@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Preliminary Evaluation of Variations in Anatomical Properties of Melia dubia Cav. Wood<#LINE#>C.@Swaminathan,@VijendraRaoR.,S.@Shashikala<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-JBS-2012-060.pdf<#LINE#>  Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai – 625 104, TN, INDIA@Wood Properties and Uses division, Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bengaluru – 560 003, Karnataka, INDIA<#LINE#>25/5/2012<#LINE#>11/6/2012<#LINE#>  The external factors play a key role in bringing about physiological changes in trees there by affecting the cambial activityand ‘Tree to tree’ variation in wood properties within a species and also within the plantation are large and it may be reflected through the variation in anatomical and physical properties.The present study has been designed to assess the tree to tree variation in wood properties of Melia dubia Cav grown under similar conditions but showed morphological variations in terms of growth. They are called as fast grown and slow grown for the purpose of easy understanding. The observations recordedon the anatomical properties like fibre length, fibre diameter, lumen diameter, double wall thickness vessel element length and vessel diameter were analysed and the results are presented in this paper.  The fast grown timber showed higher numerical values for anatomical properties viz., fibre length, fibre diameter, fibre lumen diameter, double wall thickness of fibre when compared to slow grown timber. Interestingly the intra tree variation revealed that the outer region of wood in both types of trees had longer and wider vessels. Though variation between trees and among tree is non significant, numerically superior values are recorded in fast grown tree than slow grown tree <#LINE#>@ @Zobel B.J. and Buijatenen J.F.P., Wood variation its causesand control. Springer-Verlag publications, 134 (1989) @No $ @ @Rajput K.S., Rao K.S. and Kim Y.S., Cambial activity and wood anatomy in Prosopis specigera affected by combined air pollutants, IAWA journal, 29(2), 209-219 (2008)@No $ @ @Rajput K.S. and Rao K.S., Cambial activity and rhythm of secondary xylem development in the twigs of neem grownin different forests in Gujarat, J. sustainable forestry, 14,115-127 (2002)@No $ @ @Rao R.V., Sujatha M., Shasikala S. and Sharma K.R.,Wood anatomical variation in hardwood trees Part II,Properties, J. Timb. Dev. Assoc. (India), 42(4), 25-38(1996)@No $ @ @Pandey P.K., Pandey Shuchi and Singh Magan, Woodanatomical variations in the genus Dillenia Linn, Ann. For.,16(2), 197-208 (2008)@No $ @ @Bhat K.M., Is fast growing teak inferior in wood quality-An appraisal from plantations of high input management,Wood News, (Jan- Mar) 17-20 (1999)@No
<#LINE#>Antibacterial Activity of Acetone and Ethanol Extracts of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) on four Food Spoilage Bacteria<#LINE#>Usha@Masih,@ShrimaliRagini,S.M.A@Naqvi<#LINE#>7-11<#LINE#>2.ISCA-JBS-2012-069.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Botany, Mata Jija Bai Govt. Girls P.G. College, Indore, MP, INDIA@Department of Microbiology, I.K. Science College Indore, MP, INDIA@Department of Botany, I. K. Science College Indore, MP, INDIA <#LINE#>16/4/2012<#LINE#>20/4/2012<#LINE#>  The in vitro antibacterial activities of two spices cinnamon bark (Cinnamonum zeylanicum) and Ajowan fruits (Trachyspermum ammi) ethanol and acetone extracts has been evaluated against two gram negative food spoilage bacteria Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli and two gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by disc diffusion method. Ethanol extract of cinnamon and ajowan revealed an antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp., whereas acetone extract of spices exhibited highest activity against Escherichia coli. Acetone extract of cinnamon and ajowan showed no activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The results obtained in the present study suggest that the ethanol extract of cinnamonum zeylanicum and trachyspermum ammi revealed a significant scope to develop a novel broad spectrum of antibacterial herbal formulation and can be used for cooked food preservation. <#LINE#>@ @Dorman H.J. and Deans S.G., Antimicrobial Agents from Plants: Antibacterial Activity of Plant Volatile Oils, J. Appl. Microbiology, 88, 308-16 (2000)@No $ @ @Arora D.S. and Kaur G.J., Antibacterial activity of some Indian medicinal plants, Journal of Natural Medicine, 61, 313-317 (2007)@No $ @ @Hara-Kudo Y., Kobayashi A., Sugita-Konishi Y. and Kondo K. Antibacterial activity of plants used in cooking for aroma and taste, J Food Protect, 67, 2820-2824 (2004)@No $ @ @Horace D.G., The safety of foods, Connecticut: AVI publishing Company (1982)@No $ @ @Ray B., Fundamentals food microbiology, New York, CRC press (1996)@No $ @ @Brull S. and Coote P. Preservative agents in foods: mode of action and microbial resistance mechanisims, Int J Food Microbiol, l50, 1-17 (1999)@No $ @ @Bauer A.W., Kirby W.M., Sherris J.C. and Turck M., Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method, American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45, 493-496 (1966)@No $ @ @Reiner R., Antibiotics: An Introduction, F Hoffmamm-La Roche and Co. Ltd.Switzerland, 21-27 (1982)@No $ @ @Burt S., Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods – A review, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94(3), 223–253 (2004)@No $ @ @Ibrahim S.A., Salameh M.M., Phetsomphou S., Yang H., and Seo C.W., Application of caffeine, 1,3,7- trimethylxanthine, to control Escherichia coli O157:H7, Food Chemistry, 99(4), 645–650 (2006)@No $ @ @Mandalari G., Bennett R.N., Bisignano G., Trombetta D., Saija A. and Faulds C.B., et al., Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids extracted from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel, a byproduct of the essential oil industry, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 103, 2056–2064 (2007)@No $ @ @Lai P.K. and Roy J., Antimicrobial and chemo preventive properties of herbs and spices, Current Medicinal Chemistry, 11, 1451-1460 (2004)@No $ @ @Zaika L.L. Spices and herbs: their antimicrobial activity and its determination, J Food Safety, 9, 97-118 (1975)@No $ @ @De M., Krishna De A., Banerjee A.B., Phytother Res., 13(7), 616 (1999)@No $ @ @http://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/spice-entry.php?Term =Ajwain (2012)@No $ @ @http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon (2012)@No
<#LINE#>Biomass Production of Entomopathogenic Fungi using various Agro Products in Kota Region, India<#LINE#>Jitendra@Mehta,Kiran@DhakerJayraj,Ambika@Kavia,Priya@Sen,@KaushalNeha,Sakshi@Datta<#LINE#>12-16<#LINE#>3.ISCA-JBS-2012-088.pdf<#LINE#>  Microbiology and Pathology Division, Vital Biotech Research Institute, University of Kota, Kota- 324009, Rajasthan, INDIA<#LINE#>8/6/2012<#LINE#>15/6/2012<#LINE#>Entomopathogenic fungi like Verticillium lecanii and Metarhizium anisopliae were cultured in different media to produce highest biomass of fungus. In this, the agricultural products and organic products are used for the total biomass production in Kota district. The different media used for the production of biomass are vegetables, cereals, pulses, rice washed water, boiled rice water, saw dust, fruits etc. For the production of biomass of fungi grains media, organic media and non-synthetic media have been used. The maximum biomass production of Metarhizium anisopliae was observed in yeast extract media (36.96 gm in 250 ml). The maximum biomass production of Verticillium lecanii was also observed in yeast extract media (30.82 gm in 250ml).<#LINE#> @ @ Burges A.D. and Hussey N.W., Microbial Control of Insect Pests and Mite, Academic Press, London, 161-167 (1998)@No $ @ @ Nadeau M.P., Dunphy G.B. and Boisvert J.L., Development of Erynia conica (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) on the cuticle of the adult black flies Simulium rostratum and Simulium decorum (Diptera: Simuliidae), Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 68, 50-58 (1996)@No $ @ @ Moore D., Higgins P.M. and Lomer C.J., The effects of simulated and nautral sunlight on the viability of conidia of Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal and interactions with termperature, Biocontrol Science Technology, 7, 87-94 (1996)@No $ @ @ Romback M.C., Production of Beauveria bassinaa Conidia in Submerged Culture, Entomophaga, 5, 45-52 (1989)@No $ @ @ Rousson S., Rainbautt M. and Lonsane B.K., Zymotics a Large Scale Fermenter Design and Evaluation, Appl.Biochem. Biotechnol., 42, 161-167 (1983)@No $ @ @ Burges A.D. and Hussey N.W., Microbial Control of Insect Pests and Mite, Academic Press, London, 161-167(1981)@No $ @ @ Samson, Entomopathogenic fungi, New Willey, New York, 123 (1988)@No $ @ @ Dangar T.E., Geetha L. and Pillai G.B., Mass production of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae in coconut water, Journal of Plantation Crop, 19, 54-69(1991)@No $ @ @ Dangar T.K., Geetha L., Jayapal S.D. and Pillai G.B.,Mass Production of the Entomopathogens Metarhizium anisopliae in Coconut Water, J. Plant. Crop, 19,  54-59(1999)@No $ @ @ Gopalakrishnan C. and Mohan S.C., A Simple and Cost Effective Invitro Method for the Mass Production of Conidia of Nomuraea rileyi, Insect Environ., 6,  52-53(2000)@No $ @ @ Nakade Dhanraj B., Antibiotic sensitivity of commonBacterial Pathogens against selected Quinolones , ISCA J.Biological Sci., 1(1), 77-79 (2012)@No $ @ @ Muthusamy P., Murugan S. and Manothi Smitha, Removal of Nickel ion from Industrial Waste Water using Maize Cob, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(2), 7-11 (2012)@No $ @ @ Srivastava K.P. and Singh Vikash Kumar, Impact of Air- Pollution on pH of soil of Saran, Bihar, India, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(4), 9 -13 (2012)@No $ @ @ Mondal Debashri and Mondal Tamal,  A Review on efficacy of Azadirachta indica A. Juss based biopesticides: An Indian perspective, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(3), 94-99(2012)@No $ @ @ Amanchi Nageswara Rao and Mohd. Masood Hussain,Ecophysiological and cytopathological impact of delfin insecticide (B. thuringiensis) to an unicellular ciliate protozoan, Euplotes patella, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(4), 64-67 (2012)@No $ @ @ Chauhan R., Chaudhary R., Singh A. and Singh P.K., Salt Tolerance of Sorghum bicolor Cultivars during Germination and Seedling Growth, Res J Recent Sci., 1(3), 1-10, (2012)@No $ @ @ Patil S.G., Chonde S.G., Jadhav A.S. and Raut P.D., Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton Communities, Kolhapur, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(2), 56-60, (2012)@No $ @ @ Uttam Kumar, Sharma Pawan Kumar and Shrivastava Surabhi, Spectrum of Insect Pest Complex of Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) at Lambapeepal Village in Kota Region, India , ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(1), 80-82 (2012)@No $ @ @ Kumar Praveen G.N. and Sumangala K. Bhat, Fungal Degradation of Azo dye- Red 3BN and Optimization of Physico-Chemical Parameters , ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(2), 17-24 (2012)@No $ @ @ Verma V., Bhardwaj A., Rathi S. and Raja R.B., A Potential Antimicrobial Agent from Cocos nucifera mesocarp extract; Development of a New Generation Antibiotic, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(2), 48-54 (2012)@No
