbiol., 16, 1023 (1970) @No $ @ @ Maldonado M. C and Strasser de Saad A. M., Production of pectinesterase and polygalacturonase by Aspergillus nigerin submerged and solid state systems,  J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 20, 34-38 (1998) @No $ @ @ Nelson N., A photometric adaptation of the Somogyi method for determination of glucose, J. Biol. Chem., 153,375-380 (1944) @No $ @ @ Somogyi M, Notes on sugar determination, J. Biol. Chem., 195, 19-23 (1952) @No $ @ @ Ayers W. A., .Papavizas G. C and Diem A.,  Polygalacturonate trans-eliminase production by Rhizoctonia solani,  Phytopathol., 56, 1006-1011 (1966) @No $ @ @ Dubey R.C and Maheswari D.K., In Practical Microbiology, S. Chand and Company Ltd., Ram Nagar, New Delhi, (2002) @No $ @ @ Martin N., Souza S.R., Silva R and Gomes E., Pectinase production by fungal strain in solid-state fermentation using agro industrial bio product, Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol., 47(5), 813-819 (2004) @No $ @ @ Solis–Pereyra S., Favela–Torres E., Viniegra–Gonzalez G and Gutierrez – Rojas. M., Effect of different carbon sources on the synthesis of pectinase by Aspergillus nigerin solid state and submerged fermentations, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,  39, 36-41 (1993) @No $ @ @ Trejo-Hernandez  M. R., Oriol E., Lopez-Canales A., Roussos, S., Viniegra: Gonzalez G and Raimbault  M. Production of pectinase by Aspergillus niger by solid state fermentation on support, Micol Neotrop Appl., 4, 49-62 (1991) @No $ @ @ Suresh B and Viruthagiri T., Optimization and kinetics of pectinase enzyme using Aspergillus niger by solid state fermentation, Indian J. Sci. Technol.,  3(8), 867-870 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kunte S. and Shastri N.V., Study on extracellular production of pectolytic enzymes by a strain of Alternaria alternate,Indian J. Microbiol., 20(3), 211-215 (1980) @No $ @ @ Ferreira Viviani, De Silva, Roberto, Silva Denis, Gomes  eleni, Production of Pectate lyase by Penicillium viridicatum RFC3 in solid state and submerged fermentation, Int. J.Microbiol., DOI:10.1155/2010/276590, (2010) @No $ @ @ Lonsane B.K., Ghildyal N.P., Budiatman S. and Ramakrishna S.V., Engineering aspect of solid state fermentation, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 7, 258-265 (1985) @No $ @ @ Bailey M.J and  Pessa  E., Strain and process for production of polygalacturonase, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 12, 266-271 (1990) @No $ @ @ Said S., Fonseca M.J.V. and Siessere V., Pectinase production by Penicillium frequentans,World J Microbiol.  Biotechnol.,, 607-608 (1991) @No $ @ @ Teixeira M.F.S., Lima Filho J.L and Duran N., Carbon sources effect on pectinase production from Aspergillus japonicas 586. Braz. J Microbiol., 31, 286-290 (2000) @No $ @ @ Abbasi H.  and  Fazaelipoor M.H., Pectinase production in a defined medium using surface culture fermentation, Int. J Chem., 1(1), 5-10 (2010) @No $ @ @ Shastri P.N., Patil M. and Shastri N.V., Production, purification and properties of Geotrichum candidumpolygalacturonase: regulation of production by pyruvate. Indian J Biochem. Biophys., 25, 331-335 (1988) @No $ @ @ Das Arijit, Saurav Bhattacharya., Nimisha V. Reddy and Sundara Rajan S., Improved Production and Purification of Pectinase from Streptomyces sp. HBA10 isolated from Valapattanam mangrove habitat, Kerala, India, Int.R.J.Biol.Sci.,2(3), 16-22 (2013) @No $ @ @ Macfarlane G.T., Hay S., Macfarlane S and Gibson G.R., Effect of different carbohydrates on growth, polysaccharidase and glycosidase production by Bacteroides ovatus, in batch and continuous culture, J Appl. Bacteriol., 68, 179-187 (1990) @No $ @ @ Bahkali A.H., Production of cellulase, xylanase and polygalacturonase by Verticillium tricorpus on different substrates, Biores. Technol. , 51, 171-174 (1995) @No $ @ @ Sakellaris G., Nikolaropoulos S and Evangelopoulos, A.E., Polygalacturonase biosynthesis by Lactobacillus plantarum: effect of cultural conditions on enzyme production, J Appl. Bacteriol.,  65, 397-404 (1988) @No 
