@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Trichoderma harzianum elicits defense response in Brassica junceaplantlets<#LINE#>Dave@Nikul,Krima@Prajapati,Aarti@Patel,Zinal@Patel,Nandini@Durgesh,Himanshu@Bariya<#LINE#>1-10<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2012-135.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Biotechnology, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan-384265, Gujarat, INDIA @ Department of Biotechnology, Shri A. N. Patel Post Graduate Institute, Anand, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, INDIA <#LINE#>7/8/2012<#LINE#>2/2/2013<#LINE#>Indian mustard (Brassica Juncea) is a well-known oil producer with its composition of linoleic Acid, oleic Acid and linolenic Acid. The qualitative and quantitative changes in these fatty acids can be due to infection of pathogen. Presented work summarizes the main findings concerning the Trichoderma–plant interaction and its beneficial effect on plant. 30 days old plants were selected for treatment of Trichoderma powder formulation. Quantitative increase in total phenol, total protein and major three fatty acids was found after treatment. Trichoderma also observe to induce resistance capacity of plants. Mustard plant showed induction of jasmonic acid (JA) after treatment. JA was quantified by HPTLC method. The overall plant beneficial effect of Trichoderma as bio-control agent and inducer of defense response were discussed in detail. <#LINE#> @ @ Peterson R.andNevalainen H., Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 – thirty years of strain improvement, Microbiol., 158, 58–68 (2012) @No $ @ @ Saloheimo M.andPakula T. M., The cargo and the transport system: secreted proteins and protein secretion in Trichoderma reesei (Hypocerajercornia), Microbiol., 158, 129-138 (2012) @No $ @ @ Viterbo A.andHorwitz B. A., Mycoparasitism. In Cellular and Molecular Biology of Filamentous Fungi, Edited by Borkovich K.A. and Ebbole D.J., American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 676–693 (2010) @No $ @ @ Kubicek C.P., Herrera-Estrella A., Seidl-Seiboth V., Martinez D.A., Druzhinina I.S., Thon M., Zeilinger S., Casas-Flores S., Horwitz B.A. and other authors, Comparative genome sequence analysis underscores mycoparasitism as the ancestral life style of Trichoderma, Genome Biol., 12, 40-45 (2012) @No $ @ @ Druzhinina  I.S., Seidl-Seiboth V., Herrera-Estrella A., Horwitz B.A., Kenerley C.M., Monte  E., Mukherjee P.K., Zeilinger S., Grigoriev I.V. and Kubicek C.P., Trichoderma: the genomics of opportunistic success, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., , 749–759 (2011) @No $ @ @ Harman G.E., Howell C.R., Viterbo A., Chet I. and Lorito M., Trichoderma species – opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts’, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 2, 43–56 (2004) @No $ @ @ Shoresh M., Harman G.E. and Mastouri F., Induced systemic resistance and plant responses to fungal biocontrol agents, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 48, 21–43 (2010) @No $ @ @ Elad Y.and Chet I., Improved selective media for isolation of Trichoderma spp. or Fusariumspp, Phytoparasitica, 11, 55-58 (1983) @No $ @ @ Andersen J.M. and Pedersen Y.B., Analysis of plant phenolics by highperformance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatography, 259, 131-139 (1983) @No $ @ @ Malick C.P. and Singh  M.B., Plant Enzymology and Histo-Enzymology, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India, 180-182 (1980) @No $ @ @ Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L. and Randall R.J., Protein measurement with the Folin Phenol reagent, J Biol Chem.,193, 265-274 (1951) @No $ @ @ Dhandhukia  P.C. and Thakker V., Seperaionand Quantification of Jasmonic acid using HPTLC, J. chromatographic sci., 46, 320-324 (2008) @No $ @ @ Gams W. and Bissett J., Morphology and identification of Trichoderma. In Trichoderma and Gliocladium, Edited by Kubicek C.P. and Harman  G.E., Taylor and Francis, London, Bristol, PA, 3-31(1998) @No $ @ @ Bissett J., A revision of the genus Trichoderma. II. Infrageneric classification’, Canadian J. Bot., 69, 2357-2372 (1991) @No $ @ @ Brotman Y., Lisec J., Me´ ret M., Chet I., Willmitzer L.andViterbo A., Transcript and metabolite analysis of the Trichoderma induced systemic resistance response to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana, Microbiol, 158, 139–146 (2012) @No $ @ @ Rubio M.B., Dom´nguez S., Monte E. and Hermosa R., Comparative study of Trichoderma gene expression in interactions with tomato plants using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays, Microbiol, 158, 119–128 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mukherjee P.K., Buensanteai N., Moran-Diez M.E., Druzhinina I.S. and Kenerley C.M., Functional analysis of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) in Trichoderma virens reveals a polyketide synthase (PKS)/NRPS hybrid enzyme involved in the induced systemic resistance response in maize, Microbiol, 158,155–165 (2012b) @No $ @ @ Baker S.E., Perrone G., Richardson N.M., Gallo A. and Kubicek C.P., Phylogenetic analysis and evolution of polyketide synthase-encoding genes in Trichoderma’, Microbiol, 158, 147–154 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mukherjee  P.K., Horwitz  B.A. and Kenerley C.M., Secondary metabolism in Trichoderma–a genomic perspective, Microbiol, 158, 35–45 (2012a) @No $ @ @ Bariya H.and Thakkar V., Phenols and peroxidase isozymes act as biochemical markers for resistance against late blight of potato, Int. J. Biol. pharm allied sci., 1(3), 306-321 ( 2012) @No $ @ @ Orlowska E., Fill A., Kirk H., Llorent B., Cvitanich C., Differential gene induction in resistant and susceptible potato cultivars at early stage of infection by Phytopthora infestans,Plant Cell Rep.,31, 187-203 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bariya H., Thakkar V., Tanna S.and Subramanian R. B., Biochemical and molecular determinance of resistance and susceptibility in Solanum tuberosum (potato) plants challenged with Phytopthora infestans, Archives of Phytopathol. Plant Prot., DOI:10.1080/03235408. 2012.675036 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sriram S., Manasa S. B.andSavitha M. J., Potential use of elicitors from Trichoderma in induced systemic resistance for the management of Phytophthora capsici in red pepper, J. Biol. Contr., 23(4), 449–456 (2009) @No $ @ @ Yedidia I., Benhamou N.andChet  I., Induction of defense responses in cucumber plants (Cucumissativus L.) by the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum’, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65, 1061–1070 (1999) @No $ @ @ Shoresh  M., Yedidia I.and Chet I., Involvement of jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling pathway in the systemic resistance induced in cucumber by Trichoderma asperellumT203, Phytopathol., 95, 76–84 (2005) @No $ @ @ Djonovic S., Vargas W. A., Kolomiets M. V., Horndeski M., Wiest A.andKenerley C. M., A proteinaceous elicitor Sm1 from the beneficial fungus Trichoderma virens is required for induced systemic resistance in maize, Plant Physiol., 145, 875–889 (2007) @No $ @ @ Gallou  A., Cranenbrouck  S.andDeclerck S., Trichoderma harzianum elicits defence response genes in roots of potato plantlets challenged by Rhizoctoniasolani, Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 124, 219–230 (2009) @No
<#LINE#>Diversity of Mangroves in Udupi District of Karnataka State, India<#LINE#>Suma,P.V.@Gowda<#LINE#>11-17<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-087.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Alvas College, Moodbidiri, Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, INDIA @ Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial College, Udupi, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>23/4/2013<#LINE#>20/8/2013<#LINE#>The mangrove diversity was studied in two estuaries of Udupi taluk [Udyavara river estuarine complex (U) and Swarna – Sita and Kodi estuarine complex (S)] and one estuary of Kundapura taluk [Chakra Haladi and Kollur Estuarine river complex (C)] of Udupi district of  Karnataka State. The study showed comparatively more mangrove diversity  in Udyavara river estuarine complex (U) than in Swarna – Sita and Kodi estuarine complex (S) and Chakra Haladi and Kollur Estuarine river complex (C). In Chakra Haladi and Kollur Estuarine river complex (C) area, a few species were found comparatively more dominant than the other species and in other two study areas, the mangrove species were found more or less evenly distributed.<#LINE#> @ @ Clarke L.D. and Hannon N.J., The mangrove swamp and salt marsh communities of the Sydney district, III, Plant growth in relation to salinity and water logging, J.Eco., 58, 351–369 (1967) @No $ @ @ Jagtap T.G., Structure and composition of the mangrove forests along the Goa coast, The mangroves: Proc. Nat. Symp. Biol. Util. Cons., 188–195 (1985) @No $ @ @ Jain S.K. and Rao R.R., Handbook of field and herbarium methods, Delhi, Goyal Offsets (1977) @No $ @ @ Mudaliar C.R. and Kamath H.S., Backwater flora of the West Coast of South India, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 54,69–89 (1952) @No $ @ @ Rao A. and Suresh P.V., Costal Ecosystems of the Karnataka State, India, Navbharath Enterprises, Bangalore, 52–81 (2001) @No $ @ @ Rao T.A., Sandy strand management in India, Akashavani,J., (Jan.) 60 – 70 (1981) @No $ @ @ Rao T.A. and Sastry A.R.K., An outline of the Coastal Vegetation of India, Bull. Bot. Surv. India,16, 101 – 115 (1974) @No $ @ @ Rao T.A. and Sastry A.R.K., Studies on the flora and vegetation of coastal Andhra Pradesh, India, Bull. Bot. Surv. India,15, 92 –107 (1973) @No $ @ @ Rao T.A., Aggarwal K.R. and Mukherjee A.K., Ecological studies on the soil and vegetation of Krusadi group of islands in the Gulf of Mannar. Bull. Bot. Surv. India,5,141–148 (1963) @No $ @ @ Rao T.A., Suresh P.V. and Shereiff A.N., Little known attributes of some mangrove plants of the Karnataka coast,Curr. Sci.,56, 725 (1987) @No $ @ @ Sidhu S.S., Studies on the mangroves of India, I. East Godavari region, Reprinted, Indian Forester, 89, 337–352 (1963) @No $ @ @ Walter H., The adaptations of plants in saline soils of arid zones, Proc. Teheran Symp. Published by UNESCO, 14, 129–134 (1961) @No
