@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Morphometric Characterization of Creole Sheep without Ear of the Sierra North State of Puebla-Mexico<#LINE#>Israel@Hernández,RodríguezJ.@Victor ,Omar@Romero,Santos@Hernández J.,Antonio@MMacías,López@Higuinio,HerreraJ.@Guadalupe<#LINE#>1-8<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-225.pdf<#LINE#>Colegio de Pos-graduados Campus Puebla, MÉXICO @ Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, MÉXICO @ Centro de Agroecologia del Instituto de Ciencias de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, MÉXICO<#LINE#>4/12/2012<#LINE#>3/1/2013<#LINE#>Different animal breeds characterization, helps identify a population with unique features that differentiate it from others. For this reason, it is necessary for the conservation of these resources through programs of identification, characterization and genetic conservation, thus preventing the extinction of local breeds. The aim of this study is to characterize phenotypically Creole sheep without ears and typify the production system where it grows. This work was performed in three municipalities of the Sierra Norte of Puebla (Zacatlán, Cuautempan and Tetela de Ocampo), involves three stages i. phenotypic characterization, ii. characterization of the production system and iii. data analysis. 11 Zoometric indices and 14 morphometric measurements were explored. For the characterization of the production system, these components were considered, productive, economic, agricultural, social and ranchers. Data were transported to Excel spreadsheets for analysis in the statistical program SAS. In morphological variables is seen a straight profile in 66% of the cases analyzed, the rest present a convex profile, the type of udder is globose by 64%.  Sheep have a PV of 30.78 ± 5.76 kg in females and 28.33 ± 6.31 kg in males. The ALC of 51.80 ± 4.86 cm in females, female AG 54.29 ± 5.19 and 52.08 in male ± 5.16 cm. With respect to the indices was observed ethnological an ICE of 57.30 cm to 57.05 cm IPE ICO of 80.64 cm. For there is a functional indices of IPRO 107.45 cm to 58.47 cm one IPRP the IPEL of 34.74 cm. The animals are raised by older farmers between 55.71 ± 13.97 years with experience in the care of these animals 26.02 ± 14.12 years and have surfaces below one hectare property. The Creole sheep without ears is a small animal with harmonious proportions, has a straight profile, medium-length neck and slightly muscular trunk is proportional to the size of the animal with narrow thorax and small udder, the limbs are thin, naked and well plumb. Producers are speaking Nahuatl and Totonac devoid of financial and technological capital and consider its production as a means of saving. <#LINE#> @ @ Hernández-Treviño I., Utilização de Palma Forrageira (Opuntia fícus indica Mill) em Substituição ao Milho ao Desempenho de Cordeiros Santa Inês [Tesis maestría] Universidad Federal da Paraíba Brasil, 1- 87 (2009) @No $ @ @ Medrano J.A., Local Animal Resources Center Mexico,Archives of zootechny, 49, 385-390 (2000) @No $ @ @ Díaz P., Sheep production systems in the tropics: general management aspects. Sustainable production of tropical sheep, Veracruz, Mexico. In: Glafiro Torres, H.G. Díaz R.P. Editores, 135-149 (1999) @No $ @ @ Vuren D.V. and Hendrick P.W., Genetic conservation in feral populations of livestock, in: Reading From Conservation Genetic, To preserve Biodiversity, An overview. Society for conservation Biology ond Blackwell Sciencie, inc. Edit By David Ehrenfeld, 198-203 (1994) @No $ @ @ Perezgrovas R., The Creole Chiapas sheep: A History of fleeces, global markets and women wool skirts, biodiversity, 37, 19-21 (2003) @No $ @ @ Russell N.D., Rios J.G. and Erosa M.D., Genetic differentiation among geographically isolated populations of Criollo cattle and their divergence from other Bos taurus breeds, Journal Animal Science, 78, 2314-2322 (2000) @No $ @ @ Oppenheim A.N., Questionnaire design, interviewing and attitude measurement, Pinter publisher Ltd, London, UK, (1997) @No $ @ @ INEGI, Statistical Yearbook of the State of Puebla,National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics, Puebla, Puebla, 1, 175-188 (2010) @No $ @ @ Oliveira F.M., Ojeda F.S.C. and Hernández T.I., et al. Avaliação Fenotípica de Ovelhas da Raça Texel Criadas na Parte Alta do Pantanal, Boletim de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, Embrapa Pantanal, 7 -24 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hernández Z., Guerra F., Herrera M., Rodero E., Sierra A., Bañuelos A. and Delgado J., Study of genetic resources in Mexico: morphometric and morphostructural of Puebla native goats, Archives of zootechny, 51, 53-64 (2002) @No $ @ @ Hernández Z.J.S., The Caprinocultura under Puebla’s (Mexico): livestock contribution of goats and production systems, Archives of Animal zootechny, 49, 341-352 (2000) @No $ @ @ Roche A., Salinas M., Santander L., Andaluz E., Peña F. and Herrera M., Roya Bilbilitana sheep breed, Morphostructural quantitative traits, In XXXI and IX International Scientific Conference of the Spanish Society of Ovinotecnia and Caprinotecnia, Zamora, Spain, (2006) @No $ @ @ Romualdo J.G., Sierra A.C., J.R. Ortiz y J.S. Hernández, Morphometric characterization of local Pelibuey sheep Yucatan, Mexico, Latin American Animal Production Files, 12(1), 26-31 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bravo S.Y. and Sepúlveda N., Zoometric index in Creole Araucanas Sheep, International Journal Morphology, 28(2), 489-495 (2010) @No $ @ @ SAS Institute Inc. The Analyst Application, Second Edition, Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. North Carolina, USA (1999) @No $ @ @ Sánchez L., Fernández B., López M. and Sánchez B., Racial profiling and productive guidance in Galician sheep breed, Archives of zootechny, 49, 167-174 (2000) @No $ @ @ Herrera M.Y. and Luque M., Morphostructure and systems for the future in the morphological assessment, In: morphological assessment of domestic animals, Sañudo, A.C. (Ed.). 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<#LINE#>Biodegradation Potentials of Mycoflora Isolated from Auto Mobile Workshop Soils on Flow Station Crude Oil Sludge<#LINE#>O.I.@Enabulele,O.N.@Obayagbona<#LINE#>9-18<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-232.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, NIGERIA @ Microbiology Laboratory, Edo Environmental Consults and Laboratory, Palm House Annex, Benin City, NIGERIA<#LINE#>17/12/2012<#LINE#>29/1/2013<#LINE#>The biodegradation potentials of soil mycobiota isolated from six auto mobile workshops and a farmland in Benin City on flow station crude oil sludge was investigated. Serial dilution and pour plate methods were utilized in the isolation and enumeration of the fungal bioload of the soil samples. The heterotrophic fungal counts ranged from 0.2 ×10 cfu/g  to 3.6 ×10 cfu/g. Twenty (20) fungal species were  identified from the soil samples; Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terrus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus versicolor,  Emericella nidulans, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., Moniliella sp., Pichia farinosa, Sporobolomyces sp., Candida sp., Rhodotorula sp., Curvularia sp., Mucor sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium sp., Penicillium sp.2, Penicillium italicum and Penicillium chrysogenum.  A. flavus and A. nidulans had the highest percentage prevalence (85.7%).  Physicochemical analyses revealed that the soil samples were acidic (pH 5.81-6.40) and sandy (50.3%-64.80%). Colorimetric screening indicated that Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terrus, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., consortium of yeasts and the filamentous fungal consortium were able to maximally utilize the sludge as the sole source of carbon and energy. The growth profile results obtained for A. flavus revealed a decrease in pH (7.2 – 4.8), an increase in turbidity and colony counts (12 FAU – 229 FAU) (1.8 × 10 cfu/ml – 3.6 × 10 cfu/ml)   during the 20 day incubation period. Amongst the growth profile cultures, Aspergillus flavus caused the highest percentage reduction in the residual TPH (DRO) content of the inoculated sludge (84%). Soils within the vicinities of auto mechanic workshops are viable sources of hydrocarbonclastic fungi. <#LINE#> @ @ Bento F.M., Camargo F.A.V., Okeke B.C. and Frankenberger W.T., Comparative bioremediation of soils contaminated with diesel oil by natural attenuation, bioestimation and bioaugmentation,  Bioresource Technology,  96, 1049-1055 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ayotamuno M.J., Okparanma R.N. and Amadi F., Enhanced remediation of an oily sludge with saline water,  AfricanJournal of  Environmental  Science and Technology,  5(4),262-267 (2011) @No $ @ @ Ayotamuno M.J., Okparanma R.N., Nweneka E.K., Ogaji S.O.T. and Probet S.D., Bioremediation of a sludge containing hydrocarbons,  Applied  Energy,  , 936-943 (2007) @No $ @ @ Akoachere J.T.K., Akenji T.N., Yongabi F.N., Nkwelang G. and Ndip R.N., Lubricating oil degrading bacteria in soils from filling stations and auto mechanic workshops, in Buea, Cameroun: Occurrence and characteristics of isolates,  African Journal of Biotechnology,  7(11), 1700-1706 (2008) @No $ @ @ Bennett J.W., Wunch K.G. and Faison B.D., Use of fungi biodegradation, In: Manual of Environmental Microbiology,  C.J.  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<#LINE#>Cytotoxic activity and Antioxidant Potentials of hexane and Methanol extracts of IR64 Rice bran against Human Lung (A549) and Colon (HCT116) Carcinomas<#LINE#>Dapar@MarkLloydG.,F.Garzon@Jonathan,Demayo@CesarG.<#LINE#>19-23<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-006.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University- Iligan Institute of Technology,Andress Bonifacio Avenue, Tibanga, Iligan City, 9200, PHILIPPINES<#LINE#>11/1/2013<#LINE#>26/1/2013<#LINE#>Rice bran is a byproduct of rice milling process which contains significant amount of natural phytochemicals. The IR64 rice variety is a high-yielding, semi-dwarf and mostly grown variety in the tropics. This study aims to determine the cytotoxic and antioxidant potentials of IR64 rice bran. The sample was subjected to sequential extraction using hexane and ethanol. The concentrated extracts were diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The cytotoxic activity of hexane and ethanol extracts was analyzed using the Methyl Thiazol Tetrazollium (MTT) Assay for human lung and colon carcinomas. Both extracts were also analyzed by Cytotoxicity Assay using lymphocytes from normal blood. The antioxidant property was evaluated by free radical diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. The result of MTT Assay revealed that ethanol extract inhibit proliferation of human lung and colon carcinomas at 10181 µg/ml and 6650 µg/ml, respectively. The ethanol extract demonstrated 79.79% inhibition against DPPH. Based on the cytoxicity assay conducted, it shows that the sample is not toxic to normal cells (lymphocytes) having an average of only 14 cells died at a 193 cell population (7.25 per 100 cells) compared to the base cell medium as untreated control and 2.5% DMSO in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). No cytotoxicity and antioxidant potentials were exhibited by the hexane extract. It was concluded that IR64 rice bran ethanol extract is a potential source of bioactive compound/s against both human lung and colon carcinomas and a potential antioxidant against free radicals.  <#LINE#> @ @ Kahlon T.S., Rice Bran: Production, Composition, Functionality and Food Applications, Physiological Benefits. In Fiber Ingredients: Food Applications and Health Benefits; Cho S. S., Samuel P., Eds.; Taylor and Francis Group, LLC: Boca Raton, pp 30521 (2009) @No $ @ @ Cai H., Al-Fayez M., Tunstall R.G., Platton S., Greaves P., Steward W.P. and Gescher A.J., The rice bran constituent tricin potently inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes and interferes with intestinal carcinogenesis in ApcMin mice, Mol. Cancer Ther., 4(9), 1287–92 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kannan A., Hettiarachchy N., Johnson M.G. and Nannapaneni R., Human colon and liver cancer cell proliferation inhibition by peptide hydrolysates derived from heat-stabilized defatted rice bran, J. Agric. 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Q., Iwasaki T., Kobayashi H., Mori H., Preventive effect of fermented brown rice and rice bran against colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rats, Oncol. Rep.,9(4), 817–22 (2002) @No $ @ @ Koh J.H., Suh H.J., Biological Activities of Thermotolerant Microbes from Fermented Rice Bran as an Alternative Microbial Feed Additive, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 157(3), 420–430 (2009) @No $ @ @ Nam S.H., Choi S.P., Kang M.Y., Koh H.J., Kozukue N. and Friedman M., Bran extracts from pigmented rice seeds inhibit tumor promotion in lymphoblastoid B cells by phorbol ester, Food Chem. 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Patho., 62(3), 259-68 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mori H., Kawabata K., Yoshimi N., Tanaka T., Murakami T., Okada T. and Murai H., Chemopreventive effects of ferulic acid on oral and rice germ on large bowel carcinogenesis, Anticancer Res.,19(5A), 3775–8 (1999) @No $ @ @ Hudson E.A., Dinh P.A., Kokubun T., Simmonds M.S.J.and Gescher A., Characterization of Potentially Chemopreventive Phenols in Extracts of Brown Rice That Inhibit the Growth of Human Breast and Colon Cancer Cells, Cancer Epidemiol., Biomarkers Prev., , 1163–70 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mosmann T., Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays, Journal of Immunological Methods,65(1–2), 55–63 (1983) @No $ @ @ Cole S.P.C., Rapid chemosensitivity testing of human lung tumour cells using MTT Assay, Camer Chemother Pharmacol, 17, 259-263 (1986) @No $ @ @ Alley M.C., Scudiere D.A., Monks A., Hursey M.L., Czerwinski M.J., Fine D.L., Abbott B.J., Mayo J.G., Shoemaker R.H. and Boyd M.R., Feasibility of drug screening with panels of human tumour cell lines using a microculture tetrazollium assay, Cancer Res.,48, 589–601 (1988) @No $ @ @ Freshney I.R., Culture of Animal Cells. A Manual of Basic Technique, 3rd edition. Department of Medical Oncology. CRC Beatson, University of Glasgow (2007) @No $ @ @ Kshirsagar R. and Upadhyay S., Free radical scavenging activity screening of medicinal plants from Tripura, Northest India, Indian J. of Natural Products and Resources, 8(2),117-122 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sen C.K., Khanna S. and Roy S., Tocotrienol: the natural vitamin E to defend the nervous system?, Ann N Y Acad Sci., 1031, 127-42 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sun W., Yan Y. and Dong F., Progression of tocotrienols. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu., 33(2),243-5 (2004) @No $ @ @ Aggarwal B.B., Sundaram C., Prasad S. and Kannappan R., Tocotrienols, the vitamin E of the 21st century: Its potential against cancer and other chronic diseases, Biochemical Pharmacology,80, 1613–1631 (2010) @No $ @ @ Agarwal M.K., Agarwal M.L., Athar M. and Gupta S., Tocotrienol-rich fraction of palm oil activates p53, modulates Bax/Bcl2 ratio and induces apoptosis independent of cell cycle association, Cell Cycle, 4(3), 205–11 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sun W., Wang Q., Chen B., Liu J., Liu H. and Xu W., Gamma-tocotrienol-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells is associated with a suppression in mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling, Br J Nutr.,99:1247–54 (2008) @No $ @ @ Park S.K., Sanders B.G. and Kline K., Tocotrienols induce apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines via an endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent increase in extrinsic death receptor signalling, Breast Cancer Res Treat, 124(2), 361-75 (2010) @No $ @ @ Shah S. and Sylvester P.W., Tocotrienol-induced caspase-8 activation is unrelated to death receptor apoptotic signaling in neoplastic mammary epithelial cells, Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 229, 745–55 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rickmann M., Vaquero E.C., Malagelada J.R. and Molero X., Tocotrienols induce apoptosis and autophagy in rat pancreatic stellate cells through the mitochondrial death pathway, Gastroenterology, 132, 2518–32 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sakai M., Okabe M., Tachibana H. and Yamada K., Apoptosis induction by gamma-tocotrienol in human hepatoma Hep3B cells, J Nutr Biochem, 17, 672–6 (2006) @No $ @ @ Xu W.L., Liu J.R., Liu H.K., Qi G.Y., Sun X.R., Sun W.G. and Chen B.Q., Inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis by gamma-tocotrienol in human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells, Nutrition, 25, 555–66 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sun W., Xu W., Liu H., Liu J., Wang Q., Zhou J., Dong F. and Chen B., gamma-Tocotrienol induces mitochondriamediated apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC- 7901 cells, J Nutr Biochem.,20, 276–84 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sylvester P.W. and Shah S., Intracellular mechanisms mediating tocotrienol-induced apoptosis in neoplastic mammary epithelial cells, Asia Pac J Clin Nutr., 14, 366–73 (2005) @No $ @ @ Srivastava J.K. and Gupta S., Tocotrienol-rich fraction of palm oil induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis selectively in human prostate cancer cells, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 346, 447–53 (2006) @No $ @ @ Sukhonthara S., Theerakulkait C. and Miyazawa M., Characterization of Volatile Aroma Compounds from Red and Black Rice Bran, J. Oleo Sci.,58(3), 155–160 (2009) @No $ @ @ Heuberger A.L., Lewis M.R., Chen M.H., Brick M.A., Leach J.E. and Ryan E.P., Metabolomic and Functional Genomic Analyses Reveal Varietal Differences in Bioactive Compounds of Cooked Rice, PLOS One, 5(9), e12195 (2010) @No
<#LINE#>Studies on the Proteins and Proteolytic activity of indoor reared Tasar silkworm,  Antheraea mylitta. D (Daba TV)<#LINE#>Shiva@Kumar,G.@Shamitha<#LINE#>24-29<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-018.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506009, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA<#LINE#>4/2/2013<#LINE#>9/3/2013<#LINE#>Tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury distributed as various ecoraces, is a forest-grown, trivoltine, polyphagous insect feeding primarily on Terminalia arjuna and is commercially exploited in varied tropical zones of India. Its traditional rearing in forest plantations has many disadvantages like erratic climatic conditions, lack of supervision and easy access to pests and predators, leading to extremely low cocoon yield. As there is a need to evolve a new method of rearing to stabilize tasar production, consistent efforts are being made towards” indoor rearing”, from first instar to spinning.  In the present investigation, a comparative analysis of the growth and biochemical aspects of indoor reared Tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta.D (Daba TV) is reported. It is observed that the protein content and Proteolytic activity in the fourth and fifth instars of indoor worms, reared under lower temperature and higher humidity than that of outdoor conditions, is higher than that of the outdoor worms in all the three crops. <#LINE#> @ @ Jolly M.S., Sen S.K. and Das M.G., Tasar Culture, Ambika Publishers, Bombay, 1992-93, 134-147 (1975) @No $ @ @ Jolly M.S., A new technique of rearing tasar silkworm, Indian silk, , 17-18 (1971) @No $ @ @ Jolly M.S., Ashan M.M. and Khanna R.P., A new technique of rearing tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta, D, Proc. of first international seminar on non-mulberry silks, Oct 3-4, 1974 (1973) @No $ @ @ Jolly M.S., Sen S.K. and Ashan M.M., Tasar culture, Ambika publishers, Bombay, 1992-1993, 134-147 (1974) @No $ @ @ Mira Madan, Neeru Saluja and Padma Vasudevan, Polythene bag method: A new technique for rearing tasar silkworm till the third instar, Indian silk, 30(8), 41-46 (1991) @No $ @ @ Thangavelu K., Identification of problems and prospects in tasar culture. CTR and TI, Ranchi, Proc. of the workshop held on 29-30, Aug-92, Kakatiya University and C.S.B, Warangal, A.P., India, 57-62 (1993) @No $ @ @ Choudhari C.C., Dubey O.P., Sinha S.S. and Sen Gupta K., Studies on the different techniques of young stage silkworm rearing, Annual reports, CTR&TI, Ranchi (1987) @No $ @ @ Rath S., Sinha B.R.R.R.P. and Thangavelu K., Comparative food utilization and adult characters in Antheraea mylitta D. fed on different host plants, Proceedings in national seminar on tropical sericulture: Non-mulberry sericulture, Silk technology, Sericulture Economics and Extension, , 12-16 (1999) @No $ @ @ Ojha N.G., Saran S.K., Rai S. and Pandey P.N., Studies on the sex wise consumption and utilization of the leaves of different food plants in different ecoraces of tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury during fifth instar of the first crop, International J. Wild Silkmoth and Silk, 5, 241-245 (2000) @No $ @ @ Sinha U.S.P., Bajpai C.M., Sinha A.K., Brahmhachari B.N. and Sinha B.R.R.P., Food consumption and utilization in Antheraea mylitta Drury larvae, Int. J. Wild Silk moth & Silk, 5, 182-186 (2000) @No $ @ @ Patil G.M. and Savanurmath C.J., Moth emergence, mating, egg laying and egg hatchability in tasar silk moth, Antheraea paphia (Linn) under Bangalore (Karnataka) Indoor conditions, The Journal of the Karnataka University Science, 33, 15-18 (1988) @No $ @ @ Patil G.M. and Savanurmath C.J., Can tropical tasar, Antheraea paphia be reared indoor Entomon,14 (3&4), 217-225 (1989) @No $ @ @ Shamitha G., Comparative Studies on Tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury, Andhra local ecorace under outdoor and indoor conditions, Ph.D Thesis submitted to Kakatiya university, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India (1998) @No $ @ @ Shamitha G., Total indoor rearing of the Tasar silkworm, Everyman’s Science, XLII NO. 4, Oct ’07 — Nov ’07 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L. and Randall R.J., Protein Measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent, J. Biol. Chem., 193, 265–275 (1951) @No $ @ @ Anson M.L., Estimation of pepsin, trypsin, papain and cathepsin with haemoglobin, J.Gen. Physiol, 22, 79-89 (1938) @No $ @ @ Kunitz M., Crystalline Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor: II. General Properties, j. Gen Physiol., 30, 291-310 (1947) @No $ @ @ Barsagade D.D. and Tembhare B., Haemolymph amino acids and protein profile in the tropical Tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Entomon, 29(3), 261-266 (2004) @No $ @ @ Yoko Takasu, Hiraomi Yamada and Kozo Tsubouchi, Isolation of three main sericin components from the cocoon of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 66(12), 2715-2718 (2002) @No $ @ @ Rupesh Dash, Chitrangada Acharya, P.C., Bindu and Kundu S.C., Antioxidant potential of silk protein sericin against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in skin fibroblasts, BMB reports, 236-241 (2007) @No $ @ @ Duman J.G., Xu L., Neven L.G., Tursman D. and Wu D.W., Hemolymph proteins involved in insect subzerotemperature tolerance: ice nucleators and antifreeze proteins. In: Insects at low temperature (eds. Lee, R.E., and Denlinger, D.L.). New York: Chapman and Hall, 94–127 (1991) @No $ @ @ Anita Singh, Ratnesh Kr Sharma, Bechan Sharma, Low temperature induced alterations in certain biochemical constituents of 5th instar larvae of Philosamia ricini (Lepidoptera: Satunidae), Open Access Insect Physiology, 2, 11-16 (2010) @No $ @ @ Zhao Z., Progress in the research on mechanism of insects cold hardiness, Entomol Sinica, 4(3), 265–276 (1997) @No $ @ @ Omana J. and Gopinathan K.P., Heat shock response in mulberry silkworm races with different thermo tolerances, J Biosci., 20(4), 499–513 (1995) @No $ @ @ Levenbook L., Insect storage proteins; in Comprehensive insect physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology (eds) G A Kerkut and L I Gilbert (Oxford: Pergamon Press), 307-346 (1985) @No $ @ @ Man Singh A. and Baquaya V., Amino acids in insects, changing during ontogeny and various physiological and pathological conditions Lab, Dev. J. Sci. Tech., , 158-182 (1971) @No $ @ @ Nagota M., Silkworm developmental studies, Journal of Sericultural Scienceof Japan, 45, 328–336 (1976) @No $ @ @ Radha Pant, Some biochemical aspects of the eri silkworm, Philosamia ricini, Sericologia,24(1), 53-91 (1984) @No $ @ @ Shamitha G. and Purushotham Rao, A Estimation of amino acids, urea, uric acid in tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta D., Journal of Environmental Biology, 29(6), 893-896 (2008) @No $ @ @ Thangavelu K., Bajpayee C.M. and Bania H.R., Indoor rearing of tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta D. Wild silk moths, 99-103 (1990) @No $ @ @ Thirumalaisamy R., Gowrishankar J., Suganthapriya S., Prakash B., Ashok Kumar L. and Arunachalam G., Genetic variability in by biochemical and bioassay methods for increased silk productivity, J Biomed Sci and Res., 1(1), 11-18 (2009) @No
<#LINE#>Epiphyte Diversity on Avenue Trees of National and State Highways of Udupi District, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>D@Cunha,Poornima@Jyothi,P.V.@Gowda<#LINE#>30-39<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-028.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Bhandarkar’s Arts and Science College, Kundapura, Udupi District, Karnataka, INDIA @ Mahatma Gandhi Memorial College, Udupi, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>12/2/2013<#LINE#>6/3/2013<#LINE#>The epiphytic diversity on avenue trees was assessed in one national highway and two state highways of Udupi district, Karnataka. The study showed that diversity of epiphytes on woody substratum comparatively similar in two state highways and one national highway of the study area,  but recorded high abundance of epiphytes on fast growing, exotic tree varieties in national highways as compared to the  state highways. There is no significant difference between Shannon’s diversity and Pielou's evenness values between National Highway 66 (2.183, 0.878) and State Highways (2.304, 0.927). The abundance of encountered epiphytic species belongs to Family Orchidaceae. The native avenue trees with larger girth supported more epiphyte species in both the national and state highways. <#LINE#> @ @ Benzing D.H., Bromeliad trichomes structure, function and ecological significance. Bark surfaces and the origin and maintenance of diversity of angiosperm epiphytes, a hypothesis, , 248-255 (1976) @No $ @ @ Benzing D.H., The Biology of vascular epiphytes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (1990) @No $ @ @ Benzing H., Bark surfaces and the origin and maintenance of diversity among angiosperm epiphytes, a hypothesis, , 248-255 (1981) @No $ @ @ Coxson D. and Nadkarni N.M., Ecological roles of epiphytes in nutrient cycles of forest ecosystems,  Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 495–546 (1995) @No $ @ @ Gentry A.H. and Dodson C.H., Diversity and Biogeography of Neotropical Vascular Epiphytes, Annals of the Miss. Bot. Gar., 74, 205–233 (1987) @No $ @ @ Goddings H., Greenwood J. and Turnbull A., Vascular Epiphyte Diversity within the La Chonta Forestry Concession, Bolivia, Project Bosque, University of Edinburgh and the University of Uppsala (2006) @No $ @ @ Kelly D.L., Tanner J., Lughadha E.M. and Kapos V., Floristics and Biogeography of A Rain Forest in the Venezuelan Andes, J. Biogeogr.21, 421-440 (1994) @No $ @ @ Nadkarni N.M., Epiphyte biomass and nutrient capital of a Neotropical elfin forest, Biotropica., 16, 249–256 (1984) @No $ @ @ Nadkarni N.M. and Matelson T., Bird use of epiphyte resources in neotropical trees, Condor., 69, 891- 907 (1989) @No $ @ @ Neider J. and Barthlott W., Epiphytes and Canopy Fauna of The Otonga Rain Forest (Ecuador), 2 of 2 (2001) @No $ @ @ Nieder J., Engwald S. and Barthlott W., Patterns of Neotropical Epiphyte Diversity, Selbyana, 20, 66-75 (1999) @No $ @ @ Pike L.H., Denisond W.C., Tracym and Sherwood E., Floristic survey of epiphytic lichens and bryophytes growing on living, old-growth conifers in western Oregon, The Bryologist, 391- 404 (1975) @No $ @ @ Sanford W., The distribution of epiphytic orchids in Nigeria in relation to each other and to geographic location and climate, type of vegetation and tree species, Bio. J. Linn. Soc., , 247-285 (1968) @No $ @ @ Went F.W., Sociological and Biogeographical study of tropical forests, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buletin, 50, 1-98 (1940) @No $ @ @ Zotz G. and Hietz P., The Physiology Ecology of Vascular Epiphytes, J. of Expt. Bot.52, 2067–2078 (2001) @No 
<#LINE#>DNA-binding Activity and Partial Characterization by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of Curcuma longa L. SC-CO2  Extracts<#LINE#>Socorro@MagdaleneMaeL.Del,G.Teves@Franco,Madamba@Ma.ReinaSuzetteB.<#LINE#>40-44<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-029.pdf<#LINE#> Dept. of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, PHILIPPINES<#LINE#>13/2/2013<#LINE#>23/3/2013<#LINE#>Nowadays, an increasing interest in a number of plants for their medicinal properties had been shown by a large number of scientific studies conducted. Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) is among those studied plants demonstrating potential medicinal properties. In this study, SC-CO2 extracts of C. longa L. using a local variety were characterized and studied for their DNA-binding activity using the Biomolecular-chemical screening method. Results showed Rf-ratio  values ranges from 0.50-0.83 which indicate the presence of compounds with strong to moderate affinity towards DNA. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was employed for the detection and characterization of the compounds present in the extracts. FTIR results of C. longa L. extracts at 10MPa, 20MPa and 30MPa  revealed almost the same high peak levels which indicate the presence of the same functional groups O-H stretching in phenols, -C-H stretching of alkanes and C=O stretch of carbonyl groups. Presence of these functional groups and DNA-binding affinity exhibited by C. longa L. towards DNA suggests that the plant has a potential pharmacological property.<#LINE#> @ @ Alagammal M., Paulpriya K.., and and Mohan V.R., Anticancer activity of Ethanol extract of DC whole Plant against Dalton Ascites Lymphoma, Research Journal of Recent Sciences2.Asawalam E.F. and Igwe U.,curcuma longa l. rhizomes and extracts against the khapra beetle (everts) (coleoptera dermestidae) on stored groundnut, Agricultural Science Research Journals(2012) @No $ @ @ Hegde C.R., Madhuri M., Swaroop N.T., Das A., Bhattacharya S. and Rohit K.C., Evaluation of  Antimicrobial Properties, Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Leaf Extracts of Punica granatum L, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences I., 1(2), 32-37 (2012) @No $ @ @ Luthra P.M., Singh R. and Chandra R., Therapeutic uses of   Curcuma longa (turmeric), Indian J Clin Biochem., 16(2), 153–160 (2001) @No $ @ @ Bimakr M., Rahman R.A., Taip F.S., Chuan L.T., Ganjloo A., Selamat J. and Hamid A., Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC-CO2) Extraction of Bioactive Flavonoid Compounds from Spearmint (Mentha Spicata L.) Leaves, European Journal of Scientific Research, 33(4), 679-690 (2009) @No $ @ @ Maier A., Maul C., Zerlin M., Grabley S. and Thiericke R., Biomolecular-chemical screening: a novel screening approach for the discovery of biologically active secondary metabolites, II. Application studies with pure metabolites, J Antibiot., 52(11), 952-9 (1999) @No $ @ @ Kumar J.K. and Prasad A.G., Identification and Comparison of Biomolecules in Medicinal Plants of Tephrosia tinctoria amd Atylosia albicans By Using FTIR, Romanian J. Biophysis., 21(1), 63–71 (2011) @No $ @ @ Maier A., Maul C., Zerlin M., Sattler I., Grabley S. and Thiericke R., Biomolecular-chemical screening: a novel screening approach for the discovery of biologically active secondary metabolites. I. Screening strategy and validation, J Antibiot., 52(11), 945-51 (1999) @No $ @ @ Taylor R.A. and Leonard M.C., Curcumin for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Human Studies, Alternative Medicine Review, LLC., 6(2), 152-153 (2011) @No $ @ @ Skrzypczak-Jankun E.,  Zhou K., McCabe N.P., et al.. Structure of curcumin in complex with lipoxygenase and its significance in cancer, Int J Mol Med., 12, 17-24 (2003) @No $ @ @ Shishodia S., Singh T., and Chaturvedi M.M., Modulation of transcription factors by curcumin, Adv Exp Med Biol.,595, 127-148 (2007) @No $ @ @ Shachi S., Antimitotic activity of a New Compound Isolated from the Flower of Prosopis juliflora, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(6), 22-26 (2012) @No $ @ @ Del Rio D., Borges G. and Crozier A., Berry avonoids and phenolics: bioavailability and evidence of protective effects, British Journal of Nutrition,104, S67–S90 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sharma A. and Sharma P., Genetic and Phytochemical analysis of Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonaloba (L.) Taub) by RAPD and HPLC, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(2), 1-9 (2013) @No $ @ @ Aweng E.R., Nur Hanisah, Mohd Nawi M.A., Nurhanan Murni Y.and Shamsul M.,Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds of Vitex Trifolia Var, Simplicifolia Associated with Anticancer,  ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences,1(3), 65-68 (2012) @No $ @ @ Masih U., Shrimali R., and Naqvi S.M.A., Antibacterial Activity of Acetone and Ethanol Extracts of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) on four Food Spoilage Bacteria, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences,1(4), 7-11 (2012) @No $ @ @ Akram M., Uddin S., Ahmed A., Usmanghani K., Hanna A., Mohiuddin E. and Asif M., Curcuma longa and Curcumin: A Review Article, Rom. J. Biol. – Plant Biol.,55(2), 65–70 (2010) @No $ @ @ Chattopadhyay I., Biswas K., Bandyopadhyay U. and Banerjee R.K., Turmeric and  curcumin: Biological        actions and medicinal applications, Current Science,  87(1)(2004) @No $ @ @ Tajbakhsh S., Mohammadi K., Deilami I., Zandi K., Fouladvand M., E. Ramedani and Asayesh G., Antibacterial activity of indium curcumin and Indium diacetylcurcumin, African Journal of Biotechnology,   7 (21), 3832-3835(2008) @No $ @ @ Braga M.M., Leal P.F., Carvalho J.E. and MEIRELES M.A.,Comparison of Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Extracts Obtained Using Various Techniques, (2003) @No 