<#LINE#>Phytotoxic Effects of Cadmium on Seed Germination, Early Seedling Growth and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Cucurbita maxima Duchesne<#LINE#>Subin@M.P.,Francis@Steffy<#LINE#>40-47<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-125.pdf<#LINE#> PG Department of Botany and Research, Sree Narayana College, Nattika, Thrissur, Kerala, INDIA<#LINE#>24/5/2013<#LINE#>6/6/2013<#LINE#>The environment is constantly being polluted by the accumulation of heavy metal contaminants. This is a matter of serious concern as it adversely affects the health of humans and animals. These contaminants also pose a major threat to Agricultural sector. Cadmium is an important heavy metal extensively used in electronic and other industries. The present investigation was conducted to determine the phytotoxic effect of heavy metal cadmium on seed germination, early seedling growth and antioxidant enzymes activity of Cucurbitamaxima Duchesne. The different dilutions of cadmium (25ppm; 50ppm; 100ppm; 250ppm and 500ppm) were used. Various parameters considered for the study includes percent seed germination, root and shoot elongation, seedling size, fresh and dry weight, root/shoot ratio,  dry weight/fresh weight ratio, seedling vigor index, inhibition of seedling growth, tolerance index, activity of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. All the tested concentrations were found inhibitory in action with respect to all the parameters, with the exception of dry weight/fresh weight ratio and activities of antioxidant enzymes which were found to gradually increase as the concentration of cadmium increased. However a slight decline in antioxidant enzyme activities was recorded due to acute cadmium stress at higher level (s). The intensity of inhibitory effect on all other parameters was directly proportional to the concentration of cadmium solution employed and inhibition was more prominent at 250ppm and 500ppm. <#LINE#> @ @ Kabir M., Iqbal M.Z., Shafiq M. and Farooqi Z.R., Reduction in germination and seedling growth of Thespesiapopulnea L., caused by lead and cadmium treatments, Pak. J. Bot., 40(6), 2419-2426 (2008) @No $ @ @ Arun K.S., Cervantes C., Loza-Tavera H. and Avudainayagam S., Chromium toxicity in plants, Environ. Int., 31, 739-753 (2005) @No $ @ @ Gardea-Torresdey J.L., Polette L., Arteaga S., Tiemann K.J., Bibb J. and Gonzalez J.H., Determination of the content of hazardous heavy metals on Larrea tridentata grown around a contaminated area. Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual EPA Conf. On Hazardous Waste Research, Edited by L.R. Erickson, D.L. Tillison S.C. Grant and J.P. McDonald, Albuquerque, NM, 660 (1996) @No $ @ @ Patra M., Bhowmik N., Bandopadhyay B. and Sharma A., Comparison of mercury, lead and arsenic with respect to genotoxic effects on plant systems and the development of genetic tolerance, Environmental and Experimental Botany, 52(3), 199-223 (2004) @No $ @ @ Williams C.H. and David D.J., The effect of superphosphate on the cadmium content of soils and plants, Aust. J. Soil Res., 11, 43-56 (1973) @No $ @ @ Arduini I., Godbold D.L. and Onnis A., Cadmium and copper uptake and distribution in Mediterranean tree seedlings, Physiol. Plant., 97, 111-117 (1996) @No $ @ @ Wu L. and Lin S.L., Copper tolerance and copper uptake of Lotus purshianus (Benth.) and its symbiotic Rhizobium loti from a copper mine waste population, New Phytol., 11,531-539 (1990) @No $ @ @ ISTA., International Rules for Seed Testing, Rules 1996,  International Seed Testing Association (ISTA), Seed Science and Technology, 24 (supplement). 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Bergmeyer Academic Press, New York, 885 (1974) @No $ @ @ Reddy K.P., Subhani S.M., Khan P.A. and Kumar K.B., Effect of light and benzyl adenine on dark-treated growing rice leaves, II changes in peroxidase activity, Plant cell Physiol., 24, 987-994 (1995) @No $ @ @ Seyed Amir Moosavi1, Mohammad Hossain Gharineh1, Reza Tavakkol Afshari. and  Amin  Ebrahimi, Effects of Some Heavy Metals on Seed Germination Characteristics of Canola (Barassica napus), Wheat Triticum aestivum) and Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious) to Evaluate Phytoremediation Potential of These Crops, Journal of Agricultural Science, 4, 9 (2012) @No $ @ @ Breckle S.W. and Kahle H., Effect of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Ph) on growth and mineral nutrition of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Vegetation, 101, 43-53 (1992) @No $ @ @ Shafiq M., Zafar I.M. and Athar M., Effect of lead and cadmium on germination and seedling growth of Leucaena leucocephala, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. 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<#LINE#>Biomass productivity of Green Manure crop Sesbania cannabina Poir (Dhaincha) in different Planting Density Stress<#LINE#>Nitisha@Srivastava,Girjesh@Kumar<#LINE#>48-53<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-129.pdf<#LINE#>  Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, UP, INDIA<#LINE#>30/5/2013<#LINE#>18/6/2013<#LINE#>The present world is facing an acute shortage of biomass and developing countries require increase mass of firewood, fodder and fibres. In view of filling these requirements an increased investigation into fast growing, nitrogen fixing and fibre obtaining plant species has been required. Thus present study is an attempt to envisage the biomass productivity of Sesbania cannabina Poir. in different