<#LINE#>Decline of fish diversity in the anthropogenically polluted Thane creek along the Central West Coast of India<#LINE#>@QuadrosGoldin,R.P.@Athalye<#LINE#>17-21<#LINE#>4.ISCA-JBS-2012-092.pdf<#LINE#>B.N. Bandodkar College of Science, Chendani, Thane 400601, Maharashtra, INDIA@álim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History (SACON), Anaikatti Post, Coimbatore 641108, Tamil Nadu, INDIA<#LINE#>15/6/2012<#LINE#>19/6/2012<#LINE#>  The fish diversity and associated environment of 12 strategically selected intertidal stations along the extremely polluted Thane creek on the west coast of India were studied for a year and compared with past available data to investigate changes in the creek ecology due to various anthropogenic activities like industrial, domestic, and solid waste disposal along with land reclamation. Hydro-sedimentological investigations revealed enhancement of total nitrogen (TN) and organic carbon (Corg) load and hypoxic levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) over the years. Silt component of sediment was increasing, with proportionate decrease in clay due to various anthropogenic disturbances. 12 species of fish were recorded along the entire length of the creek with dominance of only 5 species that occurred throughout the year, namely Mugil cephalus, Mystus gulio, Mystus shingala, Tilapia mossambica and Scylla serrata where as the other fishes were rare in their occurrence. A comparison with the past literature for the study area revealed decline in the fish diversity. As per the energy transfer theory, it was observed that the benthos in the study area can support an average fishery yield of at least 256937.2 kg/year (i.e. 21411.433 kg/month). This however is not fully utilized because the fishes were found to feed mostly on phytoplankton and the locals also reported very poor fishery catch in the creek. <#LINE#> @ @ Gajbhiye S.N., Mehta P., Mustafa S. and Nair V.R., Fishery potential along the Indian coastal waters between Porbandar and Ratnagiri, Journal of the Indian Fisheries Association, 24, 63–72 (1994)@No $ @ @ Vose F.E. and Bell S.S., Resident fishes and macrobenthos in mangrove–rimmed habitats: evaluation of habitat restoration by hydrologic modification, Estuaries, 17(3), 585–596 (1994)@No $ @ @ Nagelkerken I., Kleijnen S., Klop T., Van den Brand R.A.C.J., de la Moriniere E.C. and van der Velde G., Dependance of Carribbean reef fishes on mangroves and sea grass beds as nursery habitats: a comparison of fish faunas between bays with and without mangroves / sea grass beds, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 214, 225– 235 (2001)@No $ @ @ Nagelkerken I., van der Velde G., Gorissen M.W., Meijer G.J., van’t Hof T. and den Hartog C., Importance of mangroves, seagrass beds and the Shallow coral reef as a Nursery for Important Coral Reef fishes, using a visual census technique, Estuarine Coastal Shelf Science, 51, 31– 44 (2000)@No $ @ @ Parrish J.D., Fish communities of interacting shallowwater habitats in tropical oceanic regions, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 58, 143–160 (1989)@No $ @ @ Shulman M.J., Recruitment of coral reef fishes: effects of distribution of predation and shelter, Ecology, 66, 1056– 1066 (1985)@No $ @ @ Blaber S.J.M. and Blaber T.G., Factors affecting the distribution of juvenile estuarine and inshore fish, Journal of Fish Biology, 17, 143–162 (1980)@No $ @ @ Odum W.E. and Heald E.T., Trophic analysis of an estuarine mangrove community, Bull. Mar. Sci. 22, 671– 738 (1972) @No $ @ @ Kadam S.S. and Tiwari L.R., Zooplankton Composition in Dahanu Creek-West Coast of India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(5), 62-65 (2012)@No $ @ @ Hostens K., Spatial patterns and seasonality in the epibenthic communities of the Westerschelde, Southern Bight of the North sea, J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K., 80, 27–36 (2000)@No $ @ @ McVicar A.H., Bruno D.W. and Fraser C.O., Fish disease in the North Sea in relation to sewage sludge dumping, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 19(4), 169–173 (1988)@No $ @ @ NIO Marine environmental studies: Environmental quality along the north-west coast of –India, NIO regional center Bombay (1992)@No $ @ @ Vance D.J., Hayacode M.D.E. and Staples D.J., Use of mangrove estuary as a nursery area by a post larval and juvenile banana prawns, Penaeus mergaiensis de Man, in northern Australia, Estuarine Coastal Shelf Science, 31(3), 689–701 (1990)@No $ @ @ Grasshoff K., Ehrhardt M., and Kremling K., Methods of seawater analysis. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 419 (1999)@No $ @ @ Elmgren R., Structure and dynamics of Baltic communities with particular reference to the relationship between macroand meiofauna., Kleler Meeresiosch, 4, 1–22 (1978)@No $ @ @ Walkey A. and Black I.A., An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method, Soil Sci, 37, 28–30 (1934)@No $ @ @ Buchanan J.B., Sediment analysis in: Holme NA, McIntyre AD (eds) Methods for study of marine benthos, 2nd edn. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 41–65 (1984)@No $ @ @ Day F., The fishes of India: Being a natural history of fishes known to inhabit the seas and Freshwaters of India, Burma and Ceylon Vol. I and II, Jagmander Book Agency, New Delhi (1878)@No $ @ @ Patil Shilpa G., Chonde Sonal G., Jadhav Aasawari S. and Raut Prakash D., Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton Communities, Kolhapur, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(2), 56-60 (2012)@No $ @ @ Baroniya Mamta, Baroniya Sanjay Singh and Jain Monica, Operation and Maintenance of Water Treatment Plant at BNP Campus Dewas, India: A Case Study, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 83-86 (2012)@No $ @ @ Kumar Praveen G.N. and Sumangala K. Bhat, Fungal Degradation of Azo dye- Red 3BN and Optimization of Physico-Chemical Parameters, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 17-24 (2012)@No $ @ @ Chaudhary Preeti, Assessment of Fish Culture in Some Fresh Water Ponds of Dhar Town, MP, India, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 73-76 (2012)@No $ @ @ Choudhary Ranjeeta, Heavy Metal Analysis of Water of Kaliasote Dam of Bhopal, MP, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1, 352-353 (2012)@No $ @ @ Tamboli R.K. and Jha Y.N., Status of Cat Fish Diversity of River Kelo and Mand in Raigarh District, CG, India, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 71-73 (2012)@No $ @ @ Goswami A.P. and Mankodi P.C., Study on Zooplankton of Fresh Water Reservoir Nyari – II Rajkot district, Gujarat, India., ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 30-34 (2012)@No $ @ @ Gokhale K.S. and R.P. Athalye., Study of impact of pollution on mangrove fauna of Thane creek near Thane city. Report submitted to the Ministry of Environment and forests. New Delhi, 40 (1995)@No $ @ @ Krishnamurthy A.J. and V.R. Nair, Concentration of metals in shrimps and crabs of Thane –Bassein creek system, Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 28 (1), 92–95 (1999)@No $ @ @ Slobodkin L.B., Growth and regulation of animal populations. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York. Viii+184 (1961)@No $ @ @ Nwajei G.E.1, Obi–Iyeke G.E.2 and Okwagi P., Distribution of Selected Trace Metal in Fish Parts from the River Nigeria., Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(1), 81-84 (2012)@No $ @ @ Seyed Ahmad Reza Hashemi, Gholamreza Eskandary and Hoshang Ansary, Biomass of Fish Species in the Shadegan Wetland, IRAN, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(1), 66-68 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Chemical Composition and Antifungal activity of Essential oil of Fresh leaves of Ocimum gratissimum from Benin against six Mycotoxigenic Fungi isolated from traditional cheese wagashi<#LINE#>Sessou@Philippe,Farougou@Souaïbou, Alitonou@Guy, Djenontin Tindo@Sébastien, Yèhouénou @Boniface, Azokpota@Paulin, Youssao@Issaka,Sohounhloué @Dominique<#LINE#>22-27<#LINE#>5.ISCA-JBS-2012-093.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée (LARBA), Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, BENIN@Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche en Chimie Appliquée (LERCA), Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC), Cotonou, BENIN@Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biotechnologie Alimentaire, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques (FSA), Cotonou, BENIN<#LINE#>18/6/2012<#LINE#>20/6/2012<#LINE#>Aromatic plants are traditionally used for seasoning and prolongation of shelf life of food. The majority of their properties are due to the essential oils produced by their secondary metabolism. Essentials oils could guarantee food safety in preserved against foods pathogenic and adulterated microorganisms. Technological application of essential oils, as natural sanitizing agents, requires the definition of optimal conditions. The aim of the present work was to evaluate some antifungal activity parameters as mycelial growth inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil against Aspergillus (flavus and tamarii), Fusarium (poae and verticillioides) and Penicillium (citrinum and griseofulvum) species isolated from traditional cheese wagashi. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves of Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae) collected in Abomey-Calavi (Atlantic, Southern Benin) was analyzed using capillary GC and GC/MS. The major compounds of the EO were thymol, g-terpinene and p-cymene (28.1, 21.3 and 16.5% respectively). The evaluation of antifungal activity of this oil has shown a significant fungistatic activity against all species tested with a MIC ranged from 800 to 1000 mg/L due probably to the prominent concentration of thymol in this EO. The results have shown the possibility of exploiting Ocimum gratissimum essential oil in the fight against moulds species responsible for biodeterioration of stored wagashi.<#LINE#> @ @ Kèkè M., Yèhouénou B., Dahouénon E., Dossou J and Sohounhloué K.C.D., Contribution à l’amélioration de la technologie de fabrication et de conservation du fromage peulh waragashi par injection de Lactobacillus plantarum, Ann. Sci. Agron. Benin., 10(1), 73-86 (2008)@No $ @ @ Filtenborg O., Frisvad J.C., Thrane U., Moulds in food spoilage, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 33, 85-102 (1996)@No $ @ @ Nasser A.L., Fungal contamination of white cheese at the stage of consumption in Saudi Arabia, Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 4(6), 733-735 (2001)@No $ @ @ Elkak A., El-Atat O., Habib J. and Abbas M., Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in cheese processed and marketed in Lebanon, Food Control, 25, 140-143 (2012)@No $ @ @ Aïssi V.M., Soumanou M.M., Bankolé H., Toukourou F. and de Souza C.A., Evaluation of Hygienic and Mycological Quality of Local Cheese Marketed in Benin, AJBAS., 3(3), 2397-2404 (2009)@No $ @ @ Barkat M. and Bouguerra A., Study of the antifungal activity of essential oil extracted from seeds of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. for its use as food conservative, Afr. J. Food Sci., 6(9), 239-244 (2012)@No $ @ @ Nakade Dhanraj B., Antibiotic sensitivity of Common Bacterial Pathogens against selected Quinolones, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(1), 77-79 (2012)@No $ @ @ Hegde Chaitra R., Madhuri M., Swaroop T., Nishitha T., Das A., Bhattacharya S. and Rohit K. C., Evaluation of antimicrobial properties, phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity of leaf extracts of Punica granatum L., ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(2), 32-37 (2012)@No $ @ @ Angelini P., Pagiotti R., Menghini A and Vianello B., Antimicrobial activities of various essential oils against foodborne pathogenic or spoilage moulds, Ann. Microbiol., 56(1), 65-69 (2006)@No $ @ @ Wang H.F., Yih K.H. and Huang K.F., Comparative Study of the Antioxidant Activity of Forty-five Commonly Used Essential Oils and their Potential Active Components, J. Food Drug Anal., 18(1), 24-33 (2010)@No $ @ @ Burt S., Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in food-areview, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 94, 223-253 (2004)@No $ @ @ Okwu D.E., The potentials of Ocimum gratissimum, Pengluria extensa and Tetrapleurea tetraptera as spices and flavouring agents, J. Chem. Soc. Nigeria, 31(1 & 2), 38–42 (2006)@No $ @ @ Saliu B.K., Usman L.A., Sani A., Muhammad N.O. and Akolade J.O., Chemical Composition and Antibacterial (Oral Isolates) Activity of leaf Essential Oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. Grown in North Central Nigeria, Int. J. Current Res., 3(3), 22-28 (2011)@No $ @ @ Nwinyi O.C., Chinedu N.S., Ajani O.O., Ikpo C.O. and Ogunniran K.O., Antibacterial effects of extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and piper guineense on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, Afr. J. Food Sci., 3(1), 22-25 (2009) @No $ @ @ Oussou K.R., Yolou S.F., Tue Bi B., Kanko C., Boti J. B., Ahibo C. and Casanova J., Etude chimique bio-guidée de l’huile essentielle de Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae), Eur. J. Sci. Res., 40(1), 50-59 (2010)@No $ @ @ Matasyoh L.G., Matasyoh J.C., Wachira F.N., Kinyua M.G., Thairu Muigai A.W. and Mukiama T.K., Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils of Ocimum gratissimum L. from different populations of Kenya, Afr. J. Trad. CAM., 5(2), 187-193 (2008)@No $ @ @ Prakash B., Shukla R., Singh P., Mishra P. K., Dubey N. K. and Kharwar R. N., Efficacy of chemically characterized Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil as an antioxidant and a safe plant based antimicrobial against fungal and aflatoxin B1 contamination of spices, Food Res. Int., 44, 385-390 (2011)@No $ @ @ Nguefack J., Lekagne Dongmo J.B., Dakole C.D., Leth V., Vismer H.F., Torp J., Guemdjom E.F.N., Mbeffo M., Tamgue O., Fotio D., Amvam Zollo P.H. and Nguefack A.E., Food preservative potential of essential oils and fractions from cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Thymus vulgaris against mycotoxigenic fungi, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 131, 151-156 (2009)@No $ @ @ Faria T.J., Ferreira R.S., Yassumoto L., Pinto de Souza J.R., Ishikawa N.K. and Barbosa A.M., Antifungal activity of essential oil Isolated from Ocimum gratissimum L. (eugenol chemotype) against Phytopathogenic Fungi, Braz. Arch. Biol. and Technol., 49(6), 867-871 (2006)@No $ @ @ Ahonkhai I., Ayinde B. A., Edogun O. and Uhuwmangho M. U., Antimicrobial activities of the volatile oils of Ocimum bacilicum L. and Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) against some aerobic dental isolates, Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 22(4), 405-409 (2009)@No $ @ @ Yèhouenou B., Noudogbèssi J.P., Sessou P., Avlessi F. and Sohounhloué D., Etude chimique et activités antimicrobiennes d’extraits volatils des feuilles et fruits de Xylopia aethiopica (DUNAL) A. Rich. contre les pathogènes des denrées alimentaires, J. Soc. Ouest Afr. Chim., 29,19-27 (2010)@No $ @ @ Adams R.P., Identification of essential oil components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, 4th edition; Allured Publishing Corporation Carol Stream. IL (2007)@No $ @ @ ISO 21527-1 : 2008 (F), Microbiologie des aliments- Méthode horizontale pour le dénombrement des levures et moisissures, Partie 1 : technique par comptage des colonies dans les produits à activité d’eau supérieure à 0,95, 1ère édition (2008)@No $ @ @ Pitt J.I. and Hocking A.D., Fungi and Food spoilage, Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York, USA, 518 (2009)@No $ @ @ Tatsadjieu N.L., Dongmo Jazet P.M., Ngassoum M.B., Etoa F-X. and Mbofung C.M.F., Investigations on the essential oil of Lippia rugosa from Cameroun for its potential use as antifungal agent against Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries, Food Control, 20, 161-166 (2009)@No $ @ @ Statistica, Statistica version 2010 monoposte 6.0 (2010)@No $ @ @ Sahouo G. B., Tonzibo Z. F., Boti B., Chopard C., Mahy J. P. and N’guessan Y.T., Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities : Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils of Ocimum gratissimum, Eucalyptus citriodora and Cymbopogon giganteus Inhibited Lipoxygenase L-1 and Cyclooxygenase of PGHS, Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 17(2), 191-197 (2003)@No $ @ @ Aquino Lemos J., Passos X. S., Fatima Lisboa F. O., de Paula J. R., Ferri P. H., de Souza L. K. H., de Aquino Lemos L. and de Rosario Rodrigues Silva M., Antifungal activity from Ocimum gratissimum L. towards Cryptococcus neoformans, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 100(1), 55-58 (2005)@No $ @ @ Lopez-Reyes J.G., Spadaro D., Gullino M.L. and Garibaldi A., Efficacy of plant essential oils on postharvest control of rot caused by fungi on four cultivars of apples in vivo, Flavour Fragr. J., 25, 171-177 (2010)@No $ @ @ Prajapati A., Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activity Studies of 5-Nitro N’-[Arylidenhydrazidomethyl Indole] 2-(Substituted Aryl) -3-(N’-Indolyl Acetamiddyl)- 4-Oxothiazolidines, Res. J. Recent. Sci., 1, 99-104 (2012)@No $ @ @ Lambert R.J.W., Skandamis P.N., Coote P. and Nychas G.J.E., A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol, J. Appl. Microbiol., 9, 453-462 (2001) @No
<#LINE#>Pigment Degradation of Higher Plants near Sugar Mill<#LINE#>@SaralaThambavaniD.,M.A.@Sabitha<#LINE#>28-32<#LINE#>6.ISCA-JBS-2012-098.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Chemistry, Sri Meenakshi Government Arts College for Women (Autonomous), Madurai-625, INDIA@Department of Chemistry, J.A. College for Women (Autonomous), Periyakulam-625 601, INDIA<#LINE#>25/6/2012<#LINE#>3/7/2012<#LINE#>Sugar industry generate a significant large amount of waste during the manufacture of sugar and contains a high amount of production load particularly in items of suspended solids, organic matters, press-mud, bagasses and air pollution. Air pollutants from sugar mill can directly affect plants via leaves or indirectly via soil acidification. When exposed to air pollutants, most plant experience physiological changes before exhibiting visible damage to leaves. Leaf pigment content can provide valuable insight into the physiological performance of leaves. In the present study, the extraction of chlorophyll and their derivatives were studied in the five tree species such as Ficus benghalensis, Delonix regia, Ficus religiosa, Azadirachta indica and Pongamia pinnata. The study area was polluted with organic pollutants which results in reduced pigment levels in the leaves. The pheophytin a and b were formed greater than hundred percent in Delonix regia Azadirachta indica and Pongamia pinnata. For Ficus benghalensis, pheophytin a was found to be 27.17% and pheophytin b was more than hundred percent. In Ficus religiosa, pheophytin a was formed by 41.09% where as pheophytin b was produced less than the residential area. These results indicate that the degradation of chlorophyll was higher near sugar mill because of the emission of gases. Among the five tree species growing near sugar mill, Ficus religiosa showed minimum decomposition of chlorophyll and it was suggested to grow these species to reduce the load of pollution near sugar mills.<#LINE#> @ @ Sarala Thambavani D. and Sabitha M.A., Multivariate statistical analysis between COD and BOD of sugar mill effluent, Scholarly Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science, 1(1), 6-12 (2012)@No $ @ @ Sarala Thambavani D. and Sabitha M.A., Water quality and environmental assessment of sugar mill effluent, Journal of Research in Biology, 2, 125-135 (2012)@No $ @ @ Bhosale P.R., Chonde S.G., Nakade D.B. and Raut P.D., Studies on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Waxed and Dewaxed Pressmud and its effect on Water Holding Capacity of Soil, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 35-41 (2012)@No $ @ @ Khwaja Mahmood A. and Quraishi Masood H., Self- Monitoring and Reporting for Industry Islamabad: Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) (2003)@No $ @ @ Muthusamy P., Murugan S. and Manothi Smitha, Removal of Nickel ion from Industrial Waste Water using Maize Cob, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 7-11 (2012)@No $ @ @ Dohmen G.P., Koppers A. and Langebartels C., Biochemical response of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) towards 14-month exposure to ozone and acid mist: effects on amino acid, glutathione and polyamine titers, Environmental Pollution, 64, 375-383 (1990)@No $ @ @ Escobedo F.J., Wagner J.E., Nowak D.J., Analyzing the cost effectiveness of Santiago, Chile’s policy of using urban forests to improve air quality, Journal of Environmental Management, 86, 148-157 (2008)@No $ @ @ Hove L.W.A., Bossen M.E., Bok F.A.M., The uptake of O3 by poplar leaves: The impact of a long-term exposure to low O3-concentrations, Atmospheric Environment, 33, 907-917 (1999)@No $ @ @ Sarala Thambavani D. and Sabitha M.A., Variation in air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index of plants near a sugar factory: implications for landscapeplant species selection for industrial areas, Journal of Research in Biology, 1(6), (2011) @No $ @ @ Joshi P.C. and Chauhan A., Performance of locally grown rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) exposed to air pollutants in rapidly growing industrial area of district Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India, Life Science Journal, 5(3), 57–61 (2008)@No $ @ @ Hoque M.A., Banu M.N.A. and Okuma E., Exogenous proline and glycinebetaine increase NaCl-induced ascorbate – glutathione cycle enzymes activities, and praline improves salt tolerance more than glycinebetaine in tobacco bright yellow -2 suspension – cultured cells, J. plant physiol., 164, 1457–1468 (2007)@No $ @ @ Flowers M.D., Fiscus E.L. and Burkey K.O., Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and yield of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) genotype differing in sensitivity to Ozone, Environ. Exp. Bot., 61, 190-198 (2007)@No $ @ @ Sarala Thambavani D. and Sabitha M.A., Tolerance of plants to air pollution near leather tanneries, Journal of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Monitoring, 1(6), 609-612 (2009a)@No $ @ @ Klump G., Furlan C.M. and Domingos M., Response of stress indicators and growth parameters of tibouchina pulchra logn, Exposed to air and soil pollution near the industrial complex of cubatao, Brazil. Sci. Total Environ., 246, 79-91 (2000)@No $ @ @ Sarala Thambavani D., Sabitha M.A. and Selvasundari R., Air pollution Tolerance index of tree species growing in traffic area of Madurai, Tamil Nadu, The Asian Journal of Experimental Chemistry, 4(1&2), 126-132 (2009b) @No $ @ @ Rao D.N., Plant leaf as pollution monitoring Device, Fertilizer News, 25-28 (1979)@No $ @ @ Reinbothe S. and Reinbothe C., Regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis in angiosperm, Plant Physiol., 111, 1-7 (1996)@No $ @ @ Mcfeeters R.F., Chichester C.O. and Whitaker J.R., Purification and properties of chlorophyllase from Ailanthus altissima (Tree-of-heaven), Plant Physiol., 47, 609-618 (1971)@No $ @ @ Lichtenthaler H.K., Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembrane, Methods Enzymol., 148, 350-382 (1987)@No $ @ @ Porra R., Thompson W.A. and Kriedelman P.E., Determination of accurate extraction and simultaneously equation for assessing chlorophyll a and b extracted with different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 975, 384-394 (1989)@No $ @ @ Holm G., Chlorophyll mutations in barley, Acta. Agric. Scand., 4, 457-461 (1954)@No $ @ @ Khan V.M., Avivi-Bieise N. and Von Wettestein D., Genetic regulation of chlorophyll synthesis analyzed with double mutants in barley, In: Bhuchler