<#LINE#>In Vitro Plantlets Regeneration of Terminalia bellirica Roxb. An important Medicinal Tree<#LINE#>Bharti@Sahu,Koche@Vijaya<#LINE#>18-23<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-094.pdf<#LINE#> PTC Lab, School of Life Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur – 492010, Chattisgarh, INDIA<#LINE#>26/4/2013<#LINE#>21/6/2013<#LINE#>Rapid in vitro micropropagation protocol of T. bellirica was achieved using nodal explant from mature tree. Nodal explants when placed on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 0.5 mgl-1 6-benzylaminopurine showed 100% shoot-bud with 4.5±0.56 shoot length per explant.  The nodal segments from micro shoot obtain  from induction medium were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with different concentration of BAP and NAA, best shoot multiplication occurred with 0.25 mgl-1 BAP + 0.25 mgl-1 NAA. The shoot and node number increased significantly at third and fourth subculture of nodal segments.  Excised shoots (2 cm - 3 cm long with 2 to 3 nodes) when grown on half MS basal medium with 0.25 mgl-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and pulse has shown rhizogenesis. The plantlets were washed to remove agar and then planted root trainers containing soil rite or sand soil mixture as substrate. These cultures were placed in green house for primary hardening. After four-weeks, plants were transferred from green house to net house where the plants exhibited gradual acclimatization to outdoor conditions.  <#LINE#> @ @ Prajapati N.D., Purohit S.S., Sharma Arun K. and Kummar T., A handbook of Medicinal plants, pp 507 (2006) @No $ @ @ Amrithpal S.S., Herbalism phytochemistry and Ethanopharmacology, Science Publishers, 357-361 (2011) @No $ @ @ Motamarri N S., Karthikeyan M., Kannan M. and Rajasekar S., Terminalia belerica. Roxb-A Phytopharmacological Review, International Jour of Res Pharmal and Biomedical Sci., , 96-99  (2012) @No $ @ @ Murashige T. and Skoog F., A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures, Physiol Plantarum, 15, 473-497 (1962) @No $ @ @ Lloyd G. and McCrown B., Commercially feasible micropropagation of mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia by use of shoot tip culture, Proc. Int. Comb. Plant Proc. Soc., 30, 421-427 (1980) @No $ @ @ Schenk R.V. and Hilderbrandt A.C., Medium and Techniques for induction and growth of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant cell cultures, Can. Journal of Botany, 50, 199 – 204 (1972) @No $ @ @ Gamborg O.L., Miller R.A. and Ojima K., Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells, Exper Cell Res., 50, 151 – 158 (1968) @No $ @ @ Noabre J., Santos C. and Romano A., Micropropagation of the mediterrianean Species viburnum tissues, Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult., 60, 75-78 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mehta J., Sain M., Sharma D. R., Gehlot P., Sharma P andDhaker J. K., Micropropagation of an Anti diabetic Plant - Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, (Natural Sweetener) in Hadoti Region of South-East Rajasthan, India, ISCA J. Biological Sci.,1(3), 37-42 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ndoya M., Diallo I. and Gassama Y.K., In vitro multiplication of the semi arid forest tree, Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Afric Jourl  Biotech, 2(11), 421-424 (2003) @No $ @ @ Pandey S., Singh M., Jaiswal and Jaiswal V.S., Shoot initiation and Multiplication A Mature Tree of Terminalia arjuna Roxb., In vitro Cell and Dev Bio- Plant, 42,389-393 (2006) @No $ @ @ Das M. and Pal A., Clonal propagation and production of genetically uniform regeneration from axillary meristems of adult Bamboo, Plant Biochem and Plant Biotech., 14,185-188 (2005) @No $ @ @ Rajeswari V. and Paliwal K., In vitro plant regeneration of red sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus L.f.) from cotyledonary nodes, Indian Jour of Biotech, , 541-546 (2008) @No $ @ @ Pandey S., Jaiswal V.S., Micropropagation of Terminalia arjuna Roxb. From coteledonary nodes, Indian jour of Exp Biol., 40,959 – 953 (2002) @No $ @ @ Tiwari S.K., Tiwari K.P. and Siril E.A., An improved micropropagation protocol for Teak, Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult., 71,1-6 (2002) @No $ @ @ Naik D., Vartak V. and Bhargava S., Provenance and subculture – dependent variation during micropropagation of Gmelina arborea, Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult., 73,189-195 (2003) @No $ @ @  Bhat I.D. and Dhar U., Combined effect of cytokinins on multiple shoot production from cotyledonary node explants of Bauhinia vahlii, Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult., 62,79- 83 (2000) @No $ @ @ Siril E.A. and Dhar U., Micropropagation of mature Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum Roxb.), Plant Cell Rep., 16,637–640 (1997) @No $ @ @ Siddique I. Anis M., and Jahan A.A., Rapid Multiplication of Nyctanthes arbor- tristis L. through In vitro Axillary Shoot Proliferation, World Jour Agri Sci., 2(2),188-192 (2006) @No $ @ @ Faisal M., Siddique L., Anis M., An efficient plant regeneration system for Mucuna pruriens L., using cotyledonary node explants, In vitro Cell and Dev Bio- Plant, 42,52-64 (2006) @No $ @ @ Eman A.A., Initiation of Pharmaceutical Factories  depending on more Application of Biotechnology on some Medicinal Plants Review Article, Res. J Recent Sci.,, 398-404 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ishii K., Takta N., Kurita M., Taniguchi T., Tissue culture of two medicinal trees native to Japan, BMC Proceedings5(7), 137 (2011) @No $ @ @ Talukdar T., In vitro regeneration of an endangered ornamental plant impala Lily (Adenium multiflorumKlotzsch), Indian J of Fundamental and Appl Life Sci., 2 (3), 42-50 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ahirwar J.R., The Growth Performance of Alangium lamarckii as affected by various level of IBA, Short Communication, International Res J of Biological Sci.,2(1), 64-66 (2013) @No $ @ @ Shadparvar V., The effects of IBA and 2ip on callogenesis and shoot formatting of Cymbidium orchid var Red Tiffani, Short Communication, Res.J.Recent Sci.,1(8), 70-72 (2012) @No $ @ @ Banerjee P., Maity S. and Banerjee N.,High frequency somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration of Bauhinia variegata, a multipurpose tree legume, Indian J of Fundamental and Appl Life Sci., 2(2), 87-95 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Zooplankton Diversity with Reference to the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Kajjarla Lake, Adilabad District, AP, India<#LINE#>P.@Sivalingam,Swamy@M.,T.@RavinderReddy<#LINE#>24-28<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-105.pdf<#LINE#> Aquatic Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, AndraPradesh-506009, INDIA<#LINE#>10/5/2013<#LINE#>1/7/2013<#LINE#>Adilabad District is one of the tribal district of Andhra Pradesh. The district geographically connected with two state borders Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh. The selected a lake Kajjarla which is near to Adilabad town and assessed the physico-chemical parameters and zooplankton diversity, during the period from September 2011 to August 2012. The physico chemical parameters like air temperature, water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, totalhardness, transparence, turbidiy, TDS, dissolvedoxygen, boilogical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand ,chlorides, sulphates and phosphate. Zooplanktons were examined quantitatively and with stranded identification methods. Zooplankton occupies a important position structure of lake ecosystem and plays a key role in the energy transfer. The zooplanktons were identified into four major groups comprises of Rotifer, Cladoceran, Copepod and Ostracoda. Zooplankton composition is highest in the summer months, and lowest in the monsoon months. Some of the protozoan and nematode parasites were also identified in this lake. The above study shows the lake is moderatory polluted as well as it transfer the nematode parasites. <#LINE#> @ @ Pawar S.K. and Pulle J.S., Studies on physico-chemical parameters in Pethwadaj dam, Nanded District in Maharashtra, India, J. Aqua. Biol., 20(2), 123-128, (2005) @No $ @ @ APHA, Stranded methods: for the examination of water and wastewater, 16th edition, American Public Health Association (1985) @No $ @ @ Rajshekar A.U., Lingaiah, M.S., Satyanarayana Rao and Ravishankar Piska: The studies on water quality parameters of minor reservoir, Nadergul, Rangareddy district, (A.P), J.Aqua.Biol., 21(2), 113-117 (2007) @No $ @ @ Khan M.A.G. and Choudhary S.H.,Physical and chemical limnology of lake Kaptai, Bangladesh, Trop, and Eco., 35(1), 35-31 (1994) @No $ @ @ Salve B.S. and Hiware C.J., Studies on water quality of Wanparakalpa reservoir, Nagpur, near Parli vaijnath, district, Beed. Marathwada region, J.Aqua.Biol., 21(2), 113-117 (2006) @No $ @ @ Venkateshwarlu V., An ecological study of the algae of the river Moosi, Hyderabad (India) with special reference to the water pollution-I: physico-chemical complexes, Hydrobiologia., 33, 117-43  (1969) @No $ @ @ Sarang N., Anil Kumar B.K., Sharma, Sharma L.L. and Verma P.C., planktonic biodiversity along with shoreline of RPS lake, NSL: 160-163 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ganzalves, E.A and Joshi, D.B., Fresh water algae near Bombay the seasonal succession of the algae in a tank of Bandra, J.Bomb.Nat.His.Soc., 46, 154-176 (1946) @No $ @ @ Malathi D., Ecological studies on lake Hussain sagar with special reference to the zooplankton communities, Ph.D. Thesis Osmania University, A.P.India (1999) @No $ @ @ Lougheed and Chow-fraser P.,Factors that regulate the zooplankton community structure of turbied, hypereutrophic Great lakes wetland, Can.J.Fish.Aquat.Sci., 55(1), 150-161 (1998) @No $ @ @ Quadri M.Y. and Yousuf A.R., Influence  of physico-chemical factors on the seasonality of cladocera  in lake Manasbal, Geobis, 7, 273-276 (1980) @No $ @ @ Kumari, P., Dhadse, Chaudhari P.R and, Wate S.B: A biomonitoring of plankton to assess quality of water in the lakes of  Nagpur city,  Proceedings of Taal:The 12th world lake conference, 160-164 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kulkarni D.A. and Surwase S.S., Studies on occurrence richness and composition of zooplankton in feena river water at, Mohal, dist-Solapur, M.S. India, Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(2), 25-28 (2013) @No
<#LINE#>In Vitro Regeneration and Screening for Salt Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)<#LINE#>Zinnah@K.M.A.,Zobayer@Nayem,Sikdar@SaifU.,Liza@LutfunNahar,Md.@AlNayemChowdhury,Ashrafuzzaman@M.<#LINE#>29-36<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-122.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of life sciences, Shahjalal University of Sci. and Tech., Sylhet-3114, BANGLADESH<#LINE#>23/5/2013<#LINE#>3/8/2013<#LINE#>The study was conducted to obtain salt tolerant genotype of BRRI Dhan 38 and Chini Kanai (local variety) rice varieties through somaclonal variation. Different concentration and combinations of growth regulators were supplemented to MS medium to observe the callus induction and plantlet regeneration ability of mature rice seeds. On the other hand, the calli were transferred to the best regeneration medium at different concentrations of NaCl to check the inherent capacity of calli to regenerate on medium  under salt stress condition. Maximum percentage of callus induction was observed in MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l 2,4-D for BRRI Dhan 38 and 3 mg/l for Chini Kanai. Calli derived from the different concentrations of 2, 4-D were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l NAA, 2 mg/L BA and various concentration of Kinetin for plantlet regeneration. It was observed that MS media supplemented with 2 mg/l of kinetin in combination with 1 mg/l NAA and 2 mg/l BA produced highest percentage of callus for BRRI Dhan 38 (80%) and Chini Kanai (60%) respectively. Plant regeneration of BRRI dhan 38 was 80% at 0 mM NaCl, but decreased to 20%  at 100 mM NaCl. There was 0% plant regeneration at 150 mM NaCl for BRRI 38 and Chini Kanai respectively. In Chini Kanai plant regeneration on the no-stress  medium was 60%. At 150 mM it decreased to 20% and there was no  regeneration at 200 mM NaCl. It indicates that Chini Kanai is more salt tolerant then BRRI Dhan 38. <#LINE#> @ @ Khush G.S. and Virk P.S., Rice Breeding: Achievement and future strategies, Crop Improvement, 27, 115-144 (2000) @No $ @ @ Zeigler R.S., International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines, In 5th International Rice Blast Conference, 5 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hoque M.E., Ali M.S. and Karim N.H., Embryogenic callus induction and regeneration of Elite Bangladeshi Indica rice cultivars, Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, 17(1), 65-70 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hoque E.H and Mansfield J.W., Effect of genotype and explant age on callus induction and subsequent plant regeneration from root-derived callus of Indica rice genotypes, Plant Cell Tissue & Organ Culture, 78, 217-223 (2004) @No $ @ @ Islam M.M., Ahmed M. and Mahalder D., In vitro callus induction and plant regeneration in seed explants of rice Oryza sativa L.). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 1(1), 72-75 (2005) @No $ @ @ Wijesekera T.P., Iqbal M.C.M. and Bandara D.C., Plant regeneration in vitro by organogenesis on callus induced from mature embryos of three rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. spp. indica), Tropical Agriculture Research, 19, 25-35 (2007) @No $ @ @ Karthikeyan A., Pandian S.T.K. and Ramesh M., High frequency plant regeneration from embryogenic callus of a popular indica rice (Oryza sativa L.), Physiology and Molecular Biology ofPlants, 15, 371-375 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sharma V.K., Hänsch R., Mendel R.R. and Schulze J., Mature embryo axis-based high frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from multiple cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Experimental Biotechnology, 56, 1913-1922 (2005) @No $ @ @ Ilahi I., Bano S., Jabeen M. and Rahim F., Micropropagation of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Swat-II) through somatic embryogenesis, Pakistani Journal of Biotechnology, 37, 237-242 (2005) @No $ @ @ Kyungsoon L., Hysung J. and Kim M., Optimazation of a mature embryo-based in vitro culture system for high frequency somatic embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration from japonica rice cultivars, Plant Cell Tissue and organCulture, 71, 237-244 (2002) @No $ @ @ Saharan V., Yadav N.R. and Chapagain B.P., High frequency plant regeneration from desiccated calli of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.), African Journal of Biotechnology, , 256-259 (2004) @No $ @ @ Rafique M.Z., Rashid H., Chaudhary M.F., Chaudhry Z. and Cheema N.M., Study on callogenesis and organogenesis in local cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.), Pakistani Journal of Biotechnology, 43, 191-203 (2011) @No $ @ @ Roychoudury A., Basu S., Sarkar S.N. and Sengupta D.N., Comparative physiological and molecular responses of a common aromatic indica rice cultivar to high salinity with non aromatic indica rice cultivars, Plant Cell Reports, 27, 1395-1410 (2008) @No $ @ @ Rani C.R., Reema C., Alka S. and Singh P.K., Salt Tolerance of Sorghum bicolor Cultivars during Germination and Seedling Growth, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(3), 1-10 (2012) @No $ @ @ Petersen L. and Shireen S., Soil and water salinity in the coastal area of Bangladesh, SRDI (2001) @No $ @ @ Venkataiah P., Christopher T. and Subhash K., Selection and characterization of sodium chloride and mannitol tolerant callus lines of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Plant Physiology, 9(2), 158-163 (2004) @No $ @ @ Gu R., Liu Q., Pie D. and Jiang X., Understanding saline and osmotic tolerance of Populus euphratica suspended cells, Plant Cell Tissue & Organ Culture, 78, 261-265 (2004) @No $ @ @ Chen R., Gyokusen K. and Saito A., Selection, regeneration and protein profile characteristics of NaCl-Tolerant callus of Robinia pseudoacaia L., Journal of Forestry Research, , 43-48 (2001) @No $ @ @ Jaiswal R. and Singh N.P., Plant Regeneration from NaCl Tolerant Callus/Cell Lines of Chickpea, ICPN, , 21-23 (2001) @No $ @ @ Miki Y., Hashiba M. and Hisajima S., Establishment of salt stress tolerant rice plants through step-up NaCl treatment in vitro. Biol. Plant., 44, 391-395 (2001) @No $ @ @ Sikdar, Saif U., Nayem Zobayer, Fazle Azim, M. Ashrafuzzaman, and Shamsul H. Prodhan, An efficient callus initiation and direct regeneration of Stevia rebaudiana, African Journal of Biotechnology, 11, 10381-10387 (2012) @No $ @ @ Zobayer N., Prodhan S.H., Sikdar S.U., Azim F. and Ashrafuzzaman M., Study of shoot multiplication of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology, 1(1&2), 69-72 (2011) @No $ @ @ Murashige T. and Skoog F., A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue culture, Physiolgia Plantarum, 15, 473-479 (1962) @No $ @ @ Dhoran V.S. and Gudadhe S.P.. Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Germination and Seedling Vigour in Asparagus sprengeri Regelin, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences,1(7), 6-10 (2012) @No $ @ @ Fazle Azim, M.M. Rahman, Shamsul H. Prodhan, Saif U. Sikdar, Nayem Zobayer and M. Ashrafuzzaman. Development of Efficient Callus initiation of Malta (Citrus sinensis) Through Tissue Culture, International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology, 1 (1&2), 64-68, (2011) @No $ @ @ Jitendra M., Monika S., Ratan S.D., Priyanka G., Priyanka S. and Kiran D.J., Micropropagation of an Anti diabetic Plant - Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, (Natural Sweetener) in Hadoti Region of South-East Rajasthan, India, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences,1(3), 37-42, (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Allozyme variation in house fly populations, Musca domestica from Allahabad, India<#LINE#>M.@Tripathi,U.R.@Agrawal,J.@Tripathi<#LINE#>37-40<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-154.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Iswar Saran Degree College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211004, INDIA @ Department of Zoology, CMP Degree College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211002, INDIA<#LINE#>5/7/2013<#LINE#>16/8/2013<#LINE#>Allozyme variation was assessed in the four populations of the common house fly Musca domestica. Allozymes at three gene enzyme system unraveled four loci which revealed nine alleles. F statistics revealed that except XDH all the other loci show inbreeding (Fis&#65533;Fst ). Very little genetic differences have been found among the populations of M.domestica. <#LINE#> @ @ Murphy R.W., Sites J.W., Buth D.G. and Haufler C.H., Proteins: isozyme electrophoresis, In:Molecular systematic (eds. Hills D.M., Moritz C. and Mable B.K.), Sinauer Associates. Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts, U.S.A., 655(1996) @No $ @ @ Mateus R.P. and Sene F.M., Temporal and spatial allozyme variation in the South American cactophilic Drosophila antonietae (Diptera : Drosophilidae), Biochem. Genet., 41, 219- 233 (2003) @No $ @ @ West L., Thehousefly. Its natural history, medical importance and control, Ithaca NY: Comstock, (1951) @No $ @ @ Scott H.G. and Lettig K.S.,Flies of Public Health Importance and their Control, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, (1962) @No $ @ @ Greenberg J.B., Flies and disease, Vol.1, Ecology, classification andbiotic association, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, (1973) @No $ @ @ Keiding J., The house fly: biology and control,WHO Vector Control Series: 63, (1986) @No $ @ @ Tan S.W., Yap K.L. and Lee H.I., Mechanical transport of rotavirus by the legs and wings of Musca domestica., J Med Entomol., 34, 527-531 (1997) @No $ @ @ Grubel P., Huang  L., Masubuchi N., Stutzenberger F.J. and Cave D.R., Detection of Helicobacter pylori  DNA in houseflies (Musca domestica) on three continents, Lancet., 352, 788-792 (1998) @No $ @ @ Sasaki T., Kobayashi M. and Agui N., Epidemiological potential of excretion and regurgitation by Musca domestica (Diptera: muscidae) in the dissemination of Escherichia coli O157: H7 to food, J Med Entomol.,  37, 945-949 (2000) @No $ @ @ Zurek L., Denning S.S., Schal C. and Watson D.W., Vector competence of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) for Yersinia  pseudotuberculosis,J Med Entomol., 38, 333-336 (2001) @No $ @ @ Maisnier-Patin S. and Andersson D.I., Adaptation to the deleterious effects of antimicrobial drug resistance mutations by compensatory evolution, Res Microbiol.,155, 360-369 (2004) @No $ @ @ Stanger J., Preliminary observations on genetic variation in three colonies of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) isolated from central Alberta, Quaest  Entomol., 20, 51-59  (1984) @No $ @ @ Black IV W.C. and Krafsur E.S., Electrophoretic analysis of genetic variability in the house fly (Musca domestica L.Biochem Genet.23(3-4), 193-203 (1985) @No $ @ @ Black IV W.C. and Krafsur E.S., Temporal and spatial trends in allozyme frequencies in house fly populations, Musca domestica. Theor. Appl. Genet., 71, 673-681 (1986 a) @No $ @ @ Black IV W.C. and Krafsur E.S.,Seasonal breeding structure in house fly, Musca domestica L., Populations, Heredity, 56, 289-298 (1986 b) @No $ @ @ Krafsur E.S., Helm J.M. and Black IV W. C., Genetic diversity at electrophoretic loci in the house fly, Musca domestica L. Biochem Genet.,30 , 317-328 (1992) @No $ @ @ Krafsur E.S., Bryant N.L., Marquez J.G. and Griffith N.T., Genetic distances among North American, British and West African house fly populations Musca domestica L. Biochem Genet., 38, 75-284 (2000) @No $ @ @ Taskin B.G., Taskin V. and Kucukakyuz K., Electrophoretic analysis of genetic diversity in natural house fly (Musca domestica L.) populations from the Western and Southern coasts of Turkey, Tubitak,Turk. J. Biol. 35, 337-346 (2011a) @No $ @ @ Taskin B.G., Taskin V. and Kucukakyuz K. and Kence M., Determination of esterase enzyme polymorphism in house fly (Musca domestica L.) populations in Turkey, Tubitak, Turk. J. Zool.35(6), 896-877 (2011 b) @No $ @ @ Tripathi M., Tewari R.R. and Agrawal U.R., Genetic variations in house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera :Mucsidae) from Allahabad India . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sciences, India (Biological Sciences)80(1), 24-29 (2010) @No $ @ @ Tripathi M., Agrawal U.R. and Tewari R.R., Seasonal genetic variation in house fly populations, Musca domestica (Diptera: Mucsidae), Cell. Mol. Biol., 57, 129-134 (2011) @No $ @ @ Tripathi M., Agrawal U.R., Tripathi J and Tewari R.R., Spatial genetic variation in house fly populations, Musca domestica(Diptera :Mucsidae), Int J Pharm Bio Sci.,3(4), 927 – 934 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tsukamoto M., Enhancement of Staining intensity of mosquito larva zymograms after electrophoresis, J. UOEH., 11, 461-479 (1989) @No $ @ @ Thomas R. and Barker J.S.F., Breeding structure of natural populations of Drosophila buzzatii: Effects of the distribution of larval substrates, Heredity, 64, 355-361 (1990) @No $ @ @ Genetic variations among Ecologically diverse species of Anurans at the level of Genus based on ISSR Marker Santhosh Kumar K., Lingaiah Kusuma, Ramachandra N.B. and Nair Vijay Mala, I. Res. J. Biological Sci.,1(7),11-19(2012) @No $ @ @ Sodium Dodecyl sulphate Polyacrylamide gel Electrophoresis Pattern of Horse Gram Seed Storage Proteins during Germination Pek Geok Pang, Asrul Afandi, Rahman Shefiqur and Shaha Ranajit kumar, I. Res. J. Biological Sci., 1(4), 39-50(2012) @No 