planting densities. Sesbania cannabina Poir. is a multipurpose leguminous crop with many unexplored economic uses. Environmental factors such as planting density greatly affect the biomass production of a plant species. Plant products such as leaves, fibres etc. are directly correlated with the biomass production of a plant species. Therefore it is important to study the effect of planting density on the biomass production of a plant. Planting densities affect various parameters of plants such as germination percentage, survival percentage, plant height, stem breadth, number of leaves, leaf length, pod length etc. Therefore present study is an attempt correlates the different planting densities with these morphological parameters. The present study was conducted at Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, India. The experiment was based on complete randomized block design with three replicates using five different planting densities viz. 1, 10, 25, 50 and 100. Means study showed that highest biological yield was achieved under plants within lowest density set. The results of this experiment showed that planting density is an important effective factor on quantity and morphological characteristics of plants that they can greatly affect yield of Sesbania cannabina Poir. <#LINE#> @ @ Kumar G. and Srivastava N., Gamma rays induced cytomorphological variations in Sesbania cannabina Poir, Cytologia, 76(4), 375-380 (2011) @No $ @ @ Allard R.W., History of plant population genetics, Annual of Review of Plant Genetics, 33, 1-27 (1999) @No $ @ @ Zhang W., Zhang H., Wang H. et al., Effects of spacings and planting densities on agronomic traits and yield in high-oil soybeans (J), Soybean Science (in Chinese), 25, 283- 287 (2006) @No $ @ @ Burdon J.J. and Chilvers G.A., Host density as a factor in plant diseased ecology, Annual Review of Phytopathology, 20, 143-166 (1982) @No $ @ @ Tu J.C., An integrated control of white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) of beans, with emphasis on recent advances in biological control, J. 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<#LINE#>Effect of Azodrin on the Testes of the Earthworm Eudichogaster kinneari (Stephenson): A Histological and Histochemical Profile<#LINE#>Leena@Lakhani<#LINE#>54-58<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-130.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, Govt. Girls P.G. College, Ujjain, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>30/5/2013<#LINE#>17/6/2013<#LINE#>Adult earthworms Eudichogaster kinneari were exposed to a safe concentration (0.5 ppm) of Azodrin for twenty days to evaluate the effect on different stages of spermatic follicles. Spermatogenesis was severely affected by exposure of above insecticide causing degeneration in tissues of spermatic follicles due to clumping, vacuolization and necrosis. Changes in histochemical reactions and significant reduction in size of spermatic follicles (p0.001) were also observed. <#LINE#> @ @ Darwin C.R., The formation of vegetablemould, through the action of worms, with observations on their habits, John Murry, London (1981) @No $ @ @ Edwards C.A, and Fletcher K.E., Interactions between earthworms and microorganisms in organic matter breakdown, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.,24, 235-247 (1988) @No $ @ @ Eriksen-Hamel N.S.and whalen J.K., Impacts of earthworms on soil nutrients and plant growth in soyabean and maize agro ecosystems, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 120,442- 448 (2007) @No $ @ @ Townsend Lee and potter Dan (Entomology) and Powell A.J. (Agronomy), Earthworms: Thatch – Busters, college of Agriculture, university of Ketucky (2007) @No $ @ @ Fingerman M., pollution our enemy keynote address, proc. Symp. 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<#LINE#>Identification and Characterization of the YGHL1 Gene from Yellowtail fish (Seriola quinqueradiata) and the evolution of the YGHL1/HIG1 family in Vertebrates<#LINE#>Shunnosuke@Abe,Suganthan@RaviNagganatha,Pratap@SahiVaidurya,Hayato@MoritaEugene<#LINE#>59-68<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-131.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratory of Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University,3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, JAPAN<#LINE#>3/6/2013<#LINE#>15/6/2013<#LINE#>A 1529bp full length cDNA of the yellowtail growth hormone like-1 (YGHL1) from Seriola quinqueradiata was cloned, and its structure, genomic organization and expression were analyzed. The yellowtail YGHL1 gene is composed of three coding exons and one 5' non-coding exon, with putative transcription factor binding sites present in upstream of the transcription site.  