@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Wetland Plant, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Lotus) serving as a Habitat for Macroinvertebrates<#LINE#>K.@Bangotra,B.@Kaur,S.@Andotra<#LINE#>1-5<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-060.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu, J&K 180006, INDIA <#LINE#>14/3/2013<#LINE#>24/4/2013<#LINE#>The present communication deals with the study of association of macroinvertebrate fauna with a wetland plant, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Lotus) during the period extending from July, 2010 to June, 2011. The present study revealed association of 3 phyla with Nelumbo nucifera viz., Annelida (18.34%), Arthropoda (53.32%) and Mollusca (28.52%) constituting a total of 2388 organisms/m. The macroinvertebrates were found to utilize Nelumbo vegetation as their habitat as different stages of their life cycle viz., eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were observed to show an intimate relationship with the plant. Statistical analysis was done and Physico-chemical parameters were also analysed which showed well marked seasonal fluctuations.<#LINE#> @ @ Sharma S.C. and Goel A.K., Philosophy and Science of theIndian Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), Millennium Issue – January, 6 (1), (2000) @No $ @ @ Giere O., Meiobenthology, The microscopic fauna inaquatic sediments. Springer-verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris, Tokya, Hong Kong, Bracelona, Budapest, 328 (1993) @No $ @ @ Armitage P.D., Pardo I. and Brown A., Temporary constancy of faunal assemblages in mesohabitatsApplication to management? – Arch. Hydrobiol., 133(3), 367-387 (1995) @No $ @ @ Harper D.M., River bottom habitats: biological reality and practical value in river management, Folia. Fac. Sci. Nat. Univ. 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Oxford and IBH publishing Co., New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, 341 (1980) @No $ @ @ Adoni A.D., Workbook on Limnology, Pratibha Publishers, C–10 Gour Nagar, Sagar, India (1985) @No $ @ @ Mohan V.C., Sharma K.K. and Sharma A., Limnological profile of Chenani Hydroelectric Reservoir, its connecting channel and River Tawi in Udhampur district of J&K, India, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(3), 76-79 (2013) @No $ @ @ Arimoro F.O., Ikomi R.B. and Efemuna E., Macroinvertebrate community patterns and diversity in relation to water quality status of river Ase, Niger Delta, Nigeria, Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2(5), 337–344 (2007) @No $ @ @ Naidu K.V., Kalpana K. and Kumar S., Aquatic oligochaetes from among the roots of Eichhornia crassipes Solms, Hydrobiologia, 76, 103 – 112 (1981) @No $ @ @ Poi de Neiff A. and Carignam R., Macroinvertebrates on Eichhornia crassipes roots in two lakes of Parana Riverflood plain, Hydrobiologia, 345, 185 – 196 (1997) @No $ @ @ Bouchard R.W.Jr., Guide to aquatic macroinvertebrates of the Upper Midwest Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN., 208 (2004) @No $ @ @ Parikh A.N. and Mankodi P.C., Limnology of Sama Pond, Vadodara City, Gujarat, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(1), 16-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Uchida T., Some ecological observations on water mites, Journal of the faculty of science Hokkaido imperial university, Zoology, 1(4), 143-165 (1932) @No $ @ @ Whiteman N. and Sites R.W., Aquatic Polyphaga (Coleoptera) state records from the Missiouri Prairie region, Journal of the Kanas Entomological Society, 74(2), 101 – 105 (2001) @No $ @ @ da Silva F.L., Oliveira H.R.N., Escarpinati S.C., Fonseca - Gessner A.A. and Paula M.C.D., Colonisation of leaf litter of two aquatic macrophytes, Mayaca fluviatilis Aublet and Salvinia auriculata Aublet by aquatic macroinvertebrate in atropical reservoir, An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(1), 30 – 39 (2011) @No $ @ @ Woods, H.A. and Podolsky, R.D., Photosynthesis drives oxygen levels in macrophyte - associated gastropod egg masses, Biol. 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<#LINE#>Evolutionary Analysis and Motif Discovery in Rhodopsin from Vertebrates<#LINE#>Akash@Kumar,DwivediVivek@Dhar<#LINE#>6-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-062.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Bioinformatics, Uttaranchal College of Science and Technology, Dehradun, INDIA @ Forest Pathology Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, INDIA <#LINE#>17/3/2013<#LINE#>5/4/2013<#LINE#>In the present investigation, total twenty different protein sequences of rhodopsin from different organisms of vertebrates were obtained from GenPept database and only 347 characters of each sequence were considered for motif discovery, motif family analysis and phylogenetic analysis. Three different motifs were discovered by MEME program. The Pfam analysis of these motifs result revealed that two motifs belonged to 7 transmembrane receptor family. Two major clusters of all retrieved sequences were obtained after phylogenetic analysis. <#LINE#> @ @ Humphries P., Kenna P. and Farrar G.J., On the molecular genetics of retinitis pigmentosa, Science, 256 (5058),  804–(1992) @No $ @ @ Edwards S.C., Involvement of cGMP and calcium in the photoresponse in vertebrate photoreceptor cells, The Journal of the Florida Medical Association, 82(7),  485–8 (1995) @No $ @ @ Maghtheh M., Gregory C., Inglehearn C., et al., Rhodopsin mutations in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa, Hum. Mutat.,2(4),  249–55 (1993) @No $ @ @ Garriga P., Manyosa J., The eye photoreceptor protein rhodopsin. Structural implications for retinal disease,  FEBS Lett., 528(1–3), 17–22 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kumar S., Dudley J., Nei M., and Tamura K.,MEGA: a biologist-centric software for evolutionary analysis ofDNAand protein sequences, Briefings in Bioinformatics, , 299-306 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bailey T.L. and Elkan C., Unsupervised learning of multiple motifs in biopolymers using expectation maximization, Mach Learn, 21(51), 80-33 (1995) @No $ @ @ Punta M., Coggill P.C., Eberhardt R.Y., Mistry J., Tate J., Boursnell C., Pang N., Forslund K., Ceric G., Clements J., Heger A., Holm L.,  Sonnhammer E.L.L., Eddy S.R., Bateman A., and Finn R.D.  The Pfam Protein Families Database, Nucleic Acids Research Database (2012) @No $ @ @ Thompson J.D., Higgins D.G., Gibson T.J., CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice, Nucleic Acids Res., 22(22), 4673-80 (1994) @No $ @ @ Dwivedi V.D., Arora S., Kumar A. and Mishra S.K., Computational analysis of xanthine dehydrogenase enzyme from different source organisms, Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, DOI : 10.1007/s13721-013-0029-7(2012) @No $ @ @ Dhar D.V., Tanuj S., Kumar M.S. and Kumar P.A., Insights to Sequence Information of Lactoylglutathione Lyase Enzyme from Different Source Organisms, I. Res. J. Biological Sci., 1(6), 38-42 (2012) @No $ @ @ Dhar D.V., Tanuj S., Amit P. and Kumar M.S., Insights to Sequence Information of Alpha Amylase Enzyme from Different Source Organisms, International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 1(1), 87-91 (2012) @No 
<#LINE#>A study over pattern of Zinc Tolerance among Rhizobial isolates of Trifolium alexandrinum<#LINE#>Gauri,AshokKumar@Singh,ManjinderKaur@Bedi,Siddhique@Zeeshan<#LINE#>12-18<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-065.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Dolphin (PG) Institute of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Manduwala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, INDIA<#LINE#>20/3/2013<#LINE#>2/5/2013<#LINE#>All over the world Heavy metal pollution of soil is a severe environmental problem and has drastically increased due to beginning of industrillization. This pollution affects the growth ,morphology and metabolic activities of soil microorganisms through functional disturbance of enzyme activities and protein denaturation. Organisms which can resist such conditions provides  an economical and cheap alternative technology to clean up heavy metal contaminated soils. Characterisation, CFU/ml counts , biomass yield., enzymes (cellulase and amylase) and proteins of zinc tolerant   and sensitive Rhizobium sp. In the present study bacteria were isolated from the Barseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) root nodules. On the basis of colonial, morphological, biochemical and nodulation ability it was found that all the isolates belongs to Rhizobium species. On the basis of CFU/ml counts and biomass yield zinc sensitive isolates were selected  Based on the above parameters, it was concluded that the strain R1 is most sensitive and the strain R2 is tolerant to zinc. The tolerant strain produces an increased amount of the enzymes (cellulase and amylase) and proteins than the sensitive strain. The similarity coefficient calculated revealed that the tolerant and the commercial (MTCC 905) strains are 72.3% similar. The R2 strain had the highestlevel of enzymes (cellulase and amylase) and proteins. <#LINE#> @ @ Adriano, D.C., Trace elements in terrestrial environments; Biochemistry, bioavailability and risks of metals. SpringerVerlag, New York.2nd Edition,866 (2001) @No $ @ @ Gianfreda L., Rao M.A., Piotrowska A., Palumbo G. and Colombo C., Soil enzymes activities as affected by anthropogenic alterations: intensive agricultural practices and organic pollution, Science of Total Environ, 341, 256-279 (2005) @No $ @ @ Dick W.A. and Tabatabai M.A., Potential uses of soil enzymes. In: metting B editor. Soil Microbial ecology, New York : Marcel Dekke: 95-127 (1992) @No $ @ @ Bandick A.K. and Dick R.P., Field management effects on soil enzyme activities, Soil Biol and Biochem, 31, 1471-1479 (1999) @No $ @ @ Heaton A.C.P., Rugh C.L., Wang N.J. and Meagher R.B., Phytoremediation of mercury- and methylmercury-polluted soils using genetically engineered plants, J Soil Contamination, 7, 497-509 (1998) @No $ @ @ Chaudri A.M., Lawlor K., Preston S., Paton G.I., Killham K. and McGrath S.P., Response of a Rhizobium-based biosensor to Zn and Cu in soil solutions from sewage sludge treated soils, Soil Biol and Biochem, 32, 383-388 (2000) @No $ @ @ Smith S.R., Rhizobium in soils contaminated with copper and zinc following the long-term application of sewage sludge and other organic wastes, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 29, 1475-1489 (1997) @No $ @ @ Nies D.H., The cobalt, zinc, and cadmium efflux system CzcABC from Alcaligenes eutrophus functions as a cationproton antiporter in Escherichia coli. J Bac, 177, 2707-12 (1995) @No $ @ @ Singh B., Kaur R. and Singh K., Characterization of Rhizobium strain isolated from Trigonella foenumgraecum (Fenugreek), African J. Biotech., 7(20), 3671-3676 (2008) @No $ @ @ Holt J.G., Krieg N.R., Sneath P.H.A., Staley J.T. and Williams S.T., In Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Williams and Wilkins Press, Baltimore, USA (1994) @No $ @ @ Vincent J.M., A manual for the practical study of rootnodule bacteria. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1970) @No $ @ @ Miller G.L., Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar, Anal. Chem., 31, 426 (1959) @No $ @ @ Lowry D.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L. and Randall R.J., Protein determination of the Lowry Assay, J. Biol. Chem., 193, 265-275 (1951) @No $ @ @ Lupwayi N. and Haque I., Legume-Rhizobium Technology Manual. 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Bacteriol., 49, 516-517(1945)@No $ @ @ Bogic M., Dusica D., Olivera S., Natasa R., Dorde K. and Dragana J., Effects of heavy metals on rhizobial growth,Roumanian Biotechnology Letters, 11(6), 2995-3003 (2006) @No $ @ @ Gauri, Singh A.K., Bhatt R.P., Pant S. and Bedi M., Effect of Zinc on nodulation and growth parameters of Trifolium alexandrinum, Crop Res. 40(1,2&3), 186-191 (2010) @No $ @ @ Angle, J. and Chaney R., Heavy metal effects on soil populations and heavy metal tolerance of Rhizobium meliloti, nodulation and growth of alfalfa, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 57, 597-604 (1991) @No $ @ @ Arlem Nascimento de Oliveira, Luiz Antonio de Oliviria and Jerusa Souza Andrade., Partial characterization of amylases of two indigenous Central Amazonian rhizobia strains, Braz. Arch. Boil. 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<#LINE#>Ecology and Population Status of Hog Deer from Narowal, Pakistan<#LINE#>Iqbal@Mahboob,Prince@Atif,MuhammadAkbar@Khan,Nayyer@AbdulQayyum,Akhtar@Muhammad<#LINE#>19-24<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-066.pdf<#LINE#>Zoology Department, Science College, Wahdat Road, Lahore, PAKISTAN @ Zoology Department, University of the Punjab, Lahore, PAKISTAN @ Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffrabad, PAKISTAN<#LINE#>21/3/2013<#LINE#>9/4/2013<#LINE#>Present study was conducted to determine the habitat as well as the population estimation of Hog deer from the border belt game reserve of the Narowal district, Punjab, Pakistan. The direct observation calculates 163 Hog deer and the indirect method calculates 165 Hog deer from the total area of the border belt game reserve. The vegetation frequency of the area shows that the herbs were dominated over the other plant species, however the maximum cover provided to Hog deer was by three species of plants: Acacia nilotica, Dalbergia sisso and Prosopis chilensis. The relative density, relative frequency and relative cover were calculated to determine the importance value of the vegetation. <#LINE#> @ @ Azam M.M., Khan S.A. and Qamar S., Distribution and population of Hog deer in district Sanghar, Sindh, Rec. Zool. Surv. Pak., 14, 5-10 (2002) @No $ @ @ Maan M.A. and Chaudhry A.A., Wildlife diversity in the Punjab, Pakistan, J. Biological Sciences,1(5), 417-420 (2001) @No $ @ @ IUCN, IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, (1996) @No $ @ @ Dhungal S.K. and Gara W.B., Ecology of Hog Deer in Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal, Wild. Mono.119, 1-40 (1991) @No $ @ @ Biswas T., Habitat utilization by Hog deer (Axisporcinus) in relation to other sympatric species at Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary. M.Sc. Thesis, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujrat, India (1999) @No $ @ @ Ahmed M.F. and Ghalib S.A., A Checklist of Mammals of Pakistan, Rec. Zool. Sur. Pak., VI(1-2), 1-34 (1975) @No $ @ @ Roberts T.J., The Mammals of Pakistan (Revised ed.), Ernest Benn. Ltd. London, 1-361 (1997) @No $ @ @ Hussain F., Field and Labortary Manual of Plant Ecology, National Academy of Higher Education, Univ. Grants Commission, Islamabad, 27-83 (1983) @No
<#LINE#>Dynamic of Sacoglottis gabonensis – Aucoumea klaineana couple in the Congolese coast Forest (Brazzaville – Congo)<#LINE#>V.@Kimpouni,J.@Loumeto,J.@Mizingou<#LINE#>25-29<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-081.pdf<#LINE#>École normale supérieure, Université Marien Ngouabi, B.P. 237, Brazzaville, CONGO @ Faculté des sciences, Université Marien Ngouabi, B.P. 2820, Brazzaville, CONGO @ Service National de Reboisement, B.P 839, Pointe-Noire, CONGO<#LINE#>11/4/2013<#LINE#>24/5/2013<#LINE#>The ecological markers of Sacoglottis gabonensis in the Congolese coast forest highlight that this species develops at the limit of its geographic area. This species is often associated to Aucoumea klaineana in forest typology or characterizing forest on the Atlantic littoral. It posts a degree of sociability contrary to the known data of the Gabonese forest. Moreover our study confirms the absence of the typical Biafra forests on the Congolese littoral, and the non concomitance of the distribution of Sacoglottis gabonensis and Aucoumea klaineana.<#LINE#> @ @ Aubréville A., Principe d’une systématique des formations végétales tropicales, Adansonia,5(2), 153-196 (1965) @No $ @ @  Normand D., Forêts et bois tropicaux, Collection Que sais-je ? PUF, (1971) @No $ @ @ Saint-Aubin (de) G.P., La forêt du Gabon, CTFT, Publ. N° 21, 1-208 (1963) @No $ @ @  White L. et Abernethy K., Guide de la végétation de la Lopé, ECOFAC-Gabon, (1996) @No $ @ @ UICN, L'atlas pour la conservation des forêts tropicales d'Afrique, UICN Gland-Suisse, (1996) @No $ @ @ Doumenge C., La réserve de Conkouati: Congo, le secteur Sud-ouest, UICN, Gland-Suisse, (1992) @No $ @ @ Hecketsweiler P. et Mokoko Ikonga J., Laréserve de Conkouati : Congo, le secteur Sud-est, UICN, Gland-Suisse, (1991) @No $ @ @ Kimpouni V., Loumeto J. et Mizingou J., Diversité floristique du faciès forestier à Aucoumeaklaineana(Okoumé) du littoral congolais, Acta Bot. Gallica.,155 (3), 323–334 (2008a) @No $ @ @ Kimpouni V., Loumeto J. et Mizingou J., Diversité du peuplement ligneux de la forêt monodominante à okoumé Aucoumea klaineana) du littoral congolais, Ann. Univ. Marien Ngouabi(N° spécial) 9, 8-20 (2008b) @No $ @ @ Adjanohoun E.J., Ahyi A.M.R., Ake Asi L., Baniakina J., Chibon P., Cusset G., Doulou V., Enzanza A., Eyme J., Goudote E., Keita E., Mbemba C., Mollet J., Moutsambote J.-M., Mpati J.et Sita P., Contribution aux études ethnobotaniques et floristiques en République Populaire du Congo: Médecine traditionnelle et pharmacopée, ACCT, Paris, (1988) @No $ @ @ Aubréville A., Climats, forêts et désertification de l’Afrique centrale, Société d’Éditions Géographiques, Maritimes et Coloniales, Paris, (1949) @No $ @ @ Dowsett R.J. et Dowsett-Lemaire F., Flore et Faune du Bassin du Kouilou (Congo) et leur exploitation, Tauraco Research Report N°4, (1991) @No $ @ @ Dowsett-Lemaire F., Thevegetation of the Kouilou basin in Congo, Tauraco Research, Rep. 4, (1991) @No $ @ @ Hecketsweiler P., La conservation des écosystèmes forestiers du Congo, Revue UICN, Programmes pour les forêts  tropicales, Gland, Suisse, et Cambridge, Royaume-Uni, (1990) @No $ @ @ Samba-Kimbata M.