@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Prospective use of Tephrosia Purpurea in Remedial Treatment of PCOS: Study in Wistar Rat<#LINE#>AnuradhaJitendra@Patel,AkankshaPravin@Thakor<#LINE#>1-6<#LINE#>1.ISCA-JBS-2012-029.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Bhavans College, Andheri, Mumbai University, Mumbai, INDIA@Department of Biotechnology, N.B. Mehta Science College, Bordi, Mumbai University, Mumbai, INDIA<#LINE#>27/4/2012<#LINE#>16/6/2012<#LINE#>  This study evaluates the potential of an herbal plant Tephrosia purpurea, in treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using a rat model. The study used female Albino Wistar rats, which were divided into four groups, each consisting of 5 female rats. A control group, daily received 1% CMC (carboxymethylcellulose), while the other three groups for 28 days were once, daily administered, letrozole at concentration of 1mg/kg body weight, dissolved in 1% CMC 2ml/kg. Vaginal smears were collected daily from all the groups and studied for the estrous cycle. During 28 days of administration of letrozole, changes in estrous cycle were observed. The study indicated that PCOS was induced. After letrozole treatment, five animals of group 2 were treated orally with plant drug Tephrosia purpurea at a concentration of 200mg/kg body weight in milk as a carrier vehicle, 3ml/kg weight for 3 consecutive estrous cycles, vaginal smear were examined, it showed normalcy in estrous cycle sequence. Further, to check ovulation and fertility, female rats were mated and they showed pregnancy. Thus the potential of Tephrosia purpurea, in treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using an animal model is confirmed. <#LINE#> @ @ Fallon L.F., Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Gale encyclopaedia of medicine, Gale group (2006) @No $ @ @ Shearman R., Clinical Reproductive Endocrinology, Churchill Livingstone, Inc, New York (1985) @No $ @ @ Speroff L., Glass R.H. and Kase N.G., Clinical Endocrinology, Willams and Wilkins, USA, 6 (1999) @No $ @ @ Janssen O.E., Mehlmauer N., Hahn S., Offner A.H. and Gartner R., High prevalence of autoimmune thyrodities in patient with polycystic ovary syndrome, European journal of Encyclopedia150 (2004) @No $ @ @ Zarger A.H., Gupta V.K.,   Wani A.I., Masoodi S.R.,   Bashir M.I.,  Laway B.A., Ganie M.A.  and  Salahuddin M., Prevalence of ultra sonography proved polycystic ovaries in North Indian Women with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology,35, 3 (2005) @No $ @ @ Craig W.J., Health Promoting Properties of common herb,A.M.J Clin. Nutr.,70, 491-499 (1999) @No $ @ @ Hans Peter W., Deute M. and Imilda E., Chemoprevention of tobacco smoke induced lung Carcinogenesis in mice,Carcinogenesis,21, 977-82 (2000) @No $ @ @ Joshi S.G. and Oleacea I.N.,  Medicinal plants, New Delhi: Oxford and IBH publishing Co-Pvt Ltd. 211 (2000) @No $ @ @ Deshpande S.S., Shah G.B. and Parmar N.S., Antiulcer activity of Tephrosia purpurea in rats, Indian J. Pharmaco, –Biochem Biophy,110, 119-30 (1968) @No $ @ @ Saleem M., Ahemed S. and Sultana S., Tephrosia Purpurea alleviates phorbol ester tumor promotion responses in murine skin Pharmacol  comm., 5, 455-61 (1999) @No $ @ @ Charak Samita Sutrasthan, 28, 319, (1997) @No $ @ @ Khare P., Encyclopedia of Indian Medicinal Plants, Springer-verlag Berllin Heidel Berg, Newyork, (2004) @No $ @ @ Nadkarni A.K., Indian Meteria Medica, Popular Prakashan Private limited, Bombay, 3,  (1982) @No $ @ @ Kafali H., Iriadam M., Ozardali I. and Demir N., Letrozole induced polycystic ovaries in the rat: A new model for Cystic ovarian diseases, Archives of medical research, official journal,35,  (2004) @No $ @ @ Prakash M. and Arora C.K., Encyclopedia of Laboratory Techniques Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd.,47 (1998) @No $ @ @ Sharma S. and Thakur N., Study on Self-Medication and Self Diet-Management by Women of Indore City, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 354-356 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Chemical composition and Biological activities of the Essential oil extracted from the Fresh leaves of Chromolaena odorata (L. Robinson) growing in Benin<#LINE#>Félicien@Avlessi,Alain@AlitonouGuy,Sébastien@DjenontinT.,Fidele@Tchobo,Boniface@Yèhouénou,@MenutChantal,Dominique@Sohounhloué<#LINE#>7-13<#LINE#>2.ISCA-JBS-2012-041.pdf<#LINE#>Lab. d’Etude et de Recherche en Chimie Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou BENIN@Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM UMR, CNRS-UM1-UM2, ENSCM, rue de l’Ecole Normale, Montpellier cedex, FRANCE<#LINE#>10/5/2012<#LINE#>28/5/2012<#LINE#>  The chemical composition of the essential oil of Chromolaena odorata(L. Robinson) (Asteraceae) of leaves collected in Benin was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty three compounds were identified and quantified in the essential oil, which represented 99.4 % of the total constituents. The main constituents found in the oil were -pinene (20.7%), pregeijerene (14.6%), geijerene (12.0%), -pinene (10.3%), germacrene-D (9.7%). The antibacterial activitiy of this oil was found to be relevant while the antifungal and antiradical activities were low. <#LINE#> @ @ Ahmad M. and Nabi M.N., Chemical investigations on the leaves of Eupatoriumodoratum, Sci. Res. Dacca, Pakistan,, 154-157 (1967) @No $ @ @ Talapatra S.K., Bhar D.S, Talapatra B., Terpenoids and related compounds, Part XIII. Indian J. Chem.,15B, 806-807 (1977) @No $ @ @ Hai M.A., Saha K. and Ahmad M.U., Chemical constituents of Eupatoriumodoratum Linn. (Compositae), J. Bangladesh Chem. Soc.,, 139-142 (1995) @No $ @ @ Wollenweber E., Dörr M. and Muniappan R., Exudate flavonoids in a tropical weed, Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King et H. Robinson. Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 23, 873-874 (1995) @No $ @ @ Wollenweber E. and Roitman J.N., A novel methyl ether of quercetagetin from Chromolaena odorata leaf exudates, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 24, 479-480 (1996) @No $ @ @ Biller A., Boppre M., Witte L. and Hartmann T., Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Chromolaena odorata. Chemical and chemoecological aspects, Phytochemistry,35, 615-619(1994) @No $ @ @ Inya-Agha S.I., Oguntimein B.O., Sofowora A. and Benjamin T.V., Phytochemical and antibacterial studies on the essential oil of Eupatorium odoratum, Int. J. Crude Drug Res, 25 49-52 (1987) @No $ @ @ Lamaty G., Menut C., Zollo P.H.A., Kuiate J.R., Bessière J.M., Quamba J.M. and Silou T., Aromatic plants of tropical Central Africa, IV, Essential oil of Eupatorium  odoratum L. from Cameroon and Congo, J. Essent. Oil Res., , 101-105 (1992) @No $ @ @ Bamba D., Bessière J.M., Marion L., Pelissier Y. and Fouraste I., Essential oil of   Eupatorium odoratum.  Planta Med., 59, 184-185 (1993) @No $ @ @ Baruah R.N. and Leclercq P.A., Constituents of essential oil from the flowers of Chromolaena odorata. Planta Med.,59, 283 (1993) @No $ @ @ ISCA J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 1312.Chowdhury A.R., Essential oils of the leaves of Eupatorium odoratum L. from Shillong (N. E.), J. Essen. Oil-Bearing Plants, , 14-18 (2002) @No $ @ @ 3.Sohounhloué K.D., Dangou J., Djossou L.G., Gnonhossou B.and Sagbo A.U., Chemical composition of the essential oil of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robins collected in Houin (Benin), J. Soc. Ouest-Afr. Chim.,, 75-82 (1996) @No $ @ @ 4.Pamo E.T., Amvam Zollo P.H., Tendonkeng F., Kana J.R., Fongang M.D.et Tapondjou L.A., Composition chimique et effet acaricide des huiles essentielles des feuilles de Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robins. et d' Eucalyptussaligna Smith. sur les tiques (Rhipicephalus lunulatus Neumann) de la chèvre naine de Guinée dans l'Ouest-Cameroun, Livestock Research for rural Development, http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd16/9/tedo16071.ht. (2004) @No $ @ @ 5.Noudogbessi J-P., Kossou D. and Sohounhloué D.C.K,  Composition chimique et Propriétés Physico-Chimiques des Huiles Essentielles de Pimenta racemosa (Miller) et de Chromolaena odorata (L. Robinson) Acclimatées au Bénin, J. Soc. Ouest-Afr. Chim.,026, 11–19 (2006) @No $ @ @ 6.Bouda H., Tapondjou L.A., Fontem D.A. and Gumedzoe M.Y.D., Effect of essential oils from leaves of Ageratum conyzoides, Lantana camara and chromolaenaodorata on the mortality of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), Journal of  Stored Products Research, 37, 2, 103-109 (2001) @No $ @ @ 7.Noudogbessi J-P., Kossou D., Sohounhloué D.C.K,  Effet Insecticide, Ovicide et Larvicide des Huiles Essentielles de Pimenta racemosa (Miller) et de Chromolaena odorata (L. Robinson) sur le Grand Capucin (Prostephanus truncatus(Horn)) du Maïs, J. Soc. Ouest-Afr. Chim. 26, 41 – 51 2008)18.Kra K.D., Diallo H.A. and Et Kouadio Y.J.,  Activités antifongiques de l’extrait de Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robins sur deux isolats de Fusariumoxysporum(E.F. Sm.) responsables du jaunissement mortel des feuilles des bananiers, J. Appl. Biosci.,24, 1488 – 1496 2009)19.Adams R.P., Identification of essential oil components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, 4th edition, Allured Publishing Corporation Carol Stream, IL (2007) @No $ @ @ 20.Joulain D. and König W.A., The Atlas of Spectral data sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, E B Verlag, Hamburg (1998) @No $ @ @ 21.Yehouenou B., Wotto D.V., Sessou P., Noudogbessi J.P. and Sohounhloue D.C.K., Chemical study and antimicrobial activities of volatile extracts from fresh leaves of Crassocephalum rubens (Juss and Jack.) S. More against food borne pathogens, Scientific Study and Research,11(3), 343 – 351 (2010) @No $ @ @ 22.Samson A., Hoekstra E., Frisvad J.C. and Filtenborg O., Introduction to food-borne fungi. Copyright 1995 Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (1995) @No $ @ @ 3.Khallil A.R., Phytofungitoxic properties in the aqueous extracts of some plants, Pakistan J. Biol. Sci., 4(4), 392-394 (2001) @No $ @ @ 4.Chang S.T., Wang S.Y., Wu. C.L, Chen P.F. and Kuo Y.H., Comparison of the antifungal activity of cadinane skeletal sesquiterpenoids from Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata) heartwood, Holzforschung, 54, 241-245 (2000) @No $ @ @ 5.Alitonou G.A., Koudoro A.Y., Dangou S.J., Yehouenou B., Avlessi F., Adeoti S., Menut C. and Sohounhloue D.K.C., Volatile constituents and biological activities of essential oil from Securidaca longepedunculata Fers. growing in Benin, Scientific Study and ResearchChemistry and Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, Food Industry, 13(1), 033–042 (2012) @No $ @ @ 6.Mellors A. and Tappel A.L., The inhibiton of mitochondrial peroxidation by ubiquinone and ubiquinol, J. Biol Chem , 241,4353-4356 (1996) @No $ @ @ 7.Avlessi F., Alitonou G.,  Sohounhloue D.K., Menut C. and Bessière J.M., Aromatic Plants of Tropical West Africa. Part XIV. Chemical and Biological Investigation of Lippia multiflora Mold. essential oil from Benin, J. Essent. Oil Res., 17, 405-407 (2005) @No $ @ @ 8.Alitonou G., Avlessi F., Sohounhloue D.C.K., Bessiere J.M. and Menut C., Chemical and Biological lnvestigation on Volatile Constituents of Pentadesma butyracea Sabin (Clusiaceae) From Benin, J. Essent. Oil Res., 22, 138 – 140 (2010) @No $ @ @ 9.Smith P.A., Stewart J. and Fyfe L., The potential application of plant essential oils as natural food preservatives in soft cheese, J. Food Microbiology, 18, 463-470 (2001) @No $ @ @ 30.Burt S., Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in food-areview, Int. J. Food Microbiol., 94, 223-253 (2004) @No $ @ @ 31.Medoff G., The mechanism of action of amphotericin B, International Symposium on Aspergillus and      Aspergillosis, In H. Vander Bossche (ed), Plenum Press New-York, NY, 161-164 (1988) @No