The YGHL1 in yellowtail fish was highly expressed in brain, gill, heart, and kidney, while no appreciable expression was observed in liver and skeletal muscle. This study also shows the phylogeny and evolution of the YGHL1/HIG1 orthologs in mammals and other vertebrates, by comparing their sequences and syntenic context. According to the deduced peptide sequence alignment, the “YGHL1/HIG1 exon 3 domain” peptide seems to be well conserved in the YGHL1/HIG1 gene family. Our data also suggest that an ancestral locus similar to YGHL1 in Ciona intestinalis underwent duplications to create orthologous loci of the YGHL1/HIG1 family in the vertebrates. The regions encoding the YGHL1/HIG1 paralogs in human and mouse were close to the regions where some homeostatically important genes are clustered. 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J., 365, 561-575 (2002) @No $ @ @ Böhne A., Darras A., D'Cotta H., Baroiller J-F., Galiana-Arnoux D. and Volff J-N., The vertebrate makorin ubiquitin ligase gene family has been shaped by large-scale duplication and retroposition from an ancestral gonad-specific, maternal-effect gene, BMC Genomics,11, 721 (2010) @No $ @ @ Dehal P., Satou Y., Campbell R.K., Chapman J., Degnan B., De Tomaso A., Davidson B., Di Gregorio A., Gelpke M., Goodstein D.M., Harafuji N., Hastings K.E., Ho I., Hotta K., Huang W., Kawashima T., Lemaire P., Martinez D., Meinertzhagen I.A., Necula S., Nonaka M., Putnam N., Rash S., Saiga H., Satake M., Terry A., Yamada L.,Wang HG., Awazu S., Azumi K., Boore J., Branno M., Chin-Bow S., DeSantis R., Doyle S., Francino P., Keys DN., Haga S., Hayashi H., Hino K., Imai KS., Inaba K., Kano S., Kobayashi K., Kobayashi M., Lee BI., Makabe KW., Manohar C., Matassi G., Medina M., Mochizuki Y., Mount S., Morishita T., Miura S., Nakayama A., Nishizaka S., Nomoto H., Ohta F., Oishi K., Rigoutsos I., Sano M., Sasaki A., Sasakura Y., Shoguchi E., Shin-i T., Spagnuolo A., Stainier D., Suzuki M.M., Tassy O., Takatori N.,Tokuoka M., Yagi K., Yoshizaki F., Wada S., Zhang C., Hyatt PD., Larimer F., Detter C., Doggett N., Glavina T., Hawkins T., Richardson P., Lucas S., Kohara Y., Levine M., Satoh N., Rokhsar D.S., The draft genome of Ciona intestinalis: insights into chordate and vertebrate origins, Science, 298, 2157– 2167 (2002) @No $ @ @ Guo D., Holmlund C., Henriksson R. and Hedman H., The LRIG gene family has three vertebrate paralogs widely expressed in human and mouse tissues, and a homolg in Ascidiacea, Genomics,84, 157–165 (2004) @No $ @ @ Coulier F., Popovici C., Villet R. and Birnbaum D., MetaHox gene clusters, J. Exp. Zool. 288, 345–351 (2000) @No $ @ @ Caron H., van Schaik B., van der Mee M., Baas F., Riggins G., van Sluis P., Hermus M.C., van Asperen R., Boon K.,Voute P.A., Heisterkamp S., van Kampen A., VersteegR., The human transcriptome map: Clustering of highly expressed genes in chromosomal domains, Science291, 1289 (2001) @No $ @ @ Hurst L.D., Pal C. and Lercher M.J., The evolutionary dynamics of eukaryotic gene order, Nat. Rev. Genet., , 299-310 (2004) @No $ @ @ Khaitovich P., Muetzel B., She X.W., Lachmann M., Hellmann I., Dietzsch J., Steigele S., Do H.H., Weiss G., Enard W., Heissig F., Arendt T., Nieselt-Struwe K., Eichler E.E. and Paabo S., Regional patterns of gene expression in human and chimpanzee brains, Genome Res., 14, 1462-1473 (2004) @No $ @ @ Liu C., Ghosh S., Searls D.B., Saunders A.M., Cossman J., Roses A.D., Clusters of adjacent and similarly expressed genes across normal human tissues complicate comparative transcriptomic discovery,Omics, , 351-363 (2005) @No $ @ @ Singer G.A., Lloyd A.T., Huminiecki L.B. and Wolfe K.H., Clusters of co-expressed genes in mammalian genomes are conserved by natural selection,Mol. Biol. 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<#LINE#>Assessment of six Mulberry (Morus) Germplasm varieties through Moulting and Bioassay parameters by using Crossbreed Silkworms Bombyx mori L. for Commercial Exploitation in Kolar District, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>Yogan@Veerapura,Narayanappaa@Murthy,Ramesh@HyadaluLingappa,Lokesh@Gangadharaiah,Muni@rajappa,Yadav@BangaloreRamakrishnaDayakar<#LINE#>69-75<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-134.