<#LINE#>Isolation of Fungal Species and Detection of Aflatoxin Fromsoy Milk Products using Elisa method<#LINE#>Beley@MaetreseArianneJ.,Teves@FrancoG.,Madamba@Ma.ReinaSuzetteB.<#LINE#>45-48<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-039.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Lanao del Norte, PHILIPPINES  <#LINE#>20/2/2013<#LINE#>28/3/2013<#LINE#>Fungal species isolated from the two batches of five randomly selected commercial soy milk samples were identified and found to be species of Aspergillus and Fusarium which are known to produce toxins detrimental when consumed at high levels particularly aflatoxin. Aflatoxin contamination in milk and other dairy products has been a serious worldwide problem has resulted in serious food safety and economic implications for the agriculture industry. Unfortunately here in the Philippines, despite the evolving dairy industry, only few studies have made about aflatoxin contamination. The aim of the study was to examine presence of aflatoxin on the milk samples were fungal species of Aspergillus and Fusarium was isolated, using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Milk sample 1 showed the highest amount of aflatoxin level with an average of 0.7 ppb. It exceeds the level of 0.5 ppb limit which was presented by the Food and Drug Administration in Table1. However, milk sample showed the lowest average amount of aflatoxin level with 0.6 ppb, but it still exceed the limit of 0.5 ppb. However, results must have to be first verified and analyzed to contribute to the additional information about the cases in aflatoxin contamination of milk products.  <#LINE#> @ @  Brown S., Aspergillus niger genomics: Past, present and into the future, Medical Mycology (2006) @No $ @ @  Klich M.A. and Pitt J.I., 1988. Differentiation of Aspergillus flavus from Aspergillus parasiticus and other closely related species, Trans Brit Myco Soc. The Mycological Society of America (2009) @No $ @ @  Waghode S.M. and Garode A.M., Analysis of Microbial Contamination in Food Grade Samples at the Industrial Production Level (2012) @No $ @ @  Adjou Euloge S, et.al. Antifungal activity of Ocimumcanum Essential oil against Toxinogenic Fungi isolated from Peanut Seeds in post-harvest in Benin (2012) @No $ @ @ Sessou Philippe et.al. Chemical Composition and Antifungal activity of Essential oil of Fresh leaves of Ocimumgratissimum from Benin against six Mycotoxigenic Fungi isolated from traditional cheese wagashi (2012) @No $ @ @  Wolushuk C.P. and Prieto R., Genetic Organization and Function of Aflatoxin B1 Biosynthesis Genes, EMS Microbiology Letters 160, Retrieved from FEMS Microbiology Letters (2010) @No $ @ @  Chang P.K., Ehrlich K.C., Yu J., Bhatnagar D. and Cleveland T.E., Increased expression of Aspergillus parasiticus aflR, encoding a sequence specific DNA-binding protein, relieves nitrate inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthesis, Applied and Environmental Microbiology Journal (1995) @No $ @ @  Wilson D.M., Mubatanhema W. and Jurjevic Z., Biology and Ecology of MycotoxigenicAspergillus species as related to economic and Health concerns, Mycotoxins and Food Safety. Kluwer Academic Plenum Publications. Retrieved from www.cmr.asm.org (June 4, 2012) (2012) @No $ @ @  Majumdar Tania, Chakraborty Runu and Raychaudhuri Utpal Garode, Study on Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay and Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification and Quantification of Staphylococcus aureus in Pure Culture and Food Samples (2013) @No $ @ @  Horn B.W., A Sexual Stage of Aspergillus parasiticus. The Mycological Society of America, Mycologia pp.275-280. DOI:10.3852/08-205 (2009) @No $ @ @ Baker S., Aspergillus niger genomics: Past, present and into the future, Medical Mycology (2006) @No $ @ @ Vincelli P., G. Parker, S. McNeil, Aflatoxins in Corn. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Kentucky. College of Agriculture (2010) @No $ @ @ Fung F., Clark R. and Williams S., Stachybotrys, a Mycotoxin-producing Fungus of Increasing Toxigenic Importance, Journal Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology, 36, 79-86 (1998) @No
<#LINE#>In vitro Pollen Viability and Pollen Germination in Medlar (Mespilus germanica L.)<#LINE#>Aysun@CAVUSOGLU,SULUSOGLU@Melekber<#LINE#>49-53<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-041.pdf<#LINE#> Kocaeli University, Arslanbey Agricultural Vocational School, TR-41285, Kocaeli, TURKEY <#LINE#>22/2/2013<#LINE#>13/3/2013<#LINE#>The study was carried out to determine in vitro pollen viability and pollen germination of 4 cultivar and 4 wild types of medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) plants. Two pollen viability tests (TTC and IKI) and one in vitro pollen germination test (Agar Plate) at four different germination media were used in the study. The viability varied significantly according to the genotypes of medlar and tests used. However pollen viability in the IKI test was generally higher (84.83-100 %) and stable than TTC test (11.78-91.66 %) in freshly obtained pollen. In the second step, pollen viabilities of six months stored at +4 C and freshly obtained pollen were compared at IKI test. After 6 months storage at +4 C, pollen viability was highly maintained (72.22 %- 94.05 % for all genotypes). Therefore no significantly difference observed among storage time or plant types. The fresh pollen germination in agar plate tests varied between (16.4 %-66.67 % ) for all germination media and plant types but any significantly difference was seen among the media or plant types.  <#LINE#> @ @ Browicz K., Mespilus L., In P. H. Davis (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburg: Edinburg University Pres., , 128-129 (1972) @No $ @ @ Baytop T., Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi, Geçmiçte ve Bugün (Therapy with Medicinal Plants inTurkey Past and Present) (2nd ed.) Nobel Tp Pres. Çapa stanbul, 480 (In Turkish) (1999) @No $ @ @ Kültür ., Medicinal plants used in Krklareli Province (Turkey), J Ethnopharmacol, 111, 341-364 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nabavi S. F., Nabavi S. M., Ebrahimzadeh M. A. and Asgarirad H., The antioxidant activity of wild medlar Mespilus germanica L.) fruit, stem bark and leaf, Afr J Biotechnol, 10(2), 283-289 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bibalani G. H. and Mosazadeh-Sayadmahaleh F., Medicinal benefits and usage of medlar (Mespilus germanica) in Gilan province (Roudsar District), Iran, J Med Plants Res, 6(7), 1155-1159 (2012) @No $ @ @ Gruz J., Ayaz F. A., Torun H. and  Strnad M., Phenolic acid content and radical scavenging activity of extracts from medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) fruit at different stages of ripening, Food Chem, 124, 271-277 (2011) @No $ @ @ Dincer B., Colak A., Aydin N., Kadioglu A. and Güner S., Characterization of polyphenoloxidase from medlar fruits Mespilus germanica L. Rosaceae), Food Chem, 77, 1-7 (2002) @No $ @ @ Glew R. H., Ayaz F. A., Sanz C., VanderJagt D. J., Huang H.-S., Chuang L.T. and Strnad M., Changes in sugar, organic acids and amino acids in medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) during fruit development and maturation, Food Chem, 83, 363-369 (2003) @No $ @ @ Hacseferoullar H., Özcan M., Sonmete M. H. and Özbek O., Some physical and chemical parameters of wild medlar Mespilus germanica L.) fruit grown in Turkey, J Food Eng, 69, 1-7 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rop O., Sochor J., Jurikova T., Zitka O., Skutkova H., Mlcek J., Salas P., Krska B., Babula P., Adam V., Kramarova D., Beklova M., Provaznik I. and Kizek R., Effect of five different stages of ripening on chemical compounds in Medlar (Mespilus germanica L.), Molecules, 16, 74-91 (2011) @No $ @ @ Özkan Y., Gerçekçiolu R. and Polat A., Tokat merkez ilçede yetitirilen mumula (Mespilus germanica L.) tiplerinin meyve özelliklerinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir aratrma (A study on the determination of fruit characteristics of medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) types in Tokat central administrative district), Yumuak Çekirdekli Meyveler Sempozyumu Yalova/Turkey, 123-129 (in Turkish) (1997) @No $ @ @ Bostan S. Z. and slam A., Dou Karadeniz Bölgesi mumulalarnn (Mespilus germanica L.) seleksiyon yoluyla slah üzerine bir aratrma (A research on breeding by selection of medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) types in Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey), Türkiye 5. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, Erzurum/Turkey, Cilt : 494-501 (in Turkish) (2007) @No $ @ @ Mendoza-de Gyves E., Cristofori V., Fallovo C., Rouphael Y. and Bignami C., Accurate and rapid technique for leaf area measurement in medlar (Mespilus germanica L.), Adv Hort Sci, 22(3), 223-226 (2008) @No $ @ @ Tosun F. and Koyuncu F., Investigations of suitable pollinator for 0900 Ziraat sweet cherry cv.:pollen performance tests, germination tests, germination procedures, in vitro and in vivo pollinations. Hort Sci (Prague). 