ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences _________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 1(2), 77-79, June (2012) ISCA J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 77 Short CommunicationEthno Medicinal Plants used by Tribal Communities for the Treatment of Snakebite in West Nimar, MP, India Sainkhediya Jeetendra and Aske Dilip KumarDepartment of Botany, PMB Gujarati Science College Indore, MP, INDIA 21Department of Botany, Holkar Science College Indore, MP, INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in (Received 16th February 2012, revised 6th April 2012, accepted 15th April 2012)Abstract Seven Village of Khargone district of Madhya Pradesh, India were selected for observing folklore claims on some plant species used for the treatment of snakebite. Various plants parts are being used in different ways. The study revealed 26 taxa belonging to 25 genera and 16 families of flowering plants. To ascertain credibility of folklore claims, a comparison on use has been made. Keywords: Ethno medicine, folklore, snakebite, medicinal plants.IntroductionWest Nimar district is the home of tribals and forest dwellers. More than 30% of the population consists of the tribal people with immense traditional knowledge. Traditional knowledge often includes practices based on observations. Multifarious uses of plants among multiethnic societies are all practice based observations. Study of traditional or folk medicines of tribals is called ethno medicine. A review of past literature on ethno botany indicates that sufficient research work has been done in various part of India. The present communication deals with the ethenomedicinal plants which is used by tribal people of west Nimar district of Madhya Pradesh, India for the Snakebite. Majority of the world’s population is still dependent on the traditional herbal medicine for their healthcare. Topographically Nimar region is situated centrally in Northern part covered with Vindhyan scabs and Southern part with Satpura hill ranges. Geographically, Khargone district is situated between 21°22' and 22°35' north latitudes and 74°25' and 76°14' east longitudes. The Khargone district region was formerly known as west Nimar. It is situated on the bank of Kunda River. The vegetation is the typical of arid regions with thorny trees like babul, soya bean, wheat, cotton. Chilly, arhar, juwar are main crops of this area. It is famous for the cotton and chilly production. The district is divided into 08 Tehsils and has 1407 Villages. About 40% of the population consists of tribal people bhil, bhilala, barela, tadvi, banjara, gond, korku and mankar are most common tribes. Tribal communities have an intricate relationship with their surrounding vegetation. In the study, emphasis has been laid on plants species, used against snakebite by tribal people in 07 village of Khargone, district of M.P. India. It would also strengthen the credibility of plants, which are used at many regions for the same purpose, i.e. Snakebite for obtaining such results a comparative account of observations of all 07 villages has been made. Material and Methods The present study was done during 2009-2010. The information was collected from various villages such as Shrikhandi, Raibidpura, Raibid, Oon, Chotioon, Baniharand Nandgawon. The information was gathered through questionnaire method and discussions with tribal, local healers.The herbarium sheets were prepared and identification was done following the standard literature5-7.Plant collection carried out by standard method. Identification of plants done with the help of flora and other Taxonomic literature9-11.Information was gathered (figure -1) through questionnaire method and discussions with tribal, local healers (figure -2).Plant keeps between fold of blotting paper. Dried the plant specimens by herbarium press. Preserved Plant specimen Standard literature was followed12-14. Plant survey carried out by well planned schedule. All habitats of the study area surveyed carefully. Collected specimen by dipping the whole specimens in saturated solution of Mercuric chloride and alcohol. Dry and preserved plants mounted on herbarium sheets by adhesive glue and fevicols. Results and DiscussionThe study reveled in all 26 Taxa belonging to 25 genera and 16 families (table-1). These plants are used in snakebite in the seven village of Khargone district of Madhya Pradesh India. Important Taxa which are used by the tribal people are Achyranthes aspera, Ageratum conyzoides, Butea monosperma, Calotropis procera, Datura metal, Clitoria ternatea, Tamarindus indica and others. The above results were compared with ancient literature and recently published research papers and journals15-17. These useful plants need protection and more cultivation in the present context, so that the tribal people may more be benefited and our valuable flora may also survive. ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202Vol. 1(2), 77-79, June (2012) ISCA J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 78 Figure-1 Figure – 2 Figure – 3 Information gathered Discussions with tribal and local healers Snake with man ConclusionIn this paper conclusion is made on the basis of plant species and their medicinal uses. Paper of our study is given very valuable information of conservation and maintenance of biodiversity and tribal’s traditional knowledge documentations. Acknowledgment Authors are grateful to district administration of Khargone, M.P. for providing facilities in forest. Jeetendra Sainkhediya and Dilip kumar aske is thankful to the Head, Department of Botany for encouragement and facilities. Cooperation extended by the tribal people, medicine men is gratefully acknowledged. References 1.Mahajan S.K. et.al., A preliminary survey of the Anthelminitic plants used by the tribals of west Nimar district, M.P. Plant Diversity Human Welfare and Conservation, 289-292 (2003) 2.Patil H.M., Ethno botanical Notes on Satpura Hills of Nandurbar District, Maharashtra, India, Res.J.Recent.Sci.,1(ISC-2011), 326-328 (2012)3.Patil Sunil J. and Patil H.M., Ethno medicinal Herbal Recipes from Satpura Hill Ranges of Shirpur Tahsil, Dhule, Maharashtra, India, Res. J .Recent. Sci.,1(ISC-2011), 333-336 (2012)4.Sainkhediya Jeetendra and Ray Sudip, Preliminary study of flowering plant Diversity of Nimar region, Bioscience Discovery, (1), 70-72 (2012) 5.Cooke T., Flora of the Presidency of Bombay, BSI Calcutta (1957)6.Kirtikar K.R. and Basu B.D., Indian Medicinal Plants,Vols. I - IV, Lalit Mohan Basu, Leader Road, Allahabad, India, 2793 (1935)7.Solanki C.M., Flora of Indore Ph.D. Thesis, D.A.V.V., Indore MP (1984)8.Jain S.K. and Rao R.R., A Handbook of herbarium methods Today and Tomorrow, New Delhi (1977)9.Sinha B.K. and Shukla B.K., Synoptic flora of Khargone district Madhya Pradesh-3 Hydrocartitaceae to Poaceae, J. Econ. Tax. Bot. 31(1), 120-149 (2009) 10.Sinha B.K. and Shukla B.K., Synoptic flora of Khargone district Madhya Pradesh-3 Hydrocartitaceae to Poaceae, J. Econ, Tax. Bot. 31(2), 487-642 (2007)11.Sinha B.K. and Shukla B.K., Synoptic flora of Khargone district Madhya Pradesh-3 Hydrocartitaceae to Poaceae, J. Econ, Tax. Bot.31(3), 642-695 (2007)12.Chopra R.N., Nayar S.L. and Chopra I.C., Glossary of Indian medicinal plants, C.S.I.R. New Delhi (1956) 13.Tarafdar C.R. and Jain S.K., Native plant remedies for snakebite among adivasis of central India, Ind. Med. J., 57(12), 307-309 (1968)14.Jain S.K., Credibility of traditional knowledge the criterion of multi locational and multiethnic use, Indian J. traditional knowledge,3(2), 137-153 (2004)15.Sekhar J. et.al., Ethanic information and treatments for Snakebites in Kadapa District of Andhra Pradesh, Life Science Leaflets(12), 368-375 (2011)16.Antony G.et.al., Herbs and Indigenous Knowledge of Medicinal Plants used by Saperas community of Khetawas, Jhajjar District, Haryana India, Jour. of Ethnobio. and Ethnomed, , 4 (2010) 17.Houghton P.J. and Osibogun T.M., Flowering plant used against Snakebite, J. Ethanopharma,39(1), 1-29 (1993) ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202Vol. 1(2), 77-79, June (2012) ISCA J. Biological Sci. International Science Congress Association 79 Table-1 Enumeration of plantsS. No. Local name Family Botanical name Plant part used 1. AdhijharaAmaranthaceae Achyrenhes aspera L Root 2. ChirchiriAmaranthaceae Achyranthes porphyristachya W Root 3. Chaulai Amaranthaceae Amaranthus blitum L Root 4. DhavdaCombretaceaeAnogeissus latifolia W Whole plants 5. SahdeviAsteraceaeAgeratum congzoides Leaf 6. Hingot SimaroubaceaeBalanties aegyptiace Fruit 7. Dhak FabaceaeButea monosperma Leaf 8. Sarson BrassicaceaeBrassica campestris L Seed 9. Chironji AnacardiaceaeBuchanania lauzan Bark 10. Madar AsclepiadaceaeCalotripis procera R Root 11. Aak AsclepiadaceaeCalotripis gigantea R Root 12. Marchiya SolanaceaeCapsicum annum L Root 13. Amaltash CaesalpiniaceaeCassia fistula L fruit pulp, seeds and leaves 14. Hulhul CleomaceaeCleome gynandra Whole plant 15. Gokarni FabaceaeClitoria ternatea Root 16. Vachan ka rellaMenispermaceaeCocculus villous (L.) DC. Root 17. Kala DhaturaSolanaceaeDatura metal L Seeds 18. Tendu EbenaceaeDiospyros Melanoxylon R Seed 19. AnantmulAsclepiadaceaeHemidemus indicus L Root 20. Dudhkhuri ApocynaceaeHolarrhena antidysenteria Bark 21. Dudhkhuri AsclepiadaceaeGymnema sylvestre Root 22. Lajwanti MimosaceaeMimosa pudica Root 23. Nagphani CactaceaeOpuntia vulgaris M Root 24. Dupaharia Sterculiaceae Pentapetes Phoenicea Root 25. Amli CaesalpiniaceaeTamarindus indica L Seed 26. Sagwan VerbenaceaeTectona grandis L Bark