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Life Sciences, Ganga Kaveri Institute of Science and Management, Rajajinagar, Bangalore-560021, Karnataka, INDIA @ Department of Sericulture, V.V.Pura College of Science, K.R. Road, Bangalore-560004, Karnataka, INDIA @ Silkworm Division, Central Tasar Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Ranchi-835303, Jharkhand, INDIA @ Department of Sericulture/Life Sciences, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore-560056, Karnataka, INDIA @ Mulberry Pathology Division, Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Central Silk Board, Mysore-570008, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>7/6/2013<#LINE#>16/7/2013<#LINE#>A critical assessment study comprising six mulberry germplasm varieties viz., Tr, Tr12, Tr20, Matigara black, Morus nigra and M was conducted at Bethamangala village in Bangarpet taluk, Kolar district for their leaf quality through economic characters of silkworms. Silkworm rearing experiments were performed using crossbreed (PM x NB) silkworms. Taxa studied differ significantly in respect of moulting and bioassay trials. Moulting test results revealed that, silkworm larvae reared on Tr8 mulberry leaves recorded highest values and lowest values were recorded in silkworm larvae reared on Morus nigra leaves both in I and II moult respectively. Silkworm rearing performance revealed that, silkworms reared on Trmulberry leaves proved better and lower values were observed in silkworms reared on Morus nigra leaves in all the bioassay parameters. From the results, it is proved that, mulberry variety Tr turns out to be a superior in moulting and bioassay tests compared to other varieties studied under the same agro climatic conditions.    <#LINE#> @ @ Adolkar V.V., Raina S.K. and Kimbu D.M., Evaluation of various mulberry Morus spp. (Moraceae) cultivars for the rearing of the bivoltine hybrid race Shaanshi BV-333 of the silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), Int. J. Trop. 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Oxford and IBH publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd, 66 Janpath New Delhi, India, 376 (1994) @No $ @ @ Krishnamurthy K.C., Mulberry cultivation in the tropics, Asian women in tropical sericulture, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, ST/ESCAP/247, 12-13 (1983) @No $ @ @ Ravikumar C., Western ghat as a bivoltine region prospects, challenges and strategies for its development, Indian Silk, 26(9), 39-54 (1988) @No $ @ @ Benchamin K.V. and Nagaraj C.S., Silkworm rearing techniques, In: Appropriate sericulture techniques, Ed. by M.S. 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Seric., 18(1), 1-5 (1979) @No $ @ @ Thangamani R. and Vivekanandan M., Physiological studies and leaf nutrient analysis in the evaluation of best mulberry variety, Sericologia, 24, 317-324 (1984) @No $ @ @ Bari M.A., Qaiyyum M.A. and Ahmed S.U., Correlation studies in mulberry (Morus alba L.), Indian J. Seric., 28(1),11-16 (1989) @No $ @ @ Narayanan E.S., Kasiviswanathan K. and Iyengar M.N.S., Effect of varietal feeding, irrigation levels and nitrogen fertilization on larval development and cocoon characters of Bombyx mori L., Indian J. Seric., 5, 13-17 (1966) @No $ @ @ Iwanari Y. and Ohno Y., Rearing experiments of silkworms on the artificial diets composed mainly of the mulberry leaf powder harvested on the late autumnal and thereafter season, J.Seric. Sci., Japan. 38, 307-315 (1969) @No $ @ @ Venugopala Pillai S. and Jolly M.S., An evaluation on the quality of mulberry varieties raised under hill conditions and the crop results of Bombyx mori L. Indian J. Seric., 24(2), 48-52 (1985) @No $ @ @ Das P.K. and Vijayaraghavan., Studies on the effect of different mulberry varieties and seasons on the larval development and cocoon characters of silkworm Bombyx mori L. Indian J. Seric., 29(1),44-53 (1990) @No $ @ @ Krishnaswami S., Kumararaj S., Vijayaraghavan K. and Kasiviswanathan K., Silkworm feeding trials for evaluating the quality of mulberry leaves as influenced by variety, spacing and nitrogen fertilization, Indian J. Seric., 10, 79-90 (1971) @No $ @ @ Chaluvachari and Bongale U.D., Leaf quality evaluation of selected mulberry genotypes by biochemical and bioassay studies, Proc.Fourth All India Conf. Cytology and Genetics, Bangalore, India, 121-124 (1994) @No $ @ @ Chaluvachari and Bongale U.D., Bioassay moulting response of silkworm Bombyx mori L. in relation to leaf nutritive constituents in mulberry (Morus spp.) genotypes,Indian J. Seric.,35(2), 160-162 (1996) @No $ @ @ Mishra R.K., Choudhury P.C., Mathur V.B. and Ghosh A., Studies on the development of package of cultivation for mulberry garden exclusively for young age silk worm rearing, Indian J. Seric., 35, 10-18 (1996) @No $ @ @ Sujathamma P., Savithri G. and Dandin S.B., Evaluation of mulberry (Morus spp.) genotypes suitable for chawki rearing, Proc.Natl.Semi.Tropical Seric., Bangalore, India, 132-135 (1999) @No $ @ @ Mallikarjunappa R.S., Venkateshaiah H.V., Bongale U.D., Chandrakala M.V. and Chaluvachari., Evaluation of improved mulberry genotypes for production of leaf suitable for young age silkworm rearing, with annual 12 leaf harvest schedule, Indian J. Seric., 39(2), 122-126 (2000) @No $ @ @ Verma S.K. and Kushwaha K.S., Comparative growth of the silkworm, Bombyx mori race Bulupolu