T., (ed.), Genetics and Biogenesis of chloroplasts and mitochondria, Elseiver/North- Holland Biomedical Press Amsterdam, 119-131 (1976)@No $ @ @ McFeeters R.F., Chichester C.O. and Whitaker J.R., Purification and properties of chlorophyllase from Ailanthus altissima (Tree-of-Heaven), Plant Physiol., 47, 609-618 (1971)@No $ @ @ Lichtenthaler H.K., Chlorophylls and Carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembrane, Methods Enzymol., 148, 350-382 (1987)@No $ @ @ Willstatter R. and Stoll A., Untersuchungen uber Chlorophyll, Julius Springer, Berlin (1913)@No $ @ @ Molisch H., Mikrochemie der Pflanze, Auft., Gustav Fischer, Jena (1923)@No $ @ @ Mishra P.C., Dash A.K. and Pradhan Khageswar, Metals in Environmental segments at Hirakud of Odisha, India, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 7-23 (2012)@No $ @ @ Roben M. and Dorries W., Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gessellschaft, 50, 53 (1932); Dorries W., Ibid., 50, 47 (1932)@No $ @ @ Wieler A., Jahrbuch fur wiss. Botani, 84, 764 (1937)@No $ @ @ Srivastava K.P. and Singh Vikash Kumar, Impact of Air- Pollution on pH of soil of Saran, Bihar, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(4), 9-13 (2012)@No $ @ @ Rathore Kanishka Raj, Dhawankar Aditi and Gungun, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) For Bus Based Rapid Transit System (BRTS) Bhopal, MP, India, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1, 166-171 (2012)@No $ @ @ Chouhan Aarti, Iqbal Sanjeeda, Maheshwari R.S. and Bafna A., Study of air pollution tolerance Index of plants growing in Pithampur Industrial area sector 1, 2 and 3, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1, 172-177 (2012)@No $ @ @ Nwajei G.E., Okwagi P., Nwajei R.I. and Obi-Iyeke G.E., Analytical Assessment of Trace Elements in Soils, Tomato Leaves and Fruits in the Vicinity of Paint Industry, Nigeria, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(4), 22-26 (2012)@No $ @ @ Namdhari B.S., Rohilla S.K., Salar R.K., Gahlawat S.K., Bansal P. and Saran A.K., Decolorization of Reactive Blue MR, using Aspergillus species Isolated from Textile Waste Water, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 24-29 (2012)@No $ @ @ Murhekar Gopalkrushna Haribhau, Trace Metals Contamination of Surface Water Samples in and Around Akot City in Maharashtra, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(7), 5-9 (2012).@No $ @ @ Thomas M.D., Hendricks R.H. and Hill G.R., Proc. First Hational Air Pollution Symposium, 142, Stanford Res. Inst. (1949) @No
<#LINE#>In-vitro Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic ativity of Methanolic extract of Osbeckia wynaadensis<#LINE#>@IllathSujina,Ravi@Subban<#LINE#>33-38<#LINE#>7.ISCA-JBS-2012-111.pdf<#LINE#>* Department of Chemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore-641 021, INDIA<#LINE#>6/7/2012<#LINE#>14/7/2012<#LINE#>In- vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanolic extract of osbeckia wynaadensis was evaluated in the present study for the first time by disc diffusion method using five bacterial strains (S. pneumonia, B.cereus, A. hydrophila , V. cholera and MRSA) and five fungal strains (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Streptomysis Greusis, M. purpureus and Aspergillus fumigate) respectively. The zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration were measured. Ampicillin (30 g/disc) and clotrimazole (20 g/disc) were used as standard for antibacterial and antifungal activity respectively. In-vitro cytotoxic activity of Osbeckia wynaadensis was evaluated against the human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa) and murine embryonic fibroblasts cell line (NIH 3T3) by MTT assay and the IC50 value found to be 220.3 g/mL and 93. 25 g/mL. It is concluded that Osbeckia wynaadensis exhibited significant antibacterial, antifungal & in-vitro cytotoxic activity. <#LINE#> @ @ Bruneton J., Pharmacognosie: Phytochime, Plants medicinal, Tec and Doc, Paris, 309-354 (1999)@No $ @ @ Cotton C.M., Ethanaobotony: Principals and Applications, John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Chichister, England (1996)@No $ @ @ Ahmedulla M. and Nayar M.P., Red Data Book of Indian Plants, Calcutta; Botanical Survey of India, 4, (1999)@No $ @ @ Jachak S.M. and Saklani A., Challenges and opportunities in drug discovery from plants, Current science, 92(9), 1251-57 (2007)@No $ @ @ Cragg G.M., Kingston D.G.I. and Newman D.J. (Eds.), Anticancer Agents from Natural Products Boca Raton, Florida: Taylor and Francis (2005)@No $ @ @ Singh Shachi, Antimiotic activity of a New Compound Isolated from the Flower of Prosopis juliflora, Research Journal of recent Science 1(6), 22-26 (2012)@No $ @ @ Chopra R.N., Nayer S.L. and Chopra I.C., Glossary of Indian medicinal plants, 3rd Edn. New Delhi: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 7(1), 239-46 (1992)@No $ @ @ Bruneton J., Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, medicinal plants. France: Lavoisiler Publishing Co., 265-380 (1995)@No $ @ @ Austin D.J., Kristinsson K.G. and Anderson R.M., The relationship between the volume of antimicrobial consumption in human communities and the frequency of resistance, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 96, 1152-6 (1999)@No $ @ @ Samy R.P., Ignacimuthu S. and Sen A., Screening of 34 Indian medicinal plants for antibacterial properties, Journal of Ethanopharmacology, 62(4), 173-81(1998)@No $ @ @ Mangale Sapna M., Chonde Sonal G. and Raut P.D., Use of Morigna Oleifera (Drumstick) seed as natural Absorbent and an Antimicrobial agenr for Ground water treatment, Research Journal of recent Science, 1(3), 31-40 (2012)@No $ @ @ Hedge Chatra R., Madhuri M., Swaroop T., Nishitha Das Arijit, Bhattacharya Sourav and Rohit, Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties, Phytochemical Content and Antioxident Capacities of Leaf Extracts of Punica granatus L., ISCA Journal of Biological Science, 1(2), 32- 37 (2012)@No $ @ @ Chinese Academy of science, Flora of China Editorial committees of Flora of China 53.volum [M], Bejing Science press, 53(1),138 (1984)@No $ @ @ Su J.D., Oswa T., Kawakishi S., et al., A novel antioxidative synergist isolated from Osbeckia Chinensis L [J], Agri Biol Chem., 51, 3449 (1987)@No $ @ @ Su J.D., Oswa T., Kawakishi S., et al., Antioxidative flavanoids isolated from Osbeckia Chinensis L [J], Agri Biol Chem., 51, 2801 (1987) @No $ @ @ Su J.D., Oswa T., Kawakishi S, et al.Tannin antioxidants from Osbeckia Chinensis [J]. Phytochemistry, 27, 1315 (1988)@No $ @ @ Zeng Xian-meter, Square Zhapu, Ma Jianzhong and Jin Jin, Hong Chemical composition of China’s traditional Chinese medicine mischievous Zhi, 16(2), 99 (1991)@No $ @ @ Wang Bo and Wang Hao, The temperature far shadow, and so leave the air tank of chemical compostion [J], Days Natural product research and development, 12(2), 45-48 (2001)@No $ @ @ Francisco J.A., Nascimento Agnes M.L. Karlson and Ragnar Elmgren Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Limnol. Oceanogr., 53(6), 2636–2643 (2008)@No $ @ @ Chlebowski R.T., Grosvenor M., Lillington L., Sayre J. and Beall G., Dietary intake and counseling, weight maintenance, and the course of HIV infection, J Am Diet Assoc, 95(4), 428-435 (1995)@No $ @ @ Mossman T., Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays, J of Immunological Methods, 65, 55-63 (1983)@No $ @ @ Monks A., et al, Feasibility of high flux anticancer drug screen using a diverse panel of cultured human tumour cell lines, J. of the National Cancer Institute, 83, 757-766 (1991)@No $ @ @ Patel M., Community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection: epideminology, recognition and management, Drug 69, 693-716 (2009)@No $ @ @ Powell J.P. and Wenzel R.P., Antibiotic option for treating community-acquired MRSA, Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther. 6, 299-307 (2008)@No $ @ @ Jayatilaka K.A. and Thabrew M.I., Osbeckia aspera against carbon tetrachloride-mediated alterations in microsomal drug metabolizing, J Pharm Pharmacol, 52(4), 461-5 (2000)@No $ @ @ Ira Thabrew M., Robin D., Hughes and Ian G. McFarlane, Antioxidant activity of Osbeckia aspera, Phytotherapy research, 12(4), 288-290 (1998)@No $ @ @ Renee J. Gayer M., Ira Thabrew, Robin D., Hughes Sam Bretherton, Andrew Lever, Nigel C. Veitch, Geoffrey C. Kite, Roberto Lelli and Monique S.J., Simmonds Phenolic and Terpenoid Constituents from the Sri Lankan Medicinal Plant Osbeckia aspera, J of Pharmaceutical Biology, 46(3), 154-161 (2008)@No $ @ @ Nichol D. Sl, Daniels H.M., Ira Thabrew M., Grayer R.J., Simmonds M.S. and Hughes R.D., In vitro studies on the immunomodulatory effects of extracts of Osbeckia aspera, J. Ethanopharmacology, 78(1), 39-4 (2001)@No $ @ @ Zeng X., Fang Z. and Ma J., Chemical constituents of Osbeckia chinensis, Article in Chinese J., 16(2), 99-101 (1991)@No $ @ @ Thabrew M.I., Hughes R.D., Gove C.D., Portmann B., Williams R. and McFarlane I.G., Protective effects of Osbeckia octandra against paracetamol-induced liver injury, J.Xenobitica, 25(9), 1009-1017 (1995)@No $ @ @ M.Ira Thabrew, Christopher D. Gove, Robin D. Hughes, Ian G. McFarlane and Roger Williams, Protective effects of Osbeckia Octandra against galactosamine and tert-butyl hydroperoxide induced hepatocyte damage. J. Ethanopharmacology, 49(2), 69-76 (1995)@No $ @ @ Thabrew M.I., Joice P.D. and Rajatissa W., A comparative study of the efficacy of Pavetta indica and Osbeckia octandra in the treatment of liver dysfunction, J.Planta medica., 53(3), 239-41 (1987)@No $ @ @ Thabrew M.I. and Jayatilaka K.A. P.W., A comparative study of the beneficial effects of Osbeckia octandra and Osbeckia aspera in liver dysfunction in rats, The Ceylon Journal of Medical Science, 42(1), 1-6 (1999)@No $ @ @ Pathirana Chitra and Bailey Clifford J., Hypoglycemic activity of three plant treatments for diabetes mellitus: artocarpus heterophyllus, Osbeckia Octandra and asteracantha longifolia, Galle Medical Journal, 1(1), 11-17 (1996)@No $ @ @ Jayathilaka KAPW, Thabrew M.I., Pathirana C., De Silva DGH and Perera DJB, An evaluation of the potency of Osbeckia octandra and Melothria maderaspatana as antihepatotoxic agents, Planta Medica, 55(2), 137-139 (1989)@No $ @ @ WANG Hongsheng, WANG Yuehu A., SHI Yana, LI Xingyu, LONG Chunlin, Chemical constituents in roots of Osbeckia opipara, China J of Chinese meteria medica, 34(4), 414-418 (2009)@No $ @ @ Zeng X., Fang Z. and Ma J., Chemical constituents of Osbeckia chinensis, Article in Chinese J., 16(2), 99-101 (1991)@No $ @ @ Jeng-De Su, Toshihiko Osawa, Shunro Kawakishi, Mitsuo Namiki.Tannin antioxidants from Osbeckia chinensis, J.Phytochemistry, 27(5), 1315-1319 (1998)@No $ @ @ Syiem D. and Khup P.Z., Study of the Traditionally Used Medicinal Plant Osbeckia chinensis for Hypoglycemic and Anti-hyperglycemic Effects in Mice, J.Pharmaceutical biology, 44(8) , 613-618 (2006)@No $ @ @ Wang Bo, Wang Hao, Wen Yuanying and Hu Changxu, The Chemical Constituents of Osbeckia Crinita, J. Natural Product research and development, 12(5), 45-50 (2000)@No $ @ @ Neshwari Devi M., Biren Singh Kh., Singh S.R., SinghC.B., Deb Lukesh and Dey Amitabh, Antihyperglycemiceffect of Aqueous and Ethanol extract of Aerial part ofO.nepalensis Hook in Alloxan induced Diabetic rats,International Journal of PharmTech Research, 4(1), 233-24 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Sodium Dodecyl sulphate Polyacrylamide gel Electrophoresis Pattern of Horse Gram Seed Storage Proteins during Germination<#LINE#>Pang@PekGeok,Af@Asrul,i@,@RahmanShefiqur,kumar@ShahaRanajit<#LINE#>39-50<#LINE#>8.ISCA-JBS-2012-116.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Agro Based Industry, University Malaysia Kelantan (Jeli campus), Beg Berkunci No. 