34 (2), 47-53 (2007) @No $ @ @ Acar I., Ak B.E. and Sarpkaya K., Effects of boron and gibberellic acid on in vitro pollen germination of pistachio Pistacia vera L.), Afr J Biotechnol, 9(32), 5126-5130 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sharafi Y.,  In vitro pollen germination in stone fruit tree of Rosaceae family, Afr J Agric Res, 6 (28), 6021-6026 (2011) @No $ @ @ Petrisor C., Mitre V., Mitre I., Jantschi L. and Balan M.C., The rate of pollen germination and the pollen viability at ten apple cultivars in the climatic conditions of Transylvania, Bulletin UASVM Horticulture, 69(1), 417-418 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bayazit S., Imrak B. and Çalikan O., Determination of pollen production and quality attributes of some Almond cultivars (Prunus dulcis) and selected wild almond (Amygdalus orientalis) genotypes, Int J Agric Biol, 14, 425-429 (2012) @No $ @ @ Alburquerque N., García-Montiel F. and Burgos L., Influence of storage temperature on the viability of sweet cherry pollen,  Span J Agric Res, 5 (1), 86-90 (2007) @No $ @ @ Perveen A. and Khan S. A., Maintenance of pollen germination capacity of Malus pumila L., (Rosaceae), Pak J Bot, 40 (3), 963-966 (2008) @No $ @ @ Imani A., Kargar M. H., Pireivatlou S. P., Asgari F. and Masomi S. H., Evaluation of germination capacity of stored pollen of almond and peach, Int J of Nuts& Related Sci, 2 (2), 21-26 (2011) @No $ @ @ Sharafi Y., Pollen viability and longevity in some selected genotypes of peach, plum, prune and sour cherry, J Med Plants Res, 5 (2), 275-279 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bhat Z.A., Dhillon W. S., Shafi R. H. S.,  Rather J. A., Mir A. H., Shafi W., Rashid R., Bhat J. A., Rather T. R. and Wani T. A., Influence of storage temperature on viability and in vitro germination capacity of pear (Pyrus spp.) pollen, J Agric Sci, 4 (11), 128-135 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sharafi Y., Study of pollen germination in pome fruit tree of Rosaceae family in vitro, Afr J Plant Sci, 5 (9), 483-488 (2011) @No $ @ @ Oberle G.D. and Watson R., The use of 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) in viability test of fruit pollen,  J Amer Soc Hort Sci, 61, 299-303 (1953) @No $ @ @ Norton J.D., Testing of plum pollen viability with tetrazolium salts, Amer Soc of Hort Sci, 89,132-134 (1966) @No $ @ @ Baker H.G. and Baker I., Starch in angiosperm pollen grains and its evolutionary significance, Amer J Bot, 66(5), 591-600 (1979) @No $ @ @ Eti S., Determining of the capabilities of pollen viability and germination in some fruit species and cultivars via in vitro tests, Cukurova Univ. J. Agric. Faculty, , 69-80 (1991) @No $ @ @ Brewbaker J.L. and Kwack B. H., The essential role of calcium ion in pollen germination and pollen tube growth, Amer J  Bot, 50, 859-865 (1963) @No $ @ @ Duncan D.B., Multiple range and multiple F tests, Biometric,11, 1–42 (1955) @No $ @ @ Dalkiliç Z. and Mestav H. O., In vitro pollen quantity, viability and germination tests in quince, Afr J Biotechnol, 10 (73), 16516-16520 (2011) @No 
<#LINE#>Oxidative Burden and Altered trace Elements as a Biomarker of Excessive Endemic Fluoride Exposure in School Children of Eastern Region in Rajasthan India<#LINE#>Pratap@SinghVivek,ChauhanDushyant@Singh,Sandeep@Tripathi,Sandeep@Kumar,Mukesh@Tiwari<#LINE#>54-58<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-045.pdf<#LINE#>National Referral Center for Fluoride Poisoning in India, Nims University, Jaipur INDIA @ Department of Advance Science, NIMS University, Jaipur - 303121 INDIA @ Departments of 3Orthopedics and Pediatrics, NIMS Medical College and Hospital, NIMS University, Jaipur - 303121 INDIA<#LINE#>26/2/2013<#LINE#>3/3/2013<#LINE#>Fluoride Toxicity due to the presence of higher levels of fluoride in drinking water (&#65533;1.5ppm) may be serious problems in health of the children and adult in general. In the state of Rajasthan, almost all districts have high Fluoride (up to 18.0 ppm) in their drinking / ground water sources and about 11 million of the populations are at risk. In the present study, 53 children were selected from the rural area of the eastern regions (Dausa district) in the Rajasthan India, where fluoride content in water is 5.5 ± 1.2 ppm. Moreover, age matched controls were selected from the Jaipur district where fluoride content in water was less than 1.5 ppm. 3.0 ml of blood sample were taken to investigate oxidative stress parameters namely, lipid peroxide level (LPO), superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione content. Moreover, serum Fe, Cu, Zn, Se and fluoride were investigated. Increased LPO and depleted antioxidant levels were observed in subjects along with the alteration in trace elements. The concentration of fluoride in serum was significantly correlates with their water concentration. On the basis of the results it may conclude that fluoride exposure promote oxidative stress and alteration in trace elements. These alterations may induce pathological conditions in fluoride exposed children. These biochemical markers may be used as the detection of early fluorosis. However, further in depth studies is required for the understanding of pathophysiological role of fluoride.  <#LINE#> @ @ World Health Organization, Environmental Health Criteria, 227,Geneva (2002) @No $ @ @ Mangukiya Rupal, Bhattacharya Tanushree and Chakraborty Sukalyan, Quality Characterization of Groundwater using Water Quality Index in Surat city, Gujarat, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(4), 14-23(2012) @No $ @ @ Koul N., Lokhande R.S. and Dhar J.K.,Physico-Chemical, Bacteriological and Pesticide analysis of Tap Water in Millennium City Gurgoan, Haryana, India, I. Res. J. Environment Sci.,1(2), 1-7 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mohamed H.M. and Hussain Zahir A., Study of Groundwater Quality at Dindigul Town, Tamilnadu, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(1), 68-73 (2013) @No $ @ @ Veeraputhiran V. and Alagumuthu G., Treatment of High Fluoride Drinking Water Using Bioadsorbent, Res.J.Chem.Sci.,1(4), 49-54 (2011) @No $ @ @ ICMR, RMRCT, Update vol.1, October (2004) @No $ @ @ Yadav A.K., Jain P.K. and Lal S., Geochemical study of fluoride in groundwater of Behror tehsil of Alwar district (Rajasthan), Res. J. Chem. Environ.,, 43-47 (2003) @No $ @ @ Trivedi M.H., Verma R.J., Chinoy N.J., Patel R.S. and Sathawara N.G., Effect of high water on children’s intelligence in India, Fluoride, 40(3),178-83 (2007) @No $ @ @ Sharma J.D., Sohu D. and Jain P., Prevalence of neurological manifestations in a human population exposed to fluoride in drinking water, Fluoride, 42(2), 127–32 (2009) @No $ @ @ Rzeuski R., Chlubek D., and Machoy Z., Interactions between fluoride and biological free radical reactions, Fluoride, 31(1), 43–45 (1998) @No $ @ @ Chinoy N.J., Tewari K. and  Jhala D.D., Fluoride and/or arsenic toxicity in mice testis with formation of giant cells and subsequent recovery by some antidotes, Fluoride, 37(3), 172–184 (2004) @No $ @ @ Lowry O.H., Rosenbrough N.J., Farr A.L. and Randell R.J., Protein measurement with folin-phenol reagent, J Biol Chem, 193, 265–75 (1951) @No $ @ @ Ohkawa H., Oshiba N. and Yagi K., Assay of lipid peroxides in animal tissue by thiobarbutyric acid reaction, Anat Biochem.,95, 351–8 (1979) @No $ @ @ McCord J.M. and  Fridovich I., SOD enzyme function for erythrocuprein, J Biol Chem, 224, 6049–55 (1969) @No $ @ @ Aebi H., Catalase in vitro methods, Methods in Enzymology, 6, 105-121 (1984) @No $ @ @ Pagila D.E. and Valentine W.N., Studies on the quantitation and qualitation characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase, J Lab Clin Med, 70, 158–69 (1967) @No $ @ @ Ellman G.L., Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Arch Biochem. 82,70–7 (1959) @No $ @ @ Gerber B., Guggenberger R., Fasler D., Nair G., ManzM.G., Stussi G. and Schanz U., Reversible skeletal disease  and high fluoride serum levels in hematologic patients receiving voriconazole, Blood, 120(12), 2390-2394 (2012) @No $ @ @ Le Belle J.E., Orozco N.M., Paucar A.A., Saxe J.P., Mottahedeh J. and  Pyle A.D., Proliferative neural stem cells have high endogenous ROS levels that regulate self-renewal and neurogenesis in a PI3K/Akt-dependant manner, Cell Stem Cell, 8(1), 59–71 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bharti V.K. and Srivastava R.S., Fluoride-induced oxidative stress in rat’s brain and its amelioration by buffalo (Bubalusbubalis) pineal proteins and melatonin, Biological Trace Element Research, 130(2), 131–140 (2009) @No $ @ @ Bouaziz H., Croute F., Boudawara T., Soleilhavoup J.P., and Zeghal N., Oxidative stress induced by fluoride in adult mice and their suckling pups, Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 58(5), 339–349 (2007) @No $ @ @ Shivarajashankara Y.M., Shivashankara A.R., Rao Hanumanth S. and Bhat P. Gopalakrishna, Oxidative stress in children with endemic skeletal fluorosis, Fluoride, 34(2), 103–107 (2001) @No $ @ @ Saralakumari D. and Rao P.R., Red blood cell glucose metabolism in human chronic fluoride toxicity, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 47(6), 834–839 (1991) @No $ @ @ Vani M.L. and Reddy K.P., Effects of fluoride accumulation on some enzymes of brain and gastronemius muscle of mice, Fluoride, 33(1), 17-26 (2000) @No $ @ @ Halliwell B. and Gutteridge, Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine.Oxford University Press, Oxford, J.M.C., ,  (1999) @No $ @ @ Fraga C.G. and Oteiza P.I., Iron toxicity and antioxidant nutrients, Toxicology, 180(1), 23-32 (2002) @No $ @ @ Oteiza P.I., Mackenzie G.G. and Verstraeten S.V., Metals in neurodegeneration: involvement of oxidants and oxidant-sensitive transcription factors, Mol. Aspects Med.,25(1-2), 103–115 (2004) @No $ @ @ Fraga C.G., Relevance, essentiality and toxicity of trace elements in human health, Mol Aspects Med.,26(4-5) 235-44 (2005) @No 
<#LINE#>Exploring Monascus sanguineus as a Potential Natural Source for Pigment Production<#LINE#>Rashmi@Dikshit,Padmavathi@Tallapragada<#LINE#>59-67<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-049.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Centre for PG Studies, Jain University, Bangalore – 560011, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>27/2/2013<#LINE#>8/3/2013<#LINE#>  Monascus species are known as producers of bio-pigments, which are used for food coloring. For this study, a Monascus sanguineus strain was isolated from pomegranate. Its molecular identification was done by genome sequencing. The effect of different culture media, temperature, and pH on pigment production and mycelial growth was investigated in submerged culture. Production of the red pigment reached its maximum on the 16th day of incubation (21.9 Color Value Units (CVU)/ml). The optimal temperature for microbial growth and pigment production was 30°C and the maximum pigmentation was observed at pH 6.5 (33.9 CVU/ gram dry substrate (gds). Effect of different solid substrates with varied carbon and nitrogen content on pigment production and optimization was also investigated. Oryza sp. (local polished rice) was found to be the best solid substrate (7.8 CVU/gds) amongst the experimented substrates. The determination of citrinin was carried out by liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC-MS). <#LINE#> @ @ Shao Y., Xu L. and Chen F., Genetic Diversity Analysis of Monascus Strains Using SRAP and ISSR Markers, Mycoscience, 52, 224-233 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hesseltine C.W., Microbiology of Oriental Fermented Food,  Ann. Rev. Microbiol.,37, 575-601 (1983) @No $ @ @ Yoshimura M., Yamanaka S. Mitsugi K. and Hirose Y., Production of Monascus Pigment in Submerged Culture, Agric. Biol. Chem., 39, 1789-1795 (1975) @No $ @ @ Chen M.H. and Johns M.R., Effect of pH and nitrogen Source on Pigment Production by Monascus purpureus, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 40, 132-138 (1993) @No $ @ @ Wong H.C. and Koehler P.E., Production of Red WaterSoluble Monascus Pigments,  J. Food Sci., 48, 1200-1203 (1983) @No $ @ @ Lin Y.L., Wang T.H., Lee M.H. and Su N.W., Biologically Active Components and Neutraceuticals in the MonascusFermented Rice,  A Review, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol,   77, 965-973 (2008) @No $ @ @ Patcharee P., Pinthong R., Aphirak P. and Noppol E., Review of Angkak Production (Monascus purpureus), ChiangMaiJ. Sci., 34 319-328 (2007) @No $ @ @ Blanc P.J., Laussac J.P., Bars J., Le Bars P. Le, Lorret M.O., Pareilleu A., Prome D., Prome J. C., Santene A.L. and  Goma G., Characterisation of Monascidin-a from Monascus as Citrinin, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 27, 201-213 (1995) @No $ @ @ Sumathy B., Carlos R.S. and Pandey A., Effect of Stress on Growth, Pigment Production and Morphology of Monascussp. in Solid Cultures, J. Basic Microbiol., 47, 118–126 (2007) @No $ @ @ Tanya R.J., Noel H.A. and Kujumdzieva, Taxonomic Investigation of Monascus purpureus 94-25 Strain, J. Culture Collections,2, 51-59  (1998) @No $ @ @ Chatterjee S., Sharmistha M., Chattopadhyay P., Sarkar A., Subrata L. and Sen S.K., Characterization of Red Pigment from Monascus in Submerged Culture Red Pigment from MonascusPurpureus, J. Appl. Sci. Res.,, 2102-2108 (2009) @No $ @ @ Mukherjee G. and Singh S.K., Purication and Characterization of a New Red Pigment from Monascus purpureus in Submerged Fermentation,  Process Biochem., 46, 188–192  (2010) @No $ @ @ Ratana S. and Toshima Y., Solid-State Fermentation for Yellow Pigments Production by Monascus purpureus,World. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,  6, 347-352 (1987) @No $ @ @ Vidyalakshmi R.,  Paranthaman R., Murugesh S. and Singaravadivel K., Stimulation of Monascus Pigments by Intervention of Different nitrogen Sources, Global J. Biotechnol. Biochem.4, 25-28 (2009) @No $ @ @ Pongrawee N. and Lumyong S., Improving Solid-State Fermentation of Monascus purpureus on Agricultural Products for Pigment Production, Food Bioprocess Technol.,, 1384-1390 (2011) @No $ @ @ Rasmussen R.R., Storm I.M.L.D., Rasmussen P.H., Smedsgaard J. and Nielsen K.F., Multi-Mycotoxin Analysis of Maize Silage by LC-MS/MS, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 397, 765–776 (2010) @No $ @ @ Tieghem P.V., Monascus genre nouveau de l’ordre des ascomycètes, Bulletin  de  la  Société  Botanique,31, 226-231 (1884) @No $ @ @ Carvalho J. C., Oishi B.O., Pandey A. and Soccol C.R., Bio Pigments from Monascus: Strains Selection, Citrinin Production and Color Stability, Brazil. Arch. Biol. Technol.,48,  885–894 (2005) @No $ @ @ Lin C.F., Isolation and Cultural Conditions of Monascus sp. for the Production of Pigment in a Submerged Culture,  J. Ferment. Technol.51, 407–414 (1973) @No $ @ @ Yongsmith B., Tabloka W., Yongmanitchai W. and Bavavoda R., Cultural Conditions for Yellow Pigment Formation by Monascus sp. KB 10 Grown on Cassava Medium, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,, 85-90 (1993) @No $ @ @ Shepherd D. and Carels, (Product formation and differentiation in Fungi, In Fungal Differentiation, Smith J. E. (Ed.), Dekker, New York; 514-515 (1983) @No $ @ @ Chairote E., Chairote G., Wongpornchai S. and Lumyong S., Preparation of Red Yeast Rice Using Various Thai Glutinous Rice and Monascuspurpureus CMU001 Isolated from Commercial Chinese Red Yeast Rice Sample, KMITL Sci. J.,, 28–37 (2007) @No $ @ @ Miyake T., Isato K., Nobuyuki N. and Sammoto H., Analysis of Pigment Compositions in Various Monascus Cultures, Food Sci. Technol. Res., 14, 194–7 (2008) @No $ @ @ Samuels G.J., Toxigenic fungi as ascomycetes, in:Toxigenic Fungi-Their Toxin and Health Hazard,  Kurata, H., Ueno, Y., Eds., Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. Amsterdam 119–128 (1984) @No $ @ @ You, Z. W., Xiu-Lian, J. and Yu-Guang, Z., The Variability of Citrinin Production in Monascus Type Cultures.  Food Microbiol., 22, 145–148 (2005) @No 
<#LINE#>Evaluation of the Combinational Antimicrobial Effect of Annona Squamosa and Phoenix Dactylifera Seeds Methanolic Extract on Standard Microbial Strains<#LINE#>Aamir@Javed,Annu@Kumari,Mohd.@NadeemKhan,SivaKumar@Medam<#LINE#>68-73<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-052.pdf<#LINE#>Centre for R and D in Life Sciences; Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Post Graduate-Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar @ Institutions, Dr. C.D. Sagar Centre for Life Sciences, S.M. Hills Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore-560078, INDIA @ Eurofins Genomics India Pvt Ltd., 183, Gayathri Tech Park, 1st Floor, Whitefield, Bangalore, Karnataka- 560066, INDIA<#LINE#>6/3/2013<#LINE#>18/4/2013<#LINE#>In recent times, there is an extensive interest in these Alcoholic extracts due to the emergence and spread of new drug resistant human pathogens to existing antimicrobials. The emergence of medicine opposing pathogens is one of the most critical threats to booming treatment of bacterial diseases. Mode of action of Methanolic extracts  likely involves fairly a lot of targets in the cell due to huge number of active components and also their hydroplillicity  helps  them to screen in the  cell membrane, rendering them permeable , leading to leakage of cell contents. This calls for a transformed effort to identify agents efficient against disease causing bacteria to present antimicrobials. Seed extracts of two different plants viz. Phoenix dactylifera and Annona squamosa, were prepared by methanol extraction method at the ratio of 1:2 using 100ml volume of methanol and stock concentration of 50mg/ml in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) of each extract was made.The extracts and fractions were tested for antimicrobial activity against standard microbial strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (gram- negative), Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive), Escherichia.coli (gram-negative), Salmonella typhi (gram-negative) ,Enterococcus  faecalis (grampositive), Pseudomon aerugenosa  (gram-negative),and Salmonella paratyphi (gram-negative) by means of Agar-Disc Diffusion Method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was noted .. The test culture of standard microbial cultures was 3 X 10 CFU/ml, and standard antibiotic used is Ampicillin with clavulanic acid. In this context, two extract from traditional  plants, Custard Apple (Annona squamosa) and Dates (Phoenix dactylifera) were used alone or in combination to assess their antimicrobial  efficacy against both Gram negative and Gram positive  bacterial clinical isolates .Antimicrobial test was completed by agar disc diffusion method. Although, both  extract were found to be effective in inhibiting pathogens to varying degrees to the tested organisms, the Annona squamosa  extract is found to be more effective than Phoenix dactylifera.When both extracts were used in combination, they have shown strong synergistic effect against all the pathogens tested in the present studyexcept for the P.aerugenosa and S. Para typhi. Bactericidal abilities displayed by the seed extracts signified their remarkable potential for exploration for effective natural antimicrobial agents against standard pathogenic bacteria. The extracts have shown the synergistic effects even at their MIC against E.fecalis, indicating that with further researches these extracts can be used for treating enteric diseases. <#LINE#> @ @ World Intellectual property organisation. Herbal formulation capable of preventing alcohol-induced hangover, methods of preparing the same and use thereof, Wo/2006/131932January 9 (2006) @No $ @ @ Cragg G.M., Newman D.J., and Sander K.M., Natural products in drug discovery and Development, J. Nat. Prod.,60, 52-60 (1997) @No $ @ @ Cseke L., Kaufman P. of molecular and medicine, 2nd ed. Florida: crc press, podila g, tsal c handbook (2004) @No $ @ @ Patel J.D. and Kumar V., Annona squamosa L.: Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial screening, Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, (1), 34-38 (2008) @No $ @ @ Amadou C.K., Promoting alternative medicine, Africa Health J. 2, 20-25 (1998) @No $ @ @ Watt G., Periodic Expert, Dictionary of the Economic product of India,  1,  260 (1972) @No $ @ @ Asholkar L.V., Kakkar K.K. and Chakre O.J., Glossary of Indian Medicinal plants with active Principle, Publication and information Directorate, New Delhi, 72-73 (1992) @No $ @ @ Yoganarasiman S.N., Medicinal plants of India-Tamilnadu, Vol II, International Book Publisher, Print, Cyper media, Bangalore; 48-62 (2000) @No $ @ @ Thakkar J.H., Solanki H.K., Tripathi P., Patel N.J. and Jani G.K., Evaluation of Antimutagenic Potential of Annona squamosaleaf Extract, International J of Bio and Pharm Res; 1(2):114-123(2010) @No $ @ @ Srilakshmi S, Sravanthi KC, Sarvani M, Krishnaharsha A, and Karteek P. Anthelmintic Activity of Annona Squamosa Seed Extract, International J of Pharm and Tech, 3(1), 1623-1628 (2011) @No $ @ @ Initiation of Pharmaceutical Factories depending on more Application of Biotechnology on some Medicinal Plants Review Article (In Vitro Production of some Antioxidant, Analgesic, Antibacterial, Antidiabetic agent)  Eman, A.  Alam, Res. J. Recent Sci.,(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 398-404 (2012) @No $ @ @ Panda S. and Kar A., Annona squamosa seed extract in the regulation of hyperthyroidism and lipid-peroxidation in mice: possible involvement of quercetin, International J of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology, 14(12), 799-805 (2007) @No $ @ @ Kirtikar K.R. and Basu B.D., Indian medicinal plants Lalit Mohan Basu, Allhabad, India, (vols. I and II) 1968) @No $ @ @ Zohary D. and Hopf M., Date palm Phoenix dactylifera. Domestication of Plants in the Old World, 2nd ed, Oxford: Clarendon; (1993) @No $ @ @ Copley M.S., Rose P.J., Clampham A., Edwards D.N., Horton M.C. and Evershed R.P., Detection of palm fruit lipids in archaeological pottery from Qasr Ibrim, Egyptian Nubia, Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, 268, 593–597 (2001) @No $ @ @ Chandra A., Chandra Anju and Gupta I.C., Date palm research in Thar Desert, Jodhpur (India Scientific Publishers; (1992) @No $ @ @ Kumar V.P., Chauhan N.S., Padh H. and Rajani M., Search for antibacterial and antifungal agents from selected Indian medicinal plants, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 107, 182-188 (2006) @No $ @ @ Nadkarni K.M. (Ed). Indian Materia Medica Vol 1.Mumbai: Bombay popular prakashan Pvt. Ltd. (1976) @No $ @ @ Ryan K.J. and Ray C.G. (editors), Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th Ed.). Mcgraw Hill, (2004) @No $ @ @ Mccaig L.F., McDonald L.C., Mandal S. and Jernigan D.B., Staphylococcus aureus associated skin and soft tissue infections in ambulatory care, Emerg Infect Dis., 12(11), 1715–1723 (2006) @No $ @ @ Mosa J.S., Hifnawy M.S. and Mekkawi A.G., Phytochemical and biological investigations on date palm seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Produced in Saudi Arabia Arab, Gulf J. Sci. Res.,4, 495-507 (1986) @No $ @ @ Rahman M.M., Parvin S., Haque M.E., Islam M.E., Mosaddik