reared on different mulberry varieties, Indian J. Agric. Sci., 40(12),1079-1107 (1970) @No $ @ @ Sengupta K., Singh B.D. and Mustafi J.C., Nutrition of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. I. Studies on the enrichment of mulberry leaf with various sugars, proteins, amino acids and vitamins for vigorous growth of the worm and increased cocoon crop protection, Indian J. Seric., 11, 11-27 (1972) @No $ @ @ Venugopala Pillai S., Krishnaswami S. and Kasiviswanathan K., Growth studies in silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.) under tropical conditions II, Influence of agronomical methods of mulberry on the growth, cocoon crop and fecundity of silkworm, Indian J. Seric., 27(1), 32-45 (1987) @No $ @ @ Govindan R., Magadum S.B., Bhemanna C. and Narayanaswamy T.K., Influence of mulberry varieties on cocoon weight, ovariole length, ovariole egg number and fecundity in silkworm Bombyx mori L., Sericologia, 27(1),25-30 (1987) @No $ @ @ Bhemanna C., Performance of bivoltine breeds of silkworm Bombyx mori L. on different varieties of mulberry, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, (1988) @No $ @ @ Tayade D.S., Jawale M.D. and Unchegaonkar P.K., Evaluation of some improved strains of mulberry by feeding experiments under Maratawada conditions, Indian J. Seric.,27(1), 92-94 (1988) @No $ @ @ Dar H.U., Singh T.P. and Das B.C., Evaluation of mulberry varieties by feeding to Bombyx mori., Indian J. Seric., 27(1), 16-22 (1988) @No $ @ @ Fotadar R.K., Ahsan M.M., Dhar K.L. and Bhakuni B.S., Evaluation and utilization of genetic variability in mulberry, Indian J. Seric., 28(2), 150-158 (1989) @No $ @ @ Sathyanarayana Raju Ch., Pallavi S.N., Reddy M.M., Suryanarayana N., Singhal B.K. and Sengupta K., Evaluation of four new mulberry varieties through silkworm rearing under irrigated condition, Indian J. Seric., 29(2), 240-247 (1990) @No $ @ @ Saratchandra B., Rajanna L., Philomena K.L., Paramesha C., Ramesh S.P., Jayappa T. and Sabitha M.G., An evaluation of elite mulberry varieties for yield and quality through bio-assay, Sericologia, 32(1), 127-134 (1992) @No $ @ @ Das B.K., Saker J., Das C., Das N.K. and Sen S.K., Seasonal effects on the relative performance of five bivoltine breeds of silkworm Bombyx mori L., Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 15(2), 91-96 (1995) @No $ @ @ Changalarayappa and Chinnaswamy K.P., Influence of mulberry varietal feeding sequences on growth and development of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) breeds, Proc. Natl. Semi. Tropical Seric., Bangalore, India, 204-205 (1999) @No $ @ @ Vage M.N. and Ashoka J., Performance of fifth instar silkworm of PM x NB on tender shoot feeding for larval and cocoon yield traits, Proc.Natl.Semi.Tropical Seri.,Bangalore, India, 97-99 (1999) @No $ @ @ Rachotaiah M., Narahari Rao B.V., Prabhuraj D.K. and Dandin S.B., Status of biochemical constituents in four mulberry varieties grown under rainfed condition and their effect on silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Natl. Conf. Stra. Seri. Res. Devpt., Mysore, India, 41 (2000) @No $ @ @ Chakravorty R. and Borgohain P.N., Identification of an improved mulberry variety suitable for north eastern part of India, Indian J. Seric., 39(1), 74-75 (2000) @No $ @ @ Rahman M.S., Doss S.G., Vijayan K. and Roy B.N., Performance of the mulberry variety S1635 under three systems of planting in West Bengal, Indian J. Seric., 38(2),165-167 (1999) @No $ @ @ Santosha Gowda V. Patil., Evaluation of promising genotype S1635 under irrigated conditions, Indian Silk, 41(2),7-9 (2002) @No $ @ @ Sujathamma P., Dandin S.B. and Savithri G., Quality evaluation of mulberry (Morus spp.) genotypes through bioassay under Royalaseema conditions of Andhra Pradesh, Indian J. Seric., 40(1), 27-34 (2001) @No $ @ @ Fonseca T.C., Almeida J.E. and Fonseca A.S., Effect of mulberry selection on silkworm feeding. Sericologia, 30(4),475-477 (1990) @No $ @ @ Giridhar K. and Reddy S.N., Effective rate of rearing in bivoltine silkworm, Bombyx mori breeds on different mulberry, Morus sp. Varieties, Indian J. Seric., 30(1), 88-90 (1991) @No $ @ @ Seidavi A., Evaluation of the genetic potential of six native strains of silkworm Bombyx mori L. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(20), 4816-4823 (2011) @No $ @ @ Gangwar S.K., Impact of varietal feeding of eight mulberry varieties on Bombyx mori L. 