<#LINE#>Potentiality of Vitamin C and / or Lupinus termis to Modulate Blood Glucose level and Oxidative Stress Status of Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats<#LINE#>M.@HadyMaha<#LINE#>41-46<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-156.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Nutrition and Clinical nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, EGYPT<#LINE#>6/7/2013<#LINE#>3/8/2013<#LINE#>Lupinus termis (termis) has long been utilized as integral food in developing countries prior to being recognized as a hypoglycemic agent and vitamin C is known as a potent antioxidant. Here we tested the hypothesis that the administration of vitamin C and termis solely or in combination modulates the adverse effects on blood glucose and vitamin C levels, liver and kidney functions as well as oxidative stress biomarkers of diabetes induced by alloxan in Wistar rats. Fifty male Wistar albino rats (110.0± 15.0g) were fed on a standard experimental diet and allotted to five groups; non diabetic control group (C), diabetic control (D) and three diabetic groups each of which were given oral vitamin C (100mg/kg body weight, DVC) or termis (75mg/100g body weight, DT) or   their combination at the same levels (DVCT) for four weeks. Induction of diabetes  significantly (P0.05) increased the blood glucose and decreased the vitamin C levels as compared to the non diabetic controls, associated with a significant depression in the activity of the kidney and liver function and in the oxidative stress biomarkers. All treatments had positive effects on the measured   parameters; however, the combined treatment surpassed the sole treatments in such modulating effects. In conclusion, the combination of vitamin C and termis appears to be a beneficial strategy not only to control hyperglycemia but also to modulate the negative effects of diabetes on kidney and liver function and oxidative stress status. <#LINE#> @ @ Shaw J.E., Sicree, R.A and  Zimmet P.Z., Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice,87, 4–1 4 (2010) @No $ @ @ Maritim A.C., Sanders R.A. and Watkins J.B., A review of Diabetes, Oxidative stress and antioxidants, J. Biochem Molecular Toxicol.,17, 24-38 (2002) @No $ @ @ Shukla A. and Gupta R. K., Effect of the aqueous extract of boerhavia difusa roots and leaves of hypoglycemic as well as immunosupport activity, I. Res. J. Biological Sci., 6, 62-65 (2012) @No $ @ @ Giugliano D., Ceriello A. and Paolisso G., Oxidative stress and diabetic vascular complications, Diabetic Care, 19, 257-267 (1996) @No $ @ @ Muller M.S. and Mechler E., Medicinal plants in tropical countries: Traditional use-experience-facts (6th ed.)  Thieme; Stuttgart, Germany (2005) @No $ @ @ Eskander E.F. and Won Jun J.H., Hypoglycemic and hyperinsulinemic effects of some Egyptian herbs used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (type II) in rats, Egypt J Pharm Sci., 36, 331-342 (1995) @No $ @ @ Ramadan G., El-Beih N.M. and Abd El-Kareem H. F., Antimetabolic syndrome and immunostimulant activities of Egyptian fenugreek seeds in diabetic / obese and immunosuppressive rat models, Br J Nutr., 105, 995–1004 (2011) @No $ @ @ Glombitz, K.W., Mahran, G.H., Mirhom, Y.M., Michel,K.G., Motawi, T.K.,. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of Ziphus spinachristi in rats, Planta Med., 60, 244–247 (1994) @No $ @ @ Mansour H.A., Newar A., Yousef A.A, Yousef , M.I. and Sheweita,S.A. ,Biochemical study on the effect of some Egyptian herbs in alloxan- induced diabetic rats, Toxicology,170, 221-228 (2002) @No $ @ @ Hanfy R. and El- Shazly K.A., The antihyperglycemic effect of Lupinus termis and orcitrullus colocynthis in alloxan- induced diabetic rats, Kafr El- Sheikh Veterinary MedicineJ., 4, 577-589 (2006) @No $ @ @ Bonnefont-Rousselot D., The role of antioxidant micronutrientents in the prevention of diabetic complications, Treat Endocrinol.,3, 41-52 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ahmed R.G., A review of the physiological and biochemical effects of diabetes on balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system,  Med. J. Islamic World Acad. Sci., 15, 31-42 (2005) @No $ @ @ Nutrient Requirement of Laboratory animals, National academic press. Washington DC. Fourth edition (1995) @No $ @ @ Dawud,FA ,Eze ED, Ardja A.A., Isa A.S., Jimoh A., Bashiru M., and Malgwi IS. Ameliorative effects of vitamin C and zinc in alloxan-induced diabetes and oxidative stress in Wistar rats, Current research J. of Biol. Sci., 4, 123-129 (2011) @No $ @ @ Trinder P. Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor, Ann Clin Biochem,6, 24–27 (1969) @No $ @ @ Kyaw A., A simple colorimetric method for ascorbic acid determination in blood plasma, Clin Chim Acta, 86, 153-157 (1978) @No $ @ @ Reitman S. and Frankel, S.A, Colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases, Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 28, 56–63 (1957) @No $ @ @ Heinegard D. and Tiderstrom,G., Determination of serum creatinine by a direct colorimetric method, Clin  Chim Acta., 43, 305-310 (1973) @No $ @ @ Patton C.J.and Crouch, S.R., Spectrophotometeric and kinetics investigation of the Berthelot reaction for determination of ammonia, Anal. Chem., 49, 464–469 (1977) @No $ @ @ Lowry OH, Rosebrough, NJ, Farr A. L. and Randall R. J., Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent, J. Biol. Chem.,193, 269–275 (1951) @No $ @ @ Doumas B.T., Watson W.A. and Biggs, H.G., Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromocresol green, Clin. Chem. Acta., 31, 87-96 (1977) @No $ @ @  Beutler E, Duron, O. and   Kelly, M. Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione, J LabClin Med., 61, 882-888 (1963) @No $ @ @ Goth L., A simple method for determination of serum catalase activity and revision of reference range, Clin Chim Acta.,196, 143-152 (1991) @No $ @ @ Draper H. and Hadley M., Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid peroxidation, Methods Enzymol,186, 421-431 (1990) @No $ @ @ Nishikimi M., Appaji N. and Yagi, K., The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazine methosulfate and molecular oxygen, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 46, 849-854 (1972) @No $ @ @ Levesque R., Programming and data management: A Guide for SPSS and SAS user, Fourth edition, SPSS Inc. Chicago IL (2007) @No $ @ @ Mohamed M.H. and El-Shorbagi M. ANA (±) Termisine, anovel lupine alkaloid from the seeds of Lupinus termis, J. Natural Product, 56, 1999-2002 (1993) @No $ @ @ Abd elaziz E.A., Pathological and biochemical studies on the effect of Trigonella foenum -Graecum and Lupinus termis in alloxan induced Diabetic rats, World Applied Sciences Journal,12,1839-1850 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hall, R.S., Thomas S.J. and Jahnson S.K. Australian sweet lupin Flour addition reduces the glycemic index of a white bread breakfast without affecting palatability in the healthy human volunteers, Asia, Pacific, J. Clinical Nutrition,14, 91-97 (2005) @No $ @ @ Eze E.D., Dawud F.A., Zainab A.A., Jimoh A., Malgwi I.S.and Isa A.S., Preliminary studies of effects of vitamin C and zinc on some liver enzymes in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats, Asian J Med Sci., 4, 17–22 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Phytoremediation of Heavy Zinc-Contaminated Soils by Forage Corn<#LINE#>Moharami@Hamid,Mohammad@RezaMomayezi,Nasri@Mohammad<#LINE#>47-54<#LINE#>8.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-165.pdf<#LINE#>Student of Agronomy, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, IRAN @ Department of Agronomy, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, IRAN <#LINE#>11/7/2013<#LINE#>25/8/2013<#LINE#>This study was done aiming at investigating interaction between manure and mycorrhizal fungi on amount of phytoremediation of forage maize in Varamin in summer 2012. It should be noted that sewage water was used for irrigation of this farm in the south of Tehran for many years and then it was irrigated tap water while conducting this research. This study was run in factorial form in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications with following factors: 1. Mycorrhiza (M) at 3 levels - without the use of mycorrhiza fertilizer (M), b. use of mycorrhiza fertilizer as 60 kg per hectare (M), c. use of mycorrhiza fertilizer as 120 kg per hectare (M) and, manure treatment (F) at 3 levels – a. without use of animal manure (F) b – use of 25 tons of manure per ha (F), c – use of 50 tons of manure per ha (F). Variance analysis results showed that concentration of zinc in leaf is higher than root. The highest zinc concentration with 30.92 mg/kg was observed in aerial organ. According to research, forage corn, presence of mycorrhizal fungi, and animal manure can be used in phytoremediation of zinc. <#LINE#> @ @ Khan A.G., Kuek C., Chaudhry T.M., Khoo C.S. and Hayes W.J., Role of plants, mycorrhizae and phytochelators in heavy metal contaminated land remediation, Chemosphere, 41(1), 197-207 (2000) @No $ @ @ Krämer U., Phytoremediation: novel approaches to cleaning up polluted soils, Current opinion in biotechnology, 16(2),133-141 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chen B.D., Li X.L., Tao H.Q., Christie P. and Wong M.H., The role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in zinc uptake by red clover growing in a calcareous soil spiked with various quantities of zinc, Chemosphere, 50(6), 839-846 (2003) @No $ @ @ Mengel K. and Kirkby E.A., Principles of plant nutrition (No. Ed. 4), International Potash Institute (1987) @No $ @ @ Wang M.C. and C.H. Yang, Effect of paddy upland crop rotation with various fertilization of soil physical and chemical properties, Research Paper, 17, WCSS. Thailand. 64-69 (2002) @No $ @ @ Najm A., Effect of Integrated management of nitrogen fertilizer and manure on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of potato. MA thesis (agriculture field). College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University of Rudehen (2009) @No $ @ @ D'Angelo G.H., Postulka E.B. and Ferrari L., Infrequent and intense defoliation benefits drymatter accumulation and persistence of clipped Arrhenatherum elatius, Grass and Forage Science, 60(1), 17-24 (2005) @No $ @ @ Zahran, H.H. Rhizobium –legume symbiosis and nitrogen fixation under severe conditions and in an aria climate, Micro. Mol. Biol.,63(1),968-989(2007) @No $ @ @ Lasat M.M., Pence N.S., Garvin D.F., Ebbs S.D. and Kochian L.V., Molecular physiology of zinc transport in the Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens, Journal of Experimental Botany, 51(342), 71-79 (2000) @No $ @ @ Tone S., Effect of temperature on growth, flower – bud differentiation and flower stalk development of leaf lettuce, Bulletin of the Yamaguchi Agricaltural Experiment Station, 40(3), 34-43 (1988) @No $ @ @ Chen B., Shen H., Li X., Feng G. and Christie P., Effects of EDTA application and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization on growth and zinc uptake by maize (Zea mays L.) in soil experimentally contaminated with zinc., Plant and soil, 261(1-2), 219-229 (2004) @No $ @ @ Christie P., Li X. and Chen B., Arbuscular mycorrhiza can depress translocation of zinc to shoots of host plants in soils moderately polluted with zinc, Plant and Soil, 261(1-2),209-217 (2004) @No $ @ @ Joner E. and Leyval C., Time-course of heavy metal uptake in maize and clover as affected by root density and different mycorrhizal inoculation regimes, Biology and Fertility of Soils, 33(5), 351-357 (2001) @No $ @ @ Jamal A., Ayub N., Usman M. and Khan A.G., Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance zinc and nickel uptake from contaminated soil by soybean and lentil, International Journal of Phytoremediation, 4(3), 205-221 (2002) @No $ @ @ Göhre V. and Paszkowski U., Contribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis to heavy metal phytoremediation, Planta, 223(6), 1115-1122 (2006) @No 
