Abstract
The external factors play a key role in bringing about physiological changes in trees there by affecting the cambial activityand �Tree to tree� variation in wood properties within a species and also within the plantation are large and it may be reflected through the variation in anatomical and physical properties.The present study has been designed to assess the tree to tree variation in wood properties of Melia dubia Cav grown under similar conditions but showed morphological variations in terms of growth. They are called as fast grown and slow grown for the purpose of easy understanding. The observations recordedon the anatomical properties like fibre length, fibre diameter, lumen diameter, double wall thickness vessel element length and vessel diameter were analysed and the results are presented in this paper. The fast grown timber showed higher numerical values for anatomical properties viz., fibre length, fibre diameter, fibre lumen diameter, double wall thickness of fibre when compared to slow grown timber. Interestingly the intra tree variation revealed that the outer region of wood in both types of trees had longer and wider vessels. Though variation between trees and among tree is non significant, numerically superior values are recorded in fast grown tree than slow grown tree

Abstract
The in vitro antibacterial activities of two spices cinnamon bark (Cinnamonum zeylanicum) and Ajowan fruits (Trachyspermum ammi) ethanol and acetone extracts has been evaluated against two gram negative food spoilage bacteria Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli and two gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by disc diffusion method. Ethanol extract of cinnamon and ajowan revealed an antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp., whereas acetone extract of spices exhibited highest activity against Escherichia coli. Acetone extract of cinnamon and ajowan showed no activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The results obtained in the present study suggest that the ethanol extract of cinnamonum zeylanicum and trachyspermum ammi revealed a significant scope to develop a novel broad spectrum of antibacterial herbal formulation and can be used for cooked food preservation.

Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi like Verticillium lecanii and Metarhizium anisopliae were cultured in different media to produce highest biomass of fungus. In this, the agricultural products and organic products are used for the total biomass production in Kota district. The different media used for the production of biomass are vegetables, cereals, pulses, rice washed water, boiled rice water, saw dust, fruits etc. For the production of biomass of fungi grains media, organic media and non-synthetic media have been used. The maximum biomass production of Metarhizium anisopliae was observed in yeast extract media (36.96 gm in 250 ml). The maximum biomass production of Verticillium lecanii was also observed in yeast extract media (30.82 gm in 250ml).

Abstract
The fish diversity and associated environment of 12 strategically selected intertidal stations along the extremely polluted Thane creek on the west coast of India were studied for a year and compared with past available data to investigate changes in the creek ecology due to various anthropogenic activities like industrial, domestic, and solid waste disposal along with land reclamation. Hydro-sedimentological investigations revealed enhancement of total nitrogen (TN) and organic carbon (Corg) load and hypoxic levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) over the years. Silt component of sediment was increasing, with proportionate decrease in clay due to various anthropogenic disturbances. 12 species of fish were recorded along the entire length of the creek with dominance of only 5 species that occurred throughout the year, namely Mugil cephalus, Mystus gulio, Mystus shingala, Tilapia mossambica and Scylla serrata where as the other fishes were rare in their occurrence. A comparison with the past literature for the study area revealed decline in the fish diversity. As per the energy transfer theory, it was observed that the benthos in the study area can support an average fishery yield of at least 256937.2 kg/year (i.e. 21411.433 kg/month). This however is not fully utilized because the fishes were found to feed mostly on phytoplankton and the locals also reported very poor fishery catch in the creek.

Abstract
Aromatic plants are traditionally used for seasoning and prolongation of shelf life of food. The majority of their properties are due to the essential oils produced by their secondary metabolism. Essentials oils could guarantee food safety in preserved against foods pathogenic and adulterated microorganisms. Technological application of essential oils, as natural sanitizing agents, requires the definition of optimal conditions. The aim of the present work was to evaluate some antifungal activity parameters as mycelial growth inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil against Aspergillus (flavus and tamarii), Fusarium (poae and verticillioides) and Penicillium (citrinum and griseofulvum) species isolated from traditional cheese wagashi. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves of Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae) collected in Abomey-Calavi (Atlantic, Southern Benin) was analyzed using capillary GC and GC/MS. The major compounds of the EO were thymol, γ-terpinene and p-cymene (28.1, 21.3 and 16.5% respectively). The evaluation of antifungal activity of this oil has shown a significant fungistatic activity against all species tested with a MIC ranged from 800 to 1000 mg/L due probably to the prominent concentration of thymol in this EO. The results have shown the possibility of exploiting Ocimum gratissimum essential oil in the fight against moulds species responsible for biodeterioration of stored wagashi.