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@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Unani Description of Duqu (Peucedanum grande C.B Clarke) and its Scientific Report<#LINE#>Adiba@Mehar,Najeeb@Jahan,Hussain@Tabarak<#LINE#>76-79<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-132.pdf<#LINE#> Dept of Ilmul Advia, NIUM, Bangalore, INDIA @ Dept of Ilmul Advia, HMSUMC, Tumkur, INDIA <#LINE#>5/6/2013<#LINE#>19/7/2013<#LINE#>Plants have played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of diseases since prehistoric times. WHO estimates that 65%-80% of the world’s population use traditional medicines, as their primary form of health care and most of the diseases have been treated by administration of plant or plant products. Duqu (Peucedanum grande C.B Clarke) is most useful herbal medicinal plant remove these words its fruits possess medicinal property. During the last few years the phytochemistry of the Duqu is been achieved regarding the biological activity and its medicinal applications. It is now considered as a natural product for development of medicines against various diseases and also for the development of industrial products. This review, gives a keen view on its biological activities, pharmacological actions, medicinal application, safety evaluation and its  isolated compounds. <#LINE#> @ @ Anonymous. Medicinal Plants of India, New Delhi Indian Council of Medical research, (2), 398,399 (1987) @No $ @ @ Sina., Al Qanoon Fil Tibb., New Delhi, Idare Kitabusshifa, Darya Ganj, (2), 124, 230, 257, 320 (YNM) @No $ @ @ Rushd.,  Kitabul Kulliyath., CCRUM, New Delhi, 97, 98, 99, 273 (YNM) @No $ @ @ Tariq HNA. Tajul Mufradath. New Delhi Idarae Kitabusshifa Darya Ganj, 362 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra JC. Glossary of Indian Medicinal plants. New Delhi National Institute of Science communication and Information Resources, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, 189, (2002) @No $ @ @ Ali HSS. Unani Adviae Mufarrada. Delhi Lahoti Print Aids, 10 ed (2004) @No $ @ @ Aslam M, Dayal R, Javed K, Fahamiya N, Mujeeb M, Husain A. Development of quality standards and phytochemical analysis of Peucedanum grande  C.B Clarke, American Journal of PharmTech Research, 536-540 (2012) @No $ @ @ http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Wild%20Carrot.html (2013) @No $ @ @ http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1623&parname=0 (2013) @No $ @ @ Khare CP. Indian medicinal plants. An illustrated Dictionery, New Delhi Springer, 470 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ghani N. Khazainul Advia, New Delhi, Idarae Kitabusshifa Darya Ganj, 698 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hakim H.A., Bustanul Mufradath. Idarae Kitabusshifa Darya Ganj, New Delhi, 123 (YNM) 13.Kabiruddin HM. Moghzanul mufradath. New Delhi Idarae Kitabusshifa Darya Ganj, 223 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kabiruddin HM., Ilmul Adviae Nafeesi, New Delhi Ejaaz Publishing House Darya Ganj, (2007) @No $ @ @ Aslam M, Ahmad ST, Dayal R, Javid K, Umar S, Asiaf A et al. Nephroprotective action of  Peucedanum grande against cadmium chloride induced renal toxicity in Wistar rats, EXCLI Journal, 11, 444-452 (2012) @No $ @ @ Aslam M., Ahmad S.T., Asiaf A., Javid K., Dayal R. and Singh S., Peucedanum grande attenuates acute renal failure and oxidative stress induced by Mercuric chloride in rodents, American Journal of PharmTech., 2(3), 772- 782 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kabiruddin H.M., Bayaze khasul ilajul amraaz, New Delhi Ejaz publication house, Darya ganj New Delhi, 573, 574 (2006) @No $ @ @ Anonymous, Ramooze Azam, , (YNM) @No $ @ @ Anonymous. National Formulary of Unani Medicine. 1st ed, Part 3: Dept of ISMH, New Delhi; 134. (2002) @No $ @ @ Razi ZA. Kitabul mansoori. Urdu translation. India, CCRUM, 377 (925) @No $ @ @ Jurjani AH. Zakhire khwarzam shahi. Urdu translation by Khan HHH. Idare kitabussifa, New Delhi. , 549 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kabeeruddin H.M., Bayaz-e-Kabeer, Lahore,  Siddiqi Publications, , 291 (YNM) @No $ @ @ Anonymous, The wealth of India, A dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products, Council of scientific and industrial research, New Delhi (7), 830  @No $ @ @ Jagtap A, Sancheti JS, Phadke AS. Antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity of ethanolic extract of Emblica ribes. Int J. Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, 2 (3), 150-156 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Medicinal Property of Murraya  Koenigii- A Review<#LINE#>RajeshKumar@Shah,Loveleena@Das,Godwin@Sangma<#LINE#>80-83<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-092.