<#LINE#>Pitfall of Real-Time PCR Method to Find Delta mtDNA in Colon Cancer<#LINE#>Massoud@Saidijam,Massoud@Ghaffarpour,Kambiz@Hasrak,Houshm@Massoud<#LINE#>55-59<#LINE#>9.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-167.pdf<#LINE#>Ghaffarpour Massoud, Hasrak Kambiz, and Houshmand Massoud Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, IRAN @ National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, IRAN @ Medical Genetics Department, Special Medical Center, Tehran, IRAN<#LINE#>11/7/2013<#LINE#>4/8/2013<#LINE#>In this study, we investigated the presence of a high incidence of common mitochondrial deletion in mtDNA of colon cancer tissues and in blood of both patients and control samples. For this purpose, one of the common regions of the mitochondrial genome was screened using different techniques including PCR amplification, Southern blot, and real-time PCR followed by DNA sequence analysis. Isolated DNA was applied for amplification of hypervariable regions ATPase8/6, COXIII, ND3, ND4, and ND5 of delta mtDNA4977. In 25 colon cancer patients, delta mtDNA4977 was identified using quantitative RT-PCR in 6 cases (4.5%) of the tumoral tissues and 18 cases (4.47%) of the non-tumoral tissues that were adjacent to the tumors. Delta mtDNA4977 was detected more in non-tumoral tissues than in adjacent tumoral tissues, but less common deletion was observed (0.017%). Additionally, no 4,977-bp common mitochondrial deletion was observed in blood of patients and 100 control samples. Unknown genetic aspects, ambiguous environmental factors, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are events that cause the delta mtDNA4977 mutation rate to be elevated more in non-tumoral tissues as compared to adjacent tumoral tissues of colon cancer. The results of our study propose that delta mtDNA4977 percentage in tumoral tissue is less prevalent and is untolerable, perhaps due to high metabolism and ROS production. <#LINE#> @ @ Salimzadeh H., Delavari A., Montazeri A. and Mirzazadeh A., Knowledge and Practice of Iranians Toward Colorectal Cancer, and Barriers to Screening, Int. J. Prev. Med., 3(1), 29-35 (2012) @No $ @ @ Davari M., Maracy M.R., Emami M.H., Taheri D., Aslani A., Givi M. and Massah S, The Direct Medical Ccosts of Colorectal Cancer in Iran; Analyzing the Patient’s Level Data from a Cancer Specific Hospital in Isfahan, Int. J. Prev. Med., 3(12), 887-892 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sarmandal CV., Cancer, Heart and other Chronic Diseases: Some Preventive Measures to Control Lipid Peroxidation through Choice of Edible Oils, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(6), 68-75 (2012) @No $ @ @ Iqbal S., Raffat S.K., Siddiqui M.S. and Siddiq M.,Social Influence of Biological Viruses on Communities, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(8), 71-75 (2012) @No $ @ @ Sirappuselvi S., and Chitra M., In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Cassia tora Lin, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences,1(6), 57-61 (2012) @No $ @ @ Aweng E.R., Hanisah N., Mohd Nawi M.A.,, Nurhanan Murni Y.,  Shamsul M., Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds of Vitex Trifolia Var, Simplicifolia Associated with Anticancer, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(3), 65-68, (2012) @No $ @ @ Lowe H.I., Watson C.T.,  Badal S.,  Ateh E.N.,  Toyang N.J., and Bryant J., Anti-angiogenic properties of the Jamaican ball moss, (Tillandsia recurvata L.), International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(4), 73-76 (2012)  @No $ @ @ Zhou S., Kassauei K., Cutler D.J., Kennedy G.C., Sidransky D., Maitra A. and Califano J., An Oligonucleotide Microarray for High-Throughput Sequencing of the Mitochondrial Genome, J. Mol. Diagn.,8(4), 476-482 (2006) @No $ @ @ Robin E.D. and  Wong R., Mitochondrial DNA Molecules and Virtual Number of Mitochondria Per Cell in Mammalian Cells, J. Cell. Physiol., 136(3), 507-513 (1988) @No $ @ @ Brown W.M., George M. and Wilson A.C., Rapid Evolution of Aanimal Mitochondrial DNA, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 76(4), 1967-1971 (1979) @No $ @ @ Li Y., Zhou H., Stansbury K. and Trush M., Role of reactive oxygen species in multistage carcinogenesis. In: Thomas C. and Kalyanaram B. editors. Oxygen radicals and disease process, 1977. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 237-277 (1997) @No $ @ @ Kroemer G. and Reed J.C., Mitochondrial control of cell death, Nat. Med., 6(5), 513-519 (2000) @No $ @ @ Dani M.A., Dani S.U., Lima S.P., Martinez A., Rossi B.M., Soares F., Zago M.A. and Simpson, A.J., Less DeltamtDNA4977 than Normal in Various Types of Tumors Suggests that Cancer Cells Are Essentially Free of This Mutation, Genet. Mol. Res., 3(3), 395-409 (2004) @No $ @ @ Wei Y.H., Mitochondrial DNA Alterations as Ageing-Associated Molecular Events, Mutat. Res., 275(3-6), 145-155 (1992) @No $ @ @ Bandy B. and Davison A.J., Mitochondrial Mutations May Increase Oxidative Stress: Implications for Carcinogenesis and Aging?, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 8(6), 523-539 (1990) @No $ @ @ Bohr V., Anson R.M., Mazur S. and Dianov G., Oxidative DNA Damage Processing and Changes with Aging, Toxicol. Lett., 28(102-103), 47-52 (1998) @No $ @ @ Rogounovitch T.I., Saenko V.A., Shimizu-Yoshida Y., Abrosimov A.Y., Lushnikov EF., Roumiantsev P.O., Ohtsuru A., Namba H., Tysb A.F. and Yamashita S. Large Deletions in Mitochondrial DNA in Radiation-Associated Human Thyroid Tumors, Cancer Res., 62(23), 7031-7041(2002) @No $ @ @ Kawashima S., Ohta S., Kagawa Y., Yoshida M. and Nishizawa M., Widespread Tissue Distribution of Multiple Mitochondrial DNA Deletions in Familial Mitochondrial Myopathy. Muscle Nerve., 17(7), 741-746 (1994) @No $ @ @ Lee H.C., Pang C.Y., Hsu H.S. and Wei Y.H., Differential Accumulations of 4,977 bp Deletion in Mitochondrial DNA of Various Tissues in Human Ageing, Biochim Biophys Acta., 226(1), 37-43 (1994) @No $ @ @ Sandip S.M., A Reliable and High Yielding Method for Isolation of Genomic DNA from Ammi majus, International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 2(1), 57-60, (2013) @No $ @ @ Tan D.J., Chang J., Chen W.L., Agress L.I, Yeh K.T., Wang B. and Wong L.I., Novel Heteroplasmic Frameshift and Missense Somatic Mitochondrial DNA Mutations in Oral Cancer of Betel Quid Chewers, Genes Chromosomes Cancer., 37(2), 186-194 (2003) @No $ @ @ Turker M.S. Somatic Cell Mutations: Can They Provide a Link between Aging and Cancer?, Mech. Agei Dev., 117(1-3), 1-19 (2000) @No $ @ @ Turner C., Killoran C., Thomas N.S., Rosenberg M., Chuzhanova N.A., Johnston J., Kemel Y., Cooper D.N. and Biesecker L.G., Human Genetic Disease Caused by de novo Mitochondrial-Nuclear DNA Transfer, Hum. Genet., 112(3), 303-309 (2003) @No $ @ @ Warowicka A., Kwasniewska A. and Gozdzicka-Jozefiak A., Alterations in mtDNA: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study Associated with Cervical Cancer Development, Gyneco. Oncol., 129(1), 193-198 (2013) @No $ @ @ Zheng Y., Luo X., Zhu J., Zhang X., Cheng H., Xiz Z., Su N., Zhang N. and Zhou J, Mitochondrial DNA 4977 bp Deletion Is a Common Pphenomenon in Hair and Increases with Age. Bosn. J. Basic Med. Sci., 12(3), 187-192 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chen T., He J., Shen L., Fang H., Nie H., Jin T., Wei X., Xin Y., Jiang Y., Li H., Chen G., Lu J. and Bai Y., The Mitochondrial DNA 4,977-bp Deletion and Its Implication in Copy Number Alteration in Colorectal Cancer, BMC Med. Genet., 13(12), 8 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kamalidehghan B. and Houshmand M., Pitfalls for Common Mitochondrial DNA Deletion (mtDNA4977) As a Biomarker of Cancer, Arch. Med. Res., 44(1), 79-80 (2013) @No  
<#LINE#>Ornamental Fish Fauna of Adda Hole: Kabbinale Forest Range, Southern Western Ghats, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>Anandhi@UshaD.,Sharath@Y.G.<#LINE#>60-64<#LINE#>10.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-168.pdf<#LINE#>Physiology of Reproduction Unit,Department of Zoology, Jnanabharathi, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560 056, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>16/7/2013<#LINE#>31/8/2013<#LINE#>Adda-hole stream is a 14 km long perennial stream belonging to Kabbinale forest of Gundia region. It is free from pollution and has different habitats, each with diverse ornamental fish population. The ornamental fish of Adda-hole was studied between April 2011 and April 2012. This study revealed a total number of 17 different species of fish belonging to 9 different families, of which 7 species are endemic. According to the IUCN (2011), C. imitator and E. canarensis have been analysed as Data Deficient and Endangered respectively. These two species are restricted to Southern Western Ghats. So far, there is no record of any alien fish species which could be a threat to the ornamental fish fauna. This particular study indicates that this stream can be considered for conservation of some endemic ornamental fishes in Western Ghats.  <#LINE#> @ @ Mittermeir R.A., Myers N.P.R., Mittermeir C.G.H. et al,.Hotspots, Earths biological richnessand most endangered terrestrial ecoregion, Monterrey: CEMEX and Consevation International (2000) @No $ @ @ Ponnaiah A. and Gopalakrishnan G.A., Endemic fish diversity of Western Ghat, NBFGR-NATP Publication -1, Nat. Bur. of Fish Gen. Res., Lucknow, U.P., India (2000) @No $ @ @ Arunachalam M., Johnson J.A., Sankaranarayanan A. et al. Fish diversity in rivers of Northern Karnataka,  Int. Jour. of Eco.AndEnv. Sci., 23, 327-333 (1997) @No $ @ @ Arunachalam M., Assemblage structure of stream fishes in the Western Ghats, (India), Hydrobiologia, 430 1-31. doi:10.1023/A:1004080829388 (2000) @No $ @ @ Arunachalam M. and Muralidharan M., New record of Batasiosharavatiensis from Tunga River, Karnataka, Zoos Print, 22(5), 2680–2682 (2007) @No $ @ @ Shaji C.P. and Easa P.S., Status and Distribution of endemic freshwater fishes in Kerala, Western Ghats, India, Tigerpaper, 25, 21-24 (1998) @No $ @ @ Shaji C.P., Easa P.A. and Gopalakrishnan A., Freshwater fish diversity of Western Ghats, 35-35 (2000) @No $ @ @ Dahanukar N., Raut R., Bhatt A. Distribution, endemism and threat status of freshwater fishes in the Western Ghats of India, Journal of Biogeography, 31(1), 123-136 (2004) @No $ @ @ Anna Mercy T.V., Raju K., Jacob T., Jacob E.Tropical indigenous ornamental fishes of the Western Ghats of India and the present status of the development of their captive breeding technology, J. Nat. Aquat. Resour. Res. Dev. Agency, 39 (2009) @No $ @ @ Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science. Biodiversity, Ecology and Socio-Economic Aspects of Gundia River Basin in the context of proposed Mega Hydro Electric Power Project (2010) @No $ @ @ Dahanukar N., Paingankar M., Raut R.N., Kharat S.S.Fish fauna of Indrayani River, northern Western Ghats, India, Journal of Threatened Taxa, 4(1), 2310–2317 (2012) @No $ @ @ Jayaram K.C., The freshwater fishes of the Indian regionDelhi: Narendra Publishing house (1999) @No $ @ @ Jayaram K.C., The Freshwater Fishes of The Indian Region, Second Edition. Narendra Publishing House, Delhi, 616 (2010) @No $ @ @ Jhingran A.,  Fish and fisheries of India (3rded.) Delhi: Hindustan (1991) @No $ @ @ Talwar P.K., Jhingran, A., Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries, New Delhi, Oxford and IBH (1991) @No $ @ @ Pusey B.J., Arthington A.J., Read M.G. et al, Spatial temporal variation in fish assemblage structure in the Mary River, southeastern Queensland: The influence of Habitat structure. Env. Bio.of Fishes, 37, 355-380. Doi: 10.1007/BF00005204 (1993) @No $ @ @ Mohite S.A.1 and Samant J.S.Impact of Environmental Change on Fish and Fisheries in Warna River Basin, Western