M.A. and Rathore D.S., Custard apples, In: T.K. Bose. and S.K. Mitra, Fruits, tropical and subtropical, Naya, Prokash, Calcutta, 449-468 (1990) @No $ @ @ Todar K., Pathogenic E. Coli, Online Textbook of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Bacteriology.http://www.textbookof bacteriology.net/e.coli.html. (2007) @No $ @ @ Nascimento G., Locatelli P., Freitas C., Silva G., Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic resistant bacteria, Braz. J. Microbiol,  31, 247-256 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kothari V., Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Plant Products: Screening and Fractionation of Bioactive Extracts, Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing (LAP)62 (2011) @No $ @ @ El-Shanawny M.A.A., Medicinal plants used in Saudi traditional Medicine, King Abdul- Aziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, 277 (1996) @No $ @ @ Cellular Methods in Biology and Medicine, 2nd ed. Florida: CRC press (1992) @No $ @ @ Survey on Drug Resistant Pattern of Clinical Isolates and Effect of Plant Extract on the Drug Resistant Pattern Radha K., Mahima R., Ramanathan G. And Thangapandian V., ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(3), 14-19 (2012) @No $ @ @ In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic root Extracts of Hyptis suaveolens Javed Ahmad, Iffat Khan, Ashfaq Ahmad and kaushar Imam, Res. J. Recent Sci.,2(ISC-2012) , 41-46 (2013) @No $ @ @ Saddiq A.A. and Bawazir A.E., Antimicrobial activity of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) pits extracts and its role in reducing the side effect of methyl prednisolone on some neurotransmitter content in the brain, hormone testosterone in adulthood, Acta Hort. (ISHS) 882, 665-690 (2010) @No $ @ @ Antimicrobial and cytotoxic constituents from the seeds of Annona squamosa, Bauer A.W., Kirby, W.M.M., Sherris, J.C. and Turck, M., Antibiotics susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method, Am. J. Clin Pathol., 45, 493- 496 (1966) @No $ @ @ Dickert H., Machka K. and Braveny I., The uses and limitations of disc diffusion in the antibiotic sensitivity testing of bacterial Infection, 9, 18-24 (1981) @No $ @ @ Cowan M.M., Plant products as antimicrobial agents, Clin. Microbiol. Rev.,12, 564-82 (1999) @No $ @ @ Suresh K., Manoharn S. and Blessy D., Protective role of Annona squamosa Linn bark extracts in DMBA induced genotoxicity, Kathmandu University Medical J.,  6(3), 364-369 (2008) @No $ @ @ Janssen A.M., Scheffer J.J.C. and Baerheim-Svendsen A., Antimicrobial activity of essential oils: a 1976-86 literature review, Planta Medica, 53, 395-398 (1987) @No $ @ @ Kotkar H.M., Mendki P.S., Sadan S.V., Jha S.R., Upasani S.M. and Maheshwari V.L., Antimicrobial and pesticidal activity of partially purified flavonoids of Annona squamosa, Pest Management Science,58(1), 33-37 (2001) @No $ @ @ Drug Today India Ready Reckoner of Current Medical Formulation 1 and 02(2009- 2013) @No $ @ @ Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles using Paederia foetida L. Leaf extractmadhavaraj Lavanya1, Sethumadhavan Vishnu Veenavardhini1, Geun Ho Gim2, Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan and Si Wouk Kim, I. Res. J. Biological Sci.,  2(3), 28-34 (2013) @No $ @ @ Analysis of Microbial Contamination in Food Grade Samples at the Industrial Production levelwaghode S.M. and A.M. Garode, I. Res. J. Biological Sci.,  2(2), 78-80 (2013) @No $ @ @ Emergence of multi-drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: concern about antimicrobial policiesShah Manisha N. and Desai Pratibha B., Res. J. Recent Sci.,1(ISC-2011) , 275-280 (2012) @No $ @ @ Isolation and Characterization of Multi drug Resistant Super Pathogens from soil Samples Collected from Hospitals Prasad Chandan, Mishra R.P., Ali Asif, Gangwar V.S. and Chand Shweta, Res. J. Recent Sci., 2(ISC-2012) , 124-129 (2013) @No $ @ @ Eloff J.N., A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of the plant extracts for bacteria, Planta Medica  64, 711-713 (1998) @No $ @ @ Eloff J.N., Which extract should be used for the screening and isolation of antimicrobial components from plants, J. Ethnopharmacology,  60, 1–8 (1998) @No $ @ @ Epino P.B. and Chang F., Insecticidal activity of Annona squamosa L. Seed extracts against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Philippine Entomologist, 9, 228-238 (1993) @No $ @ @ Irobi O.N., Young M. and Anderson W.A., Antimicrobial activity of annatto (bixaorellana) extract, Int jPharma, 38-90 (1996) @No $ @ @ Mcclintock E. Arecaceae palm family, The Jepson Manual: http:ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl? Phoenix+dactylifera (2007) @No $ @ @ Padhi L.P., etal. Invitro evlution of Antibactirial potential of Annona squamosa L., and Annona reticulata, From Similipl Biosphere Reserve, Oriss, India, Journal of Agricultural Technology,7(1), 133-142 (2011) @No $ @ @ Chemical composition and Biological activities of the Essential oil extracted from the Fresh leaves of Chromolaena odorata (L. Robinson) growing in Benin Avlessi Félicien, Alitonou Guy Alain, Djenontin T. Sébastien, Tchobo Fidele, Yèhouénou Boniface, Menut Chantal and Sohounhloué Dominique, ISCA J. Biological Sci. , 1(3), 7-13 (2012) @No $ @ @ Antibacterial Activity of Pistacia atlantica extracts on Streptococcus mutans biofilm, Farzaneh Hosseini, Afsoon Adlgostar and Fariba Sharifnia, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(2), 1-7 (2013) @No $ @ @ Use of Moringa Oleifera (Drumstick) seed as Natural Absorbent and an Antimicrobial agent for Ground water Treatment  Mangale Sapana M., Chonde Sonal G. and Raut P. D., Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(3), 31-40(2012) @No  
<#LINE#>Study of Egg-Laying Behaviour of Fan-Throated Lizard, Sitana Ponticeriana (Cuvier, 1829) from Shrubland of Vadodara City, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>J.N.@Trivedi,A.S.@Bayani,P.@Pratyush,B.@Suresh<#LINE#>74-77<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-054.pdf<#LINE#>Division of Biodiversity and Wildlife Biology, Dept. of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The M.S. Uni. of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, INDIA @ Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA <#LINE#>7/3/2013<#LINE#>12/4/2013<#LINE#>Sitana ponticeriana, Fan-throated Lizard is an oviparous agamid lizard which lays eggs into the nest which is a hole dug by female in the actively searched suitable nesting site. A study has been carried out to understand the egg laying behaviour of the species in wild. In situ observations have been done regarding the nesting site characteristics and nest structure. This study also focuses on the ethogram of nesting and egg-laying behaviour. Total 13 distinct patterns has been recorded and grouped into two phases as nesting and ovulation. <#LINE#> @ @ Roosenburg W.H., Maternal condition and nest site choice: an alternative for the maintenance of environmental sex determination? American Zoologist, 36, 157–168 (1996) @No $ @ @ Deeming D.C., Reptilian Incubation: Environment, Evolution and Behaviour, Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, U.K., (2004) @No $ @ @ Garcia A., Ceballos G. and Adaya R., Intensive beach management as an improved sea turtle conservation strategy in Mexico, Biological Conservation, 111, 253–261 (2003) @No $ @ @ Troeng S. and Rankin E., Long-term conservation efforts contribute to positive green turtle Chelonia mydas nesting trend at Tortuguero, Costa Rica, Biological Conservation, 121, 111–116 (2005) @No $ @ @ Das I., A photographic guide to the snakes and other reptiles of India, New Holland Publishers (U.K.) Ltd., London, 144 (2002) @No $ @ @ Daniel J.C., The Book of Indian Reptiles and Amphibians. Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press, BNHS, Mumbai, India, 53-54 (2002) @No $ @ @ Gunther Albert, C.L.G., The Reptiles of British India, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Bombay, India, 134-136 (1861) @No $ @ @ Trivedi J.N., Bayani A.S., Pratyush P. and Suresh B., Environmental factors do influence the nesting behaviour of fan-throated lizard Sitana ponticeriana (Cuvier), Bioscan, 6(4), 593-595 (2011) @No $ @ @ Pratyush P., Desai I., Soni R. and Suresh B., Variation in dorsal pattern in fan-throated lizard Sitana ponticeraianaCuvier, 1829, CIBTech journal of Zoology, 1(1), 55-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Torr G.A. and Shine R., An ethogram of small scincid lizard Lampropholis guichenoti, Amphibia-Reptilia, 15, 21-34 (1994) @No $ @ @ Amarasinghe A.A.T. and Karunarathna D.M.S.S., Observation on the oviposition behaviour of the Crest-less Lizard Calotes liocephalus (Reptilia: Agamidae) in the Knuckles forest region of Sri Lanka, Asiatic Herpetological Research, 11, 13-16 (2008) @No $ @ @ Pradeep G.W.A.A.D. and Amarasinghe A.A.T., Ovipositional behavior of Calotes ceylonensis Müller, 1887 (Reptilia: Agamidae) observed in the Central Province of Sri Lanka, Taprobanica, 1(1), 24-27 (2009) @No 
<#LINE#>Floristic Study of Shirur Region Pune, Maharashtra, India<#LINE#>RavindraP.@Ganorkar,D.@KshirsagarAyodhya<#LINE#>78-82<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-061.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, C.T. Bora College Shirur, Pune-412210, INDIA<#LINE#>16/3/2013<#LINE#>28/3/2013<#LINE#>The investigation was carried out in order to explore the existing floristic composition in Shirur, Pune (Maharashtra). The present area of Shirur, Pune is selected for the floristic studies because it has been given little attention of its vegetation. The vegetation was arid to semiarid and dry deciduous, thorny scrub type. Over 161 plants belonging to more than 49 families were studied. Among 49 families, Caesalpiniaceae and Mimosaceae are the most dominant family. The floristic information of the tree flora of Shirur city is now available for the first time with this publication. <#LINE#> @ @ Gaur R.D., Flora of the district Garhwal northwest Himalaya (with ethanobotanical notes). Transmedia Publication, Srinagar (Garhwal) India, (1999) @No $ @ @ Farooquee N.A. and Saxena K.G., Conservation and utilization of medicinal plants in high hills of the central Himalayas, Environ.Conserv., 23, 75-80 (1996) @No $ @ @ Phillips O.L., Martinez R.V. and Vargas P.N., Efficient plot-based floristic assessment of tropical forests, J. Tropi. Eco., 19, 629-645 (2003) @No $ @ @ Vediya S.D. and  Kharadi H.S., Floristic diversity of Isari zone, Megharj range forest District Sabarkantha, Gujarat, India, Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. (IJPLS)., 2(9), 1033-1034 (2011) @No $ @ @ Whittaker R. and Niering W.A., Vegetation of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona: A gradient analysis of the south slope, Eco., 46, 429-452 (1965) @No $ @ @ Risser P. and Rice E.L., Diversity in tree species in Oklahoma upland forest, Eco.,52, 876-880 (1971) @No $ @ @  Nair N.C. and Daniel P., The floristic diversity of the Western Ghats and its conservation, a review, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Animal Sc./Pl. Sci.) Suppl.,127-163, (1986) @No $ @ @ Gentry AH., Tree species richness of upper Amazonian forests, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of U.S.A., 85, 156-159 (1988) @No $ @ @ Sukumar R., Dattaraja H.S. and Suresh H.S., Long-term monitoring of vegetation in a tropical deciduous forest in Mudumalai, southern India, Current Science, 62, 608-613 (1992) @No $ @ @ Linder P., Elfving B. and Zackrisson O., Stand structure and successional trends in virgin boreal forest reserves in Sweden, Forest Eco.