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, DHSK College, Dibrugarh, INDIA  @ Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, INDIA @ Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat, INDIA<#LINE#>25/4/2013<#LINE#>4/6/2013<#LINE#>  The medicinal plants are almost the exclusive source of drugs for majority of world population today. People want to use herbal drugs because they are considered as safe, inexpensive and have no adverse effects. Plants are also very useful because they can self-generate and can produce a range of beneficial bioactive products. Murraya koenigii belongs to family Rutaceae which can be used as medicines to cure various ailments. It is seen that the different tribal communities have used the various parts of this plant. The present review is an attempt to highlight various ethno-botanical and traditional use as well as phytochemical reports of Murraya koenigii. <#LINE#> @ @ Ajay S., Rahul S., Sumit G., Paras M., Mishra A. and  Gaurav A.,Comprehensive review: Murraya koenigii Linn, Asian J Pharm and Life Sci., 1(4), 417-425 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ambuja S.K.S. and  Shah R.K., Study of the Ethnomedicinal system of local people of Dibrugarh Assam, Inter J Pharma  Inn., 2(2), 17-28 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hill A.F., Economic botany: a textbook of useful plants and plant products, McGarw-Hill Book Company Inc, NY, (1952) @No $ @ @ Mhaskar K.S., Blatter E. and Caius J.F. in Kirtikar and Basu’s Illustrated Indian Medicinal Plants Their Usage in Ayurveda and Unani Medicine, Vol.- 3, Shri Satguru Publication, Delhi,  656-659 (2000) @No $ @ @ Parmar C. and Kaushal M.K., In; Wild Fruits, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 45-48 (1982) @No $ @ @ Das Roy M., Taxonomy, distribution and morphology of two indigenous drugs Murraya paniculata and Murraya koenigii. 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@Mini Review Paper
<#LINE#>Human Health Benefits from fish Consumption and Environmental Toxicity issues in Fish Flesh<#LINE#>Subha@Ganguly<#LINE#>84-85<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-104.pdf<#LINE#> AICRP on Post Harvest Technology (ICAR), Department of Fish Processing Technology, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 5, Budherhat Road, P.O. Panchasayar, Chakgaria, Kolkata - 700 094, WB, INDIA <#LINE#>9/5/2013<#LINE#>18/6/2013<#LINE#>  The oily fishes act as potential source of fish oil containing rich content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Fishes namely, salmon, herring, mackerel, anchovies and sardines which inhabit the cold waters serve as rich source of fish oil. On the contrary, the tunas have comparatively lesser concentration of omega-3 acids present in them. The intake of fish oil has enormous implications in overall health status of the consumers. Heavy metals possess high density and toxicity towards living beings. Heavy metals like arsenic, chromium, lead and mercury are point popular and relevant. Heavy metals constitute the crust of the earth which resists degradation. Human get inflicted with heavy metals through the agency of food, water and atmosphere. Mercury poisoning by eating fishes is a prominent cause for public health hazard.  <#LINE#> @ @ American Heart Association, Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acids (2007) @No $ @ @ Nair G.M. and Connolly S.J., Should patients with cardiovascular disease take fish oil?, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 178(2), 181–82 (2008) @No $ @ @ Su, Kuan-Pin, Huang, Shih-Yi, Chiu, Chih-Chiang, Shen and Winston W., Omega-3 fatty acids in major depressive disorder, European Neuropsychopharmacology, 13(4), 267-71 (2003) @No $ @ @ Laurance Jeremy, Fish supplements may reduce risk of cancer, The Independent (London),(2010) @No $ @ @ Yehuda Shlomo, Rabinovitz Sharon and Mostofsky David I., Mixture of essential fatty acids lowers test anxiety, Nutritional Neuroscience,8(4), 265–67 (2005) @No $ @ @ Cleland Leslieg, James Michaelj and Proudman Susannam, Arthritis Research & Therapy, 8, 679–81 (2006) @No $ @ @ Falk-Petersen S.S. et al., Lipids and fatty acids in ice algae and phytoplankton from the Marginal Ice Zone in the Barents Sea, Polar Biology, 20(1), 41–47 (1998) @No $ @ @ Bousquet M., Saint-Pierre M., Julien C., Salem N., Cicchetti F. and Calon F., Beneficial effects of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on toxin-induced neuronal degeneration in an animal model of Parkinson's disease, The FASEB Journal, 22(4), 1213–25 (2007) @No $ @ @ Zhang W., Hu X., Yang W., Gao Y. and Chen J., Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Confers Long-Term Neuroprotection Against Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury Through Anti-Inflammatory Actions, Stroke, 41(10), 2341–47 (2010) @No $ @ @ Jensen Craig L., Voigt, Robert G., Llorente Antolin M., Peters Sarika U., Prager Thomas C., Zou Yali L., Rozelle Judith C., Turcich Marie R. et al., Effects of Early Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Intake on Neuropsychological Status and Visual Acuity at Five Years of Age of Breast-Fed Term Infants, The Journal of Pediatrics, 157(6), 900–05 (2010) @No