-J., Le climat Bas-congolais, Thèse Doc. Univ. de Dijon, France, (1978) @No $ @ @ Vennetier P., Atlas de la République Populaire du Congo, Ed. Jeune Afrique, (1977) @No $ @ @ Nzila J.D.D., Caractéristiques physico-chimiques des sols sous une forêt secondaire à Okoumé (Aucoumea klaineana P.) dans la zone de Youbi (Congo), Ann. Univ. Marien Ngouabi (N° spécial),, 69-81 (2008) @No $ @ @ Loumeto J.J., Le système litière des forêts à peuplements d’Okoumé (Aucoumeaklaineana). Exemples de deux sites congolais : la forêt du Chaillu et la forêt du littoral, Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Paris VI, (2002) @No $ @ @ Makany L., Contribution à l’étude de la végétation côtière du Congo – Brazzaville, Thèse Doc. Université de Paris (Orsay), (1963) @No $ @ @ Gibert G. et Sénéchal J., L’économie forestière, 249-293, in : Revue des connaissances sur le Mayombe. Synthèse préparée pour le PNUD/UNESCO (1989) @No $ @ @ Kimpouni V. et Koubouana F., Étude ethnobotanique sur les plantes médicinales et alimentaires dans et autour de la réserve de Conkouati, Rapport final, PROGECAP/GEF-Congo, UICN, (1997) @No $ @ @ White L.J.T., Sacoglottisgabonensis fruiting and the seasonal movement of elephants in the Lopé reserve, Gabon, Journal of Tropical Ecology, 10, 121-125 (1994a) @No $ @ @ Peters C.M., Exploitation soutenue de produits forestiers autres que le bois en forêt tropicale humide: Manuel d'initiation écologique, USAID, BSP, Washington, Programme d'appui à la biodiversité,  , 1- 49 (1997) @No $ @ @ White L.J.T., Patterns of fruit fall phenelogy in the Lopé reserve, Gabon, Journal of Tropical Ecology, 10, 289-312 (1994b) @No $ @ @ White F., The Guineo-congolian region and its relationships to other phytochoria, Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg.,  49 (1/2), 11-55 (1979) @No $ @ @ White F., La végétation de l’Afrique, Adaptation française par P. Bamps. Coll. Recherches sur les ressources naturelles végétation de l'Afrique, UNESCO, Paris, XX, 1-384 (1986) @No $ @ @ Kimpouni V., Lejoly J. et Lisowski S., Les Eriocaulaceaedu Congo, Fragm. Flor. Geobot., 37, 127 - 145 (1992) @No 
<#LINE#>Some Economically Important Bivalves and Gastropods found in the Island of Hadji Panglima Tahil, in the province of Sulu, Philippines<#LINE#>Tabugo@SharonRoseM.,Pattuinan@JocelynO.,Nathanie@JoyJ.Sespene,Jamasali@AldrenJ.<#LINE#>30-36<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-084.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biological Sciences,College of Science and Mathematics, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City @ Mindanao State University- Jolo, SULU<#LINE#>17/4/2013<#LINE#>26/4/2013<#LINE#>  The Philippines is a haven of a rich diversity of marine organisms. Unraveling this diversity had posed a tremendous challenge. The existing security threat in some areas of the archipelago had led to a dearth of information with regard to the diversity of organisms especially the islands located in the province of Sulu. Marine mollusc studies are still among those that are overseen by many researchers. To date, there is still a lack of basic information such as diversity and species checklist that make it impossible to assess the rate of population lost among existing marine molluscs. There is no published information on the actual number of marine shelled molluscan species in the area. This work assessed, described and identified some economically important molluscs in the island of Hadji Panglima Tahil, in the province of Sulu, Philippines. There were a total of 18 molluscs (marine bivalves & gastropods) species found and identified in the island. The molluscs served as food, ornaments and as source of livelihood by residents in the area, which is separated by sea from Jolo, the capital municipality of the province. The natives of the island depended mainly on fishing and hunting of molluscs found along the seashore. Geographically, the northwestern part of the area is strategically enclosed, making it undisturbed by strong waves while, the eastern portion facing Jolo, is more exposed to strong waves that created an advantage by pushing the organisms thriving in the deeper coral regions towards the seashore hence, affording opportunities for more consumption by the people. The molluscs’ meat were valuable and the shells itself are of equal importance to many shell dealers in the town of Jolo or in the nearby business hub, Zamboanga City. Habitats ranged from pristine waters in the northwestern portion of the island to disturbed waters in the eastern part attributed by anthropogenic activities in the area. It was noted that the most dominant species found was Mercenaria mercinaria, which thrived in the northwestern part of the island. This seashell is often found in Jolo market daily and other nearby municipalities like Maimbung and Siasi. At present, the residents in the area are still capable of sustaining the survival of these organisms. However, due to inevitable increase in commercial demand and overexploitation it may result to a possible depletion of these resources. Hence, they should be equipped with the proper scientific knowledge on the preservation and conservation of such organisms. <#LINE#> @ @ Gulick C.B., Athenaeus, The Deipnosophists, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, (1941) @No $ @ @ Chapman A.D., Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World, 2nd edition, Australian (2009) @No $ @ @ Ruppert E.E., Fox R.S. and Barnes R.D., Invertebrate Zoology (7 ed.). Brooks / Cole, 367–403, (2004) @No $ @ @ Giribet G., Okusu A., Lindgren A.R., Huff S.W., Schrödl M. and Nishiguchi M.K., Evidence for a clade composed of molluscs with serially repeated structures: Monoplacophorans are related to chitons, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103 (20), 7723–7728, Bibcode 2006 PNAS..103.7723G. doi:10.1073/pnas.0602578103. PMC 1472512. PMID 16675549. Retrieved 2008-09-30 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mannino M.A. and Thomas K.D., Depletion of a resource? The impact of prehistoric human foraging on intertidal mollusc communities and its significance for human settlement, mobility and dispersal, World Archaeology, 33), 452–474 (2002) @No $ @ @ Garrow J.S., Ralph A. and James W.P.T., Human Nutrition and Dietetics. Elsevier Health Sciences, 370, (2000) @No $ @ @ Thompson D.W., On Growth and Form, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1917) @No $ @ @ Bisong F. and Andrew-Essein E., Indigenous Knowledge Systems for Promoting Community Conservation Educationin a Nigerian Protected Area, International Journal of Biology, 2(2), 149-157 (2010) @No $ @ @ Umali-Garcia M., Gmelina - A Primer, Institute of Forest Conservation, UPLB, Laguna (1990) @No $ @ @ Berhimpon S. and Dien H., Exotic food from the sea. PerhimpunanAhliTeknologiPangan Indonesia, Surabaya (Indonesia) (2000) @No $ @ @ Wells S.M., Impacts of the Precious Shell Harvest and Trade:Conservation of Rare or Fragile Resources. In:Marine Invertebrate Fisheries:Their Assessment and Management, John F. Caddy (editor), John Wiley and Sons, New York, 443-454 (1989) @No $ @ @ Woods S. and Wells S.M., International Trade in Ornamental Shells. IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, U.K. 22 (1981) @No $ @ @ Wood E.M. and Wells S.M., The Marine Curio Trade: Conservation Issues. A report for the Marine Conservation Society, 120 (1988) @No $ @ @ Wells S.M. and Barzdo J.G., International Trade in Marine Species: Is CITES a useful Control Mechanism? Coastal Management,19, 135-154 (1991) @No $ @ @ Rosell N.C., Mariculture of Kapis, Placuna placenta: a pilot study, Fisheries Research Journal of the Philippines, , 1-2 (1984) @No $ @ @ Rinaldi E., Molluschi di origine extra Mediterranea entrati a far parte della malacofauna della costa Romagnola, Pagine de Museo Ornitologico e di Scienze Naturali di Ravenna, 19(1-2), 104-108 (1994) @No $ @ @ Poutiers J.M., The Living Marine Resources  of the Western Central Pacific: Bivalvia, 123-128 (1998) @No $ @ @ Röding  P.F., Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus Cimeliorum e Tribus Regnis Naturae Quae olim Collegerat Joa., 2(I-VIII), 1-199 (1798) @No $ @ @ Linnaeus C., Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata, Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae, ii, 824, available online at http://www.archive.org/details/ systemanaturae 01linnuoft, (1758) @No $ @ @ Lightfoot  J., A catalogue of the Portland Museum, lately the property of the Duchess Dowager of Portland, deceased: Which will be sold by auction by Mr. Skinner and Co. On Monday the 24th of April, 1786, and the thirty-seven following days (...) at her late dwelling-house, in Privy-Garden, Whitehall, by order of the Acting Executrix. - pp. i-viii [= 1-8], 3-194, pl. [1]. [London]. (Skinner), (1786) @No $ @ @ Bail P. and  Poppe G.T., A conchological iconography: a taxonomic introduction of the recent Volutidae, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 30, (2001) @No $ @ @ Verdcourt  B., The cowries of the East African Coast (Kenya, Tanganyika, Zanzibar and Pemba), Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society, 22(4), 96, 129-144, (1954) @No $ @ @ Burgess C.M., The