& Manage, 98, 17-33 (1997) @No $ @ @  Kennard D.K., Gould K. and Putz F.E., Effect of disturbance intensity on regeneration mechanisms in a tropical dry forest, Forest Eco.& Manage., 162, 197-208 (2002) @No $ @ @ Sagar R., Raghubanshi A.S. and Singh J.S., Tree species composition, dispersion and diversity along a disturbance gradient in a dry tropical forest region of India, Forest Eco.& Manage,186, 61-71 (2003) @No $ @ @  Devi L.S. and Yadava P.S., Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of tropical semievergreen forest of Manipur, north east India, Int. Soci. Tropi. Eco., 47(1), 8998 (2006) @No $ @ @ Krishnamurthy Y.L., Prakasha H.M., Nanda A., Krishnappa M. and Suresh H.S., Vegetation structure and floristic composition of a tropical dry deciduous forest in Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, India, Tropi. Eco., 51(2),235-246 (2010) @No $ @ @ Patil D.A. and Tayade S.K., Floristic studies in Khandesh region (Maharashtra: India): an Overview, Life sci. Leaf., 10, 30-38(2012) @No $ @ @ Pawade P.N. and  Rothe S.P., Diversity of ornamental trees from Amravati city of West Vidarbha region, Recent Res. Sci.Tech.,4(10), 25-27 (2012) @No $ @ @ Dabgar PJ., A contribution to the flora of Wadhvana wetland, Dabhoi taluka (Gujarat) India, Biosci. Dis., 3(2), 218 -221 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ghosh A, Mukherjee S and Naskar K.R, Floristic study and vegetational relationship of BagmaraBlock in Sundarbans Tiger Reserve (STR), Indian J. Applied & Pure Bio.,  27(2),207-218 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hooker J. D., The Flora of British India. London. 7- Vols. 1904.(Rrpr. ed. 1954- 1961. Kent.) (1872-1897) @No $ @ @ Hooker, J.D. and Thomson T., Flora India. London Vol. 1. (1855) @No $ @ @ Cooke T., The Flora of the Presidency of Bombay London. 2 vols: Repr. edition, 1958, B. S. I. Calcutta, (1901-1908) @No $ @ @ Yadav S.R. and Sardesai M.M,. Flora of Kolhapur District. Shivaji Univresity, Kolhapur, (2002) @No 
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>New laboratory Culture method for White Grub National pest, India<#LINE#>S.V.@Theurkar,M.K.@Ghadage,S.B.@Patil<#LINE#>83-85<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-050.pdf<#LINE#>JJT University, Rajasthan, INDIA @ Department of Zoology, Hutatma Rajguru Mahavidyalaya, Rajgurunagar, INDIA <#LINE#>26/2/2013<#LINE#>8/3/2013<#LINE#>White grubs are called as “May- June Beetles” or “Chaffer Beetles”. White grubs are also called as National pest. White grubs are root feeders, their beetle’s feeds on the leaves of host plants. Their infestation has been reported throughout the country and magnitude of the problem has been widespread over the past years. In majority of the farming situation, control of these pests is important because of the lack of control over their damages. White grub have cosmopolitan in nature. Khed Taluka (Pune) is a part of Northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India. White grubs especially in Maharashtra namely Holotrichia serrata Fab., Holotrichia fissa Br., Leucopholis lepidophora Bl. (Melolonthidae), Anomola sp. (Rutelidae) in found. In the present study, Scarabaeidae adults were collected from leaves of host plants like Neem, Babhul, Ber and Khair. We find the occurrence of Holotrichia serrata in said area, in the commercial crop growing area we observed occurrence of white grub. This method is very useful to get white grub in laboratory condition and use them as per requirement for various stages for treatments. The laboratory culture method also benefited for availability of white grubs throughout year. <#LINE#> @ @ Bhavane et al. Comparative study on the haemocyte of scarabaeidae, Indian Journal of Comparative Animal Physiology, (15), 27-30 (1997) @No $ @ @ Yadava C.P.S. and Sharma G.K., Indian white grub and their management, All India Coordinated research Project on White grubs, Technical Bulletin No. 2, Indian Council of Agriculture Research(1995) @No $ @ @ . Musthak Ali T.M., Biosystematics of phytophagous Scarabaeidae- an Indian overview, In: Sharma, G., Mathur, Y.S., Gupta, R.B.L., (Eds.) Indian Phytophagous Scarabaeidae and their Management, Agrobios (India), 5-47 (2001) @No $ @ @ Ritcher P.O., Description of some common North Indian Scarabaeid larvae (Coleoptera), Indian Journal of Entomology, 23, 15-23 (1971) @No $ @ @ Mishra P.N. and Singh M.P., Determination of predominant species of white grubs in Garhwal Region of Uttar Pradesh Hills (India), Journal of Entomological Research, 23, 12-19 (1999) @No $ @ @ David H. and Ananathanarayanan, White grubs in Sugar cane. Entomology in India (David H., Eswaramoorthy, S. and Jayanthi, R. eds). SBI, Coimbatore, 198-208 (1986) @No $ @ @ Hussain M., Some observation on the biology and control of phyllophaga consaguinea Blanch, a potent pest of groundnut in Andhra Pradesh, Ind, J. Plant Prot.,, 107-110 (1974) @No $ @ @ Rao B.H.K., Narayana K.L. and Narsimha Rao B., White grub problem in Andhra Pradesh and their control, In: proceeding of the st All India Symposium on Soil Biology and Ecology in India, Banglore, 22- 26 September, 206-209 (1976) @No $ @ @ Pal S.K., White grubs and their management, Monographs No. 5 central Arid Zone research Institute Jodhpur India(1977) @No $ @ @ Theurkar S.V., Patil S.B., Ghadage M.K., Zaware Y.B. and Madan S.S., Distribution and Abundance of White grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Khed Taluka, part of Northern Western Ghats, MS, India International Research Journal of Biological Sciences,1(7), 1-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mittal I.C., Survey of Scarabaeid (Coleoptera) fauna of Himanchal Pradesh (India), Journal of Entomological Research, 24, 133-141 (2000) @No $ @ @ Potter D.A., Patterson C.G. and Redmond C.T., Influence of turf grass species and tall fescue endophyte on feeding ecology of Japanese beetle and southern masked chafer grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Journal of Economic Entomology, 85, 900-909 (1992) @No $ @ @ Crowson R.A., The biology of the Coleoptera, Academic Press, London, 396 (1981) @No $ @ @ Hlavac T.F., The prothrox of Coleoptera: origin, major features of variation, Psyche, 79, 123-149 (1973) @No $ @ @ Veeresh G.K., Studies on the root grub in Karnataka, UAS Monograph Series No. 2, University of Agricultural Science, Hebbal, Bangalore, 87 (1977) @No $ @ @ Mittal I.C. and Pajni H.R., New species belonging to (Coleoptera: scarabaeid: Melolonthidae) from India,Entomol,2, 85- 88 (1977) @No $ @ @ Khan K.M. and Ghai S., Taxonomical status of genus Holotrichia Hope (Melolonthidae: scarabaeid) with description of five new species from India along with re-descriptions of two poorly described species and a key to species, Entomol., 23, 28- 45 (1982) @No $ @ @ Ranga Rao G.V., Groundnut entomological work during spring 1995–96, Summary of sabbatical work on insect pests associated with peanut crop in Vietnam. ICRISAT Project Report, Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 109 (1995) @No
<#LINE#>Occurrence of Regular Echinoid from Bagh Beds, MP, India<#LINE#>Amrita@Khatri,Mamta@Pathrade,Leena@Lakhani<#LINE#>86-88<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-072.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, M.J.B. Govt. Girls P.G. College, Moti Tabela Indore, MP, INDIA @ Department of Zoology, Govt. P.G. Girls College, Dashahara Maidan, Ujjain, MP, INDIA <#LINE#>16/10/2012<#LINE#>1/2/2013<#LINE#>Fossils from Bagh Beds of District Dhar, (M.P.) have been collected. Among them some regular echinoid fossils have been observed. Echinoids inhabited sea since late Ordovician period about 480 million years ago. They had circular profile,radial symmetry and test with tubercles. One of the collected but rare echinoids genus “Cyphosoma’’ has been recorded for the first time from the new locality. The study deals about the mode of life and the environment in which they lived<#LINE#> @ @ Duncan P.M.,Notes on Echinoidea of the Cretaceous Series of the lower Narbada valley with remarks upon their geological age, Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind., 20(2), 81-92 (1887) @No $ @ @ Fourtau R., Catalogue des inverterbres fossils de l’Egypte, Terrains Cretaces, pt.1: Echinoderms, Geol. Surv. Egypt Palaeontology series, , 109 (1914) @No $ @ @ Fourtau R.,Les Echinides des Bagh Beds, Rec. Geol. Surv. Ind., 49, 34-53 (1918) @No $ @ @ Chiplonkar G.W.,Echinoids from the Bagh Beds, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 6B(1),60-71 (1937) @No $ @ @ Chiplonkar G.W., Echinoids from the Bagh Beds, Pt. II, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 9B(5), 236-246 (1939) @No $ @ @ Chiplonkar G.W. and Badve R.M.,Paleontology of the Bagh Beds- II. Echinoidea, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., 76B (4), 133-152 (1972) @No $ @ @ Dassarma D.C. and Sinha N.K.,Marine Cretaceous formations of Narmada Valley (Bagh Beds), Madhya Pardesh and Gujarat, Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind. Palaeontologia Indica (N.S.),42, 1-123 (1975) @No $ @ @ Sharma A. et al., Morphological details of a new irregular echinoid fossil from Zeerabad, India, Jour. Env. Cons., 7(3), 107-111 (2006) @No $ @ @ Smith A.B., The Cretaceous Bagh formation, India: a Gondwana window onto Turonian shallow water echinoid faunas, Cretaceous research,  31, 368-386 (2010) @No $ @ @ Orbigny A., Paléontologie française, Terrain Crétacé, Tome VI. Échinides Irreguliers. G. Mason, Paris,18531855, 596 (1854) @No $ @ @ Cooke C.W.,Some Cretaceous echinoids from the Americas, United States Geological Survey Professional Papers,264-E, 87-112(1955) @No $ @ @ Smith A.B.and Wright C.W., British Cretaceous echinoids, Part 1,  Introduction and Cidaroida, Monograph of the Palaeontographical society, 141(578), 1-101(1989) @No $ @ @ Smith A.B. and Wright C.W., British Cretaceous echinoids, Part 2, Echinothurioida, Diadematoida and Stirodonta (1, Calycina), Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society,143 583), 101-198 (1990) @No $ @ @ Smith A.B. and Wright C.W., British Cretaceous echinoids. Part 8, Atelostomata 2, Spatangoida (1), Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, 162(630), 569-635 (2008) @No $ @ @ Ali M.S.M., Cenomanian echinoids from Ras al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie and Palaontologie, Abhandlungen,179, 97-116 (1990) @No $ @ @ Smith A.B. and Bengtson P., Cretaceous echinoids from north-eastern Brazil, Fossils, and Strata32, 1-88 (1991) @No $ @ @ Moore R.C., Treatise on invertebrate paleontology pt.U-Echinodermata,Geol. Soc. Amer. and Univ. Kansas press, 1(of 3), U 366 (1966) @No $ @ @ Moore R.C.,Treatise on invertebrate paleontology pt.U-Echinodermata, Geol. Soc. Amer. and Univ. Kansas press, 2 (of 3), U 367-695(1966) @No