Ghats, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci.,2(6),61-70 (2013) @No $ @ @ Johnson J.A., Arunachalam M.Diversity, distribution and assemblage structure of fishes in streams of southern Western Ghats, India, Journal of Threatened Taxa, 1(10), 507-513 (2009) @No $ @ @ Wakid A. and Biswas S.P., Status and fish diversity of fish fauna in Dibru-Saikhowa National Park, Assam, Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 102(1), 50-55 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bhat A., Diversity and composition of fresh water fishes in the Central Western Ghats, India, Environ Biol Fish,68, 25-38 (2003) @No $ @ @ IUCN, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. www.iucnredlist.org&#x-3.3;墆. Downloaded on 18 January 2012 (2011) @No $ @ @ Raghavan R.G., Prasad P.H., Anvar-Ali, Pereira B. Exotic fish species in a global biodiversity hotspot: observations from river Chalakudy, part of Western Ghats, Kerala, India, Biological Invasions, 10(1), 37-40 (2008) @No $ @ @ Kharat S.S., Dahanukar N., Raut R., Mahabaleshwarkar M., Long term changes in freshwater fish species composition in north Western Ghats, Pune District, Current Science, 84(6), 816-820 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kumar Naik A.S et al, Studies on Ichthyofaunal Diversity of Karanja Reservoir, Karnataka, India, Int. Res. J. Environment Sci., 2(2), 38-43 (2013) @No $ @ @ Daniels R.J.R. Introduced fishes: a potential threat to the native freshwater fishes of peninsular India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 103(2-3), 346-348 (2006) @No $ @ @ Knight J.D.M. Invasive ornamental fish: a potential threat to aquatic biodiversity in peninsular India, Journal of Threatened Taxa, 2(2), 700-704 (2010) @No $ @ @ Jadhav B.V., Kharat S.S., Raut R.N., Paingankar M., Dahanukar N. Freshwater fish fauna of Koyna River, northern Western Ghats, India, Journal of Threatened Taxa, 3(1), 1449-1455 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bhalerao S.N., Study of Fish Diversity and Water Quality at KasarSai Dam, Hinjewadi, Pune, MS, India, ISCAJ. Biological Sci.,1(4), 51-55 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tamboli R.K. and Jha Y.N., Status of Cat Fish Diversity of River Kelo and Mand in Raigarh District, CG, India, ISCAJ. Biological Sci., 1(1), 71-73 (2012) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary Preeti, Assessment of Fish Culture in SomeFresh Water Ponds of Dhar Town, MP, India, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 73-76 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Wild Edible Plant Resources of the Lohba Range of Kedarnath Forest Division (KFD), Garhwal Himalaya, India<#LINE#>Radha@Ballabha,RawatDinesh@Singh,J.K.@Tiwari,@TiwariP.,A.@Gairola<#LINE#>65-73<#LINE#>11.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-175.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Botany and Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal-246 174, Uttarakhand, INDIA<#LINE#>20/7/2013<#LINE#>4/8/2013<#LINE#>The present study was carried out in the Lohba range of the Kedarnath Forest Division, Garhwal Himalaya to document the diversity, indigenous uses and availability status of wild edible plants. The inhabitants of the region are dependent up to a large extent on wild resources for their food and other daily needs. The region is rich in wild edible plant resources. A total of 82 species belonging to 62 genera and 46 families were documented from the study area. Out of the recorded species 24 were herbs, 23 shrubs, 28 trees and the rest 7 were climbers. Among the documented plants, 15 were abundant, 46 common and 21 uncommon to this area. Plant parts such as leaves, shoots, young twigs, roots, rhizomes, tubers, flowers, fruits, seeds, etc. are used for food by the local people. The study will be helpful in developing a comprehensive data base on wild plant resources, strengthening the food security in area and in conserving the traditional knowledge for the prosperity of the remote areas.  <#LINE#> @ @ Khyade M.S., Kolhe S.R. and Deshmukh B.S., Wild Edible Plants Used By the Tribes of Akole Tahasil of Ahmednagar District (Ms), India, Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 13, 1328-1336 (2009) @No $ @ @ Tiwari J.K., Ballabha R. and Tiwari P., Some Promising Wild Edible Plants of Srinagar and its Adjacent Area in Alaknanda Valley of Garhwal Himalaya, India, Journal of American Science, 6(4),167-174 (2010a) @No $ @ @ Prescott-Allen O.C. and Prescott-Allen R., How many plants feed the world?, Conservation Biology, , 365-374 (1990) @No $ @ @ Scherrer A.M., Motti R. and Weckerle C.S., Traditional plant use in the areas of Monte Vesole and Ascea, Cilento National Park (Campania, Southern Italy), J. Ethnopharmacol., 97, 129-143 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bussmann R.W., Gilbreath G.G., Solio J., Lutura M., Lutuluo R., Kunguru K., Wood N. and Mathenge S. G., Plant use of the Maasai of Sekenani Valley, Maasai Mara, Kenya, J. Ethno. & Ethnomed., , 22 (2006) @No $ @ @ Kunwar R.M., Nepal B.K. and Kshhetri H.B., Rai S.K. and Bussmann R.W., Ethnomedicine in Himalaya: a case study from Dolpa, Humla, Jumla and Mustang districts of Nepal, J. Ethno. & Ethnomed., , 27 (2006) @No $ @ @ Cavender A., Folk medicinal uses of plant foods in southern Appalchia, United States, J. Ethnopharmacol., 108, 74-84 (2006) @No $ @ @ Pieroni A., Houlihan L., Ansari N., Hussain B. and Aslam S., Medicinal perceptions of vegetables traditionally consumed by south- Asian migrants living in Bradford, Northern England, J. Ethnopharmacol., 113, 100-110 (2007) @No $ @ @ Nordeide M.B., Hatloy A., Folling M., Lied E. and Oshoug A., Nutrient composition and nutritional importance of green leaves and wild foods in an agricultural district, Koutiala, in Southern Mali, Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 47(6), 455-468 (1996) @No $ @ @ Sundriyal M. and Sundriyal R.C., Wild edible plants of the Sikkim Himalaya: Nutritive values of selected species, Economic Botany, 55, 377-390 (2001) @No $ @ @ Orech F.O., Aagaard-Hansen J. and Friis H., Ethnoecology of traditional leafy vegetables of the Luo people of Bondo district, western Kenya, Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 58(7), 522-530 (2007) @No $ @ @ Tiwari J.K., Radha Ballabha and Tiwari P., Ethnopaediatrics in Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India (Psychomedicine and Medicine), New York Science Journal3(4), 123-126 (2010b) @No $ @ @ Gaur R.D., Wild edible fruits of Garhwal Hills, J. Himalayan Studies and Regional Development, , 66-70 (1977) @No $ @ @ Gaur R.D. and Semwal J.K., Some little known wild edibles of Garhwal Himalaya, Man & Environment, ,161-165 (1983) @No $ @ @ Negi K.S., Some little known wild edible plants of U.P. hills, J. Econ. Tax. Bot., 12, 345-360 (1988) @No $ @ @ Negi K.S. and Gaur R.D., Little endemic wild edibles Allium spp. of U.P. Hills, Mountain Research & Development, 11, 162-164 (1991) @No $ @ @ Negi K.S. and Gaur R.D., Principal wild food plants of western Himalaya. U.P. India. In BK Gupta (ed.) Higher Plants of Indian Subcontinent, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Dehradun, U.P., India, Vol III, 1-78 (1994) @No $ @ @ Samant S.S. and Dhar U., Diversity, endemism and economic potential of wild edible plants of Indian Himalaya, International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, , 179-191 (1997) @No $ @ @ Maikhuri R.K., Nautiyal S., Rao K.S. and Semwal R.L., Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants and wild edibles among three tribal sub communities of the central Himalayas, India, Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, , 7-13 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kala C.P., Prioritization of cultivated and wild edibles by local people in the Uttaranchal hills of Indian Himalaya, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, , 239-243 (2007) @No $ @ @ Dhyani D., Maikhuri R.K., Rao K.S., Kumar L., Purohit V.K., Sundriyal M. and Saxena K.G., Basic nutritional attributes of Hippophae rhamnoides (sea buckthorn) populations from Uttarakhand Himalaya, India, Current Science, 92,1148-1152 (2007) @No $ @ @ Duthie J.F., Catalogue of plants of Kumaon and of the adjacent portions of Garhwal and Tibet based on the collections made by Strachey and Winterbottom during the years 1846-1849, London, Reprint 1994, Bishan Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, (1906) @No $ @ @ Osmaston A.E., A Forest Flora for Kumaun. Government Press, Allahabad, Reprint 1990, Bishan Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, (1927) @No $ @ @ Naithani B.D., Flora of Chamoli, Botanical Survey of India, Howrah, (1984-85)  @No $ @ @ Gaur R.D., Flora of the District Garhwal, North West Himalaya (with Ethnobotanical Notes), Transmedia: Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India, (1999) @No $ @ @ Tiwari J.K., Radha Ballabha and Tiwari P., Diversity and Present Status of Medicinal Plants in and around Srinagar Hydroelectric Power Project in Garhwal Himalaya, India: Needs for Conservation, Researcher, 2(2), 50-60 (2010c) @No
<#LINE#>Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay of the Ethanolic Extracts of Three Selected Species of Medicinal Plants from Iligan City, Philippines<#LINE#>Lilybeth@F.OlowaNuneza@OlgaM.<#LINE#>74-77<#LINE#>12.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-177.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Biological Sci, College of Sci. and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, PHILIPPINES<#LINE#>21/7/2013<#LINE#>2/8/2013<#LINE#>The present study was conducted to test for in vivo Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) of the ethanolic extracts of Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata, and Euphorbia hirta and correlate cytotoxicity results with known pharmacological activities of the plants. Novel cytotoxic, antitumor, and pesticidal compounds can be isolated from potential plant sources through the assessment of cytotoxic activity against brine shrimps. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of LC50 (lethality concentration). Ten nauplii were added into three replicates of each concentration of the plant extract. After 24 hours the surviving brine shrimp larvae were counted and LC50 was assessed. Results showed that the extracts of L. camara, C. odorata, and E. hirta were potent against the brine shrimp with LC50 values of 55, 10, and 100 ppm (g/mL), respectively. It indicated that bioactive components are present in these plants that could be accounted for its pharmacological effects. Thus, the results support the uses of these plant species in traditional medicine. <#LINE#> @ @ Okigbo R.N. and Ramesh P., Effects of plants and medicinal plant combinations as anti-infectives, African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2(7), 130-135 (2008) @No $ @ @ Nwachukwu C.U., Ume N.C., Obusi M.N., Nzewuihe G.U. and Onyirioha C.U., The qualitative uses of some medicinal plants in Ikeduru L.G.A. of Imo State, Nigeria, New York Science Journal, 3(11), 129-134 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sasidharan S., Badakhshan M.P., Rameshwar N.J. and Ramanathan S., Comparative study: antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of Lantana camara various parts, Pharmacogn Res, , 348-351 (2009) @No $ @ @ Sankaran K.V., Lantana camara, Asia-Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network (APFISN), India (2012) @No $ @ @ Chakraborty A.K., Rambhade S. and Patil U.K., Chromolaena odorata (L.): An overview, Journal of Pharmacy Research, 4(3), 573-576 (2011) @No $ @ @ Stuart G. and Santiago A.S., List of Philippine herbal medicinal plants, www.stuartxchange.org (2012) @No $ @ @ Konan N.A., Bacchi E.M., Lincopan N., Varela S.D. and Varanda E.A., Acute, sub acute toxicity and genotoxic effect of a hydroethanolic extract of the cashew Anacardium occidentale L.), J Ethnopharmacol, 110, 30–38 (2007) @No $ @ @ Pisutthanan S., Plianbangchang P., Pisutthanan N, Ruanruay S, and Muanrit O., Brine shrimp lethality activity of Thai medicinal plants in the family Meliaceae, Naresuan University Journal, 12(2), 13-18 (2004) @No $ @ @ Meyer B.N., Ferrigni N.R., Putnam J.E., Jacobsen L.B., Nichols D.E., and McLaughlin J.L., Brine shrimp: A convenient general bioassay for active plant constituents, Plant Med, 45, 31-34 (1982) @No $ @ @ McLaughlin J.L., Chang C.J., and Smith D.L., Benchtop bioassays the discovery of bioactive natural products: an update, Nat Prod Chem, 383-397 (1991) @No $ @ @ Sam T.W., Toxicity testing using the brine shrimp Artemia salina in: Bioactive natural products detection, isolation, and structural determination, CRC Press, Boca Raton: FL., 442-456 (1993) @No $ @ @ Ramachandran S., Vamsikrishna M., Gowthami K.V., Heera B., and Dhanaraju M.D., Assessment of cytotoxic activity of Agave cantula using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality bioassay, Asian Journal of Scientific Research, , 90-94 (2010) @No $ @ @ Mclaughlin J.L., and Rogers L.L., The use of biological assays to evaluate botanicals, Drug Information Journal, 32, 513–524 (1998) @No $ @ @ Gupta M.P., Monge A., Karitas G., Lopez de Cerain A., Solis P.N., Leon E., de Trujillo M.,  Surez O., Wilson F., Montenegro G., Noriega Y., Santana A.I., Correa M., and Sanchez C., Screening of Panamanian medicinal plants for brine shrimp toxicity, crown gall tumor inhibition, cytotoxicity and DNA interaction, Int. J. Pharmacol, 34, 123-127 (1996) @No $ @ @ Vital P.G. and Rivera W.L., Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of Chromolaena odorata (L. f) King and Robinson and Uncaria perrottetii (A. Rich) Merr. Extracts, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3(7), 511-518 (2009) @No $ @ @ Fatope M.O.,  Salihu L., Asante S.K., and Takeda Y., Larvicidal activity of extracts and triterpenoids from Lantana camara, Pharmaceutical Biology, 40(8), 564-567 (2002) @No $ @ @ Zani C.L., Alves T.A., Silva A.F., Brandão M., Grandi T.M., Smânia E.A., and Smânia A. Jr., Biological screening of Brazilian medicinal plants, Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz: Rio de Janeiro, 95(3), 367-373 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mahato S.B., Sahu N.P., Roy S.K., and Sharma O.P., Potential antitumor agents from Lantana camara: structures of flavonois and phenylpropanois glycosides, Tetrahedron, 50, 9439-9446 (1994) @No $ @ @ Ross S.A., El-Keltawi N.E., and Megalla S.E., Antimicrobial activity of some Egyptian aromatic plants, Fitoterapia51, 201-205 (1980) @No $ @ @ Medeiros L.B.P., Rock M.S., Lima S.G., de Sousa Júnior G.R., das G. L. Citó A.M., da Silva D, Lopes J.A.D., Moura D.J., SAFFI J., Mobin M., and Coast J.G.M., Chemical constituents and evaluation of antifungal and cytotoxic activity of Lantana camara L. essential oils, Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, 22, 1259-1267 (2012) @No $ @ @ Dibua U.E., Odo G.E., Udengwu S., and Esimone C., Cytotoxicity and antitubercular activity of Allium sativumand Lantana camara against mycobacterial isolates from people living with HIV/AIDS, The Internet Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8(1), 1-12 (2010) @No $ @ @ Knekt P., Jarvinen R., and Reunanen A., Flavonoid intake and coronary mortality in Finland: a cohort study, Biomed. , 312, 478-481 (1996) @No $ @ @ Hertog M.G.L., Feskens E.J.M. and Holman D.C.H., Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease, The Zutphen Ederly Study, Lancet, 342, 1007-1011 (1993) @No $ @ @ Patil S.B. and Magdum C.S., Determination of LC50 Values of Extracts of Euphorbia hirta Linn and Euphorbia nerifolia Linn Using Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay, Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci., 1(3),  69-70 (2011) @No $ @ @ Patil S.B. and Magdum C.S., Brine shrimp lethality activity of Euphorbia hirta Linn,  International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(3), 347-348 (2012) @No $ @ @ Amutha S., Rajeh M.B., Zuraini Z., Sasidharan S., and Latha L.Y., Assessment of Euphorbia hirta L. leaf, flower, stem and root extracts for their antibacterial and antifungal activity and brine shrimp lethality, Molecules, 6008-6018 (2010) @No
<#LINE#>Isolation of lytic bacteriophage against Ralstonia solanacearum causing wilting symptoms in ginger (Zingiber officinale) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants<#LINE#>K.@MakariHanumanthappa,M.@Palaniswamy,J.@Angayarkanni<#LINE#>78-84<#LINE#>13.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-249.pdf<#LINE#>Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of Biotechnology, IDSG Government College, Chikmagalur-577102, Karnataka, INDIA @ Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Karpagam University, Coimbatore-641021, Tamil Nadu, INDIA @ Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>7/10/2013<#LINE#>21/10/2013<#LINE#>This research work is aimed to find lytic activity of bacteriophage against phytopathogenic bacteria. Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil inhabiting bacterium colonizes in roots and tubers in various plants results in wilting in many vegetable crops especially in solanaceous plants. Ralstonia solanacearum invades in roots, stem and xylem vessels within the host and extensively multiplies in potato and ginger crops leads to economical losses. The bacteria were isolated from infected potato and ginger tubers. The isolates were characterized by TTC media and PCR based detection with Ralstonia solanacearum specific primers (F: 5’-GTCGCCGTCAACTCACTTTCC-3’, R: 5’-GTCGCCGTCAGCAATGCGGAATCG-3’). Use of bacteriophages for the control of plant bacterial diseases is fast expanding methodology over chemical aided control of bacteria. Therefore, we made attempt to isolate a lytic bacteriophage against Ralstonia solanacearum.  The efficacy of phages as antimicrobial agents for specific bacteria is a relavant technology to overcome bacterial diseases without affecting the beneficial micro-flora of the soil. We could able to demonstrate the viable bacteriophages acts as omnilytics against specific bacteria. Bacteriophage HMPM-2012 was isolated against the phytopathogenic Ralstonia bacteria by soft agar diffusion method. In vitro confirmation of bacteriophage activity and electron microscopic studies were done. We are proposing phages as effective biocontrol agents in plant protection <#LINE#> @ @ Elphinstone J.G., The current bacterial wilt situation: A global overview, Bacterial Wilt: The Disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex, C. Allen, P. Prior, and A. C. Hayward, eds. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, M N. 9-28 (2005) @No $ @ @ Hayward A.C., Biology and epidemiology of bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol, 29, 67-87 (1991) @No $ @ @ Yabuuchi E. Kosako., Y Yano., I Hotta H., and Nishiuchi Y., Transfer of two Burkholderia and an Alcaligenes species to Ralstonia gen. nov.: Proposal of Ralstonia pickettii (Ralston, Palleroni and Douderoff (1973)  comb. nov., Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith 1896) comb. nov. and Ralstonia eutropha Davis (1969)comb. nov. Microbiology and Immunology, 39, 897-904 (1995) @No $ @ @ Paret M.L., A.S. deSilva, R.A. Criley., and A.M. Alvarez., Ralstonia solanacearum race 4: Risk assessment for edible ginger and oricultural ginger industries in Hawaii, Hort Technology, 18, 90–96 (2008) @No $ @ @ Agrios G N., Plant Pathology, 4th Edition,  Academic Press, San Diego, CA (1997) @No $ @ @ Denny T.P., Plant pathogenic Ralstonia species. Plant-associated bacteria, S.S. Gnanamanickam., ed. Springer Publishing, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 573-644 (2006) @No $ @ @ Hernández Romano J., Ramírez Rojas S. and Ydrac Morales C.J., First report of Ralstonia solanacearumcausing tomato bacterial wilt in Mexico, New Disease Reports 26, 22 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hayward A.C., Ralstonia solanacearum. In: Encyclopedia of Microbiology, J.  Lederberg, ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA (2000) @No $ @ @ Makari Hanumanthappa K., Palaniswamy M., Angayarkanni J., and Muthuraju R., Prospectus of Bacteriophages as potent antimicrobial agents against phytopathogenic bacteria. Botany Research International, 5 (2), 24-32 (2012) @No $ @ @ Muller I., M  Kube., R Reinhardt., W Jelkmann., K  Geider., Complete genome sequences of three Erwinia amylovora phages isolated in North America and a bacteriophage induced from an Erwinia tasmaniensiss train, Journal of Bacteriology, 193(3), 795–796 (2011) @No $ @ @ Akiko Fujiwara, Mariko Fujisawa., Ryosuke Hamasaki, Takeru Kawasaki., Makoto Fujie., and Takashi Yamada, Biocontrol of Ralstonia solanacearum by treatment with lytic bacteriophages, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(12), 4155–4162 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kumar  and   M Anandaraj., Method for isolation of soil DNA and PCR based detection of ginger wilt pathogen, Ralstonia solanacearum, Indian Phytopath, 59(2), 154-160 (2006) @No $ @ @ Spencer D. Heringa., Jin Kyung Kim., Xiuping Jiang., M. P. Doyle., M. C. Erickson., Use of a mixture of bacterio phages for biological control of Salmonella enterica strains in compost.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1,5327–5332 (2010) @No $ @ @ Hardian S. Addy, Ahmed Askora, Takeru Kawasaki, Makoto Fujie, and Takashi Yamada. Utilization of Filamentous Phage RSM3 to Control Bacterial Wilt Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Plant Disease, 96 (8), 1204-1209, (2012) @No $ @ @ Addy H.S., Askora A., Kawasaki T., Fujie M. and Yamada T., Loss of virulence of the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum through infection by RSM filamentous phages, Phytopathology, 102(5), 469-477 (2012) @No $ @ @ Murugaiyan S., Bae J.Y., Wu J., Lee S.D., Um H.Y., Choi H.K., Chung E., Lee J.H. and Lee S.W., Characterization of filamentous bacteriophage PE226 infecting Ralstonia solanacearum strains, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 110(1), 296-303 (2011) @No $ @ @ Dinesh Singh, Shweta Sinha, Yadav D.K. Sharma J.P. Srivastava D.K., Lal H.C., Mondal K.K. and Ritesh Kumar Jaiswal, Characterization of biovar/ races of Ralstonia solanacearum, the incident of bacterial wilt in solanaceous crops, Indian Phytopath., 63(3), 261-265 (2010) @No $ @ @ Schaad N.W., Jones. J.B. and Chun W., Laboratory guide for identification of plant pathogenic bacteria. APS Press, 154-174 (2001) @No $ @ @ Wullings B.A., Van Beuningen A.R., Janse J.D. and Akkermans A.D.L., Detection of Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes brown rot of potato, by fluorescent In situhybridization with 23S rRNA-targeted probes, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 64(11), 4546-4554 (1998) @No $ @ @ Sambrook J., Fritsch E.F. and Maniatis T., Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1989) @No $ @ @ Opina N., Tavner F., Holloway G., Wang J.F., Li T.H., Maghirang R., Fegan M., Hayward A.C., Krishnapillai V., Hong W.F., Holloway B.W. and Timmis J.N., A novel method for development of species and strain-specific DNA probes and PCR primers for identifying Burkholderia solanacearum (formerly Pseudomonas solanacearum). As. Pac. J. Mol. Biol. Biotechnol. , 19-33 (1997) @No $ @ @ Smith H.W., Huggins M.B., Successful treatment of experimental E. Coli infections in mice using phage; its superiority over antibiotics, J Gen Microbiol, 128, 307-18 (1982) @No $ @ @ Biswas B., Adhya S., Washart P., Paul B., Trostel AN., Powell B., Carlton R., Merril C R. Bacteriophage therapy rescues mice bacteremic from a clinical isolate of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, Infect Immun, 70, 204-10 (2002) @No $ @ @ waiting in the shelf, Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 54, 90-95 (2011) @No $ @ @ Takashi Yamada., Takeru Kawasaki., Shoko Nagata., Akiko Fujiwara., Shoji Usami. and Makoto Fujie., New bacteriophages that infect the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, Microbiology 153, 2630–2639 (2007) @No $ @ @ A. Kumar., and Y.R. Sarma., Characterization of Ralstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt in ginger. Indian Phytopath. 57 (1), 12-17 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ito S., Ushijima Y., Fujii T., Tanaka S., Kameya- Iwaki M., Yoshiwara S. and Kishi F.,  Detection of viable cells of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil using a semi-selective medium and a PCR technique, J. Phytopathol., 146, 379-384 (1998) @No $ @ @ Buchen Osmond, C. Inoviridae., In ICTVdB – The Universal Virus Database, version 3. Oracle, AZ: ICTVdB Management, The Earth Institute, Biosphere 2 Center, Columbia University (2003) @No $ @ @ Seed K.D. and Dennis J.J., Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 251, 273–280 (2005) @No 