<#LINE#>Survey on Drug Resistant Pattern of Clinical Isolates and Effect of Plant Extract on the Drug Resistant Pattern<#LINE#>K.@Radha,R.@Mahima,@RamanathanG.,Thangap@,V.@ian<#LINE#>14-19<#LINE#>3.ISCA-JBS-2012-043.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Ayya Nadar Janaki ammal College, Sivakasi, Tamilnadu, INDIA@Department of Microbiology, V.H.N.S.N College, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, INDIA <#LINE#>11/5/2012<#LINE#>13/6/2012<#LINE#>  Drug resistance is an emerging fact of the human beings leading to an increase in mortality rate. For this instance clinical samples were collected such as urine, pus, sputum, and catheter samples from private clinical laboratories, Madurai. The following organisms were isolated and characterized as E. coli (49/111), Klebsiella pneumonia (28/111), proteus mirabilis (8/111), pseudomonas aeruginosa (18/111) and staphylococcus aureus (8/111). Further these clinical isolates were subjected to SDS treatment or pomegranate extract treatment for plasmid curing and continued with antibiotic susceptibility test. In our present study, ceftriaxone was found to be more active than any other antibiotics. On the contrary, penicillin G was found to be inactive against all the clinical isolates. The plasmid DNA was separated by agarose gel electrophoresis in E. coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus resistant organisms, which was examined as multidrug resistance was taken into account for molecular characterization of gene responsible. The plasmids were cured in all the isolates by sodium dodeyl sulphate (or) pomegranate extract. There was no correlation between plasmid pattern and their antibiogram. <#LINE#> @ @ Lalitha, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 16th informational supplement CLSI/NCCLS M100-S16, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne Pennsylvania, USA (2006) @No $ @ @ Hooton T.M. and Levy S.B., Antimicrobial résistance - a plan of action for community practice, Ame. Fam. Physician.,63(6), 1087-1098 (2001) @No $ @ @ Michaelrecht I., Stephen H. and Joseph P., Basis for prokaryotic specificity of action of aminoglycoside antibiotics, J. Biol .chem.,18(11), 3133-3138 (1999) @No $ @ @ William J.S.D. and  Cavanag H.P., Ampicillin resistant Haemophihs infuenzaemeningitis, Lancet.,1, 864 (1974) @No $ @ @ Yah S.C., Eghafona N.O. and Forbi J.C., Plasmid borne antibiotics resistance markers of Serratia marcescens an increased prevalence in HIV/AIDS patients, Sci. Res. Essay., 3(1), 28 – 34 (2006) @No $ @ @ ISCA J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 196.Yunfeng L.G., Changjiang J., Yang J., Wei. J. Xu and Cheng S., Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract, Food Chem., 96, 254-260 (2006) @No $ @ @ Thring T.S., Hili P. and Naughton  D.P., Anti-collagenase,anti-elastase and anti-oxidant activities of extracts from 21 plants, BMC Com. and Alt Medi.,9(2), 17-27 (2009) @No $ @ @ Burapadaja S.B., Jamroendararasame  and  Sanguansermsri J., Improvement of consumer’s understanding of drug leaflet content, Chiang Mai Univ. J., 1(3), 273-288 (2002) @No $ @ @ Mahgoub M.A. and Safaa E.A., Protective effect of pomegranate peel ethanol extract against ferric nitrilotriacetate induced renal oxidative damage in rats, J. Cell and Molecular Biol., 7(2) and 8(1), 35-43 (2010) @No $ @ @ Balows A. and Hausler William J., Increased recovery of enteric pathogens by use of both stool and rectal swab specimens, Man.Clin.Micro., 5(1), 276 (1991) @No $ @ @ Bauer A.W.,  Kirby W., M.M., Sheris J.C. and Turc K.M., Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method, Am.J.Clin.Pathol., 45, 493-496 (1966) @No $ @ @ Sambrook J., Fritsch E.F. and Maniatis T., Molecular cloning: A Laboratory manual.,2(1), 1:31 to 1:37 (1989) @No $ @ @ Jahir A.K. and Sibyl B., A Study on Partial Purification and Characterization of Extracellular Alkaline Amylases from Bacillus Megaterium by Solid State Fermentation, Inter.J.App.Bio.&Pharm.Tech., 2(3), (2011) @No $ @ @ Melendez P.A. and Capriles V.A., Antibacterial properties of tropical plants from Puerto Rico, Phytomedicine., 13, 272-276 (2006) @No $ @ @ Jayababu M., Introductory Practical Microbiology.,4 (2007) @No $ @ @ Yah S.C., Eghafona N.O. and Forbi J.C., Plasmid borne antibiotics resistance markers of Serratia marcescens: an increased prevalence in HIV/AIDS patients, Sci. Res. Essay.,3(1)28–34 (2008) @No $ @ @ Prajapati A., Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activity Studies of 5-Nitro N’ - [Arylidenhydrazidomethyl Indole] 2-(Substituted Aryl) -3-(N’-Indolyl Acetamiddyl)-4- Oxothiazolidines, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 99-104 (2012) @No $ @ @ 8.Mangale S.M., Chonde S.G. and Raut P.D., Use of Moringa Oleifera (Drumstick) seed as Natural Absorbent and an Antimicrobial agent for Ground water Treatment, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(3), 31-40 (2012) @No $ @ @ 19.Karbasizaed V., Naser B. and Giti E., Antimicrobial, heavy metal resistance and plasmid profile of coliforms isolated from nosocomial infections in a hospital in Isfahan, Iran, Afr.J. Biotech., 2(10), 379-383 (2003) @No $ @ @ 0.Prashanth D., Asha M.K. and Amit A., Antibacterial activity of Punica granatum L. Fitoterapia.,72, 171-173 (2001) @No $ @ @ 1.Jahir A.K. and Sonali H., Antibacterial properties of Punicia Granatum peels, Inter.J.App.biol and pharm. tech., 2(3),15-18 (2011) @No $ @ @ Nakade Dhanraj B., Antibiotic sensitivity of common Bacterial Pathogens against selected Quinolones, ISCA J. Biological Sci.,1(1), 77-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ 3.Hegde Chaitra R., Madhuri M., Swaroop T., Nishitha Das Arijit, Bhattacharya Sourav and Rohit K.C., Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties, Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Leaf Extracts of Punica granatum, L. ISCA J. Biological Sci.,1(2), 32-37 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Phylogenetic Studies on tRNA Dependent Amidotransferase from Plasmodium Falciparum<#LINE#>T.K.@Bhatt<#LINE#>20-24<#LINE#>4.ISCA-JBS-2012-046.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, INDIA<#LINE#>14/5/2012<#LINE#>21/5/2012<#LINE#>  Malaria remains the major concern in most of the developing countries. It is caused by the protozoan, Plasmodium, which is a member of apicomplexan. This family is characterized by the presence of plastid like structure known as apicoplast. Proteins and metabolic pathways of plastid are more like bacterial one. Protein tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (PfAdT) is one of the many proteins encoded by nuclear genome and targeted towards apicoplast. In this study, we have performed the phylogenetic analysis of tRNA-dependent amidotransferase with respect to other species from all the three domains of life. Results showed the closeness of PfAdT to the archaeal and human mitochondrial homolog. We hope that this observation would be valuable in defining evolutionary history of parasite and also in designing new chemotherapy against malaria parasite.   <#LINE#> @ @ Ibba M. and Söll D., Aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis, Annu Rev Biochem., 69, 617–650 (2000) @No $ @ @ Schimmel P. et al., An operational RNA code for amino acids and possible relationship to genetic code, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 90, 8763–8768 (1993) @No $ @ @ Schimmel P. and Ribas de Pouplana L., Transfer RNA: from minihelix to genetic code Cell, 81, 983–986 (1995) @No $ @ @ Lapointe J. et al., A single glutamyl-tRNA synthetase aminoacylates tRNAGlu and tRNAGln in Bacillus subtilis and efficiently misacylates Escherichia coli tRNAGln1 in vitro, J Bacteriol., 165, 88–93 (1986) @No $ @ @ Wilcox M. et al., Glutamyl phosphate attached to glutamyl specific tRNA, Eur J Biochem.,11, 405–412 (1969) @No $ @ @ Curnow A.W. et al., Archaeal-type lysyl-tRNA synthetase in the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, Proc Nat. Acad Sci U S A., 94, 14383–14388 (1997) @No $ @ @ Sheppard K. et al., On the evolution of the tRNA-dependent amidotransferases, GatCAB and GatDE, Journal of Molecular Biology, 377, 831–844 (2008) @No $ @ @ Frechin M. et al., Translating organellar glutamine codons: a case by case scenario? RNA Biology, 6(1), 31-34 (2009) @No $ @ @ Wu J. et al., Insights into tRNA-dependent amidotransferase evolution and catalysis from the structure of the Aquifex aeolicus enzyme,  Journal of Molecular Biology, 391, 703–716 (2009) @No $ @ @ Kaur H. et al., Glutathione Degradation by the Alternative Pathway (DUG Pathway) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Initiated by (Dug2p-Dug3p)2 Complex, a Novel Glutamine Amidotransferase (GATase) Enzyme Acting on Glutathione, J. Biol. Chem., 287, 8920-8931 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bhaskaran H. and Perona J.J., Two-Step Aminoacylation of tRNA without Channeling in Archaea, Journal of Molecular Biology, 413, 292–293 (2011) @No $ @ @ Bhatt T.K. et al., A genomic glimpse of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, BMC Genomics, 10, 644 (2004) @No $ @ @ Cooke B.M. et al., Protein trafficking in Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells, Trends Parasitol., 20, 581-589 (2004) @No $ @ @ Waller R.F. and  McFadden G.I., The apicoplast: a review of the derived plastid of apicomplexan parasites, Curr Issues Mol Biol.,7, 57-79 (2005) @No $ @ @ Bhatt T.K., In-Silico Structure Determination of Protein Falstatin from Malaria Parasite Plasmodium Falciparum, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(4), 68-71 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bhatt T.K., Structural Studies on Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase from Plasmodium Falciparum, ISCA J. Biological Sci.,1(1), 42-46 (2012) @No $ @ @ Saitou N. and Nei M. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4, 406-425 (1987) @No
<#LINE#>Screening of Repellent, Termiticidal and Preventive activities on Wood, of Azadirachta indica and Carapa procera (Meliaceae) seeds oils<#LINE#>S.@DjenontinTindo,N.@Amusant,J.@Dangou,D.V.@Wotto,F.@Avlessi,E.@Dahouénon-Ahoussi,P.@Lozano,@PiochD.,K.C.D.@Sohounhloué<#LINE#>25-29<#LINE#>5.ISCA-JBS-2012-072.pdf<#LINE#>1Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche en Chimie Appliquée (LERCA), Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey – Calavi (EPAC), Cotonou, BENIN@CIRAD, UMR 016 GPEB, Montpellier, FRANCE@CIRAD, UMR ECOFOG, Equipe Matériaux et Molécules, Kourou, FRANCE@CIRAD, UR 40 Tropical Wood Products, Biorefinery team, Montpellier, FRANCE<#LINE#>1/6/2012<#LINE#>6/6/2012<#LINE#>  To avoid environmental pollution and health problems caused by traditional wood preservatives or synthetic pesticides which are becoming more restricted to use, there is an increasing search of naturally occurring toxicants from plants. Extractives of phytobiomass having termiticidal activity can be used as low hazard termite control agents. Meliaceae species are well represented in Africa and cover a size range from magnificent forest trees to small shrubs. They have a wide range of uses in ethno medicine, prompting further investigations for biological activity due to the variety of isolated compounds. In the present article the termiticidal activities of Azadirachta indica and Carapa procera (Meliaceae) seeds oils (AISO and CPSO) are screening by no-choice test and standard test EN 118 (2005). Only AISO shows a promising termiticidal activity and both oils have shown a promising repellent activity. AISO and CPSO have the same preventive activity by standard test EN 118 (3: moderate attacks). Additional work will be undertaken to check whether some seeds extracts (non timber products from sustainable management of native forest) could show even higher termiticidal activity under more adverse conditions (polar solvents, cold temperature extraction under pressure) and could be alternative active natural products to synthetic compounds.  <#LINE#> @ @ Vasant R.A. and Narasimhacharya A.V.R.L., An investigation on the termiticidal effects of certain weed plants, 'Prajna' – J. Pure and Appl. Sci., 16, 1-8 (2008) @No $ @ @ Chang S.T., Chen P.F., Wang S.Y. and Wu H.H., Antitermite activity of essential oils and their constituents from Taiwania cryptomerioides, J. Med. Entomol., 38, 455–457 (2001) @No $ @ @ Chang S.T., Wang S.Y., Wu C.L., Chen P.F. and Kuo Y.H., Comparison of the antifungal activity of cadinane skeletal sesquiterpenoids from Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata) heartwood, Holzforschung, 54, 241–245 (2000) @No $ @ @ Klocke J.A., Plants compounds as sources and models of insect-control agents, in economic and medicinal plant research, 3 Wagner H., Hikino H., Farnsworth N.R., Ed, Academic Press London, 103-144 (1989) @No $ @ @ Dales M.J., A Review of plant material used for controlling insect pests of stored products, Bull. Natl. Res. Inst., 65, 1-84 (1996) @No $ @ @ ISCA J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 296.French J.R., Robinson P.J., Yazaki Y. and Hillis W.E., Bioassays extracts from white Cypress Pine (Callistris collumellaris F. Muell) against subterranean termites, Holzforshung33, 144–148 (1979) @No $ @ @ Tellez M., Estell R., Fredrikson E., Powell J., Wedge D., Schrader K. and Kobaisy M., Extracts of Flourensia cernua (L): Volatile constituents and antifungal, antialgal and antitermite bioactivities,  J. Chem. Ecol., 27, 2263-2273 (2001) @No $ @ @ Regnault-Roger C., Diversifications des stratégies de protections des plantes intérêts des monoterpènes, Acta Bot. Gallica, 146, 35-43 (1999) @No $ @ @ Regnault-Roger C.B., Philogène J.R. and Vincent C., Biopesticides d'origine végétale, Techniques Documentaire, Paris Lavoisier (2003) @No $ @ @ Jarvis A.P., Morgan E.D. and Edwards C., Rapid separation of triterpenoids from Neem seed extracts, Phytochem. Ann., 10, 39–43 (1999) @No $ @ @ Sidhu O.P., Vishal K. and Hari M.B., Variability in triterpenoids (nimbin and salanin), Composition of Neem among different provenances of India, Ind. Crops Prod., 19, 69–75 (2004) @No $ @ @ Mulholland D.A., Parel B. and Coombes P.H., The chemistry of the meliaceae and Ptaeroxylaceae of southern and eastern Africa and Madagascar, Curr. Org. Chem., , 1011–1054 (2000) @No $ @ @ Schmutterer H., The Neem Tree, Source of unique natural products for integrated pest management, medicine, industry and other purposes, VCH Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge, Tokyo, 696 (1995) @No $ @ @ Sharma S., Verma M., Prasad R. and Yadav D., Efficacy of non-edible oil seedcakes against termite (Odontotermes obesus), J. Sci. Ind. Res. 70, 1037-1041 (2011) @No $ @ @ Kaura S.K., Gupta S.K. and Chowdhury J.B., Morphological and oil content variation in seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. neem from northern and western provenances of India, Plant Foods Hum. Nutr.52, 293–298 (1998) @No $ @ @ Sidhu O.P., Kumar V. and Behl H.M. Variability in Neem Azadirachta indica) with respect to Azadirachtin content, J. Agric. Food Chem., , 910–915 (2003) @No $ @ @ Kaushik N. and  Vir S., Variations in fatty acid composition of neem seeds collected from the Rajasthan state of India, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 28, 880–882 (2000) @No $ @ @ Vieux V., Kabele A.S., Ngiefu C., Etude de quelques espèces oléagineuses de la République Démocratique du Congo, Oléagineux25, 395–399 (1970) @No $ @ @ Miralles J., Recherche de nouvelles ressources en huiles végétales, Oléagineux, 38, 665–667 (1983) @No $ @ @ Djenontin S.T., Wotto V.D., Lozano P., Pioch D. andSohounhloué D.K.C., Characterisation of Blighia sapida(Sapindaceae) seed oil and defatted cake from Benin, Nat. Prod. Res., 23, 549–560 (2009) @No $ @ @ Djenontin T.S., Wotto V.D., Avlessi F., Lozano P., Sohounhloué D.C.K. and Pioch D., Composition of Azadirachta indica and Carapa procera (Meliaceae) seed oils and cakes obtained after oil extraction, Ind.  Crops and Prod., 38, 39-45 (2012) @No $ @ @ EN 118, Wood preservatives, Determination of preventive action against Reticulitermes species (European termites) (laboratory method) (2005) @No $ @ @ Gilbert B., Activities of medicinal, insecticidal and insect repellent Plants, An. Acad. Bras. Cienc.71, 265-271 (1999) @No $ @ @ Al Lawati H.T., Azam K.M. and Deadman M.L., Insecticidal and repellent properties of subtropical plant extracts against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis,  Agric. Sci., 37-45 (2002) @No $ @ @ Verena-Ulrike B. and Horst H., Repellent and toxic effects of plant extracts on subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), J.  Econ. Microbiol.94, 1200-120 (2001) @No $ @ @ Kang H.Y., Matsushima N., Sameshima K. and Takamura N., Termite resistance tests of hardwoods of Kochi growth I. The strong termiticidal activity of Kagonoki (Litsea coreana Léveillé), Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 36, 78–84 (1990) @No $ @ @ Konan Y.L., Sylla M.S., Doannio J.M.C. and Traoré S., Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karit nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellent formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast, Parasite10, 181–184 (2003) @No $ @ @ Adams R.P., McDaniel C.A. and Carter F.L., Termiticidal activities in the hearthwood, Bark/Sapwood and leaves of Juniperus species from the United States, Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 16, 453-456 (1988) @No $ @ @ Shaziya Bi and Goyal P.K., Anthelmintic effect of natural plant (Carica papaya) extract against the gastrointestinal nematode, Ancylostoma caninum in Mice, ISCA J. Biological Sci.,1(1), 2-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shukla Kirtiman, Comparative study of Withania somniferaand Ocimum sanctum for anthelmintic activity, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(1), 74-76 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Study on Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay and Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification and Quantification of Staphylococcus aureus in Pure Culture and Food Samples<#LINE#>Tania@Majumdar,@ChakrabortyRunu,Utpal@Raychaudhuri<#LINE#>30-36<#LINE#>6.ISCA-JBS-2012-082.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, INDIA<#LINE#>5/6/2012<#LINE#>11/6/2012<#LINE#>  Search for rapid, accurate and sensitive method of detection for pathogen such as Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) has become a challenge to food and pharmaceutical industries. Our present work is a study on molecular methods of detection of food borne pathogen, S.aureus NCIM 2602. Studies showed that protein A (SpA) antigen of S.aureus actually contributed to the resistance of the organism to phagocytosis and opsonization. SpA was detected and the interaction between the SpA antigen and mammalian IgG was confirmed by Western blot and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Further, the technique was successfully applied to artificially contaminated food samples like milk, meat, and cheese with an inoculation level of 100 CFU/ml of S.aureus. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also applied for the identification of the gene coding for SpA (spa) for the current strain. These techniques would be useful in analyzing safety of food samples especially meat and dairy based products which are prone to contamination.<#LINE#> @ @ Kaleem F., Usman J., Hassan A., Omair M., Khalid A. and Roz Uddin., Sensitivity pattern of  methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan, Iran. J. Microbiol., 2,141-143 (2010) @No $ @ @ Olsen S.J., Mackinnon L.C., Goulding J.S., Bean N.H. and Slutsker L.,Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks—United States, 1993–1997, Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 49(SS01), 1–51 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mead P.S., Slutsker L., Dietz V., Mc Caig L.F., Bresee J.S., Shapiro C.Griffin P.M. and Tauxe R.V., Food-related illness and death in the United States, Emerg. Infect. Dis., 5, 605–625 (1999) @No $ @ @ Nakade Dhanraj B., Antibiotic sensitivity of common Bacterial Pathogens against selected Quinolones, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(1), 77-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ Rohilla S.K. and Salar R.K., Isolation and Characterization of Various Fungal Strains from Agricultural Soil Contaminated with Pesticides, Res J  Rec Sci., 1 (ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 297-303 (2012) @No $ @ @ 6.Cheung A.L. and Fischetti V.A., Variation in the Expression of Cell Wall proteins of Staphylococcus aureusGrown on Solid and Liquid Media, Infect. Immun., 56,1061-1065 (1998) @No $ @ @ 7.Goding J.W. Use of staphylococcal Protein A as an immunological reagent, J. Immunol. Method.,20, 241-253 (1978) @No $ @ @ 8.Forsgren  A., Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus VIII. Production of protein A by bacterial and L forms of S.aureus,  Acta. Pathol. Microbial. Scand., 75, 481-490 (1969) @No $ @ @ 9.Forsgren A., Significance of Protein A production by staphylococci,  Infect. Immun., 2, 672-673 (1970) @No $ @ @ 0.Costas M., Cookson B.D., Talsania H.G. and Hill L.R. Numerical analysis of electrophoretic protein patterns of Methicilin-Resistant Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, J. Clin. Microbiol., 27, 2574-2581 (1989) @No $ @ @ Manchester L., Pot B., Kersters K. and Goodfellow M., Classification of Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium Species by Numerical Analysis of Electrophoretic protein patterns, Syst. Appl.Microbiol., 13, 333-337 (1990) @No $ @ @ 2.Vauterin L., Vantomme R., Pot B., Hoste B., Swings J. and Kersters K., Taxonomic analysis of Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae and X. campestris pv. pelargonii by means ofphytopathological, phenotypic, protein electrophoretic and DNAhybridization methods,SystAppl Microbiol., 13,166-176 (1990) @No $ @ @ 3.Forsgren A. and Sjoquist J., Protein A from S.aureus. I. Pseudoimmune reactions with human gamma-globulin, J. Immunol., 97, 822-827 (1966) @No $ @ @ ISCA J. Biological Sci.   International Science Congress Association 3614.Goodyear C.S. and Silverman G.J., Death by a B-cell super antigen: In vivo VH targeted apoptotic supra-clonal B-cell deletion by a staphylococcal toxin,  J. Exp. Med., 197, 1125-1139 (2003) @No $ @ @ 5.Stalenheim G., Otze O.G., Cooper N.R., Sjoquist J. and Muller-Eberherd H.J., Consumption of human complement components by complexes of IgG with Protein A of Staphylococcus aureus, Immunochem., 10, 501-507 (1973) @No $ @ @ 6.Forsgren A., Ghetie V., Lindmark R. and Sjoquist J., Protein A and its exploitation, In:Easmon CSF, AdlamC (ed) Staphylococci and Staphylococcal infections, pp. 429-480, Academic Press,New York (1983) @No $ @ @ 7.Salyers A.A. and Whitt D. D., Salmonella species. In: Salyers AA and Whitt DD (eds) Bacterial pathogenesis: a molecular approach,  ASM Press, Washington, DC, 381397 (2002) @No $ @ @ 8.Rooijakkers S.H., Van Wamel W. J., Ruyken M., Van Kessel K.P. and Van Strijp J., Anti-opsonic properties of staphylokinase, Microbes. Infect.,7, 476-484 (2005) @No $ @ @ 19.Berber I., Cokmus C. and Atalan E., Characterization of Staphylococcus species by SDS-PAGE of whole–cell and extracellular proteins, Microbiol., 72, 54-59 (2003) @No $ @ @ 0.Loir Y.L., Baron F. and Gautier M., Staphylococcus aureus and food poisoning, Gen. Mol. Res., 2, 63-76 (2003) @No $ @ @ 1.Weinstein M.P., Mirrett S., Reimer L.G., Wilson M.L., Smith-Elekes S., Chuard C.R., Joho K. L. and  Reller L.B., Controlled evaluation of BacT/Alert standard aerobic and FAN aerobic blood culture bottles for detection of bacteremia and fungemia, J. Clin. Microbiol., 33, 978-981 (1995) @No $ @ @ Carroll K.C., Leonard R.B., Newcomb-Gayman P.L. and Hillyard D.R., Rapid Detection of the Staphylococcal mec A gene from BACTEC blood culture bottles by the polymerase chain reaction, Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 