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, MALAYSIA@Faculty of Earth science, University Malaysia Kelantan (Jeli campus), Beg Berkunci No. 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, MALAYSIA@Faculty of Agro Based Industry, University Malaysia Kelantan (Jeli campus), Beg Berkunci No. 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, MALAYSIA <#LINE#>10/7/2012<#LINE#>18/7/2012<#LINE#>  The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of germination on the three varieties of horse gram seed storage proteins. Seeds were germinated for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 110h in a dark place. Germinated seeds were frozen at -18C for 12h to stop the germination process. Spouted seeds were freeze-dried and ground to pass through a 40 mesh sieve for analysis. Total proteins, water soluble and water insoluble proteins were estimated by standard methods. Seed storage protein profiles of three varieties germinated horse gram were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Extracted protein fractions from germinated horse gram seeds in different solvents were studied by HPLC. The highest amount of storage protein degradation was observed in all varieties after 72-80h of germination. Characterization of protein fractions by HPLC showed that albumins/globulins, prolamins and glutelins increases slightly during germination time, as germinating seeds usually accompany by interconversion and production of new compounds. Electrophoregrams for each variety were shown and the high molecular weight proteins band intensity decreases during different germination period were noted. Genetic diversity of germinated horse gram was evaluated by constructing the dendrogram for high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) gluten subunit bands. In conclusion, SDS-PAGE of germinated seed storage proteins can be economically used to assess genetic variation and relation in germplasm. The specific bands of germinated seed storage protein profiles may be used as markers for identification of the mutants/genotypes<#LINE#> @ @ Graham T.A. and Gunning B.E.S., Localization of legumin and vicilin in bean cotyledon cells using fluorescent antibodies, Nature, 228, 81-82(2003)@No $ @ @ Davidsson L., Dimitriou T., Walczyk T. and Hurrel R.F.,Iron absorption from experimental infant formulas based on pea (Pisum sativum)-protein isolate: the effect of phytic acid and ascorbic acid, British Journal of Nutrition 63 (2001)@No $ @ @ Korhonen H. and Pihlanto A., Food-derived bioactive peptides–Opportunities for designing future foods, Current Pharmaceutical Design, 9, 1297-1308 (2003)@No $ @ @ Clark J.H. and Deswarte F.E.I., Introduction to chemicals from biomass, UK, Wiley (2009)@No $ @ @ Li Q., Wang B.C., Xu Y. and Zhu Y.X., Systematic studies of 12S seed storage protein accumulation and degradation patterns during Arabidopsis seed maturation and early seedling germination stages, J. of Biochem and Molecular Bio, (40), 373-381 (2006)@No $ @ @ Nisar M., Ghafoor A., Khan M.R., Ahmad H., Qureshi A.S. and Ali H., Genetic diversity and geographic relationship among local and exotic chickpea germplasm, Pak. J. Bot., 39, 1575-1581 (2007)@No $ @ @ Lioi L., Sparvoli F. and Bollini R., Variation and genomic polymorphism of lectin-related protein in Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) seed, Genetic Resources and Crops Evaluation, 46, 157-182 (1999)@No $ @ @ Ferreira J.J., Lvarrer E.A., Roca M.A and Giraldez R., Determination of the out crossing rate of phaseolus vulgaris L., using seed protein markers, Euphytica, 113, 259-263 (2000)@No $ @ @ Ghafoor A., Gulbaaz F.N., Afzal M., Ashraf M. and Arshad M., Inter-relationship between SDS-PAGE markers and agronomic traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Pak. J. Bot., 35, 613-624 (2003)@No $ @ @ Satija D.R., Adrash B., Gupta S.K. and Bala A., Genetic diversity in relation to protein and protein fractions in chiclpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Crop Improvement, 29, 122-135 (2002)@No $ @ @ Ghafoor A. and Ahmad Z., Diversity of agronomi traits and total seed protein in black germ vigna mungo(L) hepper, Acta Biologia cracoviensia series Botanica, 47, 69-75 (2005)@No $ @ @ Chowdhury M.A., Vandenberg B. and Warkentin T. Cultivar identification and genetic relationship among selected breeding lines and cultivars in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Euphytica, 127, 317-325 (2002)@No $ @ @ Ghafoor A., Ahmad Z., Qureshi A.S. and Bashir M., Genetic relationship in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper and V. Radiate (L.) R. Wilczek based on morphological traits and SDS-PAGE, Euphytica, 123, 367-378 (2002)@No $ @ @ Javid A.A., Ghafoor and Anwar R., Seed storage protein electrophoresis in groundnut for evaluating genetic diversity, Pak. J. Bot., 36, 87-96 (2004)@No $ @ @ Iqbal S.H., Ghafoor A. and Ayub N. Relationship between SDS-PAGE markers and Ascochyta blight in chickpea, Pak. J. Bot., 37, 87-96 (2005)@No $ @ @ Adams M.R., Golden D.L., Franke A.A., Potter S.M., Smith H.S. and Anthony M.S., Dietary soy 
-conglycinin (7 S globulin) inhibits atherosclerosis in mice, Journal Nutrition, 134, 511–516 (2004)@No $ @ @ Dogan D., Khawar K.M. and Özcan S., Agrobacterium mediated tumor and hairy root formation from different explants of lentils derived from young seedlings, Int. J. Agric. Biol., 7, 1019–1025 (2005)@No $ @ @ Mohamed M.E., Amro B.H., Mashier A.S. and Elfadil E.B. Effect of processing followed by fermentation on antinutritional factors content of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) cultivars, Pak. J. Nutr., 6, 463-467 (2007)@No $ @ @ Inyang C.U. and Zakari U.M., Effect of germination and fermentation of pearl millet on proximate, chemical and sensory properties of instant Fura-Nigerian cereal food, Pak. J. Nutr. 7, 9-12 (2008)@No $ @ @ Gulewicz P.C., Martinez-Villaluenga, Frias J., Ciesiolka D., Gulewicz K. and Vidal-Valverde C., Effect of germination on the protein fraction composition of different lupin seeds, Food Chem., 107, 830-844 (2008)@No $ @ @ Onwuka C.F., Ikewuchi C.C., Ikewuchi C.J. and Ayalogu O.E. Investigation on the effect of germination on the proximate composition of African Yam beam and fluted pumpkin, J. Applied Sci. Environ. Manage., 13, 59-61 (2009)@No $ @ @ Taraseviciene Z., Danikenko H., Jariene E., Paulauskiene A. and Gajewski M. Changes in some chemical components during germination of broccoli seeds, Not. Bot. Hortic. Agrobot. Cluj., 37, 173-176 (2009)@No $ @ @ Fernandez-Orozco R., Piskula M.K., Zielinski H., Kozlowska H., Frias J. and Vidal-Valverde C., Germination as a process to improve the antioxidant capacity of Lupinus angustifolius L. Var. Zapaton, Eur. Food. Res. Technol., 223, 495-502 (2006)@No $ @ @ Sulieman M.A., ElTyeb M.M., Abbass M.A., Ibrahim E.E.A., Babiker E.E. and ElTinay A.H., Changes in chemical composition, phytate, phytase activity andminerals extractability of sprouted lentil cultivars, J.Biol.Sci., 7, 776-780 (2007) @No $ @ @ Ramakrishna V., Rani P.J. and Rao P.R. Anti-nutritional factors during germination in Indian bean (Dolichos lablab L.) seeds, World J. Dairy Food Sci., 1, 6-11 (2006)@No $ @ @ Periago M.J., Ros G., Martinze C. and Rincon F., Variation of non-protein nitrogen in six Spanish legumes according to the extraction methor used, Food Research International, 29(5-6), 489-484 (1996)@No $ @ @ Bradford M.A., A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principale of dye binding, Anal. Biochem., 72, 248-254 (1976)@No $ @ @ Laemmli U.K., Clevage of structural proteins during assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4, Nature, 227, 680-685 (1970)@No $ @ @ Wieser H., Koehler P., Hartmann G., and Rychlik M., Degradation of storage proteins in different cereals by peptidases induced by germination, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D- 85748 Garching (1998)@No $ @ @ Sangronis E. and Machado C.J., Influence of germination on the nutritional quality of Phaseolus vulgaris and Cajanus cajan LWT, Journal of Science and Technology, 40, 116-120 (2007)@No $ @ @ Sangronis E., Rodriguez M., Cava R. and Torres A., Protein quality of germinated Phaseolus vulgaris, European Food Research and Technology, 222, 144-148 (2006)@No $ @ @ Ramakrishna V. and Ramakrishna Rao P., Purification of acidic protease from the cotyledons of germinating Indian bean (Dolichos lablab L. Var lignosus) seeds, African Journal of Biotechnology, 4(7), 703-707 (2005)@No $ @ @ Rodriguez C., Frias J., Vidal-Valverde C. and Hernandez A., Correlation between some nitrogen fractions, lysine, histidine, tyrosine, and ornithine contents during the germination of peas, beans, and lentils, Food Chem., 108, 245-252 (2008)@No $ @ @ Wanasundara P.K.J.P.D., Shahidi F. and Brosnan M.E., Changes in flax (Linum usitatissmum) seed nitrogenous compounds during germination, Food Chem., 65, 289–295 (1999)@No $ @ @ Yadav Sangita, Negi K.S. and Mandal S., Protein and oil rich wild horsegram, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 51(6), 629-633 (2004)@No $ @ @ Lqari H., Pedroche J., Giro´n-Calle J., Vioque J. and Milla´n F., Purification and partial characterization of storage proteins in Lupinus angustifolius seeds, Grasasy Aceites, 55, 364–369 (2004) @No $ @ @ Ahmed A.N., Javed I.H., Akram M. and Akhtar S., Germination scenario of barley genotypes to chloride and sulphate salinities of sodium, International Journal Agriculture Biology, 5, 258–261 (2003) @No $ @ @ Ramakrishna V., Mobilization of albumins and globulins during germination ofIndian bean (Dolichos lablab L. var. lignosus) seeds, Acta Botanica Croatica, 66, 135–142 (2007)@No $ @ @ Muntz K., Belozersky M.A., Dunaevsky Y.E., Schlereth A., Tiedemann J., Stored proteinases and the initiation of storage protein mobilization in seeds during germination and seedling growth, J. Exp. Bot., 52, 1741–1752 (2001)@No $ @ @ Chandna M., Sood A. and Matta N.K., Electrophoretic studies on seed proteins of the genus Lathyrus, Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 4, 121–124 (1995)@No $ @ @ Vigil E.L. and Fang T.K., Comparative biochemical and morphological changes in imbibed cotton seed hypocotyls and radicles in situ and in vivo protein breakdown and elongation growth, Seed Science Research, 5, 41–51 (1995)@No $ @ @ Savelkoul FHMG, Boer H., Tamminga S., Schepers A.J. and Elburg L., In vitro enzymatic hydrolysis of protein and protein pattern change of soya and faba beans during germination, Plant Food and Human Nutrition, 42, 275–284 (1992)@No $ @ @ Hsu D.L., Leung H.K., Morad M.M., Finney P.L. and Leung C.T., Effect of germination on electrophoretic, functional and bread baking properties of yellow pea, lentil and faba bean protein isolates (1982)@No $ @ @ Mitsuhashi W., Oaks A., Development of endopeptidase activities in maize (Zea maysL.), Plant Physiology, 104, 401–407 (1994)@No $ @ @ Ahmed F.A.R., Abdel-Rahim EAM, Abdel-Fatah O.M., Erdmann V.A. and Lippmann C., The changes of protein patterns during one week of germination of some legume seeds and roots, Food Chemistry, 52, 433–437 (1995) @No