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Assessment of Terrestrial Arthropods Diversity in Kallar Horticultural Farm, Mettupalayam, Western Ghats, South India<#LINE#>M.@Elanchezhian,C.@Gunasekaran,AgnesDeepa@A.,P.@Mohana<#LINE#>85-87<#LINE#>14.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-160.pdf<#LINE#> Conservation Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu- 641 046, INDIA<#LINE#>8/7/2013<#LINE#>22/7/2013<#LINE#>Two third of the world occupied the special creation of organism is called invertebrates. Arthropods, the most diverse component of terrestrial ecosystems functioning and play a major roles for decomposition, soil fertility, plant nutrient and productivity in variety of functions. These are a one of the most powerful biological indicators and pollinators. Biological diversity is used to refer the (taxonomic, numerical, genetic, etc.) for the variety of organisms living in a particular place. Terrestrial arthropods are by far the most diverse groups of animals and important to contribute in soil.  Assessing the terrestrial arthropods diversity is not readily available for many of those responsible for general assessments of biodiversity. This is the main general guidelines for planning the arthropod biodiversity study. The main objective of the study is to assessment of the terrestrial arthropods diversity and conservation of biodiversity pedestal on the vegetations.  The present work is focused to notorious terrestrial arthropods diversity in six different sites based on the vegetations Grassland (plot-a), Mixed Plantation (plot-b), Mangoosten plantation (plot-c), Gooseberry plantations (plot-d), Nursery Bed’s (plot-e) and Natural Forest (plot-f) at Kallar Horticultural farm, in Mettupalayam, The Western Ghats.  The research is conducted during the period of November 2009 to April 2010. The arthropods were collected by the methods of Pitfall traps, Sticky traps and direct collection. The statistical findings were done by Shannon wiener diversity index (H) widely used for popular diversity indices. Totally the nine orders of diversity and richness were recorded. Diversity and abundance of terrestrial arthropods shows much difference between the natural and the plantation types to high productivity.  <#LINE#> @ @ Cardoso P.G., Erwin T.L., Borges P.A.V. and New T.R.,The seven impediments in invertebrate conservation and how to overcome them, Biological Conservation, (144), 2647-2655 (2011) @No $ @ Hobbs R.J., Can revegetation assist in the conservation of biodiversity in agricultural areas Pacific, Conservation Biology, (1), 29–38 (1993) @No $ @ @ Jackson L.L., Lopoukhine N. and Hillyard D., Ecological restoration: a definition and comments, Restoration Ecology, (3), 71–75 (1995) @No $ @ @ Mensing D.M., Galatowitsch S.M. and Tester J.R., Anthropogenic effects on the biodiversity of riparian wetlands of a northern temperate landscape, J. Environ. Manage, (53) 349-377 (1998) @No $ @ @  Hermy M. and Cornelis J., Towards a monitoring method and a number of multifaceted and hierarchical biodiversity indicators for urban and suburban parks, Landscape urban Plan, (49), 149-162 (2000) @No $ @ @ Turner K., Lefter L. and Freeman B., Plant communities of selected urbanized areas of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Landscape Urban Plan, (71) 191-206 (2005) @No $ @ @ Li Y., Zhang J.H. and Lobb D.A., Tillage translocation and tillage erosion process and their implications for agroecosystems, Journal of Mountain Science, (18) 514-519 (2000) @No $ @ @ Doring T.F., Hiller A., Wehke S., Schulte G. and Broll G.,Biotic indicators of carabid species richness on organically and conventionally managed arable fields, Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, (98), 133-139 (2003)@No 
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Unani description of Tukhme Karafs (Seed of Apium graveolens Linn) and its Scientific reports<#LINE#>Hussain@I.MohammedTabarak,Ahmed@Ghufran,@NasreenJahan,Adiba@Mehar<#LINE#>88-93<#LINE#>15.ISCA-IRJBS-2013-136.pdf<#LINE#>Dept of Ilmul Advia, HMS Unani Medical College Tumkur, Karnataka, INDIA @ Dept of Ilmul Advia, AKTC, Aligarh, UP, INDIA @ Dept of Ilmul Advia, NIUM, Bangalore, INDIA <#LINE#>8/6/2013<#LINE#>19/7/2013<#LINE#>Apium graveolens Linn commonly known as salad and Karafs in Unani literature, belongs to the family Apiaceae. Karafs is used in many diseases and is considered asone of the best diuretic and lithotriptic according to Unani literature.<#LINE#> @ @ United States department of agriculture, www.plants.usda.gov/java/profile(2013) @No $ @ @ Kirtikar K.R. and Basu B.D., Indian Medicinal Plants with Illustrations, l5, 1668-1670 (2003) @No $ @ @ Hussain M. Makhzan al Advia (Persian), Munshi Naval Kishore Press, Lucknow, 738, (1844) @No $ @ @ Al Bairuni A.R. Kitab al Sayadanah Fi al Tibb. Translated by Said H.M. Hamdard National Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan, 227 (1973) @No $ @ @ Aviccena, Kitab al Qanoon fi al Tibb (Arabic). Munshi Naval Kishore Press, Lucknow, l2, 98-99 (1906) @No $ @ @ Baitar AK. Jami al Mufradat al Advia wal Aghzia (Arabic). Azharia Press, Egypt, , 53-56 (1875) @No $ @ @ Dioscorides. Kitab al Hashaish. Manuscripts photographs, Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College library, Aligarh Muslim University, 230-233 (compiled in 1st century AD, translated in Arabic in 8th century AD by Hunain bin ishaq) @No $ @ @ Azam M.K., Moheete Azam (Persian). Nizamia Press, Lucknow, 127 (1885) @No $ @ @ Ghani N, Khazainatul Advia. Munshi Naval Kishore Press, Lucknow 410 (1913) @No $ @ @ Dymock W, Warden CT, Hooper D. PharmacographiaIndica. Reprinted by The Institute of Health and Tibbi Research, Hamdard National Foundation, Karachi, Pakistan, 2, 122-123 (1972) @No $ @ @  Anonymous, The Unani Pharmacopeia of India. Central council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi, , 93-94 (2007) @No $ @ @ Anonymous, The Wealth of India. National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resource, CSIR, New Delhi, , 320, 325 (2003) @No $ @ @ John Lindley, Flora Medica, Ajay Book Services, Delhi, 35 (1981) @No $ @ @ Khorey R.N. and Katrak N.N., Materia Medica of India and their Therapeutics. Neeraj Publishing House, Delhi, 281 (1981) @No $ @ @ www.fda.gov/ICECI/ComplianceManuals/CompliancePolicyGuidanceManual/ucm07446(2013) @No $ @ @ Anonymous. Standardisation of of single druge of Unani medicine. Central council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi, , 302-307 (1997) @No $ @ @ Huo-Ping-Pan, Kennedy D.W. Detrmination of fatty acid constituents of Celery seeds by Gas-Liquid Chromatography, Proc, Florida State, Horticulture, S.O.I. 73-219-23 (1960) @No $ @ @  Muttan MC, Rai, CO.1954, J Indian Inst Sci 36A, 117-121, Quoted in Gupta R, Baslas RK. Indian Perfum, 21, 158-160 (1977) @No $ @ @ Bhatnagar J.K., Handa S.S., Thin Layer Chromatography studies of volatile oils from common umbelliferous fruits during growth. Res Bull (N.S.) Panjab Univ, 19, 331- 334(1968) @No $ @ @ Rao JML, Nagalakshmi S, Naik JP, Shankaracharyan B. Studies on chemical and technological aspects of celery Apium graveolens. Linn) seed, Journal offood science and technology, 37, 631-635 (2000) @No $ @ @ Tandon N, Gupta A.K., Reviews in Indian medicinal plants, ICMR, 12,  418-428 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ozbek H, Ozturk M, Ozturk A, Ceylan E, Yener Z. Determination of lethal doses of volatile and fixed oils of several plants, Eastern journalof medicine, ,4-6 (2004) @No $ @ @ Kohli RP, Dua PR, Shanker K, Saxena RC. Some central effects of an essential oil of Apium graveolens Linn, Indian J Med Res, 55, 1099-1102 (1967) @No $ @ @ Kulshrestha VK, Singh N, Saxena RC, Kohli RP. A study of central pharmacological activity of alkaloid fraction of Apium graveolens Linn, Indian J MedRes, 58, 99-102 (1970) @No $ @ @ Leonard F, Bjeldanes, Sukkim IN. 2009. Sedative activity of Celery oil constituents, Journal of Food science Technology, 43, 143-144 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kokate DK, Verma KC. Antihelmithic activity of some essential oils, Indian j Hosp Pharma, , 150-151 (1971) @No $ @ @ Kar A, Jain SR. Investigations on the antibacterial activity of some Indian indigenous aromatic plants, Flav Ind, 2,111-114 (1971) @No $ @ @ Chaurasia SC, Pathak RK, Dixit VK. Antibacterial activity of essential oil of Apium graveolens Linn, Indian Drugs Pharmaceut Ind, 13, 32 (1978) @No $ @ @  Goutam MP, Purohit RM.. In vitro antimicrobial activity of oils from Indian medicinal plants, J res Indian Med Yoga Hommoeop, 13, 117-119 (1978) @No $ @ @ Kareem, Amna, Bhatty MK. Investigations on the Antibacterial activity of some Indian indigenous aromatic plants, Flav Ind, , 111-113 (1971) @No $ @ @ Jain SR, Jain MR. Effect of some common essential oils on pathogenic fungi. Planta Med, 24, 127, 132 (1973) @No $ @ @ Kher A, Chaurasi SC. Antifungal activity of essential oils of three medicinal plants. Indian Drug, 15, 41-42 (1977) @No $ @ @ Momin R. Antioxidant, cyclooxygenase and topoisomerase inhibitory compounds of Apium graveolens Linn seeds, Phytomedicine, 9, 312-318 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ramezani M. Anti-nociceptive and Anti-inflammatory effects of isolated fractions from Apium graveolens Linn seeds in mice. Pharmaceutical Biology, l47, 740-743 (2009) @No $ @ @ Ahmed B, Alam T, Varshney M, Khan SA. Hepatoprotective activity of two plants belonging to the Apiaceae and the Euphorbiaceae family, Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A, Ecological Genetics and Physiology, 307(A), 199 – 206 (2001) @No $ @ @ Taher M, Ghannadi A, Karmiyan R. Effects of volatile oil extracts of Anethum graveolens L. and Apium graveolens L. seeds on activity of liver enzymes in rat, The Journal of Qazvin Univ of Med Sci, 11(2), 8-12 (2007) @No $ @ @ Alaaeldin A, Hamza Amir Amin, Protective role of A. graveolens extract against experimental VPA-induced toxicity. J. Exp. Zool, 307(A),  199-206 (2007) @No