106, 600-605 (1996) @No $ @ @ 3.Mata A.I., Gibello A., Casamayor A., Blanco M.M., Dominguez L. and Fernandez J.F., Multiplex PCR assay for detection of bacterial pathogens associated with warm-water Streptococcosis in fish, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70, 3183–3187 (2004) @No $ @ @ 4.Kamesh R.S. and Roman R.G., Multiplex Detection of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species pathogens in Peripheral Blood by Real-Time RT PCR, J. Mol. Diagn., 7, 308-316 (2005) @No $ @ @ 5.Brooks J.L., Mirhabibollahi B., Kroll R.G., Sensitive Enzyme–Amplified Electrical Immunoassay for Protein A–Bearing Staphylococcus aureus in Foods,  Appl. Environ. Microb.56, 3278-3284 (1990) @No $ @ @ 6.Wilson K. and Walker J., Practical Biochemistry: Principles and Techniques,  Cambridge University Press (2000) @No $ @ @ 7.Laemmli U.K., Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4, Nature (London)., 227, 680-685 (1970) @No $ @ @ 8.Blake M.S., Johnston K.H., Russell G.J.J. and Gotschlich E.C., A rapid sensitive method for detection of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-antibody on western blots,  Anal. Biochem., 136, 175-179 (1984) @No $ @ @ 29.Wilson K., Preparation of genomic DNA from bacteria. In: Ausuhel FM, Brent R., Kingston R. E., Moore D. D., Seidman J.G., Smith J.A., Struhl K (eds) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley and Sons, New York, , 2.4.1-2.4.2 (1987) @No $ @ @ 0.Frenay H.M., Bunchoten A.E., Schouls L.M., VAN Leeuwen W.J., VAN Denbroucke–Grauls C.M., Verhoef J. and Mooi F.R. Molecular typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on the basis of protein A gene polymorphism, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 15, 60–64 (1996) @No $ @ @ 1.Uhlen M., Guss B., Nilsson B., Gatenbeck S., Pthilipson L. and Lindberg M., Complete Sequence of the Staphylococcal Gene Encoding Protein A, a gene evolved through multiple duplications, J. Biol. Chem., 259, 1695-1702 (1984) @No $ @ @ 2.Lowry O.H., Passonneau J.V., Schulz D.W. and Rock M.K., The measurement of pyridine nucleotides by enzymatic cycling, J. Biol. Chem., 236, 2746-2755 (1961) @No $ @ @ Cheung A.L., Bayer A.S., Peters J. and Ward J.I., Analysis by Gel Electrophoresis, Western Blot, and Peptide Mapping of Protein A heterogeneity in Staphylococcus aureus strains, Infect. Immun., 55, 843-847 (1987) @No
<#LINE#>Micropropagation of an Anti diabetic Plant - Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, (Natural Sweetener) in Hadoti Region of South-East Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>Jitendra@Mehta,Monika@Sain,Ratan@SharmaDev,Priyanka@Gehlot,@SharmaPriyanka,Kiran@DhakerJayraj<#LINE#>37-42<#LINE#>7.ISCA-JBS-2012-087.pdf<#LINE#> Plant Tissue Culture Lab. and Dept. of Biotech., Vital Biotech Research Inst., University of Kota, Kota-Rajasthan, INDIA<#LINE#>8/6/2012<#LINE#>15/6/2012<#LINE#>  This review highlights the recent development and achievements made for the   micropropagation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (an antidiabatic sweetener herb) in Hadoti region of south-east Rajasthan. Shootlets were regenerated from nodal explants of stem through auxiliary shoot proliferation. The induction of multiple shoots from nodal segments was the highest in MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP+2.0 mg/l Kn. For rooting different concentration of IBA were used and highest rooting was recorded on MS medium with 1.0 mg/l IBA. The rooted Plantlets were hardened initially in culture room conditions and then transferred to misthouse.  <#LINE#> @ @ Chalapathi M.V. and Thimmegowda S., Natural non-calorie sweetener stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), A future crop of India, Crop Research, Hisar, 14(2), 347-350 (1997) @No $ @ @ Robinson B.L., Contributions from the Grey Herbarium of Harvard University, The Grey Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge (1930) @No $ @ @ Sumida T., Reports on Stevia introduced from Brazil as a new sweetness resource in Japan (English summary), J. Cent. Agric. Exp. Stn.,31, 1-71 (1968) @No $ @ @ Felippe G.M. and Lucas N.M.C., Estudo da viabilidade dos fructos de Stevia rebaudiana Bert, Hoehnea 1, 95-105 (1971) @No $ @ @ Miyagawa H., Fujioka N., Kohda H., Yamasaki K., Taniguchi K. and Tanaka R., Studies on the tissue culture of Stevia rebaudiana and its components. II. Induction of shoot primordial, Planta Med., 52, 321-323 (1986) @No $ @ @ ISCA J. Biological Sci.  International Science Congress Association 426.Tamura Y., Nakamura S., Fukui H. and Tabata M., Clonal propagation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni by stem tip culture, Plant Cell Rep.,3, 183-185 (1984) @No $ @ @ Ferreira C.M. and Handro W., Micropropagation of Steviarebaudiana through leaf explants from adult plants, Planta Med.,54, 57-160 (1988) @No $ @ @ Patil V., Reddy P.C., Purushotham M.G., Prasad T.G. and Udayakumar M., In vitro multiplication of Steviarebaudiana., Curr. Sci., 70, 960 (1996) @No $ @ @ Mitra A. and Pal A., In vitro regeneration of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) from nodal explants, J. Plant Biochem. Biotech.,16, 59-62 (2007) @No $ @ @ Lee J.I., Kang K.K. and Lee E.U., Studies on new sweetening resource plant Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) in Koprea, I. Effect of transplanting date shifting by cutting and seeding dates on agronomic characteristics and dry leaf of Stevia (English abstr.), Res. Rep. ORD., 21, 171-179 (1979) @No $ @ @ Mishra P.C., Dash A.K. and Pradhan Khageswar, Metals in Environmental segments at Hirakud of Odisha, India,ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(1), 7-23 (2012) @No $ @ @ Khandkar-Siddikur Rahman, Nazmul Alam D.M. and Md. Nazrul Islam, Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Mat-Wood Veneer Plywood, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(2), 61-64 (2012) @No $ @ @ Singh Amardev, Ahmed Farooq and Shamim Ahmed Bandey, Spring rearing performance by feeding temperate mulberry variety on bivoltine hybrid NB4D2 × SH6 of silkworm, Bombyx mori L, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(2), 69-72 (2012) @No $ @ @ Patil Sunil J. and Patil H.M., Ethnomedicinal Herbal Recipes from Satpura Hill Ranges of Shirpur Tahsil, Dhule, Maharashtra, India, Res. J. Recent Sci., 1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 333-366 (2012) @No $ @ @ 5.Shaziya Bi and Goyal P.K., Anthelmintic effect of Natural Plant (Carica papaya) extract against the Gastrointestinal nematode, Ancylostoma caninum in Mice, ISCA J. Biological Sci.,1(1), 2-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ 6.Sainkhediya Jeetendra and Aske Dilip Kumar, Ethno Medicinal Plants used by Tribal Communities for the Treatment of Snakebite in West Nimar, MP, India, ISCA J. Biological Sci., 1(2), 77-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ 7.Rani C.R., Reema C., Singh A. and Singh P.K., Salt tolerance of Sorghum bicolor cultivars during germination and seedling growth Res J Recent Sci., 1(3), 1-10 (2012) @No $ @ @ 8.Bhattacharya Anjanabha, Power John B. and Davey Micheal R.,Genetic Manipulation of Gibberellin (GA) Oxidase Genes in Nicotiana sylvestris using constitutive promoter to modify Plant Architecture, Res J Recent Sci.,1(5) 1-7 (2012) @No $ @ @ 19.Eman A.  Alam, Initiation of Pharmaceutical Factories depending on more Application of Biotechnology on some Medicinal Plants Review Article (In Vitro Production of some Antioxidant, Analgesic, Antibacterial, Antidiabetic agent), Res   J Recent Sci.,1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ , 398-404 (2012) @No $ @ @ 0.Bora A., Science Commmunication through Mass media,Res J Recent Sci.,1(1), 10-15 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Purification of a Novel Thermophilic Lipase from B. Licheniformis MTCC-10498<#LINE#>Ch@Sharma,@erK.,S.@KanwarShamsher<#LINE#>43-48<#LINE#>8.ISCA-JBS-2012-090.pdf<#LINE#>  Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla-171005, INDIA <#LINE#>11/6/2012<#LINE#>14/6/2012<#LINE#>  Lipases have emerged as one of the leading biocatalysts with proven potential for contributing to the multibillion dollar underexploited lipid technology bio-industry and have been used in situ lipid metabolism and ex situ multifaceted industrial applications. For certain applications, such as synthetic reactions in pharmaceutical industry, further purification is needed. Since lipases are known to be hydrophobic in nature, having large hydrophobic surfaces around the active site, the purification of lipases may best be achieved by opting for affinity chromatography, such as hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purification of bacterial lipase was performed using techniques of ammonium sulphate salting out, dialysis and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (Octyl sepharose) respectively. The analysis of bacterial lipase under reducing and denaturing SDS- PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) revealed that the purified lipase possessed a single band of MW 19kDa as visualized with Coomasie Brilliant Blue R-250. <#LINE#> @ @ Jaeger K.-E. and Eggert T., Lipases for biotechnology, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.,13, 390-397 (2002) @No $ @ @ Gupta M.N. and Roy I., Enzymes in organic media: Forms, functions and applications, Eur., J. Biochem.,271, 2575-2583 (2004) @No $ @ @ Joseph B., Ramteke P.W., Thomas G. and Shrivastava N., Standard review cold- active microbial lipases: a versatile tool for industrial applications, Biotechnol. Mol. Bio. Rev.,, 39-48 (2008) @No $ @ @ Li Z., Zhang F. and Zhang H., Gene analysis, optimized production and property of marine lipase from Bacillus pumilus B106 associated with South China Sea Halichondria rugosa, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,25, 1267-1274 (2009) @No $ @ @ Treichel H., Olivera D.D., Mazutti M.A., Luccio M.D. and Olivera J.M., A review on microbial lipases production, Food Bioprocess Technol., 3, 182-196 (2010) @No $ @ @ Sangeetha R., Arulpandi I. and Geetha A., Bacterial lipases as potential industrial biocatalysts: An overview, Res. J. Microbiol.,, 1-24 (2011) @No $ @ @ Aires-Barros M.R., Taipa M.A. and Cabral J.M.S., Isolation and purification of lipases. In: Wooley P, Petersen SB (eds) Lipases-their structure, biochemistry and application. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 243-270 (1994) @No $ @ @ Saxena R.K., Sheoran A., Giri B. and Davidson S., Purification strategies for microbial lipases, J. Microbiol. Meth.52, 1-18 (2003) @No $ @ @ Palekar A.A., Vasudevan P.T. and Yan S., Purification of lipase: a review, Biocatal. Biotransfor.,18, 177-200 2000) 10. Imamura S. and Kitaura S., Purification and characterization of a monoglyceryl lipase from the moderately thermophilic Bacillus sp. H-257, J. Biochem.,127, 419-425 (2000) @No $ @ @ Winkler U.K. and Stuckmann M., Glucogen, hyaluronate and some other polysaccharides   greatly enhance the formation of exolipase by Serratia marcescens, J. Bacteriol.,138, 663-670 (1979) @No $ @ @ 2.Wetlaufer D.B. Ultraviolet spectra of proteins and amino acids,  Adv. Prot. Chem. 17, 303-390 (1962) @No $ @ @ 3.Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr N.J. and Randall R.J., Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent, J. Biological  Chem.,193, 265-275 (1951) @No $ @ @ 4.Scopes R.K., Ammonium sulfate precipitation table. In: Protein purification: principle and practice, Springer-verlag, New York, 45-54 (1987) @No $ @ @ 5.Laemmli U.K., The cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4, Nature,227, 680- 685 (1970) @No $ @ @ 6.Tan T., Zhang M., Wang B., Ying C. and Deng L., Screening of high lipase producing   Candida sp. and production of lipase by fermentation,  Proc. Biochem., 39, 459-465 (2003) @No $ @ @ 7.Kanwar S.S., Ghazi I.A., Chimni S.S., Joshi G.K., Rao, G.V., Kaushal R.K., Gupta R. and Punj V., Purification and properties of a noble extra-cellular thermotolerant   metallolipase of Bacilluscoagulans MTCC-6375 isolate, Protein Expr. Pur., 46, 421-428 (2006) @No $ @ @ 8.Celia E., Cernia E., Palocci C., Soro S., and Turchet T., Tuning Pseudomonas cepacea lipase (PCL) activity in supercritical fluids, J. Supercrit. Fluid,33, 193-199 (2005) @No $ @ @ 9.Kanwar S.S., and Sharma C.K., Short-chain ester synthesis by transesterification employing poly (MAc-co- DMA-cl-MBAm) hydrogel-bound lipase of BacilluscoagulansMTCC-6375, J. Appl. Polym. Sci.,109, 1063-1071 (2008) @No $ @ @ 20.Reetz M.T., Zonta A. and Simpelkamp J., Efficient immobilization of lipase by entrapment in hydrophobic sol-gel materials, Biotechnol. Bioeng.,49, 518-527 (1996) @No $ @ @ 1.Jaeger K.E., Ransac S., Dijkstra B.W., Colson C., Heuvel M. van, and Misset O., Bacterial lipases, FEMS Microbiol Rev., 15, 29-63 (1994) @No $ @ @ Sugihara A., Tani T. and Tominaga Y. Purification and characterization of a novel thermostable lipase from Bacillus sp. J. Biochem.,109, 211-216 (1991) @No $ @ @ 3.Sughihara A., Senoo T., Enoki A., Shimada Y., Nagao T. and Tominaga Y., Purification and charactrization of a lipase from Pichia  burtonii., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.43, 277-281 (1995) @No $ @ @ 4.Nawani N. and Kaur J., Purification, characterization and thermostability of a lipase from a thermophilic Bacillus sp. J33, Mol. Cell Biochem.,206, 91-96 (2000) @No $ @ @ ISCA J. Biological Sci.   International Science Congress Association 48fluorescens NS2W, J. Ind. Food Microbiol.,28, 344-348 (2002) @No $ @ @ 6.Molinari F., Brenna O., Valenti M. and Aragozzini F.,  Isolation of a novel carboxyesterase from Bacilluscoagulans with high enantioselectivity towards racemic esters of 1, 2 O-isopropylindene glycerol, Enzyme Microb Technol 19, 551-556 (1997) @No $ @ @ 7.Kumar S., Kikon K., Upathyaya A., Kanwar S.S. and Gupta R.,. Production, purification and characterization of lipase from thermophilic and alkalophilic Bacilluscoagulans BTS-3, Protein Expr. Purif.,  41, 38-44 (2005) @No $ @ @ 8.Lee D.W., Kim H.W., Lee K.W., Kim B.C., Choe E.A., Lee H.S., Kim D.S. and Pyun Y.R., Purification and characterization of two distinct thermostable lipases from the gram-positive thermophilic bacterium Bacillus thermoleovorans ID-1, Enzym. Microb. Technol.25, 363-372 (2001) @No
<#LINE#>Production and Partial Purification of Lactocin produced from Lactobacillus lactis and its Bactericidal activity against Food spoiling bacteria<#LINE#>C.P.@Ben,@BeulaA.,S.@NirmalaDevi<#LINE#>49-53<#LINE#>9.ISCA-JBS-2012-095.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Kanyakumari – 629165, Tamilnadu, INDIA@Department of Biochemistry, Sri Adi Chunchanagiri Womens College, Cumbum-625516, Tamilnadu, INDIA <#LINE#>21/6/2012<#LINE#>29/6/2012<#LINE#>  The antimicrobial activity of partially purified bacteriocin produced from raw milk samples against common food spoiling pathogens including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus were assessed and characterized. To test the bactericidal effect of lactocin, various concentrations of pH were used. Bactericidal activity was estimated using agar well diffusion technique by concentration of 25µL, 50µL, 75µL and 100µL. The bacteriocin of Lactobacillus lactis at pH 4 shows high bactericidal activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae. While at pH 7, it shows high bactericidal activity against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by high bactericidal activity against Bacillus subtilis at the pH 9. This activity indicates its potential application as a biopreservative in various food products.<#LINE#> @ @ Nakade Dhanraj B., Antibiotic sensitivity of common Bacterial Pathogens against selected Quinolones, ISCA J. of Biological Sci., 1(1), 77-79 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hegde Chaitra R., Madhuri M., Swaroop T., Nishitha, Das Arijit, Bhattacharya Sourav and K.C. Rohit, Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties, Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Leaf Extracts of Punica granatum L., ISCA J. of Biological Sci., 1(2), 32-37 (2012) @No $ @ @ Mangale Sapana M., Chonde Sonal G. and Raut P. D., Use of Moringa Oleifera (Drumstick) seed as Natural Absorbent and an Antimicrobial agent for Ground water Treatment, Res. J. of Recent Sci., 1(3), 31-40 (2012) @No $ @ @ Garcia M.T., Ben Demar N., Lucas R., Perezpulido R., Castri Q., Grande M.J., Martinez - Canamero M. and Galnez A., Antimicrobial activity of Enterocin EJ.97 on B. Coagulants CECT”, Food microbial., 20, 533 – 536 (2003) @No $ @ @ O’ Sullivan L., Ross R.P. and Hill C., Potential of LAB for improvements in food safety and quality, Jrnl. of Biochemie., 84, 593 – 604 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ross R.P., Morgan S. and Hill C., Preservation and fermentation: past, present, and future, Int. food microbial., 79, 3 – 16 (2002) @No $ @ @ Namdhari B.S., Rohilla S.K., Salar R.K., Gahlawat S.K., Bansal P. and Saran A.K.,Decolorization of Reactive Blue MR, using Aspergillus species Isolated from Textile Waste Water, ISCA J. of Biological Sci., 1(1), 24-29 (2012) @No $ @ @ Salar Raj Kumar, Rohilla Suresh Kumar  and Rohilla Jitender Kumar, Decolorization of Reactive Black HFGR by Aspergillus sulphureus, ISCA J. of Biological Sci., 1(1), 55-61 (2012) @No $ @ @ Soomro A.H.T. and Anwaar K., Role of (LAB) in food preservation and human health, Pak. J. Nutr.,1, 20 – 24 (2002) @No $ @ @ Naidu A.S., Bidlack W.R. and Clemens. R.A., Probiotics spectra of (LAB) , Crit. Re. Food Sci. Nutr., 39, 13-45 (2000) @No $ @ @ Kumar C.G. and Anand S.K., Significance of microbial biofilms in Food industry, Int. J. Food microbial.,42, 93-99 (2000) @No $ @ @ ISCA J. Biological Sci.  International Science Congress Association 5312.Verma V., Bhardwaj A., Rathi S. and Raja R.B., A Potential Antimicrobial Agent from Cocos nucifera mesocarp extract;Development of a New Generation Antibiotic, ISCA J. of Biological Sci., 1(2), 48-54 (2012) @No $ @ @ Yodoamijoyo R.M., Tirza Z., Harastuti., Tomomatsu A., Matsuyama A. and Hosono A., Antimicrobiol activities of Lactic acid bacteria strains, J. dairy food Sci., 32, 7-14 (1983) @No $ @ @ Sanger F., Nicklen S. and Coulso. A.R., DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors, FEMS Iummunol. Med. Microbiol., 74, 5463-5467 (1977) @No $ @ @ Knudtson L.M. and Hartman P.A., Routine Procedures for isolation and identification of Enterococci and faecal Streptococci,  Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58, 3027-3031 (1992) @No $ @ @ Tagg J.R., Dajani A.S. and Wannamaker L.W., Bacteriocins of Gram positive bacteria, Bacteriol. Rev., 40, 722-756 (1976) @No $ @ @ Vaughan A., Eijsink V.G.H., O’ Sulivan K., O’Hanlon K. and Van sinderen D., An analysis of bacteriocins produced by LAB isolated from malted barley, J. Appl. Microbiol., 91, 131-138 (1991) @No $ @ @ Parente M. and Ricciardi A.R., Dimensional gel electrophorosis and Proteins, Biotechnol. 41, 4156-4168 (1984) @No $ @ @ Cleeveland J., Montvik T.J., Nes I.F. and Chikindas M.T., Bacteriocins, safe, natural antimicrobials for food preservation, Int. J. Food microbial., 71, 1 – 20 (2001) @No $ @ @ Carr F.J., Hill D. and Maida N., The Lactic acid bacteria: A literature survey, Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 28, 281 -370 (2002) @No $ @ @ Kojic M., Strahinic I. and Topisirovic L., Proteinase PI and lactococcin A gene are located on the largest plasmid in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis 550, J. Microbial., 51, 305 -314 (2005) @No $ @ @ Chang C.E., Pavlova S.I., Tao L., Kim E.L., Kim S.C. and Yun H.S., Molecular identification of vaginal Lactobacillus spp, J. Microbiol., 12, 312 – 317 (2002) @No $ @ @ Ray B. and Daeschel M., Food Biopreservatives of Microbial Origin, Inc., Boca Raton, 39, 197 – 199 (2002) @No $ @ @ Yildirim Z. and Johnson M.G., Detection and characterization of a Bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis sub spp.,  Lett.  Appl. Microbiol.,  26, 297-304 (2001) @No $ @ @ Sphelhaug S.R. and Hardlender S.K., Initiation of Food born bacterial pathogens by bacteriocins from Lactococcus lactis and Pediococcus pentosaleous, J. Food  prot., 52, 856-862 (1999) @No $ @ @ Verluyten I., Leroy F. and De Vuyst L., Influence of Complex nutrient Source on growth of Curvacin,  Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67, 4407 – 4413 (2004) @No $ @ @ Biswas S.R., Ray P., Johson M.C. and Ray B., Influence of growth conditions on the production of a bacteriocin, pediocin AcH, by Pediococcus acidilactis H, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57, 1265-1267 (1991) @No $ @ @ Kimura H., Sashihara T., Matsusaki H., Sanomoto K. and Ishizaki A., Novel bacteriocin of Pediococcus sp. ISK-1 isolated from well-aged bed of Fermented rice bran,  Ann. NY Acad. Sci.,  864, 345-348 (2002) @No $ @ @ Aymerich M.T., Garrig. M., Monfort J.M., Nes I. and Hugas M., Bacteriocin-producing Lactobacillus in Spanish-style fermented sausages : Characterization of bacteriocins, Food Microbiol., 17, 33-45 (2000) @No $ @ @ Schnurer J. and Magnusson J., Antifungal lactic acid bacteria as biopreservatives, Food Sci. Technol., 16, 70-78 (2005) @No $ @ @ Diaz R., Sanchez R.M.R., Desmazeud M., Burz-Barba J.L. and Piard J.C., Plantaricin S and T. two new bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus plantarum LPC010 isolated from a green olive fermentation,  Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 59, 1416-1424 (1993) @No $ @ @ Bizani D. and Brandelli A., Characterization of bacteriocin Produced by a newly isolated Bacillus spp. Strain,  J. Appl. Microbiol., 26, 631-632 (2002) @No $ @ @ Itoh T., Fujimoto Y., Kawai Y., Toba T. and Saito T., Inhibition of Food-borne pathogenic bacteria by bacteriocins from Lactobacillus gasseri, Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 21, 137-141 (1991) @No $ @ @ Isitua C.C., Igbinidu O.F. and Imariabe O.J., Microorganisms associated with Gold Jewelries Worn by Students in the University of Benin, Ugbowo Campus, Nigeria, Res. J. of Recent Sci., 1(5), 46-50, (2012) @No $ @ @ Sharma C.K. and Kanwar S.S., Synthesis of methyl cinnamate using immobilized lipase from B. licheniformis MTCC-10498, Res. J. of Recent Sci., 1(5), 46-50, (2012) @No $ @ @ Raval A.A. and Desai P.B., Rhizobacteria from Rhizosphere of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and their effect on Plant Growth,  Res. J. of Recent Sci., 1(5), 46-50, (2012) @No $ @ @ Amanchi Nageswara Rao and Mohd. Masood Hussain, Ecophysiological and cytopathological impact of delfin insecticide (Bacillus thuringiensis) to an unicellular ciliate protozoan, Euplotes patella, Res. J. of Recent Sci., 1(5), 46-50, (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Occurrence of Rotifers and its Relation to the Water Quality during the Bioremediation process in Lake Kacharali, Thane, MS, India<#LINE#>Vaishali@Somani,@QuadrosGoldin,K.