Abstract
Sugar industry generate a significant large amount of waste during the manufacture of sugar and contains a high amount of production load particularly in items of suspended solids, organic matters, press-mud, bagasses and air pollution. Air pollutants from sugar mill can directly affect plants via leaves or indirectly via soil acidification. When exposed to air pollutants, most plant experience physiological changes before exhibiting visible damage to leaves. Leaf pigment content can provide valuable insight into the physiological performance of leaves. In the present study, the extraction of chlorophyll and their derivatives were studied in the five tree species such as Ficus benghalensis, Delonix regia, Ficus religiosa, Azadirachta indica and Pongamia pinnata. The study area was polluted with organic pollutants which results in reduced pigment levels in the leaves. The pheophytin a and b were formed greater than hundred percent in Delonix regia Azadirachta indica and Pongamia pinnata. For Ficus benghalensis, pheophytin a was found to be 27.17% and pheophytin b was more than hundred percent. In Ficus religiosa, pheophytin a was formed by 41.09% where as pheophytin b was produced less than the residential area. These results indicate that the degradation of chlorophyll was higher near sugar mill because of the emission of gases. Among the five tree species growing near sugar mill, Ficus religiosa showed minimum decomposition of chlorophyll and it was suggested to grow these species to reduce the load of pollution near sugar mills.

Abstract
In- vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanolic extract of osbeckia wynaadensis was evaluated in the present study for the first time by disc diffusion method using five bacterial strains (S. pneumonia, B.cereus, A. hydrophila , V. cholera and MRSA) and five fungal strains (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Streptomysis Greusis, M. purpureus and Aspergillus fumigate) respectively. The zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration were measured. Ampicillin (30 g/disc) and clotrimazole (20 g/disc) were used as standard for antibacterial and antifungal activity respectively. In-vitro cytotoxic activity of Osbeckia wynaadensis was evaluated against the human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa) and murine embryonic fibroblasts cell line (NIH 3T3) by MTT assay and the IC50 value found to be 220.3 g/mL and 93. 25 g/mL. It is concluded that Osbeckia wynaadensis exhibited significant antibacterial, antifungal & in-vitro cytotoxic activity.

Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of germination on the three varieties of horse gram seed storage proteins. Seeds were germinated for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 110h in a dark place. Germinated seeds were frozen at -18C for 12h to stop the germination process. Spouted seeds were freeze-dried and ground to pass through a 40 mesh sieve for analysis. Total proteins, water soluble and water insoluble proteins were estimated by standard methods. Seed storage protein profiles of three varieties germinated horse gram were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Extracted protein fractions from germinated horse gram seeds in different solvents were studied by HPLC. The highest amount of storage protein degradation was observed in all varieties after 72-80h of germination. Characterization of protein fractions by HPLC showed that albumins/globulins, prolamins and glutelins increases slightly during germination time, as germinating seeds usually accompany by interconversion and production of new compounds. Electrophoregrams for each variety were shown and the high molecular weight proteins band intensity decreases during different germination period were noted. Genetic diversity of germinated horse gram was evaluated by constructing the dendrogram for high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) gluten subunit bands. In conclusion, SDS-PAGE of germinated seed storage proteins can be economically used to assess genetic variation and relation in germplasm. The specific bands of germinated seed storage protein profiles may be used as markers for identification of the mutants/genotypes

Abstract
The Kasar Sai dam is situated near Hinjewadi, Pune. This medium sized dam is mainly constructed for irrigational purposes. It is about 20 km away from Pune city and is surrounded by hills, agricultural fields and village Kasar Sai. The present study deals with the changes in physico-chemical parameters, such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, chlorides and suspended solids. These parameters were observed and analyzed from December 2009 to October 2011 at every alternate month. Simultaneously the fish fauna along with plankton availability in the dam water was also studied. Based on the findings of the present study, the suggestions are given to increase the fish production by scientific approach.

Abstract
Nonionic surfactants such as alkylamine ethoxylates is generally added in insecticide formulation as an additive. Tallowamine ethoxylate is one of such additive used in the formulation of many insecticides. Large deposition of insecticide additives in agriculture farm results in the infertility of soil. The deteriorating health of soils and plants has therefore, drawn the attention of researchers as to how the soil fertility and associated activities of microorganisms can be protected. The present research work describes the biodegradation of tallowamine ethoxylate by Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112. Soil degradation study shows the complete degradation of compound with decrease in organic matter content and increase in number of soil microflora and CO evolution rate. The phytotoxicity indicates retarded growth and germination inhibition of treated seeds of Sorghum bicolor and Oryza sativa. Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112 degrades tallowamine ethoxylate into compounds like ethylenimine and acetamide which are nontoxic in nature.