<#LINE#>Study of Fish Diversity and Water Quality at Kasar Sai Dam, Hinjewadi, Pune, MS, India<#LINE#>S.N.@Bhalerao<#LINE#>51-55<#LINE#>9.ISCA-JBS-2012-118.pdf<#LINE#>B.R. Gholap College, Sangvi, Pune, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>11/7/2012<#LINE#>14/7/2012<#LINE#>  The Kasar Sai dam is situated near Hinjewadi, Pune. This medium sized dam is mainly constructed for irrigational purposes. It is about 20 km away from Pune city and is surrounded by hills, agricultural fields and village Kasar Sai. The present study deals with the changes in physico-chemical parameters, such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, chlorides and suspended solids. These parameters were observed and analyzed from December 2009 to October 2011 at every alternate month. Simultaneously the fish fauna along with plankton availability in the dam water was also studied. Based on the findings of the present study, the suggestions are given to increase the fish production by scientific approach.  <#LINE#> @ @ Sugunan V.V., Reservoir Fisheries of India, F.A.O. Fisheries Tech. Paper. No. 345, F.A.O. Rome (1995a) @No $ @ @ Ray A.B. and Parida N.D., Notes on the ecology of Chilka Lake and the socioeconomic condition of the Chilka  fisherman with suggestion for their improvement, Madras Journal of Fish, 7, 62-66 (1966) @No $ @ @ Sreenivasan A., The limnology of tropical impoundments, Hydrobiological feature and fish production in Stanly Reservoir, Mettur dam Indian, Rev. J. Hydrobial,51(2),295–306 (1966) @No $ @ @ Sreenivasan A., The Hydrobiological features of primary   production   and   fisheries   of   Sardar Sagar, Mettur dam for years 1958 – 65, Madras J. of Fisheries,(5), 1-6 (1979) @No $ @ @ Kanwate V.S. and Kulkarni A.N., Fish and Fisheries of Kandhar Tank, Dist. Nanded (MS), J. Aqua. Biol., 21(3), 10-13 (2006) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary Preeti, Assessment of Fish Culture in Some Fresh Water Ponds of Dhar Town, MP, India, ISCA Journal  of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 73-76 (2012) @No $ @ @ Jain S.M., Sharma Meenakshi and Thakur Ramesh, Seasonal variation in physico-chemical parameters of Halali reservoir of Vidisha district, Indian Ecobiol., 8(3), 181-188 (1996) @No $ @ @ Parihar S.S., Kumar Ajit Kumar Ajay, Gupta R.N., Pathak Manoj, Shrivastava Archana and Pandey A.C., PhysicoChemical and Microbiological Analysis of Underground Water in and Around Gwalior City, MP, India,  Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(6), 62-65 (2012) @No $ @ @ Parikh Ankita N. and Mankodi P.C., Limnology of Sama Pond, Vadodara City, Gujarat, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(1), 16 -21 (2012) @No $ @ @ APHA: Standard methods for the estimation of water and waste water, American public health association, American Wastewater Association and Water Pollution Control Federation, 21st Edn., Washington DC (2005) @No $ @ @ Trivedi R.K. and Goel P.K., Chemical and Biological Methods for Water Pollution Studies; Env. Publisher, Karad, 247 (1986) @No $ @ @ Tonapi G.T., Fresh Water Animals of India (An Ecological Approach) 341 pp. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publication Co (1980) @No $ @ @ Needham T.C. and Needham P.R., A guide to study fresh water biology, Holden Day Inc. San. Fran., 106 (1962) @No $ @ @ Talwar P.K. and Jhingran A.G., Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries, Balkemra, Rotterdam, vol. A. (1991) @No $ @ @ Jayaram K.C., The Freshwater Fishes of the Indian Region,Narendra Publishing House, Delhi, 616 (2010) @No $ @ @ Masood Ahmed and Krishnamurthy R., Hydrobiological studies of Wohar reservoir Aurangabad (Maharashtra state) India, J. Environ. Biol.,11(3), 335-343 (1990) @No $ @ @ Sinha S.N., and Biswas M., Analysis of Physico-chemical characteristics to study the  water quality of  a lake in Kalyani, West Bengal, Asian J of exp. biol. sci.,2(1), 18-22 (2011) @No $ @ @ Hujare M.S., Seasonal variation of physico-chemical parameters in the perennial tank of Talsande, Maharashtra, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit., 18(3), 233-242 (2008) @No $ @ @ Jayabhaye U.M., Pentewar M.S. and Hiware C.J., A Study on Physico-Chemical Parameters of a Minor Reservoir, Sawana, Hingoli District, Maharashtra, (2006) @No $ @ @ Tamboli R.K. and Jha Y.N., Status of Cat Fish Diversity of River Kelo and Mand in Raigarh District, CG, India  ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(1), 71-73 (2012) @No $ @ @ Patil Shilpa G., Chonde Sonal G., Jadhav Aasawari S. and Raut Prakash D., Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton Communities, Kolhapur, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(2), 56-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Goswami A.P. and Mankodi P.C., Study on Zooplankton of Fresh Water Reservoir Nyari - II Rajkot district, Gujarat, India, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(1), 30-34 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ali khuni K.H., Fish Culture in India, Farm Bulle., I.C.A.R., 20, 144 (1957) @No
<#LINE#>Biodegradation of tallowamine ethoxylate by Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112<#LINE#>@RokadeKedarB.,V.@MaliGajanan<#LINE#>56-60<#LINE#>10.ISCA-JBS-2012-119.pdf<#LINE#>JJT University, Vidyanagari, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, INDIA@Bharati Vidyapeeth’s M.B.S.K. Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Kadegaon, Dist. Sangli, MS, INDIA<#LINE#>17/7/2012<#LINE#>27/7/2012<#LINE#>  Nonionic surfactants such as alkylamine ethoxylates is generally added in insecticide formulation as an additive. Tallowamine ethoxylate is one of such additive used in the formulation of many insecticides. Large deposition of insecticide additives in agriculture farm results in the infertility of soil. The deteriorating health of soils and plants has therefore, drawn the attention of researchers as to how the soil fertility and associated activities of microorganisms can be protected. The present research work describes the biodegradation of tallowamine ethoxylate by Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112. Soil degradation study shows the complete degradation of compound with decrease in organic matter content and increase in number of soil microflora and CO evolution rate. The phytotoxicity indicates retarded growth and germination inhibition of treated seeds of Sorghum bicolor and Oryza sativa. Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112 degrades tallowamine ethoxylate into compounds like ethylenimine and acetamide which are nontoxic in nature.  <#LINE#> @ @ Uttam Kumar., Sharma P.K., and Shrivastava S.,Spectrum of insect pest complex of soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) at Lambapeepal village in Kota region, India, ISCA J Biological Sci.,1(1), 80-82 (2012) @No $ @ @ Iyer K., and Khan Z.A., Depression – A Review, Res.J. rececnt sci., 1(4),79-87(2012) @No $ @ @ Suryavanshi P., Babu S., Baghel J.K., and Suryavanshi G., Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and their Mitigation Strategies for Food Security in Agriculture: A Review, ISCA J Biological Sci., 1(3),72-77, (2012) @No $ @ @ Gerson U., Smiley R.L., Ochoa R., Mites (Acari) for Pest Control, Blackwell, Oxford, 539 (2003) @No $ @ @ Blade R.J., Peek R.J. and Cockerill, United States Patent. Pesticides, Patent no. US 5,114,940 (1992) @No $ @ @ Stewart J.F. and W.G. Brown., United States Patent. Agrochemical formulation aid composition and uses thereof. Patent no.US7,247,602 B2 (2007) @No $ @ @ Pompeo M.P., Hodge R.L., United States patent. Biocidal azole emulsion concentrates having high active ingredient content, Patent no. US 2007/0270612A1 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hansen E.J., Ada J., Williams., Hudsonville. United States Patent. Aqueous miticide containing benzyl benzoate, Patent no.6, 107,341 (2000) @No $ @ @ Merlet S., Essonnes C., Abribat B., Marques M.D.S. and Penil V.L., United States Patent.  Adjuvant compositions, Patent no.US 2011/0082037A1 (2011) @No $ @ @ Owen S.A., Sorption and biodegradation of surfactants by biofilms on river sediments, PhD thesis, University of Wales,UK (1995) @No $ @ @ Howe C.M., Berrill M., Pauli B., Helbing C.C., Werry K. and Veldhoen N.,  Toxicity of glyphosate-based pesticides to four North American frog species, Environ. Toxico.l Chem. 23, 1928–1938 (2004) @No $ @ @ Bhardwaj V., and Garg N.,Importance of Exploration of Microbial Biodiversity, ISCA J Biological Sci., 1(3), 78-83 (2012) @No $ @ @ Majumdar T., Chakraborty R. and Raychaudhuri U.,Study on Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay and Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification and Quantification of Staphylococcus aureus in Pure Culture and Food Samples,ISCA J  Biological Sci., 1(3), 30-36 (2012) @No $ @ @ Tena M. T., Rios A., Valcarcel M., and Sanchez-Alarcon M., Supercritical fluid extraction of organophosphorus pesticides from organge samples: Effect of solid additives on recovery, Chromatogr., 46(9-10), 524-528 (1997) @No $ @ @ Yosini D.,Market Segmentation for Organic Products in Bandung West Java, Indonesia, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1(3), 48-56 (2012) @No $ @ @ Schreuder R.H. and Martijn A. Determination of the composition of ethoxylated alkylamines in pesticide formulation by liquid chromatography using ion pair extraction detection,J. of Chromatogr.,368,339-350 (1986) @No $ @ @ Nakovich L., Analysis of biogenic amines by GC/FID and GC/MS,PhD thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA (2003) @No $ @ @ Day P.R., Particle fractionation and particle-size analysis, Methods of soil analysis, Part 1: American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, in Black, C.A, (eds), 545-567 (1965) @No $ @ @ Pompeo M.P. and Hodge R.L., United States patent. Biocidal azole emulsion concentrates having high active ingredient content, Patent no. US 2007/0270612A1 (2007) @No $ @ @ Latif M.A., Razzaque M.A. and Rehman, Impact of some selected insecticide application on soil microbial respiration, Pakistan J. Biol. Sci.,11(16), 2018-2022 (2008) @No $ @ @ Stewart J.F. and W.G. Brown., United States Patent. Agrochemical formulation aid composition and uses thereof. Patent no.US7, 247, 602 B2 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hales G., Dodgson K.S., White G.F., Jones N. and Watson G. K,Initial stages in the biodegradation of the surfactant sodium dodecyltriethoxy sulfate by Pseudomonas sp. strain DES1, Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,l44790-800 (1982) @No $ @ @ Suryavanshi P., Babu S., Baghel J.K. and Suryavanshi G., Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and their Mitigation Strategies for Food Security in Agriculture: A Review, ISCA J Biological. Sci., 1(3),72-77(2012) @No $ @ @ Subhani A.H., Changyong X., Zhegmiao L., Min A.M., El- Ghamry., Impact of soil environment and  agronomic practices on Microbial/Dehydrogenase enzyme activity in soil, Pakistan  J. Biol.  Sci., 4 , 333-338 (2001) @No $ @ @ Anju S.G., Jyothi K.P., Sindhu J., Suguna Y., and Yesodharan E.P.,Ultrasound assisted semiconductor mediated catalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water: Comparative efficacy of ZnO, TiO and ZnO-TiO, Res.J.Recent Sci., 1 (ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 191-201 (2012) @No $ @ @ Uttam Kumar., Sharma P.K., and Shrivastava S.,Spectrum of insect pest complex of soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) at Lambapeepal village in Kota region, India, ISCA J Biological Sci.,1(1), 80-82 (2012) @No $ @ @ Ghosh J.S. and  Rokade K.B.,  Biodegradation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazolyl- (Z)-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(tert  butoxycarbonyl) isopropoxyiminoacetate by Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,93, 753–761 (2012) @No $ @ @ Rohilla S.K.,and Salar R.K.,Isolation and Characterization of Various Fungal Strains from Agricultural Soil Contaminated with Pesticides, Res.J.Recent.Sci., 1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 297-303 (2012) @No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Distribution profile of Vibrio harveyi in Panulirus homarus<#LINE#>V.A.@Leslie,@MargaretMuthuRathinamA.,Anusha@Balasingh<#LINE#>61-64<#LINE#>11.ISCA-JBS-2012-084.pdf<#LINE#>Madras Research Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Chennai 600 028, INDIA@Department of Microbiology, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai 600 006, INDIA <#LINE#>7/6/2012<#LINE#>23/6/2012<#LINE#>Microbiological studies in lobster culture rearing system at Kovalam laboratory, Chennai was carried out for a period of 150 days.  