@PejaverMadhuri<#LINE#>54-58<#LINE#>10.ISCA-JBS-2012-097.pdf<#LINE#>Zoology Department, B.N. Bandodkar College of Science, Chendani, Thane 400 601, Maharashtra, INDIA@Zoology Department, Maharishi Dayanand College, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, Maharashtra, INDIA@Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatti Post, Coimbatore 641108, Tamil Nadu, INDIA <#LINE#>23/6/2012<#LINE#>25/6/2012<#LINE#>  Thane city is known for its lake, however over the years with increase in human population and the related anthropogenic activities the lakes have been neglected. The neglect had lead to severe pollution of the lakes affecting the ecology as well as the livelihood of the locals dependent on the lakes. The Thane Municipal Corporation started the process of bioremediation of lakes in Thane city from the year 1999 by using selected, preadapted, nonpathogenic microbes. Lake Kacharali was the first one to undergo the process and prior to the bioremediation process the lake was physically cleaned of all the floating macrophytes. The physico-chemical parameters to assess the water quality along with the phytoplankton and zooplankton to understand the biological diversity were undertaken from the beginning of bioremediation process in January 1999 till June 2000. Among the zooplankton Rotifera comprise the integral part of the food chain and are important link between the nanoplankton and the carnivorous zooplankton. They play a major role in cycling of organic material and constitute a large portion of the diet of larval fish. During the study 13 species of the rotifera were observed and varied from 50 ind/100 L to 5876 ind/100 L. The diversity of rotifers is indicative of the ecological factors of the water body. The bioremediation process was observed to be successful as the water quality and rotifer diversity revealed mesotrophic conditions from the initial eutrophic conditions. <#LINE#> @ @ Murhekar Gopalkrushna H., Assessment of Physico-Chemical Status of Ground Water Samples in Akot city.,Research Journal of Chemical Sciences., 1(4), 117-124, July (2011) @No $ @ @ Muthusamy P., Murugan S. and Manothi Smitha., Removal of Nickel ion from Industrial Waste Water using Maize Cob., ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences., 1(2), 7-11, (2012) @No $ @ @ Baroniya Mamta, Baroniya Sanjay Singh and Jain Monica.,Operation and Maintenance of Water Treatment Plant at BNP Campus Dewas, India: A Case Study., ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences., 1(1), 83-86, (2012) @No $ @ @ Odum E.P., Fundamentals of Ecology., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia., (1971) @No $ @ @ Vaishali U. Somani., Ecological Studies on Kacharali and Masunda Lakes of Thane city with reference to bacterial treatment of Kacharali for Lake Beautification., Ph.D. Thesis University of Mumbai., 242, (2002) @No $ @ @ Ryder R.A., Kerr S.R., Loftus K.H. and Register H.A., The morphoedaphic index, a fish yields estimator review and evaluation., Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada., 31, 663 – 668. (1974) @No $ @ @ Bahura C.K., Phytoplanktonic community of a highly eutrophicated temple tank, Bikaner, Rajasthan.,Journal of Aquatic Biology., 16(1&2), 1-4, (2001) @No $ @ @ Kumar Praveen G.N. and Sumangala K. Bhat., Fungal Degradation of Azo dye- Red 3BN and Optimization of Physico-Chemical Parameters, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2)17-24, June (2012) @No $ @ @ ISCA J. Biological Sci.  International Science Congress Association 589.Parihar S.S., Kumar Ajit, Kumar Ajay, Gupta R.N., Pathak Manoj, Shrivastav Archana and Pandey A.C., Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Analysis of Underground Water in and Around Gwalior City, MP, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(6), 62-65 (2012) @No $ @ @ Nwajei G. E., Obi–Iyeke G.E. and Okwagi P. Distribution of Selected Trace Metal in Fish Parts from the River Nigeria., Research Journal of Recent Sciences., 1(1), 81-84 Jan. (2012) @No $ @ @ Tiwari T.N., Ecological and Environmental impacts of Manmade lakes., Aquatic Ecology ed. S.P. Mishra and D.N. Saksena., Ashish Publishing House, New Delhi., 101-118 (1992) @No $ @ @ Ruttner-Kolisko., Planktonic rotifers Biology and Taxonomy, Schw. Verlag. Stuttgart., 146 (1974) @No $ @ @ Herzig A., Comparative studies on the relationship between temperature and duration of embryonic development of rotifers., Hydrobiologia, 104, 237-246 (1983) @No $ @ @ Nogrady T., Wallace R.L., and Snell T.W., Rotifera – Guides to the identification of the macroinvertebrates of the continentalwatersof the world, 4 SPB Academic publishing The Hague, 142 (1993) @No $ @ @ Thane Municipal Corporation – Environmental Status Report, 48 (1998) @No $ @ @ APHA, AWWA, WPCF., International Standard Methods for the examination of water and waste water, 15th edition, Washington D.C., 874 (1891) @No $ @ @ Battish S.K., Freshwater zooplankton of India Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., 233 (1992) @No $ @ @ Parikh Ankita N. and Mankodi P.C., Limnology of Sama Pond, Vadodara City, Gujarat, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(1), 16-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Patil Shilpa G., Chonde Sonal G., Jadhav Aasawari S. and Raut Prakash D., Impact of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on Phytoplankton Communities, Kolhapur, India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(2), 56-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Patil S.G., Limnological Investigations – Biotic Factors, Fauna of Ujani, Zool. Surv. India, Wetland Ecosystem Series, , 27-61 (2002) @No $ @ @ Chaudhary Preeti., Assessment of Fish Culture in Some Fresh Water Ponds of Dhar Town, MP, India, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences,1(2), 73-76 (2012) @No $ @ @ Hosmani S., Phytoplankton-Zooplankton relationship in four freshwater bodies of Dharwar, Indian Journal of Environment and Ecoplanning, 6(1), 23-28 (2002) @No $ @ @ Pejler B., On the use of zooplankters as environmental indicators. In Sudzuki M. ed Some approaches to Sapro – biological problems, Sansedio, Tokyo, 9-12 (1980) @No $ @ @ Rao M.B., Mukhopadhyay S.K. and Muley E.V., Seasonal and sources of zooplanktonic organisms and their succession in two freshwater ponds at Wagholi, Poona, Proc. Symp. Ecol. Anim. Popul. Zool. Surv. India, 63-84 (1981) @No $ @ @ Dhanapati M.V.S.S.S., Taxonomic notes on the Rotifers from India – FAAB Publication, Hyderabad, 175 (2000) @No $ @ @ Berninger Ulrike G., Stephen A., Wickham and Bland J. Finlay, Trophic coupling within the microbial food web: A study with fine temporal resolution in a eutrophic freshwater ecosystem, Freshwater Biology, 30(3), 419-432 (1993) @No $ @ @ Kadam S.S. and Tiwari L.R.,Zooplankton Composition in Dahanu Creek-West Coast of India, Research Journal of Recent Sciences., 1(5), 62-65 (2012) @No $ @ @ Goswami A.P. and Mankodi P.C., Study on Zooplankton of Fresh Water Reservoir Nyari – II Rajkot district, Gujarat, India, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 30-34 (2012) @No
<#LINE#>Diversity of Coral Reefs in Badul Island Waters, Ujung Kulon, Indonesia<#LINE#>L.S.E.@Putri,@HidayatA.F.,Suk@,P.@ar<#LINE#>59-64<#LINE#>11.ISCA-JBS-2012-112.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Bio., Faculty of Sci. and Tech., State Islamic University, Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Ciputat, INDONESIA@Department of Biology, Jakarta State University, INDONESIA <#LINE#>10/3/2012<#LINE#>17/3/2012<#LINE#>Indonesia is a maritime nation with abundance the uniqueness of marine diversity, especially coral reefs. There are so many island in Indonesia with the diversity of coral reefs, such as Badul Island, part of Seribu Island. The study was conducted at Western part of Badul Island waters to identify biodiversity of coral reefs, located at Ujung Kulon district, West Java. Variable observed were biodiversity and level of mortality related to environmental condition surrounding location of study. Sampling method used was line intercept transect method (LIT method) in 75 m lenghth. There were 3 sampling sites with 25m distance straight to the sea with 3 replication. The results showed that the average of coral cover which was still alive was 72,53% with mortality index was 0,265. Neverthelles, diversity index of coral showed at moderate level, with low level condition of domination index.<#LINE#> @ @ Syahtriani P.R., Identification study of corals type (Scleractina = Fungidae) in section of Corallia of the Oceanographic Research Center Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Field Report: Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, State University of Jakarta, Jakarta (2005) @No $ @ @ Ujung Kulon National Park, Information book of Ujung Kulon National Park, Hall of Ujung Kulon National Park, Pandeglang(2007) @No $ @ @ Patil S.G., Chonde S.G., Jadhav A.S., and Raut P.D., Impact of physico-chemical characteristics of Shivaji University lakes on phytoplankton communities, Kolhapur, India, Res. J.Recent.Sci.,1(2), 56-60 (2012) @No $ @ @ Parikh A.N. and Mankodi P.C., Limnology of Sama pond, Vadodara city, Gujarat, Res.J.Recent.Sci.,1(1), 16-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Anggoro A.W., Condition of coral reefs at Weh Island water, Sabang, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Thesis: Department of Marine Sciences and Technology Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor(2005) @No $ @ @ English S., Wilkinson C., and Baker V., Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources, 2nd Edition, Townsville: Australian Institute of Marine Science (1997) @No $ @ @ Edinger E.N., Limmon G.V., Jompa J., Widjatmoko W., Heikoop J.M., and Risk M.J., Reef degradation and coral biodiversity in Indonesia: Effects on land-based pllution, destructive fishing practices and changes, Mar Poll Bul, 36(8), 617-630 (1998) @No $ @ @ Levinton J.S., Marine biology: function, biodiversity, ecology, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, New York (2010) @No $ @ @ Hoitink A.J.F., Tidally induced clouds of suspended sediment connected to shallow-water coral reefs, Mar Geol, 208(1), 13-31 (2004) @No $ @ @ Connel S.D. and Gillanders B.M., Marine ecology, Oxford University Press, Sidney, Australia (2007) @No $ @ @ Dolmen P.G.R. and Cleary D.F.R., Relating coral species traits to environmental conditions in the Jakarta Bay reef system, Indonesia, Estuar Coast Shelf Sci,

3(3-4), 816-826 (2007) @No $ @ @ Tomascik T., Mah J.A., Nontji A., and Moosa K.M., The ecologycal of the Indonesian seas part II, Periplus, Singapore (1997) @No $ @ @ Gomez E.D. and Yap H.T., Monitoring Reef Condition, In Kenchington R A and Hudson B E T (ed), Coral Reef Management Hand Book, UNESCO Regional Office for Science and Technology for South East Asia, Jakarta (1988) @No $ @ @ Supriharyono, Effects of sand mining on coral reefs in Riau islands, J Coast Dev,7(2), 89-100 (2004) @No $ @ @ Niagara R., Condition of coral reefs in coastal of Sumenep, Madura - East Java, Thesis: Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor (2007) @No $ @ @ Nybakken J.W., Marine biology: an ecological approach, translated by Eidman M, Koesoebiono, Bengen DG, Hutomo M, Sukardjo S (1992) @No $ @ @ , Gramedia, Jakarta (1992) @No $ @ @ ISCA J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 64 17.Nontji A., Coral reefs of Indonesia: past, present and future, Pros.of Management and Science of Coral Reefs of Indonesia, 17-29 (1999) @No $ @ @ 8.Veron J.E.N., Coral of the world. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia (1993) @No $ @ @ 19.Suharsono, Type of corals in Indonesia, Coremap-LIPI, Jakarta (2008) @No $ @ @ 0.Edinger E.N., Limmon G.V., Jompa J., Widjatmoko W., Heikoop J.M., and Risk M.J., Normal coral growth on dying reefs: Are coral growth rates good indocators of reef health? Mar Poll Bul, 40(5), 404-425 (2000) @No $ @ @ 1.Hawkins J.P. and Roberts C.M., Effects of recreational scuba diving on fore reed slope communities of coral reefs,  Biol Cons, 62(3), 171-178 (1992) @No $ @ @ Hoffmann T.C., Coral reef health and effects of socio-economic fakctors in Fiji and Cook Island,  Mar Poll Bul, 44(11), 1281-1293 (2002) @No $ @ @ 3.Brander L.M., Beukering P.V., and Cesar H.S.J., The recreational value of coral reefs: meta analysis, Biol Econ, 63(1), 209-218 (2007) @No $ @ @ 4.Fava  F., Ponti M., Scinto A., Calcinai B., and Cerrano C., Possible effects of human impacts on epibenthic communities and coral rubble features in the marine park of Bunaken, Estuar Coast Shelf Sci, 85(1), 151-156 (2009) @No $ @ @ 5.Cappenberg H.A.W.,Megabenthos diversity of coral reefs in the waters of Abang Island, Municipality of Batam and the surrounding areas, Water Resources Bulletin on Sea South China Sea and Beyond, 99-112 (2008) @No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds of Vitex Trifolia Var, Simplicifolia Associated with Anticancer<#LINE#>E.R.