Living Cowries. AS Barnes and Co, Ltd. Cranbury, New Jersey, (1970) @No $ @ @ Knop  D., Giant Clams: A Comprehensive Guide to the Identification and Care of Tridacnid Clams, Kraft Druck GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany, (1996) @No $ @ @ Ellis S., Spawning and Early Larval Rearing of Giant Clams (Bivalvia: Tridacnidae), Publication Number No. 130, Center for Tropical and Subtropical Aquaculture, Hawaii, (1997) @No $ @ @ Kiat T.S. and Woo H.P.M., Preliminary Checklist of The Molluscs of Singapore, Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore, (2010) @No $ @ @ Rice  M.A., The Northern Quahog : The Biology of Mercenaria Mercenaria, (1992) @No $ @ @ Vermeij  G.J., Kay  E.A., and Eldredge L.G., Molluscs of the northern Mariana Islands with special reference to the selectivity of oceanic dispersal barriers, Micronesica, 19, 27–55, (1983) @No $ @ @ Berrin K., The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera, New York: Thames and Hudson, (1997) @No $ @ @ Cob  Z.C., Arshad  A., Bujang  J.S. and  Ghaffar M.A., Age, growth, mortality and population structure of Strombus canarium (Gastropoda: Strombidae): variations in male and female sub-populations, Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(18), 3287–3297 (2009) @No $ @ @ WoRMS, Terebrinae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php? p=taxdetails&id=411816 on 2011-04-01, (2010) @No $ @ @ Wells S., Tridacna squamosa. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org, (1996) @No $ @ @ Copland  J.W. and Lucas J.S., Giant Clams in Asia and the Pacific, ACIAR, Canberra, 274, (1988) @No 
<#LINE#>Climate Change and Incidence of Dengue Fever (DF) and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Iligan City, Lanao del Norte, Philippines<#LINE#>AubreyValoraS.@Dulay,JingR.@Bautista,Teves@FrancoG.<#LINE#>37-41<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-086.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City PHILIPPINES <#LINE#>22/4/2013<#LINE#>24/5/2013<#LINE#>Dengue has been and is still a serious public health problem in Iligan City, Lanao del Norte. The increase of the number of dengue cases has been attributed to climate change; however, contradicting reports show uncertain relationships between dengue and climatic factors. This study showed the relationship between climatic factors with dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence reported in Iligan City from 2005-2009. The climatic factors include maximum temperature, minimum temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. Pearson’s correlation was used to explore the primary association between the DF and DHF incidences and the preceded climatic factors. Multiple regression analysis was also used to fit the statistical model. The result showed that the total number of dengue cases (both DF and DHF) used as the dependent variable gave a predicted regression model of Y (dengue incidence) = - .307 (temp max) + .375 (temp min) + .024 (rainfall) – .323 (relative humidit=y)which means that these constants have a significant correlation to dengue cases suggesting that an increase or decrease of its values could affect the number of dengue cases.  <#LINE#> @ @ Philippine Star, Novartis to Host a Scientific Symposium in RP, Retrieved on September 2009 in  http://www.philstar.com/Article.aspx?articleld=501669&PublicationSubCategory=75 (2009) @No $ @ @ Forattini O.P., Kakitani I., Massad E. and Marucci D., Studies Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicedae) and Anthropic Environment 9-Synanthropic and Epidemiological Vector role of Aedes scapularis in South-Eastern Brazil, Rev Saude Publica,29, 199-207 (1993) @No $ @ @ Guillena J.B., Opena E.L. and Baguio M.L. Prevalence of Dengue Fever (DF and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), A Description and Forecasting, Retrieved on 2012 in http://ebookbrowse.com/ (2010) @No $ @ @ Arcari P., Tapper N and Pfueller S., Regional variability in Relationships between Climate and Dengue/DHF in Indonesia, Singapore J Tropical Geography5.Barrera R, Delgado N, Jimenez M. andepidemiological Factors Associated witDengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Maracay City, VenezuelaDengue Bulletin,26, 84-92 (2007) @No $ @ @ WHO, Using Climate to Predict Infectious Diseases Outbreaks: A Review, Retrieved at: http://www.who.int/globalchange/publications/oeh0401/en/(2004) @No $ @ @ Luz P.M., Mendez B.V.M., Codoeco C.T., Struchiner C.J. and Galvani A.P., Time Series Analysis of Dengue Incidence in Rio de Janiero, Brazil The American Society of tropical Medicine and Hygiene,79(6), 933-939 (2008) @No $ @ @ Scott T.W. and Morrison A.C. Aedes aegyptiof Dengue-virus Transmission, Takken W., Scott TW Eds. Ecological Aspects for Application of Genetically Modified Mosquitoes, Dordretch,The Netherlands: FRONTIS206 (2003) @No $ @ @ Berger D.E., Introduction to Multiple RegressionRetrieved in www.wise.cgu.edu10.PAG-ASA. Retrieved on 2005 in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Pacific_typhoon_season(2005) @No $ @ @ Nakhaporn K. and Tripathi N.K.based analysis of physical and climatic factors affecting dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever incidenceInternational journal of Health Geographi,4,13 (2005) @No $ @ @ Thammapalo S, Chongswiwatwong V, McNeil D. and Greater A., The Climatic Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Dengue Hemorhhagic Fever in ThailandSoutheast Asian Journal for Tropic Medical Public Health36(1), 191-196 (2005) @No $ @ @ Prompou S.M. and Jaroensutasinee K., Climatic Factors Affecting Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Incidence in Dengue Bulletin, 29, 41-48 (2005) @No 
<#LINE#>Prevalence of Intestinal Amoebiasis in School Age Children in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria<#LINE#>Rine@ReubenC.,Katsa@Manasseh,C.@HassanSuleiman<#LINE#>42-45<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-089.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Sci. Laboratory Tech., School of Science and Technology, Nasarawa State Polytechnic, P.M.B 109, Lafia, Nasarawa State, NIGERIA @ Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, NIGERIA<#LINE#>24/4/2013<#LINE#>14/5/2013<#LINE#>Amoebiasis has a worldwide distribution. It causes death, impairs the physical, mental and intellectual development thereby exerting tremendous impact on productivity of individuals especially the youngsters. This study determined the prevalence of amoebiasis in school age children in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) stool samples were examined for the cysts and/or trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica using the direct smear and formol/ether concentration techniques. Thirty two (26.7%) of the samples were found to be positive for the parasite. The highest prevalence of 40.0% was recorded among children from Government Secondary School Tudun Kauri. There was no significant difference (P&#65533;0.05) between the prevalence of amoebiasis among children examined from the various schools. Children within the age group of 6 -10 years old had the highest rate (31.%) of infection. Males (27.7%) were more infected than females (24.3%) proportionately. Pre-secondary school children had the least rate (16.7%) of infection as compared with those in secondary schools (20%). Improved sanitation, personal hygiene and deliberate policy for regular deworming of school age children by the government will decrease the rate of intestinal parasitic infections. <#LINE#> @ @ Nokes, C. and Bundy, D.A.P., Does helminth infection affect mental processing and educational achievement?, Parasitol. Today, 10, 14-8 (1994) @No $ @ @ Smyth J.D., Animal Parasitology. 3rd Ed. Cambridge University Press UK, (1999) @No $ @ @ Ravdin, J L; Petri, W A. Entamoeba histolytica(Amoebiasis). Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease, 4th Edition. Churchill Livingstone, New York, 2395-98 (1995) @No $ @ @ Ajero C.M., Nwoko B.E.B., Nwoke E.A. and Ukaga C.N., Human Amoebiasis: Distribution and Burden; and the Nigerian Environment, Intl Sci. Res.,1(2), 130–134 (2008) @No $ @ @ Adeyeba O.A. and Akinlabi A., Intestinal parasitic infections among school children in a rural community, southwest Nigeria, Nig J. Parasitol., 23, 11-18 (2002) @No $ @ @  Ogbe G.E. and Isichei M., Intestinal helminth infection in primary school children in areas of operation of Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (SPDC), Western Division in Delta State, Nig. J. Parasitol., 23, 3-10 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ukpai O.M. and  Ugwu C., The prevalence of gastro-intestinal tract parasites in primary school children Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria, Nig. J. Parasitol., 24, 129-136 (2003) @No $ @ @ Agbolade O.M., Akinboye D. and Awolaja A., Intestinal helminthiasis and urinary schistosomiasis in some villages of Ijebu North, Ogun State, Nigeria, Afr. J. Biotech., , 206-209 (2004) @No $ @ @ Azikiwe A.N., Prevalence and pattern of intestinal infestation in an African University Community, Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol., 78, 333-334 (2006) @No $ @ @ Nwoke B.E.B., Our Environment and Emerging and Re-emerging parasitic and infectious diseases, Supreme Pub. Owerri Nig., , 2-3(2004) @No $ @ @ Evans A.C. and Stephenson L.S., Not by drugs alone: the fight against parasitic helminthes,World Health Forum, 16, 258-261 (1995) @No $ @ @ WHO. Control of Food Borne Trematode Infections Report of a World Health Organization Expert Committee. Geneva World Health Organization, World Health Organization Technical Report. No. 849 (1995) @No $ @ @ Emmy-Egbe I.O., Studies on Intestinal Helminth Parasites in parts of Anambra State, Nigeria, Ph.D thesis, 1-2 and 99-106 (2009) @No $ @ @ Montresor A.,Schistosomiasis and Intestinal Parasites Unit, WHO, Child Health Dialogue. 