The infected tissues, gills, gut and the exoskeleton of the diseased animal were subjected to various microbial analysis to study the distribution profile of luminous bacterial.  The total heterotrophic bacteria in the water, sediment and animal samples were also determined.  The total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 1.6 x 10 to 26.3 x 10 cfu/ml in water, 2.4 x 10-24.2 x 10 cfu/ml in sediment and 3.4 x 10 to 4.2 x 10 cfu/ml in infected animals. The Vibrio harveyi population density varied between 0.8 x 10 to 9.6 x 103 LCFU/ml in water, 1.8 x 10 to 12.5 x 10 LCFU/ml in sediment and 1.3 x 10 to 2.2 x 10 LCFU/ml in animal.  The high amount of luminescent bacteria accounted to the outbreak of tail fan necrosis in Panulirus homarus when grown in artificial rearing system.<#LINE#> @ @ Karunasagar I., Shivu M.M., Virisha S.K., Krohne G. and Karunasagar I., Biocontrol of pathogen in shrimp hatcheries using bacteriophages, Aquaculture,286, 288 – 292 (2007) @No $ @ @ Harris L., Owens L. and smith S., A selective and differential medium for V. harveyi, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62, 3548–3550 (1996) @No $ @ @ Baumann P. and Schubert R.H.W., The family U. Vibrionaceae in; Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology (Eds.: N.R. Kreig and J.G. Holt), Williams and Wilkins,  London, , 515–538 (1984) @No $ @ @ Musgrove R., Geddes M. and Thomas C., Causes of tail fan necrosis in Souther Rock Lobster, Jasus edwarsii – New Zealand, J. Mar. Freshwater Res., 39, 293-304 (2005) @No $ @ @ Porter L., Butler M. and Reeves R.H., Normal bacterial flora of spiny lobster Panulirus argus and its possible role in shell disease,  Mar. Freshwater Res., 52, 1401–1405 (2001) @No $ @ @ Barton B.A. and Iwama G.K., Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids, Annual Review of Fish Diseases, , 649-59 (1991) @No $ @ @ Barton B.A., Stress in finfish; past, present and future – a historical perspective, In: Fish stress and Health in Aquaculture, (Ed. By G.K. Iwama, A.D. Picering, J.P. Sumpter and C.B. Schreck), 1–33, Society for experimental Biology, Seminar Series 62, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1997) @No $ @ @ Thompson I., White A., Fletcher T.C., Houlihan D.F. and Secombe C.J., The effect of stress on the immune response of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) fed different diets containing different amounts of vitamin C, Aquaculture, 114, 1-18 (1993) @No $ @ @ Hall M.R. and Van Ham E.H., The effects of different types of stress on blood glucose in the giant tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon, Journal of the world Aquaculture Society,29, 290-9 (1998) @No $ @ @ Pickering A.D. and Pottinger T.G., Stress responses and disease resistence in salmonid fish: effects of chronic elevation of plasma cortisol, Fish Pathology and Biochemistry,7, 253-8 (1989) @No $ @ @ Lee D.O’C. and Wickins J.C., Crustacean Farming, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1992) @No
<#LINE#>Climbing Weeds of Agricultural Crops of District Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India<#LINE#>@DangwalL.R.,Am@Singh,eep@<#LINE#>65-68<#LINE#>12.ISCA-JBS-2012-103.pdf<#LINE#>Herbarium and Plant Systematic Lab., H.N.B. Garhwal Central University, S.R.T. Campus, Badshahithaul, Tehri Garhwal, INDIA<#LINE#>29/6/2012<#LINE#>5/7/2012<#LINE#>The present study deals with climbing weeds associated with agricultural crops of district Rajouri (J&K). The study was based on extensive and intensive field surveys made during the period 2009-2011, in different months of  Rabi and Kharif seasons. During the course of field study the authors have selected 4 important agricultural blocks in the district Rajouri i.e. Nowshera, Sunderbani, Kalakote and Thanamandi and 5 sites were selected in each block for the collection of climbing weeds. In this period the authors have reported a total of 22 climbing weeds belonging to 9 angiospermic families from both Rabi and Kharif crops of the selected sites. Out of 9 angiospermic families of climbing weeds the predominance was shown by family Convolvulaceae having 6 climbing weeds followed by family Fabaceae and Rubiaceae each represented by 4 climbing weeds. <#LINE#> @ @ Dangwal L.R., Singh A., Singh T. and Sharma A., Diversity of weed species in wheat Fields of block Nowshera district Rajouri (J&K), Indian, J. Weed Science, 43(1 and 2), 94-96 (2011)@No $ @ @ Abdul R., Anand V.K. and Jawaid S., Less known wild edible plants used by Gujjar tribe of district Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir State India, International Journal of Botany, 4(2), 219-224 (2008)@No $ @ @ Avery D.T., Saving the planet with pesticides, Biotechnology, European Farm Reform, Proc. Brighton crop Prot. Conf. Weeds, 1, 3-18 (1997)@No $ @ @ Handerson M. and Anderson J.G., Common Weeds of South Africa Memoirs of the Botanical Surveys of South Africa, N 37 Deptt., Agric, Tech., Svc Republic of South Africa (1996)@No $ @ @ Anderson W.P., Weed Science, Principles, 2nd edition, West Publ. Company (1983)@No $ @ @ Asthon F.M. and Monaco T.J., Weed Sci. Principles and Practices, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons, New York (1991)@No $ @ @ King J. Lawerence, Weeds of the World- Biology and Control, Interscience, Publishers, inc. NewYork (1996)@No $ @ @ Sharma B.M. and Kachroo P., Flora of Jammu and plants of Neighbourhood, Bishen Singh, Mahendrapal Singh, Dehradun, India (1983)@No $ @ @ Kaul M.K., Weed flora of Kashmir Valley, Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, (1986)@No $ @ @ Swami A. and Gupta B.K., Flora of Udhampur, Bishan Singh, Mahendrapal Singh, Dehradun, India (1998)@No $ @ @ Dangwal L.R., Singh A., Singh T. and Sharma C., Effects of weeds on the yield of wheat crop in tehsil Nowshera, Journal of American Science, 6(10), 405-407 (2010)@No $ @ @ Dangwal L.R., Singh A., Singh T. and Sharma A., Effect of weeds on the yield of maize crop in tehsil Nowshera district Rajouri J&K, International Journal of Current Research, 3(7), 68-70 (2011) @No
<#LINE#>Dye Yielding Plants of the Garhwal Himalaya, India: A Case Study<#LINE#>Antima@Sharma,@DangwalL.R.,Mukta@Dangwal<#LINE#>69-72<#LINE#>13.ISCA-JBS-2012-105.pdf<#LINE#>Herbarium and Plant Systematic Laboratory, Department of Botany, H.N.B. Garhwal Central University, Tehri Garhwal, INDIA@Govt. P.G. College, New  Tehri, Uttarakhand, INDIA <#LINE#>1/7/2012<#LINE#>3/7/2012<#LINE#>  Indians have been considered as forerunners in the art of natural dyeing. Natural dyes find use in the coloring of textiles, drugs, cosmetics, etc. Owing to their nontoxic effects, they are also used for coloring various food products. Although indigenous knowledge system has been practiced over the years in the past, the use of natural dyes has diminished over generations due to lack of documentation. Also there is not much information available on databases of either dye-yielding plants or their products. The present paper is based on the extensive survey, collection of ethno-botanical information and review of relevant literature on the dye yielding resources of the Garhwal Himalaya. The study reports on 46 dye yielding plants belonging to 33 families, along with their vernacular names, habit, parts used, nature of dye and distribution. The aim of the present study has been to investigate the availability of natural dye-yielding plant species in the study area and gather information on traditional knowledge system associated with extraction and use of natural dyes by the villagers. Organic dyeing not only helps preserve the traditional art of weaving and design, but also provides employment and yields economic and ecological benefits. It also describes the preparation of dyeing stuffs, use of mordant and specific dye utilization to serve various purposes, including of new dye resources. <#LINE#> @ @ Ansari A.A. and Ghana N., Some medicinal plants of Pauri, Garhwal, Himalayan Chem., Pharm. Bull,, 42-44 (1985) @No $ @ @ Badoni A.K. and Badoni, Ethnobotanical heritage, In: (O.P. Kandari and O.P.  Gusain eds), Garhwal Himalaya:  Nature, Culture and Society Transmedia, Media House, Srinagar, Garhwal, 127-147, (2001) @No $ @ @ Gaur R.D., Flora of the District Garhwal: North West Himalaya (with ethnobotanical Notes), Transmedia, Srinagar (Garhwal) (1999) @No $ @ @ Jain S.K., Ethnobotany, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 11(3), 285-292 (1986) @No $ @ @ Jain S.K., Dictionary of Indian Folk Medicine and Ethnobotany, Deep Publications, New Delhi (1991) @No $ @ @ Rawat D.S., Bhandari B.S. and Gaur R.D., Vegetation Wealth of Garhwal Himalaya, In: Kandari O.P. and Gusain O.P. (eds.), Himalaya:  Nature, Culture and Society, Transmedia, Srinagar Garhwal, 69-92 (2001) @No $ @ @ Badoni A.K., Ethno-botany of hill tribes of Uttarkashi: plants used in rituals and psycho-medicinal practices, J. Himal. Studies and Regional Develop,11-12, 103-115 (1987-1988)@No $ @ @Dangwal L.R. and Sharma A., Ethnomedicinal plants used to cure different diseases by peoples of Tehri district in the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot.,34(3), 580-585 (2010) @No $ @ @ Dangwal L.R., Sharma A. and Rana C.S., Ethnomedicinal plants of the Garhwal Himalaya used to cure various diseases: A Case Study, New York Science Journal,3(12), 28-31 (2010) @No $ @ @ 10Dangwal L.R. and Sharma A., Indigenous traditional knowledge recorded on some medicinal plant in Narendra Nagar (Tehri Garhwal), Uttarakhand, Indian Journal of Nature Products and Resources,2(1), 116-120 (2011) @No $ @ @ Gaur R.D., Traditional dye yielding plants of Uttarakhand, Natural Product Radiance, , 154-165 (2008) @No $ @ @ 2Gaur R.D, Semwal J.K., and Tiwari J.K., A survey of high altitude medicinal plants of Garhwal Himalaya, Bull. Medic. Ethnobot. Res,, 102-116 (1984) @No $ @ @ 3Gulrajani M.L., Present status of natural dye, Indian J. Fibre Text.Res, 26, 91– 201 (2001) @No $ @ @ 4Sainkhediya Jeetendra and Aske D.K., Ethnomedicinal plants used by tribal communities for the treatment of Snake bite in west Nimar, M.P, India, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(2), 77-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ 5Mahanta D. and Tiwari S.C., Natural dye-yielding plants and indigenous knowledge on dye preparation in Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India, Curr. Sci, 88, 1474–1480 (2005) @No $ @ @ 6Siva R., Status of natural dyes and dye yielding plants in India, Curr. Sci.,92(7), 916-925 (2007) @No $ @ @ 7Jain S.K. and Rao R.R., Field and Herbarium Methods. Today and Tommarow‘s Printers and Publishers, New Delhi (1997) @No $ @ @ 8Singh H.B. and Subramanyam, Field manual of Herbarium Techniques NISCAIR (CSIR) New Delhi-12 (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Anti-angiogenic properties of the Jamaican ball moss, (Tillandsia recurvata L.)<#LINE#>Lowe@HenryI.C.,Watson@CharahT.,Badal@Simone,Ateh@EugeneN.,@NgehJ.Toyang,Bryant@Joseph<#LINE#>73-76<#LINE#>14.ISCA-JBS-2012-113.pdf<#LINE#>Bio-Tech R and D Institute, Kingston, JAMAICA@Educational and Scientific Corporation, Florida, USA@Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA@Natural Products Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, JAMAICA<#LINE#>7/7/2012<#LINE#>12/7/2012<#LINE#>  The island of Jamaica is known for its rich biodiversity and its abundance of medicinal plants being used as ethno medicines.  