@Aweng,Hanisah@Nur,M.A.@MohdNawi,@NurhananMurniY.,M.@Shamsul<#LINE#>65-68<#LINE#>12.ISCA-JBS-2012-071.pdf<#LINE#>Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Locked Bag No 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, MALAYSIA Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52110 Kepong, Selangor, MALAYSIA<#LINE#>31/5/2012<#LINE#>11/6/2012<#LINE#>  Vitex trifolia var.simplicifolia plant was found growing wildly at the beach, especially at Pantai Sri Tujuh, Tumpat, Kelantan, Malaysia.  The extracted leaves were commonly used to prepare traditional dessert among Siamese communities in Kelantan called “Khanom Bai Kunthi” for a long time.  Water was used as an extraction agent by the peoples in this area.  This extracted leaves were used by the Siamese communities in Tumpat area because it has natural color, flavor and fragrance properties.  The Siamese communities who consumed “Khnom Bai Kunthi” was found to be healthy life and live longer. This is the starting point of the study.  For the purpose of this study, Vitex trifolia var.simplicifolia  leaves were extracted by using 80% methanol in the laboratory. The extracted V. trifolia var.simplicifolia was analyzed and found to be high in antioxidant activity of phenolic compound. The result shows that the extracted V. trifolia var. simplicifolia had high amount of total phenolic compound (44.66µg of GAE/mg of fresh weight). The plants secondary metabolites normally play role in cancer treatment.  Cytotoxicity activity of the extracted V. trifolia var.simplicifolia was evaluated on MCF-7 (Breast cancer cell line), HT-29 (colorectal cancer cell line), and WRL-68 (normal liver cell line), and the results show that, cytotoxicity activity (IC50 values 78.87µg/ml, 77.50µg/ml, and 78.29µg/ml, respectively).  <#LINE#> @ @ Chaitra H., Madhuri M., Nitisha S.T., Arijit D., Sourav B. and Rohit, K.C., Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties, Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Leaf Extracts of Punica granatum L., ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 32-37 (2012) @No $ @ @ Verma V., Bhardwaj A., Rathi S. and Raja R.B., A Potential Antimicrobial Agent from Cocos nucifera mesocarp extract; Development of a New Generation Antibiotic,  ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 48-54 (2012) @No $ @ @ Shaziy B. and Goyal P.K., Anthelmintic effect of Natural Plant (Carica papaya) extract against the Gastrointestinal nematode, Ancylostoma caninum in Mice, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 2-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ Kanife U.C., Odesanmi O.S., Adekumle A.A. and Doherty V.F., Effects of Ethanol Extracts of Healthy and Infected Panicum maximum (Jacq.) Floret on liver and kidney function profile and histopathology in Sprague-dawley rats, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(5), 8-13 (2012) @No $ @ @ Bobade S.N. and Khyade V.B., Influence of Inorganic Nutrients on the activity of Enzyme, Nitrate reductase in the leaves of Mulberry, Morus alba (L) (M-5 variety), Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(5), 14-21 (2012) @No $ @ @ Khyade V.B., Shukla K.K. and Sarawade J.P., Juvenoid activity of some non mulberry plant extractives through inhibition of chitin deposition in the integument of fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: PM x CSR2), Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(ISC-2011) @No $ @ @ ,6-6 (2012) @No $ @ @ 7.Jeetendra S. and Dilip Kumar A., Ethno Medicinal Plants used by Tribal Communities for the Treatment of Snakebite in West Nimar, MP, India,  ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 77- 79 (2012) @No $ @ @ 8.Muthusamy P., Murugan S. and Smitha M., Removal of Nickel ion from Industrial Waste Water Using Maize Cob, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 7- 11 (2012) @No $ @ @ 9.Aweng E.R., Anwar A.I., Siti Rafiqah M.I. and Suhaimi O., Cassia alata as a Potential Coagulant in Water Treatment, Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(2), 28-33 (2012) @No $ @ @ 0.Mangale Sapana M., Chonde Sonal G. and Raut P.D., Use of Moringa oleifera (Drumstick) seed as Natural Absorbent and an Antimicrobial agent for Ground Water Treatment,  Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 1(3), 31-40 (2012) @No $ @ @ Salah EL-Kousy, Mona Mohamed and Shimaa Mohamed, Phenolic and biological activities of Vitex trifolia aerials parts, Life Science Journal, 9(2), 670-677 (2012) @No $ @ @ 2.Thompson L., What Substance Gives Plants Their Green Color? http:wwwwehow.com/how-does 5470613 substance-gives-plants-green-color.html  [12 October 2010] (2009) @No $ @ @ 3.Blakesley K., Peak Fall Colors:Why Do Leaves Change Color? http://webchace.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:yXAaAmRgvSQJ:www.associatedcontent.com/article/224519/peak fall colors why do leaveschange.html+factor+destroying+chlorophyll&cd=1&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&client=firefox-a  [12 October 2010] (2009) @No $ @ @ 4.Holcorft D.M. and Kader A.A., Carbon Dioxide- Induced Changes in color and Anthocyanin Synthesis of Stored Strawberry Fruit, HortScience,  36(7), 1244-1248 (1999) @No $ @ @ 5.Romero C. and Bakker R., Interaction Between Grape Anthocyanins and Pyruvic Acid, with Effect of pH and Acid Concentration on Anthocyanin Composition and Color in Model Solutions Interaction, Journal of Agriculture Food Chemical, 47(8), 3130-3139 (1999) @No $ @ @ 6.Huang S., Pettaway C.A., Uehara H., Bucana C.D. and Fidler I.J., Blockade of NF-kB activity in human prostate cancer cells is associated with suppression of angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, Oncogene,20, 4188-4197 (2001) @No $ @ @ ISCA J. Biological Sci.  International Science Congress Association 68and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer, Life Sciences, 74, 2157-2184 (2003) @No $ @ @ 8.Singleton V.L. and Rossi J.A., Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents, American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 16, 144-158 (1965) @No $ @ @ 19.Pikarsky E. Porat R.M., Stein I., Bramovitch R.A., Amit S., Kasem S., Gutkovich-Pyest E., Urieli-Shoval S., Galun E. and Ben-Neriah Y.,  NF-kappaB functions as a tumour promoter in inflammation-associated cancer,  Nature, 431, 461- 466 (2004) @No $ @ @ 0.Lin A. and Karin M., NF-kB in Cancer: a Market Target, Semin, Cancer Biology13, 107-114 (2003) @No $ @ @ 1.Henriquez C., Almonacid S., Chiffelle I., Valenzuela T., Araya M., Cebezas L., Simpson R. and Speisky H., Determination of Antioxidant Capacity, Total Phenolic Content and Mineral Composition of Different Fruit Tissue of Five Apple Cultivars Grown in Chile, Chilean Journal of Agricultural Resources, 70(4), 523-536 (2010) @No $ @ @ Osorio-Esquivel O., Ortiz-Moreno A., Alvarez A.B., Dorora-Alvarez L. and Giuti M.M., Phenolics betacyanins and antioxidant activity in Opuntia joconostle fruits, Food Research International, 44(7), 2160-2168 (2011) @No $ @ @ 3.Wu L.C., Hsu H.W., Chen Y.C., Chiu C.C., Lin Y.I. and Ho J.A., Antioxidant and anti proliferative activities of red pitaya, Food Chemistry, 95(2), 319-327 (2006) @No $ @ @ 4.Gungor N. and Sengul M., Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content and Selected Physicochemical Properties of White Mulberry (Morus Alba L.) Fruits, International Journal of Food Properties, 11(1), 44-52 (2008) @No
<#LINE#>Bacteriological status of Street-Vended foods and Public Health Significance: A Case study of Buldana District, MS, India<#LINE#>A.M.@Garode,S.M.@Waghode<#LINE#>69-71<#LINE#>13.ISCA-JBS-2012-073.pdf<#LINE#> PG Dept. of Microbiology, Shri Shivaji Science and Arts College, Chikhli, Dist- Buldana, MS, INDIA <#LINE#>1/6/2012<#LINE#>10/6/2012<#LINE#>  Data collected from street-vended food enterprises and on vendors from the urban area of cities of Buldana districts, MS revealed that, they provide a variety of ready-to-eat foods to a high proportion of the populations. Handling and trading practices of street vendors is not permit to obtain safe food. While, street-vended foods are easily contaminated by food borne pathogen. Street-vended foods (Ragda-Petis, Bhel, and Panipuri) sold by street vendors were analyzed for their microbial contents during initial rainy season. The total viable counts of all 60 samples were approximately 6.7 – 15 X 10cfu/100ml with significant load of E. coli and S.typhi. Almost 70% of the street-vended food samples collected from street vendors are showed high bacterial load. Our results demonstrate the non hygienic quality of most popular types of street vended foods i.e. Ragda-Petis, Bhel and Panipuri. The emerging needs have followed the control measures to improve microbial quality of street vended foods. <#LINE#> @ @ World Health Organization, Essential Safety Requirements For Street-Vended Foods (Revised Edition)Unit, Division of Food and Nutrition, DIST.: GENERAL. WHO/FNU/FOS/96.7, WHO, Geneva (1996) @No $ @ @ Barro N., Bello A.R., Itsiembou Y., Savadogo A., Owattara CAT, Nikiema P, De SC, Traore AS, Street vended foods Improvement: Contamination Mechanism and Application of food safety objective strategy: Critical Review. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition6(1):3.Hanoshiro A., Morita M., Matte G.R., Matte M.H., Torres EAFS, Microbiological quality of selected foods from a restricted area of Sao Paulo city, Brazil, 439-444 (2004) @No $ @ @ 4.Ghosh M., Wahi S., Ganguli K.M., Prevalence of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella spp. in some raw street vended Indian foods, Int. J Environ Health Res.17(2), 151-6 (2007) @No $ @ @ 5.Bryan F.L., Risks associated with practices, procedures, and processes that lead to outbreaks of food borne diseases, J. Food Prot. 51, 663-673 (1998) @No $ @ @ Barro N., Bello A.R., Itsiembou Y., Savadogo A., Traore AS, Street vended foods Improvement: Contamination Mechanism and Application of food safety objective strategy: Critical 6(1): 1-10 (2007) @No $ @ @ Hanoshiro A., Morita M., Matte G.R., Matte M.H., Torres ological quality of selected foods from a restricted area of Sao Paulo city, Brazil, Food control16,Ghosh M., Wahi S., Ganguli K.M., Prevalence of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella spp. in Int. J Environ Health Bryan F.L., Risks associated with practices, procedures, and processes that lead to outbreaks of food borne (1998) @No $ @ @ 6.World Health Organization, Geneva Sitzerland ISBN 154574 7. http://www.who.int/foodsafety/genarl/en/strategy-en.pdf. (2002) @No $ @ @ 7.Rehydration Project, http://www.rehydrate.orgchild_deaths.htm visité 20 /09/04 8.World health Organization, WHO global strategy for food safety safer food for better health. World Health Organization, Geneva Sitzerland http://www.who.int/foodsafety/genarl/en/strategy-en.pdf (2002) @No $ @ @ World health Organization, 2002b. Foof safety and foodborne illness,Fact Sheet, 10.Barro N., Nikiéma P., Ouattara C.A.T. and Traoré A.S., Evaluation de l’hygiène et de la qualité microbiologique de quelques aliments rue et les caractéristiques des consommateurs dans les villes de Ouagadougou et de Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso), 25, 7-21 (2002) @No $ @ @ Colins J.E., Impact of changing consumer lifestyles on the emergence/reemergence of foodborne pInfect. Dis., 3, 471-479 (1997) @No $ @ @ 2.Mensah P., Yeboah-Manu D., OwusuAblorde A., Street foods in Accra, Ghana: how safe are they?. Bull W.H.O., 80, 546-54 13.Collins C.H. and Patricia M. LyneMethods. Butterworth World Student Reprint, London (1980) @No $ @ @ 4..P.H.A, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20thed, edited by Andrew D Eaton (American Public Health Association, Washington DC) Part 9000: 9-140 (1998) @No $ @ @ World Health Organization, Geneva Sitzerland ISBN 924 http://www.who.int/foodsafety/ publications/ (2002) @No $ @ @ http://www.rehydrate.org /facts/ 20 /09/04 (2004) @No $ @ @ World health Organization, WHO global strategy for food safety safer food for better health. World Health Organization, Geneva Sitzerland http://www.who.int/foodsafety/ publications/ (2002) @No $ @ @ World health Organization, 2002b. Foof safety and , nE237, 7 (2002) @No $ @ @ Barro N., Nikiéma P., Ouattara C.A.T. and Traoré A.S., Evaluation de l’hygiène et de la qualité microbiologique de s rue et les caractéristiques des consommateurs dans les villes de Ouagadougou et de Dioulasso (Burkina Faso), Rev. Sci. Tec. Sci. Santé, Colins J.E., Impact of changing consumer lifestyles on the emergence/reemergence of foodborne pathogens, Emerg. (1997) @No $ @ @ Manu D., Owusu-Darko K. and Ablorde A., Street foods in Accra, Ghana: how safe are 54 (2002) @No