10, 9 (1998) @No $ @ @ Mbanugo J. I. and Onyebuchi C. J., Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Ezinifite Community in Aguata LGA of Anambra State, Nig. J. Parasitol., 23, 27 – 34 (2002) @No $ @ @ Hall A., Anthelmintics: Drugs for treating worms, Africa Health. 20, 46 (1998) @No $ @ @ WHO. Basic Laboratory Method in Medical Parasitology, World Health Organization, Geneva, (1991) @No $ @ @ Cheesbrough M., District Laboratories Practice in Tropical Countries, Part-2, Cambridge university Press, 236-240, (2005) @No $ @ @ Nduka F.O., Nwaugo V.O. and Nwachukwu N.C., Human Intestinal Parasite Infections in Ishiagu, a Lead Mining area of Abia State, Ani. Res. Intl. 3(3), 505 – 507 (2006) @No $ @ @ Nyenke C., Chukwujekwu D.C., Stanley H.O. and Awoibi N.K., Prevalence of Intestinal Amoebiasis in Infant and Junior School Children in Degema General Hospital and Environs, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage.,12(3), 83-87 (2008) @No $ @ @ Obiukwu M.O., Umeanaeto P.U., Eneanya C.I and Nwaorgu G.O., Prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminthes in school children in Mbaukwu, Anambra State, Nigeria. Nig. J. Parasitol., 29(2)15-19 (2008) @No $ @ @ Barbosa-Sabanero G., Avila E., Recognition of Entamoeba Histolytica IIS, KDA Surface Protein by Human secretory immunoglobulin from asymptomatic carriers. Journal of Parasitology Institute De Investidcion En Biologia Experimental Facultad De Quimica Unersida De Guanajuato, Mexico PMID: 15165062 (2004) @No $ @ @ Haque R., Diggal P., Ali I.M., Hossaing M.B., Mondal D. and Sack R.B., Innate and Acquired Resistance to Amoebiasis in Banglandesh Children, J. Intnl  Dis., 186, 547-52 (2002) @No $ @ @ Arfaa S.O., Selective Primary Health Care: Strategies for control of disease in the developing world: Ascariasis and Trichuriasis. Rev. Infec., 4(3),364 – 373 (1984) @No $ @ @ Taiwo A.K. and Agbolade O.M, Intestinal helminthiasis among school children in oru, Ogun State, Nigeria, Nig. J. Sci., 34,283-286 (2000) @No
<#LINE#>Evaluation of Antibacterial Potential of Leaf extracts of Mimusops elengi<#LINE#>Milimita@Padhi,Mahapatra@Sujata<#LINE#>46-49<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-095.pdf<#LINE#> Khallikote (Auto) College, Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Berhampur, Odisha, INDIA<#LINE#>26/4/2013<#LINE#>11/5/2013<#LINE#>Different solvent extracts of the leaves of Mimusops elengi were prepared and screened for their antibacterial activity against six different bacterial strains including both gram negative strains such as Escherichia coli (MTCC 40), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 426) and gram positive strains such as Streptococcus pneumoniae (MTCC 237) and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 87), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MTCC 2639).  The extracts were evaluated at 200 and 300mg/ml by using cup-plate method. All the tested extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity in a dose dependent manner. Among the various extracts of Mimusops elengi leaves, methanol extract exhibited high inhibitory zone followed by ethanol, chloroform and petroleum ether. Petroleum ether extract was found to be ineffective at 200 mg/ml against all the test organisms. Thus, this in vitro study supports its traditional application as a preventive remedy for the treatment microbial diseases.<#LINE#> @ @ Kirtikar K.R. and Basu B.D., Indian medicinal plants with illustrations, Uttaranchal, Oriental Enterprises, India, (2001) @No $ @ @ Shah P.J, Gandhi S.M., Shah B.M., Goswami S.S. and Santani D., Study of Mimosops elengibark in experimental gastric ulcers, J. Ethno. Pharmacol.,89, 305-311 (2003) @No $ @ @ Manjeshwar S.B., Ramakrishna J.P., Harshith P.B., Princy L.P. and Rekha B., Chemistryss and medicinal properties of the Bakul (Mimusops elengi Linn), A review. Food Res Int., 44, 1823-1829 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bharat G. and Parabia M.H.., Pharmacognostic evaluation of bark and seeds of Mimusops elengi L., IntJ Pharm Pharmaceut Sci., , 110-113 (2010) @No $ @ @ Shanmugam S., Annadurai M. and Rajendran K., Ethnomedicinal plants used to cure diarrhoea and dysentery in Pachalur hills of Dindigul district in Tamil Nadu, Southern Ind J Appl Pharmac Sci., , 94-97 (2011) @No $ @ @ Khare C.P., Encyclopedia of Indian medicinal plants, Springer Publication 314-315 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sakshi S, Vineet G, Rajiv G, Shubhini AS., Analgesic and antipyretic activity of Mimusops elengi L. (bakul) leaves, Pharmacologyonline, ,1-6 (2011) @No $ @ @ Wagner H, Bladt S, Zgainski EM.,Plant drug analysis. Berlin, Germany, Springer-Verlag, ( 1984) @No $ @ @ Abayasekara CL, Rangama BNLD, Panagoda GJ and Senanayake MRDM, Antimicrobial activity of Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) Pers. And Mimusops elengi (Linn.) against some clinical bacterial isolates, J. Natn. Sci. Foundation Sri Lank., 37 (2),139-145 (2009) @No $ @ @ Gordon MC, David JN., Natural product drug discovery in the next millennium, Journal of Pharmaceutical Biology,39, 8-17 (2001) @No
<#LINE#>Bioelectricity Production from Microbial Fuel using Escherichia Coli (Glucose and Brewery Waste)<#LINE#>Rohan@D’souza,Deepa@Verma,Rohan@Gavankar,Satish@Bhalerao<#LINE#>50-54<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-100.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biotechnology, VIVA College, Virar (W), 401303, MS, INDIA @ Department of Botany, VIVA College, Virar (W), 401303, MS, INDIA @ Environmental Science Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Wilson College, Mumbai-400007, MS, INDIA <#LINE#>4/3/2013<#LINE#>22/4/2013<#LINE#>Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a technology that utilizes bacterial growth in carbon-containing solutions to generate electricity or hydrogen. In MFC aerobic conditions are maintained at the cathode and anaerobic at the anode. The MFC design can be modified to produce hydrogen at the cathode by applying an additional over potential and omitting oxygen from the cathode. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a bioreactor that converts chemical energy in the organic compounds to electrical energy through catalytic reactions of microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. MFC generally makes use of organic matter and hence a large number of waste materials rich in organic content can be subjected to MFC for electricity generation. Power output and Coulomb efficiency are significantly affected by the types of microbes used in the anodic chamber of MFC, configuration of the MFC and operating conditions. The main objective of this work was to utilize waste water and waste products rich in ions or organic content which can be used as a potent source to generate electricity using microbes. The waste used in this study represents syrup industry waste and brewery waste. From this work waste can be used to generate electricity at the same time reduce the damage done to the natural environment.<#LINE#> @ @ Chaudhuri S.K. and Lovley D.R., Electricity generation by direct oxidation of glucose in mediator less microbial fuel cells, Nat. Biotechnology, 21, 229–1232 (2003) @No $ @ @ Park D.H. and Zeikus J.G., Electricity generation in microbial fuel cells using neutral red as an electronophore, Appl. Environ. Microbiology, 66, 1292–1297(2000) @No $ @ @ Allen R.M. and Bennetto H.P., Microbial fuel-cells: electricity production from carbohydrates, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnology, 39 /40, 27–40 (1993) @No $ @ @ Prasad D., Sivaram T.K., Berchmans S. and Yegnaraman V., Microbial fuel cell constructed with a micro-organism isolated from sugar industry effluent, J. Power Sources,160, 991–6.84, 260276 ( 2006) @No $ @ @ Zhang E., Xu W., Diao G. and Shuang C., Electricity generation from acetate and glucose by sedimentary bacterium attached to electrode in microbial-anode fuel cells, J Power Sources, 161, 820–5 (2006) @No $ @ @ Suzuki S., Karube I. and Matsunaga T., Application of a biochemical fuel cell to wastewater, Biotechnology Bioeng Symp, , 501–11 (1978) @No $ @ @ Wang X., Feng Y., Ren N., Wang H., Lee H., Li N. and Zhao, Q., Accelerated start-up of two-chambered microbial fuel cells: effect of positive poised potential, Electrochem. Acta,54, 1109–1114 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ditzig J., Liu H. and Logan B.E., Production of hydrogen from domestic wastewater using a bioelectrochemically assisted microbial reactor (BEAMR), International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 32(13), 2296-2304 (2007) @No $ @ @ Abhilasha S.M and Sharma V.N., Treatment of Brewery Wastewater production of electricity through Microbial Fuel Cell Technology, International Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 6(1), 71–80 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hampannavar U.S. and Shivayogimath C.B., Anaerobic treatment of sugar industry wastewater by Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor at ambient temperature, International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1(4), 631–639  (2010) @No 