Abstract
Microbiological studies in lobster culture rearing system at Kovalam laboratory, Chennai was carried out for a period of 150 days. The infected tissues, gills, gut and the exoskeleton of the diseased animal were subjected to various microbial analysis to study the distribution profile of luminous bacterial. The total heterotrophic bacteria in the water, sediment and animal samples were also determined. The total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 1.6 x 10 to 26.3 x 10 cfu/ml in water, 2.4 x 10-24.2 x 10 cfu/ml in sediment and 3.4 x 10 to 4.2 x 10 cfu/ml in infected animals. The Vibrio harveyi population density varied between 0.8 x 10 to 9.6 x 103 LCFU/ml in water, 1.8 x 10 to 12.5 x 10 LCFU/ml in sediment and 1.3 x 10 to 2.2 x 10 LCFU/ml in animal. The high amount of luminescent bacteria accounted to the outbreak of tail fan necrosis in Panulirus homarus when grown in artificial rearing system.

Abstract
The present study deals with climbing weeds associated with agricultural crops of district Rajouri (J&K). The study was based on extensive and intensive field surveys made during the period 2009-2011, in different months of Rabi and Kharif seasons. During the course of field study the authors have selected 4 important agricultural blocks in the district Rajouri i.e. Nowshera, Sunderbani, Kalakote and Thanamandi and 5 sites were selected in each block for the collection of climbing weeds. In this period the authors have reported a total of 22 climbing weeds belonging to 9 angiospermic families from both Rabi and Kharif crops of the selected sites. Out of 9 angiospermic families of climbing weeds the predominance was shown by family Convolvulaceae having 6 climbing weeds followed by family Fabaceae and Rubiaceae each represented by 4 climbing weeds.

Abstract
Indians have been considered as forerunners in the art of natural dyeing. Natural dyes find use in the coloring of textiles, drugs, cosmetics, etc. Owing to their nontoxic effects, they are also used for coloring various food products. Although indigenous knowledge system has been practiced over the years in the past, the use of natural dyes has diminished over generations due to lack of documentation. Also there is not much information available on databases of either dye-yielding plants or their products . The present paper is based on the extensive survey, collection of ethno-botanical information and review of relevant literature on the dye yielding resources of the Garhwal Himalaya. The study reports on 46 dye yielding plants belonging to 33 families, along with their vernacular names, habit, parts used, nature of dye and distribution. The aim of the present study has been to investigate the availability of natural dye-yielding plant species in the study area and gather information on traditional knowledge system associated with extraction and use of natural dyes by the villagers. Organic dyeing not only helps preserve the traditional art of weaving and design, but also provides employment and yields economic and ecological benefits. It also describes the preparation of dyeing stuffs, use of mordant and specific dye utilization to serve various purposes, including of new dye resources.

Abstract
The island of Jamaica is known for its rich biodiversity and its abundance of medicinal plants being used as ethno medicines. Given the high occurrence of cancer worldwide and the major source of the discovery of new lead molecules being m edicinal plants, this research undertook to investigate the anti-angiogenic properties of a chloroform extract from the Jamaican ball moss previously shown to exhibit anti-cancer properties in our lab and its dicinnamate isolates,1,3-di-O-Cinnamoyl-glycerol (D1 ) and (E)-(2-(3-(3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acryloyloxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphoniumbromide (D2) along with known chemotherapeutic drug, paclitaxel. This was investigated using a modified version of the ex vivo aortic ring sprouting assay. Results show that angiogenesis was reduced in the presence of the chloroform crude extract at 20 �g.ml and 30 �g/ml and also in the presence of D1 at 10 �g/ml and 20 �g/ml when compared to the control. The results substantiate the promising anti-cancer properties of the Jamaican ball moss and may prove useful in anti-cancer agents� drug discovery.

Abstract
Adult Eudichogaster kinneari were exposed to a safe concentration (0.6 ppm) of Dimethoate for twenty days to evaluate the effects on different stages of spermatic follicles. Chronic exposure of above insecticide severely affected the spermatogenesis causing vacuolization and liquefaction of spermatic follicles, uneven arrangement of spermatozoa around the cytophore and ultimate atrophy of spermatic follicles. Size reduction of spermatic follicles (p0.001) as well as changes in histochemical reactions were also observed.