Given the high occurrence of cancer worldwide and the major source of the discovery of new lead molecules being medicinal plants, this research undertook to investigate the anti-angiogenic properties of a chloroform extract from the Jamaican ball moss previously shown to exhibit anti-cancer properties in our lab and its dicinnamate isolates,1,3-di-O-Cinnamoyl-glycerol (D1 ) and (E)-(2-(3-(3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acryloyloxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphoniumbromide (D2) along with known chemotherapeutic drug, paclitaxel.  This was investigated using a modified version of the ex vivo aortic ring sprouting assay.  Results show that angiogenesis was reduced in the presence of the chloroform crude extract at 20 µg.ml and 30 µg/ml and also in the presence of D1 at 10 µg/ml and 20 µg/ml when compared to the control.  The results substantiate the promising anti-cancer properties of the Jamaican ball moss and may prove useful in anti-cancer agents’ drug discovery. <#LINE#> @ @ Ministry of Health, Epidemiological profile of selected health conditions and services in Jamaica 1990-2002. Vital statistics report 2002, Registrar General's Dept.(2005) @No $ @ @ American Cancer Society, Global cancer facts and figures 2007 Atlanta: American cancer society, Available at http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/ @No $ @ @ nho/documents/document/globalfactsandfigures2007rev2p.pdf. (2007) @No $ @ @ Reinberg S., Cancer killed almost 8 million worldwide in (2007) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization, Cancer, Available at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/Retrieved on 2007-06-25(2006) @No $ @ @ Boyle P. and Levin B., World cancer report, In Available at http://apps.who.int/ bookorders/anglais/ detart1.jsp?sesslan=1&codlan=1&codcol=76&codcch=26Lyon: IARC Press(2008) @No $ @ @ Wang S., Zheng Z., Weng Y., Yu Y., Zhang D., Fan W., Dai R., Hu Z., Angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis activity of chinese medicinal herbal extracts, Life Sciences, 74, 2467-2478 (2004) @No $ @ @ Hanahan D., Folkman J., Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis, Cell., 86, 353-364 (1996) @No $ @ @ Rosner H., Williams L.A.D., Jung A. and Kraus W., Disassembly of microtubules and inhibition of neurite outgrowth, neuroblastoma cell proliferation and map kinase tyrosine dephosphorylation by dibenzyl trisulphide. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta.,1540, 166-177 (2001) @No $ @ @ Williams L.A., Rosner H., Levy H.G., Barton E.N., A critical review of the therapeutic potential of dibenzyl triphide isolated from petiveria alliacea l. (guinea hen weed, anamu), West Indian Med J., 56, 17-21 (2007) @No $ @ @ Williams L.A.D., Anti-proliferation/cytotoxic action of dibenzyl trisulphie, a secondary metabolite of petiveria alliacea,Jamaican Journal of Science and technology, 15, 54-60 (2004) @No $ @ @ Mitchell S. and Ahmad M., A review of medicinal plant research at the University of the West Indies, jamaica, 1948-2001, West Indies Medical Journal, 55, 243-269 (2006) @No $ @ @ Shaziya B. and Goyal P.K., Anthelmintic effect of natural plant (carica papaya) extract against the gastrointestinal nematode, ancylostoma caninum in mice, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, , 2-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Jitendra M., Monika S., Dev Ratan S.D., Priyanka G., Priyanka S. and Jayraj Kiran J.D., Micropropagation of an anti-diabetic plant - stevia rebaudiana bertoni, (natural sweetener) in hadoti region of south-east rajasthan, India, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, , 37-42 (2012) @No $ @ @ Félicien A., Alain A.G., Sébastien A.T., Fidele T.,Boniface1 Y., Chantal M. and Dominique S., Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil extracted from the fresh leaves of chromolaena odorata (l. Robinson) growing in benin, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, , 7-13 (2012) @No $ @ @ Aweng E.R., Hanisah1 N., Mohd Nawi M.A., Nurhanan Murni M., Shamsul M.S., Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of vitex trifolia var, simplicifolia associated with anticancer, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, , 65-68 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hegde C.R., Madhuri M., Nishitha S.T., Arijit D., Sourav B., Rohit K.C., Evaluation of antimicrobial properties, phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacities of leaf extracts of punica granatum l, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, , 32-37 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shachi S., Antimitotic activity of a new compound isolated from the flower of prosopis juliflora,Research Journal of Recent Sciences, , 22-26 (2012) @No $ @ @ Alam E.A., Initiation of pharmaceutical factories depending on more application of biotechnology on some medicinal plants review article (in vitro production of some antioxidant, analgesic, antibacterial, antidiabetic agents), Research Journal of Recent Sciences, , 398-404 (2012) @No $ @ @ Gordaliza M., Natural products as leads to anticancer drugs, ClinTransl Oncol, , 767-776 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lowe H., Anti-tumour and anti-inflammatory extracts of plant biomass and their uses (2010) @No $ @ @ 1.Benzing D., The biology of the bromeliads (1980) @No $ @ @ Agra M., Silva K., Basilio I., Freitas P. and Barbosa-Filho J., Survey of  medicinal plants used in the region northeast of brazil, Brazilian J. Pharmacognosy, 18(2008) @No $ @ @ Grant D.S., Williams T.L., Zahaczewsky M. and Dicker A.P., Comparison of antiangiogenic activities using paclitaxel (taxol) and doxetaxel (taxotere), International Journal of Cancer, 104, 121-129 (2003) @No $ @ @ Folkman J., Therapeutic implications, Tumour angiogenesis: New England Journal Medicine, 285, 1182-1186 (1971) @No $ @ @ Pasquier E., Carre´ M., Pourroy B., Camoin L., Reba¨ O., Briand C. and Braguer D., Antiangiogenic activity of paclitaxel is associated with its cytostatic effect, mediated by the initiation but not completion of a mitochondrial apoptotic signalling pathway, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, , 1301-1310 (2004) @No $ @ @ Folkman J., Anti-angiogenesis: New concept for therapy of solid tumours, Ann. Surg., 175, 409-416 (1972) @No $ @ @ Algire G.H. and Challdey H.W., Vascular reactions of normal and malignant tissues in vivo, I. Vascular reactions of mice to wounds and to normal and neoplastic implants, J. Natl. Cancer Inst., , 73-85 (1945) @No $ @ @ Greenblatt M. and Shubik P., Tumor angiogenesis:Transfilter diffusion studies in the hamster by transparent chamber technique, J. Natl. Canc. Inst., 41, 111-124 (1968) @No $ @ @ Lau D.H., Xue L., Young L.J., Burke P.A., Cheung A.T., Paclitaxel (taxol): An inhibitor of angiogenesis in a highly vascularized transgenic breast cancer, Cancer Biother Radiopharm,14, 31-36 (1999) @No
<#LINE#>Effect of Dimethoate on Testicular Histomorphology of the Earthworm Eudichogaster Kinneari (Stephenson)<#LINE#>Leena@Lakhani,@KhatriAmrita,Preeti@Choudhary<#LINE#>77-80<#LINE#>15.ISCA-JBS-2012-117.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Zoology, Govt. Girls PG College, Ujjain, MP, INDIA<#LINE#>11/7/2012<#LINE#>18/7/2012<#LINE#>  Adult Eudichogaster kinneari were exposed to a safe concentration (0.6 ppm) of Dimethoate for twenty days to evaluate the effects on different stages of spermatic follicles. Chronic exposure of above insecticide severely affected the spermatogenesis causing vacuolization and liquefaction of spermatic follicles, uneven arrangement of spermatozoa around the cytophore and ultimate atrophy of spermatic follicles. Size reduction of spermatic follicles (p0.001) as well as changes in histochemical reactions were also observed. <#LINE#> @ @ Barley K.P. and Jennings, A.C., Earthworms and soil fertility, The influence of earthworms on the availability of nitrogen, Aust. J. Agricultural Research, 10, 364-370  (1959)@No $ @ @ Satchell J. E. , Soil biology , Academic press , London and New York , 259-322 (1967) @No $ @ @ Fingerman M., Pollution our enemy-Keynote address, Proc. Symp. Physiol. Res. Animal pollution, 1(VI), (1984) @No $ @ @ Sareen M.L. and Verma V., morphological and cytochemical studies of the vitellogenesis in Eisenia foetida,  Res. Bull. Punjab University, 27, 41-49 (1976) @No $ @ @ Kulkarni G.K., Anand C.S.K. and Rao A.B., Effect of some pesticides on the gametogenesis of a fresh water leech Hirudo birmanica, Proc. Nat. Symp. Ecotoxico.l, 54-57 (1987)@No $ @ @ Sagar C.R., Impact of some pesticidal pollutants on the physiological activities of a freshwater leech poecilobdella granulosa, Ph.D. Thesis, Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India (1989) @No $ @ @ Lakhani L., Bhatnagar B.S. and Pandey A.K., Effect of monocrotophos on the ovary of the earthworm Eudichogaster kinneari (Stephenson): A histological and histochemical profile, J. Reprod. Bio. Comp. Endocrinol.,3(1), 39-46 (1991) @No $ @ @ Lakhani L., Effect of certain insecticides on neuroendocrine system and gonads in an earthworm Eudichogaster kinneari (Stephenson), Ph.D. Thesis, Vikram University, Ujjain, India (1992) @No $ @ @ Lakhani L., Effect of Endosulfan on ovary of the Earthworm Eudichogaster kinneari (Stephenson): A histological and histochemical profile, Res. Hunt, 2(II), 24-31 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lakhani L. and Khatri A., Effect of Rogor on the ovary of the Earthworm Eudichogaster kinneari, A histological and histochemical profile, J.E.R.D., 2(3), 378-385 (2008) @No $ @ @ Cikutovic M.A., Fitzpatrick L.C., Venables B.S. and Goven  A.J., sperm count in earthworms as a biomarker for environmental toxicology: Effect of cadmium and chlordane, Environmental pollution,81(2), 123-125 (1993) @No $ @ @ Espinoza-Navaroo O. and Bustos E., Sublethal doses of malathion after male reproductive parameters of Eisenia foetida, Int.J.Morphology, 22, 297-302 (2004) @No $ @ @ Sorvour J. and Larink O., Toxic effects of benomyl on the ultrastructure during spermatogenesis of the earthworm Eisenia foetida, Ecotoxicol. and Environ. safety, 50(3), 180-188 (2001) @No $ @ @ Bustos-Obregon E. and Goicochea R.I., Pesticide soil contamination mainly affects earthworm male reproductive parameters, Asian J. Andrology4(3), 195-199 (2002) @No $ @ @ Navaroo O. and bustos-obregon E., Effect of malathion on  the male reproductive organs of earthworm Eisenia foetida, Asian J. Andrology, 7(1), 97-101 (2005) @No $ @ @ Zohu Q.X., Zhang Q.R. and Laing J.D., Toxic effects of acetochlor and metha midophos on earthworm Eisenia foetida, J.Enviorn. sciences, 18(4)741-745 (2006) @No $ @ @ Yasmin S. and D’souza D., Effect of perticides on the reproductive output of Eisenia foetida, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 79(5), 529-532 (2007) @No $ @ @ Yasmin S. and D’souza D., Effect of pesticides on growth and reproduction of earthworm: A Review, Applied and Environmental soil science (2010) @No $ @ @ Gupta S.K. and saxena P.N., carbaryl induced behavioural and reproductive abnormalities in the earthworm Metaphire posthuma: a sensitive model, Alternatives to laboratory animals, 31(6), 587-5 (2010) @No $ @ @ Correia F.V. and Moreira J.C., Effect of glyphosate and 2,4-D on earthworms Eisenia foetida, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 85(3), 264-8 (2010) @No $ @ @ Santos M.J, Ferreira M.F, Cachada A., Duarte A.C., and Sousa J.P., Pesticide application to agricultured fields: Effect on the reproduction and avoidance behaviour of folsomia candida and Eisenia andrej, Ecotoxicol., (2012) @No $ @ @ Wang J.H., Zhu L.S., Liu W., Wang J. and Xie H., Biochemical responces of earthworm E. foetida to pesticide chlorpyrifos and fenvalerate, J.Toxocol. Mech. Methods, 22(3), 236-41 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kale R.D. and Krishnamurthy R.V., Residual effects of sevin on the Acetyle cholinesterase activity of the nervous system of earthworm P. corethurus, curr. Science, 51(8), 885-886  (1982) @No