@Research Article
<#LINE#>Application-Economical Investigation of various Bioreactors for Removal of Air Pollutants<#LINE#>M.@Dadashpour,G.@Darvishi,F.@GolbabaeiKootenaei<#LINE#>55-60<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-090.pdf<#LINE#>Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research branch, Tehran, IRAN @ Graduate Faculty of Environment, Babol University of Technology, Babol and Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University,Qaemshahr Branch, IRAN @ Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran and Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, IRAN <#LINE#>25/4/2013<#LINE#>7/5/2013<#LINE#>In recent years, due to increase of industries activities and industrial technologies, air pollution has a significant increase. As you know, daily growth of industrial factories next to cities, along with other air pollutant agents such as vehicles, led to increase of air pollutants emissions. By considering this condition in issue of air pollution due to industrial activities, it is reasonable to take fundamental decisions for air purification by selecting appropriate and economical methods and prevent the entry of pollutants into the air as possible. One of air purification tools in the field of industry and other sections such as treatment of emissions from composting units and wastewater treatment plants, are biofilters. Basically biofelters are used for treatment of gases containing odor compounds and other volatile organic compounds. The aim of this study is assessment and investigation of biofilters as one of air purification method compared with other methods, in order to apply more useful and economical option among so many different tools.  In this research, biofilters were compared with adsorption and catalytic oxidation methods in terms of application and economical and  initial investment costs was determined, and based on the results of the study, the advantages of biofilters relative to other methods was determined. Also, biofilters were investigated in terms of improvement of efficiency and applicability in various industries. <#LINE#> @ @ Moe W.M. and Qi B., Bioflter treatment of volatile organic compound emissions from reformulated paint: complex mixtures, intermittent operation, and startup, J Air Waste Manage Assoc., 55, 950–6 (2005) @No $ @ @ Zhu X.Q., Suidan M.T., Pruden A., Yang C.P., Alonso C. and Kim BJ, et al. Effect of substrate Henry's constant on bioflter performance, J Air Waste Manage Assoc, 54, 409–18 (2004) @No $ @ @ Allen E.R. and Phatak S., Control of organo-sulfurcom-pound emission using bioÐltration Èmethylmercaptan, In 86th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Air & Waste Manag. Assoc., Denver, Colorado, 93-WA52B.03 (1993) @No $ @ @ Tiwari S., Foliar Response of Two Species of Cassia to Heavy Air Pollution Load at Indore City, India, Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(ISC-2011), 329-332 (2012) @No $ @ @ Xi J.Y., Hu H.Y., Zhang X. and Qian Y., Chemical removal of excess biomass from biolters (In Chinese), Environ  Sci.,28, 300–3 (2007) @No $ @ @ Auria R., Aycaguer A.X. and Devinny J.S., Influence of Water Content on Degradation Rates for Ethanol in Biofiltration, J. Air G Waste Man- age. Assoc.,48,  65-70 (2003) @No $ @ @ Rathore Kanishka Raj, Dhawankar Aditi and Gungun, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) For Bus Based Rapid Transit System (BRTS) Bhopal, MP, India, Res. J.Recent Sci.,1(ISC-2011), 166-171 (2012) @No $ @ @ Borman P.C., A.N.R. Bos, and KR. Westerterp, A Novel Reactor for Determination of Kinetics for Solid Catalyzed Gas Reactions, AIChE Journal, 40, 862-868 (2010) @No $ @ @ Shareefdeen Z. and Singh A., Biotechnology for Odor and Air Pollution Control. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York (2005) @No $ @ @ Cox C.D., Woo H. and Robinson K.G., Cometabolic biodegradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in the gas phase, Water Science Technology, 37(8), 97-104 (1998) @No $ @ @ Chouhan A., Iqbal S., Maheshwari R.S. and Bafna A.,Study of air pollution tolerance Index of plants growing in Pithampur Industrial area sector 1, 2 and 3, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1 (ISC-2011) , 172-177 (2012) @No $ @ @ Fishbein L., An overview of environmental and toxicologi- cal aspects of aromatic hydrocarbons, Sci. Total Environ.,42, 267-288 (2003) @No $ @ @ Agbo G.A., Ibeh G.F. and Ekpe J.E., Estimation of Global Solar Radiation at Onitsha with Regression Analysis and Artificial Neural Network Models, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(6), 27-31 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kiared,K., Funderberger B., Brzezinski R., Viel G. and Heitz M., Biofiltration of air polluted with tolueneun dersteady stat conditions: experimenta lobservations, Ind.  Eng. Chem. Res.,36, 4719–4725 (2007) @No $ @ @ Martin H.A., Keuning S., and Janssen D.B., Handbook on biodegradation and biological treatment of hazardous organic compounds, 2nd ed., 3. Academic Press, Dordrecht (1998) @No $ @ @ Mirpuri R., Jones W., Bryers J., Toluene degradation kinetics for plant onickand biofilm-grown cell sof Pseudomonasputida 54G, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 53(6), 535–546 (1997) @No 
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Length-Weight Relationships of the Pond-Cultured Spotted Barb (Puntius binotatus)<#LINE#>Lim@Leong-Seng,Chor@Wei-Kang,Tuzan@AudreyDaning,Malitam@Linus,Reynard@Gondipon,Ransangan@Julian<#LINE#>61-63<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-093.pdf<#LINE#>Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA @ Innovasi Sedia Sdn. Bhd. Lot 37, Block E, Ground Floor, New World Commercial Center, Donggongon, 89500 Penampang, Sabah, MALAYSIA <#LINE#>26/4/2013<#LINE#>8/5/2013<#LINE#>Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of the pond-cultured spotted barb, Puntius binotatus were calculated to determine its growth and health conditions in order to evaluate the efficiency of present culture practice. The cultured fish were growing well in the ponds as they attained strong positive allometric growth as the b value was 3.356 (&#65533; 3), and the linear relationship r value (0.96) was significant at level 0.01. Nevertheless, the relative condition value of the pond cultured fish (1.008) was lower than those of the wild fish caught from the Upper Kerian River and Serdang River. The fish from Upper Kerian River were in much better condition than the pond cultured fish. Such differences could be due to the gaps in the water quality between the ponds and the rivers. Further studies should be conducted to determine the optimum range of water parameters especially temperature, pH and total dissolved solution (TDS) level of the culture environment for this fish, in order to optimize its culture condition. <#LINE#> @ @ Roberts T.R., The freshwater fishes of Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia), Mem. Calif. Acad. Sci., 14, 210 (1989) @No $ @ @ Robins C.R., Bailey R.M., Bond C.E., Brooker J.R., Lachner E.A., Lea R.N. and Scott, W.B., World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada, Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ., 21, 243 (1991) @No $ @ @ Talwar P.K. and Jhingran, A.G., Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries, Vol. 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands (1991) @No $ @ @ Jenkins A., Kullander F.F. and Tan H.H., Puntius binotatus. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (version 2012.1), www.iucnredlist.org(2009) @No $ @ @ Rainboth W.J., FAO Species Identification Field Guide for Fishery Purposes, Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome (1996) @No $ @ @ Baumgartner L., Fish in Irrigation Supply Offtakes: A Literature Review, NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Research Report Series: 11, Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales, Australia (2005) @No $ @ @ Mat Isa M., Md Rawi C.S., Rosla R., Mohd Shah S.A. and Md Shah A.S.R., Length-weight relationships of freshwater fish species in Kerian River Basin and Pedu Lake, Res. J. Fish. Hydrobiol., 5(1), 1-8 (2010) @No $ @ @ Zakeyudin M.S., Isa M.M., Md Rawi C.S. and Md Shah A.S., Assessment of suitability of Kerian River tributaries using length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of six freshwater fish species, J. Environ. Earth Sci., , 52-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Fafuiye O.O. and Oluajo O.A., Length-weight relationships of five fish species in Epe Lagoon, Nigeria, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 4(7), 749-751 (2005) @No $ @ @ Farzana Y. and Saira K., Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor for the Halfbeak Hemiramphus farForsskål, 1775 from the Karachi Coast, Uni. J. Zool. Rajshahi Uni., 27, 103-104 (2008) @No $ @ @ Hossain M.Y., Rahman M.M. and Abdallah E.M., Relationships between body size, weight, condition and fecundity of the threatened fish Puntius ticto (Hamilton, 1822) in the Ganges River, Northwestern Bangladesh, Sains Malaysiana, 41(7), 803-814 (2012) @No $ @ @ Olurin K.B. and Aderibigbe O.A., Length-weight relationship and condition factor of pond reared juvenile Oreochromis niloticus, World J. Zool., 1(2), 82-85 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kumar K., Lalrinsanga P.L., Sahoo M., Mohanty U.L., Kumar R. and Sahu A.K., Length-weight relationship and condition factor of Anabas testudineus and Channa species under different culture systems, World J. Fish Mar. Sci., 5(1), 74-78 (2013) @No $ @ @ Le Cren E.D., The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in the gonad weight and condition in the Perch (Perca fluviatilis), J. Anim. Ecol., 20, 201-219 (1951) @No $ @ @ Ricker W.E., Linear regression in fisheries research, J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 30, 409-434 (1973) @No $ @ @ Hölker F., The metabolic rate of roach in relation to body size and temperature, J. Fish Biol., 62, 565-579 (2003) @No $ @ @ McDonald D.G., The effects of H upon the gills of freshwater fish, Can. J. Zool., 61(4), 691-703 (1983) @No $ @ @ Randall D.J. and Wright P.A., The interaction between carbon dioxide and ammonia excretion and water pH in fish,Can. J. Zool., 67(12), 2936-2942 (1989) @No $ @ @ Stahl C.J., Barnes S.S. and Neill W.H., Optimization of dissolved solids for the intensive culture of juvenile Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus, J. World Aquac. Soc., 26(3), 323-326 (1995) @No 
<#LINE#>Incidence of Mycoflora on Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) Bulbs<#LINE#>N.M.@Ghangaonkar<#LINE#>64-66<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-096.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Botany, C.T.bora College, Shirur (Ghodnadi) Pune -412210, MS, INDIA <#LINE#>27/4/2013<#LINE#>10/5/2013<#LINE#>Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) bulbs of soft neck garlic varieties like silver white and silver rose  were studied for incidene of mycoflora in fields as well as storages because bulbs are extensively damaged in fields and storages due to various fungal pathogens. Dilution plate method and humid chamber methods were used for isolation of fungi. In all fourteen fungal species were isolated from bulbs. Studies reveals that fungi like Altarnaria porri, Stemphylium botryosum, Cladosporium alli, Helmenthosporium alli, Colletotrichum circinance and Curvularia lunata show high incidence on the bulbs from fields where as fungi like Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Macrophomina Phaseolina, Botrytis alli, Penicillium corymbiferum, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Chaetomium globosum are specially found on bulbs from storage. It is also evident that silver white variety harbors maximum fungal species. Fungi like Colletotrichum circinance, macrophomina phaseolina, and Botrytis alli are not found on the silver rose variety   <#LINE#> @ @ Waksman S., J.bact., 7, 339-341 (1922) @No $ @ @ Rai B. and Agarwal K.P., Rhizosphere microflora of garlic in relation to pre treatment of roots, Acta botanica indica,4(2), 97-104 (1976) @No $ @ @ Auchet Jenckens F., Castellanos Lin., Ares J., A method of experimental evaluation of Alternaria porri on garlic,Ciencias de la Agricultura, 7, 147-151 (1980) @No $ @ @ Leguizamon C.J. and Barriga O.R., Garlic (Allium sativum L.) diseases in candinamarca and Boyaca, Noticias fitopathologicas, 5(1), 4-19 (1976) @No $ @ @ Georgieva M. and Kotev S., The pathogens of garlic rotduring storage, I Kon servi no.7, 10-13 (bulgerian), scientific literature, abstract, 22(4), 822 (1977) @No $ @ @ Chantarasnit A. and Phanichyakarn V., Microorganisms causing deterioration of garlic, Natural history bulletin of the siam society, 34(2), 95-104 (1986) @No $ @ @ Sanz B.M.H., Identification and pathogenicity of Helminthosporium alli (campanile) on pink garlic (Allium sativum L.), agricultural Tecuica., 38(3), 122-123 (1978) @No $ @ @ Brammall R.A., Resistance to benomyl in isolates of Penicillium spp. Causing clove decay of garlic, @No 
<#LINE#>Evaluation of Iron Oxide nanoparticles effects on tissue and Enzymes of Thyroid in Rats<#LINE#>Yousefi@BabadiVahid,Amraeai@Esmaiil,Salehh@Hojatollah,Sadeghi@Leila,Leila@Najafi,Mohammad@Fazilati<#LINE#>67-69<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-123.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Payam Noor University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN @ Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Payam Noor University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IRAN @  Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, TarbiatModares University, Tehran, IRAN @ Ph.D, ShahidBeheshti University, Tehran, IRAN <#LINE#>4/4/2013<#LINE#>14/5/2013<#LINE#>Objective: Iron oxide nanoparticles have extensive application in MRI and heat therapy of canceras contrast elements. However, the effects of nanoparticles on human health have not been fully investigatedyet. In this study, effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and TSH in adult male wistar rats were studied. Material and Methods: Three experimental groups of ratswere fed daily by three different concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles (20 g/kg, 50 g/kg and 150 g/kg that dissolved in one ml of distilled water) by gavage tube. Feeding repeated for 15 days. Then serum T3 and T4 levels was measured in experimental and control groups. Results: Results showed there are no significant changes inserum T4 levels in the experimental group that received lowest dose. But rats received the highest dose showed a significant increase in T3 level compared to control group. Also Yrmy TSH hormone concentration in the groups receiving the middle and max dosage of treatment is significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion: Experimental results also showed high concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles inhibits the Ndkryny pituitary axis and can cause malfunctions of the hypothalamusand thyroid glands. <#LINE#> @ @ Lu A.H., Salabas E.L. and Schuth F., Magneticnanoparticles: synthesis, protection, functionalization, and application, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 46, 1222-1244 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sun C., Lee J.S. and Zhang M., Magneticnanoparticles in MRimaging and drug delivery, Adv. Drug,Deliv. Rev., 60, 1252-1265 (2008) @No $ @ @ Park E.J., Kim H., Kim Y., Yi J., Choi K., Inflammatory responses may be induced by a single intratracheal instillation of iron nanoparticles in mice.,Toxicol., 275, 65-71 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mirkovic B., Lah-Turnsek T. and Kos J., Nanotechnology in the treatment of cancer, Zdrav.Vestn, 79, 146–15 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mahmoudi M., Sant S., Wang B., Laurent S. and Sen T., Superparamagneticiron oxidenanoparticles (SPIONs): development, surfacemodification and applications in chemotherapy, Adv. Drug.Deliv. Rev., 63, 24-46 (2011) @No $ @ @ Wahajuddin A. and Arora S., Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: magnetic nanoplatforms as drug carriers, Int. J. Nanomedicine, , 3445–3471 (2012) @No $ @ @ Apopa P.L., Qian Y., Shao R., Guo N.L., Schwegler-Berry D. and Pacurari M., Iron oxidenanoparticles induce human microvascular endothelial cell permeability through reactive oxygen species production and microtubule remodeling, Part. Fibre.Toxicol., 9, 1 (2009) @No $ @ @ Stone S.P., Cooper B.S., Kibbler C.C., Cookson B.D., Roberts J.A. and Medley G.F., The ORION statement: guidelines for transparent reporting of outbreak reports and intervention studies of nosocomial infection, Lancet. Infect. Dis., 7, 282-288 (2007) @No $ @ @ Yen P.M., Physiological and molecularbasis of thyroid hormoneaction, Physiol. Rev., 81, 1097-1142 (2001) @No $ @ @ Nour E.D., Miloud S. and Abdelkaader A., Effect of lead exposure on dopaminergic transmission in the rat brain, Toxicol., 207, 363-368 (2005) @No $ @ @ Koibuchi N., Molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, Nihon. Rinsho., 70, 1844-1848 (2012) @No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Forest and Wildlife Scenarios of Northern West Bengal, India: A Review<#LINE#>K.