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and their Mitigation Strategies for Food Security in Agriculture: A Review<#LINE#>P.@Suryavanshi,S.@Babu,@BaghelJ.K.,G.@Suryavanshi<#LINE#>72-77<#LINE#>14.ISCA-JBS-2012-061.pdf<#LINE#>College of Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, P.A.U, Ludhiana (PB), INDIA@Scientist, I.C.A.R Research complex for NEH Region, Sikkim centre, Sikkim, INDIA@Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, INDIA@Assistant manager, T.M.I.L, Paradeep, Orissa, INDIA<#LINE#>28/5/2012<#LINE#>11/6/2012<#LINE#>  Global warming is the observed increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere and oceans in recent decades. Global surface temperature increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the last century. The intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) concludes that most of the observed temperature increases since the middle of the 20th century was caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases resulting from human activity such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation..  A rise in earth’s temperatures can in turn root to other alterations in the ecology, including an increasing sea level and modifying the quantity and pattern of rainfall. The 2001 IPCC third assessment report concluded that the poorest countries would be hardest hit, with reductions in crop yields in most tropical and sub-tropical regions due to decreased water availability, and new or changed insect pest incidence. Increasing temperature would increase fertilizer requirement for the same production targets; and result in higher emissions. The agricultural sector is both an emitter of greenhouse gases and a victim of global warming. Agriculture accounts for roughly 14% of global GHGs or about 6.8 Gt of COequivalents (e) per year.Mitigation of global warming involves taking actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to enhance sinks aimed at reducing the extent of global warming. It can be done through conservation by reducing energy needs and efficient recycling and through use of alternate energy sources like nuclear, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, solar and fusion energy. Soil carbon sequestration off-set emissions from fossil fuel combustion and other carbon-emitting activities while enhancing soil quality and long-term agronomic productivity. It can be done through conservation tillage, residue management, green manuring and agro forestry system. Significant amount of diesel requirement and corresponding emission of CO is reduced in case of zero tillage compared to conventional tillage. Modification of water management from continuous flooding to midseason drainage or alternate flooding will reduce the methane emission by 23 and 61 % respectively. Site-specific nutrient management is a plant need-based approach for ‘feeding’ rice with nutrients as when needed with the help of leaf colour chart and SPAD meter significantly reducing NO loss.  <#LINE#> @ @ ILO, Employment by sector. In Key indicators of the labour market  KILM), 5thedition. Availableat: www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/kilm/download/kilm04.pdf (20002.NATCOM, India’s Initial National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 268 Ministry of Environment and Forests (20043.IPCC, Climate Change The Physical Science Basis, Summary for Policymakers, Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) @No $ @ @ 4.Pathak H., Prasad S., Bhatia A., Singh S., Kumar S., Singh J. and Jain M.C., Methane emission from  rice-wheat cropping system of India in relation to irrigation, farmyard manure and dicyandiamide application, Agric. Ecosys. Environ., 97, 309–316 (2003) @No $ @ @ 5.Rao S., Rao M.G.V. and Venkateswaalu B., Impact of climate change on insect pests, In Lead Papers, National Symposium on Climate Change and Rainfed Agriculture, February 18-20, 2010, Indian Society of Dryland Agriculture, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India-500 059, 43-54 (2010) @No $ @ @ 6.Maheswari M., Vanaja M., Arun K. Shanker and Venkateswaralu B., Strategies for developing climate ready crop varieties, In : Lead Papers, National Symposium on Climate Change and Rainfed Agriculture, February 18-20, 2010, Indian Society of Dryland Agriculture, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India-500 059, 27-36 (2010) @No $ @ @ 7.Kalra N., Chakraborty D., Sharma A., Impact of climatic variability and climate change on soil and crop productivity, Sci. Cult., 2002, 68, 233–243 (2008) @No $ @ @ 8.Ravi Shankar K., Nagasree K., Padmanabhan M.V. and Venkateswaralu B., Farmer’s perceptions and adaptation measures towards climate change in Ananthapur district of Andhra Pradesh, In: Extended Summaries, National Symposium on Climate Change and Rainfed Agriculture, February 18-20, 2010, Indian Society of Dryland Agriculture, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India-500 059, 437-440 (2010) @No $ @ @ 9.IPCC, Special Report of IPCC Working Group III, Emissions scenarios(including Summary for Policymakers, which is available in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish(2000) @No $ @ @ 10.Nayak D.R., Adhya T.K., Babu Y.J., Datta A., Ramakrishnan B. and Rao V.R., Methane emission from a flooded field of Eastern India as influenced by planting date and age of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings, Agr Ecosys Environ.,115, 79–87 (2006) @No
<#LINE#>Importance of Exploration of Microbial Biodiversity<#LINE#>Vibha@Bhardwaj,Neelam@Garg<#LINE#>78-83<#LINE#>15.ISCA-JBS-2012-074.pdf<#LINE#> Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, INDIA<#LINE#>1/6/2012<#LINE#>8/6/2012<#LINE#>  The microbial world is the largest unexplored reservoir of biodiversity on the earth. It is an important frontier in biology under intensive investigations. The exploration of microbial diversity has been spurred by the fact that microbes are essential for life since they perform numerous functions essential for the biosphere that include nutrient recycling and environmental detoxification. The management and exploitation of microbial diversity has an important role in sustainable development with the industrial and commercial application of microbial diversity worth millions of rupees. Given the heterogeneity of natural environments and the enormous potential of microorganisms to provide novel pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals and new technologies, the biotechnology industry has a vast, largely untapped resource for the discovery of new chemicals and novel processes. However, despite the obvious economic value of microbial diversity, microorganisms have been largely ignored in debates on the conservation and management of global diversity. There is, therefore, an urgent need to persuade policy-maker to be more concerned about the conservation, management and exploitation of microbial diversity. There are a number of reasons why the conservation of microbial diversity has not received the same attention as plants and animals. For example, microorganisms are invisible, less familiar and perceived primarily as agents of disease. With respect to the role of microorganisms in sustainable development, little is known about the potential contribution of microbial diversity to the national economy, to wealth creation and to improvements in the quality of life. An appreciation of these factors might be one way of changing government and public perception of microorganisms by showing that the sustainable use of microbial diversity has positive economic value. This would help justify the costs involved in conserving microbial diversity, but equally provide a useful indicator of the costs of inaction. In terms of the scientific rationale needed to underpin policy, quantification of microbial diversity has been limited. This makes it difficult to indicate what needs to be conserved in order to support the biotechnology industries and to understand fully the interactions between organisms responsible for maintaining a functional ecosystem. <#LINE#> @ @ Hooper D.U. and Vitousek P.M., The effects of plantcomposition and diversity on ecosystem processes, Science, 277, 1302-1305 (1997) @No $ @ @ Naeem S., Hahn D.R. and Schumann G., Producer decomposer codependency influence biodiversity effects, Nature, 403, 762-764 (2000) @No $ @ @ Mikola J. and Setala H., Relating species diversity to ecosystem functioning: mechanistic backgrounds and experimental approach with a decomposer food web, Oikas, 83, 189-194 (1996) @No $ @ @ Van der Heijden M.G.A., Klironomos J.N., Ursic M., Moutoglis P., Streitwolf E.R., Boller T.,  Wiemken A. and Sanders I.R., Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity, ecosystem variability and productivity, Nature, 396, 69-72 (1998) @No $ @ @ Naeem S., Thompson I.J., Lawler S.P., Lawton J.H. and Woodfin R.M., Declining biodiversity can alter the performance of ecosystems, Nature, 368, 734-737 (1994) @No $ @ @ Morin P.J., The complexity of codependency, Nature, 403,718- 719 (2000) @No $ @ @ Harte J. and Kinzig A.P., Mutualism and competition between plants and decomposers: implications for nutrient allocation in ecosystems, Am. Nat., 141, 829-846 (1993) @No $ @ @ Zedan H., The economic value of microbial diversity, Biotechnology, 43, 178-185 (1993) @No $ @ @ Doran J.W., Parkin T.B., Defining and assessing soil quality, In J.W. Doran (eds.) Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment,SSSA Spec. Publ. 35. SSSA, Madison, WI, 3-21(1994) @No $ @ @ Staben M.L., Bezdicek D.F., Smith J.L., Fauci M.F., Assessment of soil quality in conservation research programmed and wheat-fallow soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 61, 124-130 (1997) @No $ @ @ Torsvik V., Salte K., Sorheim R. and Goksoyr J., Comparison of phenotypic diversity and DNA heterogeneity in a population of soil bacteria, Appl. Environ. Micrbiol., 56, 776-781 (1990) @No $ @ @ Torsvik V., Goksoyr J., Daae F., High diversity of DNA of soil bacteria, Appl. Envion. Microbiol., 56, 782-787 (1990) @No $ @ @ Klug M. and Tiedje J, Response of microbial communities to changing environmental conditions: Chemical and physiological approaches, in R. Guerrero, R. and C. Pedros-Alio C (eds.) Trends in microbial ecology, Barcelona: Spanish society for microbiology, 371-378 (1994) @No $ @ @ Singh V., Joshi B.B., Awasthi S.K. and Srivastava S.N., Eco-freindly management of red rot disease of sugarcane, Sugar Tech.,10, 158- 161 (2008a) @No $ @ @ , Singh V, Srivastava S.N, Lal R.J, Awasthi S.K, Joshi B.B (2008b) @No $ @ @ 5.Singh K. and Srivastava S.N., Mycoflora of underground parts of poorly sprouted stubble, Indian Phytopath, 37, 126-131 (1984) @No $ @ @ 6.Embley T. and Stackebrandt E., The use of 16 S ribosomal RNA sequences in microbial ecology, In Pickup R., Saunders J. and Codd G. (eds.), Ecological approaches to environmental microbiology, Oxford: Chapman and Hall, (1994) @No $ @ @ 7.Chandra S. and Kehri H.K., Biotechnology of VAM – Indian Senario, New Delhi publishing agency, Pritampura, New Delhi- 110088,413 (2006) @No