@Manoj,R.@Bhattacharyya,P.K.@Padhy<#LINE#>70-79<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-044.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, INDIA<#LINE#>25/2/2013<#LINE#>5/4/2013<#LINE#>  Study on forest, wildlife and their interaction with humans has become critical area of research in recent decades. New insights in recent years present some serious dimensions in interactions between them which include issues like depletion of forested areas, loss of habitat of wildlife, human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) etc. National Forest Policy of India states 33% of its total geographical area should be under forest cover, which under current scenario stands well short at 23.38%. West Bengal, situated on the eastern side of India, lags far behind of the national forest area and only 13.38% of its total geographical area comes under recorded forest category. Although there are reports about the conditions of forest, wildlife habitats and HWC in West Bengal, these are haphazardly arranged. This paper attempts to arrange these reports in a review form to make them more accessible and easily readable. Since, most of the reports of HWC occur from northern West Bengal, this part of the state has been made subject of this review article. Current status of forest and wildlife, emphasising on gaur, leopard and elephant, in three northern districts of West Bengal namely Jalpaiguri, Darjeeling and Cooch Behar has been reviewed along with assessing some recent reports on HWC in the region. Some of the methods employed along with recommendations and suggestions to minimise HWC have also been reviewed. The study shows that, although situation of forest area looks disappointing there is an increase in the number of gaur, leopard and elephant in recent years. Increase in population of wild animals, depletion of green cover, encroachment of forest land, decline in fodder for wild herbivores and developmental activities in protected areas emerged to be the principal causes of HWC in the region. The study further shows that since all HWC are reactions to the actions of human beings, these conflicts can effectively be brought down if proper measures are implemented.<#LINE#> @ @ Forest and Tree Resources in States and Union Territories, 7.29 West Bengal, Forest Survey of India, http://www.fsi.nic.in/sfr_2009/westbengal.pdf, Accessed on 10.02.2013 (2009) @No $ @ @ State Forest Report 2010-2011, West Bengal, Government of West Bengal, Directorate of Forests, Office of the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests and Head of Forests Force, Aranya Bhaban, Salt Lake, Kolkata, http://westbengalforest.gov.in/..../SFR-2010-2011.pdf (2012) @No $ @ @ Jalpaiguri, West Bengal Tourism, Department of Tourism, Government of West Bengal, http://www. westbengaltourism.gov.in...../jalpaiguri, Accessed on 08.02.2013 (2013) @No $ @ @ Baikunthapur Forest, http://dooarstours.com/...jalpaiguri; Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary, http://dooarstours.com /....mahananda-wls, Accessed on 08.02.2013 (2013) @No $ @ @ Buxa National Park, http://www.rang7.com/buxa-national-park, Accessed on 08.02.2013 (2013) @No $ @ @ National Parks, West Bengal Forest Department, http://westbengalforest.gov.in/....national_park.html, Accessed on 08.02.2013 (2013) @No $ @ @ Duckworth J.W., Steinmetz R., Timmins R.J., Pattanavibool A., Than Zaw Do Tuoc and Hedges S., Bos gaurus, In: IUCN 2012, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2012.2, http://www.iucnredlist. org/details/2891/0, Accessed on 31.01.2013 (2008) @No $ @ @ Census, West Bengal Forest Department, http://westbengalforest.gov.in/...bio_diversity_census.html, Accessed on 08.02.2013 (2013) @No $ @ @ Food Chain Imbalance Swells Bison Count, The Telegraph, Calcutta (Kolkata), India, Wednesday, January 9 (2013) @No $ @ @ Henschel P., Hunter L., Breitenmoser U., Purchase N., Packer C., Khorozyan I., Bauer H., Marker L., Sogbohossou E. and Breitenmoser-Wursten C., Panthera pardus, In: IUCN 2012, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2012.2, http://www.iucnredlist.org/ details/15954/0, Accessed on 31.01.2013 (2008) @No $ @ @ Special Report, Also in Danger but Ignored, The Times of India, Kolkata, India, Sunday, April 3 (2011) @No $ @ @ Choudhury A., Lahiri Choudhury D.K., Desai A., Duckworth J.W., Easa P.S., Johnsingh A.J.T., Fernando P., Hedges S., Gunawardena M., Kurt F., Karanth U., Lister A., Menon V., Riddle H., Rübel A. and Wikramanayake E., (IUCN SSC Asian Elephant Specialist Group), Elephas maximus, In: IUCN 2012, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2012.2, http://www.iucnredlist.org/ details/7140/0, Accessed on 31.01.2013 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chowdhury S.P., Elephant Conservation Scenario, In: West Bengal Wildly Ours, Department of Information and Cultural Affairs, Government of West Bengal, LI (9&10), 14-21 (2009) @No $ @ @ Depleting Green Cover a Threat to N Bengal Animals, The Times of India, Kolkata, India, Thursday, February 7 (2013) @No $ @ @ Nelson A., Bidwell P. and Siller-Zubiri C., A Review of Human Elephant Conflict Management Strategies, People and Wildlife Initiative, Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Oxford University, http://www.peopleandwildlife. org.uk/..../...Manual, Accessed on 22.01.2013 (2003) @No $ @ @ Human Wildlife Conflict Manual: Wildlife Management Series, WWF-World Wide Fund for Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund) Southern African Regional Programme Office (SARPO), http://wwf.panda.org/.... Wildlife-Management-Series, Accessed on 11.02.2013 (2005) @No $ @ @ Distefano E., Human-Wildlife Conflict Worldwide: Collection of Case Studies, Analysis of Management Strategies and Good Practices, http://www.fao.org/ SARD/...../HWC_final.pdf, Accessed on 19.01.2013 (2013) @No $ @ @ Madden F., Creating Coexistence between Humans and Wildlife: Global Perspectives on Local Efforts to Address Human–Wildlife Conflict, Hum. Dimens. Wildl.,, 247-257 (2004) @No $ @ @ On Jumbo-Killer Rail Tracks, Nod for Only Two Watchtowers, The Telegraph, Calcutta (Kolkata), India, Monday, December 31 (2012) @No $ @ @ Spotted Pride under Attack, The Times of India, Kolkata, India, Thursday, January 17 (2013) @No $ @ @ Janaki L., Sugarcane Leopards, In: Current Conservation, Special: Wildlife-Human Conflict, 4(4), 22-27 (2010) @No $ @ @ Bhattacharjee A. and Parthasarathy N., Coexisting With Large Carnivores: A Case Study from Western Duars, India, Hum. Dimens. Wildl.,18 (1), 20-31 (2013) @No $ @ @ Leopard Strikes in Heart of Siliguri, The Times of India, Kolkata, India, Tuesday, January 29, http://articles. timesofindia.indiatimes.com...leopard, Accessed on 20.02.2013, (2013) @No $ @ @ Sukumar R. and Murali L., Elephants, People & the Battle for Peaceful Coexistence, In: Current Conservation, Special: Wildlife-Human Conflict, 4(4), 6-11 (2010) @No $ @ @ Radio – Telemetry Study of Elephants in Buxa Tiger Reserve and Adjoining Areas in North West Bengal, Asian Nature Conservation Foundation, http://www.asiannature .org/....elephant-conflict-mitigation-pr-2, Accessed on 13.02.2013 (2013) @No $ @ @ Elephant-Human Conflict in the Western Duars of Northern West Bengal, India, http://essays24.com/...Western-Duars-Northern/43970.html, Accessed on 13.02.2013 (2013) @No $ @ @ Experts to Inspect Dooars Tracks, The Telegraph, Calcutta (Kolkata), India, Monday, February 4 (2013) @No $ @ @ Jumbo Hit by Train pulled Out of Ditch and Given Treatment, The Telegraph, Calcutta (Kolkata), India, Monday, January 7 (2013) @No $ @ @ Sikkim Rail Link Poses Jumbo Threat, The Times of India, Kolkata, India, Wednesday, February 6 (2013) @No $ @ @ Track Survey after Elephant Deaths, The Times of India, Kolkata, India, Saturday, February 2, http://articles. timesofindia.indiatimes.com...nbwl, Accessed on 14.02.2013 (2013) @No $ @ @ Bowen-Jones E., Tackling Human-wildlife Conflict: A Prerequisite for Linking Conservation and Poverty Alleviation, A Decision-Makers Guide to Financial and Institutional Mechanisms, Poverty and Conservation Learning Group Discussion Paper No 06, IIED (2012) @No $ @ @ Madhusudan M.D., Living Amidst Large Wildlife: Livestock and Crop Depredation by Large Mammals in the Interior Villages of Bhadra Tiger Reserve, South India, Environ. Manage.,31 (4), 466-475 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mishra C., Allen P., McCarthy T., Madhusudan M.D, Bayarjargal A. and Prins H.H.T., The Role of Incentive Programs in Conserving the Snow Leopard, Conserv. Biol., 17 (6), 1512-1520 (2003) @No $ @ @ Sekhar N.U., Crop and Livestock Depredation Caused by Wild Animals in Protected Areas: The Case of Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, India, Environ. Conserv., 25 (2)160-171 (1998) @No $ @ @ No Funds to Make Killer Tracks Safe, The Times of India, Kolkata, India, Tuesday, February 5 (2013) @No