@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Utilization of Grape Seed oil, Linalool and Drakshsava for Improvement of Quality Silk-Cocoons from Silk Spinning Worm, Bombyx mori (L)<#LINE#>Vitthalrao Bhimasha @Khyade,Nikhil Pandit @Khanapure <#LINE#>1-10<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-020.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Sharadabai Pawar Mahila Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shardanagar Tal. Baramati Dist. Pune – 413115, India@Department of Chemistry, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University, Solapur, Maharashtra-413 255, India<#LINE#>10/4/2025<#LINE#>25/10/2025<#LINE#>The nutrition quality and health of larval instars exert influence on quality of the silk yield in sericulture. The acetone solutions of oil from Grape-Seeds (10 ml oil from Grape-Seeds dissolved in 90 ml acetone) and ten microliters of acetone solutions of 100 ppm linalool (one part of a substance per one million parts of a solution / mg per liter) were utilized in this attempt through the topical applications to the fifth stages of larvae of silk spinning worm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: Double Hybrid). The larvae fed with leaves of mulberry treated with water solution of Drakshasav; group of larvae topically applied with acetone solutions of oil from Grape-Seeds (10 ppm) followed by feeding leaves of mulberry treated with aqueous solution of Drakshasav were also maintained. Fifth Instar Larval Life Duration (Hours) and Tissue-Somatic-Index (T.S.I.) of silk-glands in fifth instar silk spinning worms of control group, group from treated with oil from Grape-Seeds; Linalool treated group; group fed with leaves of mulberry treated with water solution of Drakshasav and group treated with oil of Grape-Seeds treated (topical) followed feeding with leaves of mulberry treated with water solution of Drakshasav were recorded 145.33 ( 13.786), 31.426; 168.73( 13.221), 52.625; 177.46 ( 13.786), 52.728; 162.87(14.572), 52.759 and 168.58(18.789), 53.854 units respectively. The Cocoon-Shell-Ratio of control group, Grape-Seed-Oil treated group; Linalool treated group; group fed with leaves of mulberry treated with aqueous solution of Drakshasav and group treated with Grape-Seed-Oil treated acetone (topical) followed feeding with leaves of mulberry treated with water solution of Drakshasav were recorded 19.422; 23.970; 27.989; 28.048 and 28.378 units respectively. Denier scale of silk filament spun by fifth instar silkworms of control group, Grape-Seed-Oil treated group; Linalool treated group; group fed with leaves of mulberry treated with water solution of Drakshasav and group treated with Grape-Seed-Oil treated acetone (topical) followed feeding by leaves of mulberry treated with aqueous solution of Drakshasav were recorded 3.243; 4.706; 4.793; 4.882 and 4.948 units respectively. The range of improvements of tissue-somatic-index (TSI) of silk glands; Shell-Ratio of cocoon and Denier-scale of silk-filament through treatment was 52.625 to 53.854; 23.970 to 28.378 and 4.706 to 4.948 respectively. Efficient use of source of juvenoids like linalool, grape seed oil and drakshasav in desired solvent for treating the larvae serves to orchestrate the progress of metamorphosis.<#LINE#>Field, C. B., Behrenfeld, M. J., Randerson, J. T., & Falkowski, P. (1998).@Primary production of the biosphere: integrating terrestrial and oceanic components.@science, 281(5374), 237-240.@Yes$Williams PJ. (1993).@Hydrolytic flavour release in fruit and wines through hydrolysis of nonvolatile precursors. In Flavour science - Sensible principles and techniques. Acree TE, Teranishi R. (Ed).@American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., 287-303.@Yes$Versini G, Carlin S, Nicolini G, Dellacassa E, Carrau F. (1999).@Updating of varietal aroma components in wines. In VII Congreso Latinoamericano de Viticultura y Enología. La Vitivinicultura del Hemisferio Sur.@Mendoza, Argentina, 325-349.@Yes$Rapp A. and Mandery H. (1986).@Wine aroma.@Experientia, 42, 873-884.@Yes$Boulton RB, Singleton VL, Bisson LF and Kunkee RE. (1996).@Principles and Practices of Wine Making.@Chapman & Hall, NY, 604.@Yes$Swiegers JH, Bartowsky EJ, Henschke PA, Pretorius IS. (2005).@Yeast and bacterial modulation of wine aroma and flavour.@Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 11, 139-173.@Yes$Henschke PA and Jiranek V. (1993).@Yeast: Metabolism of nitrogen compounds. In: Wine Microbiology and Biotechnology.@Fleet GH (Ed). Harwood Academic Publishers pp. 77-164.@Yes$Rapp A and Güntert M. (1985).@Changes in aroma substances during the storage of white wines in bottles.@In 4th International Flavor Conference, In The Shelf Life of Foods and Beverages, Rhodes, Greece, 141-167.@Yes$Rapp A, Güntert M and Uh Z. (1985).@Changes in aroma substances during the storage in bottles of white wines of the Riesling variety.@Zeitschrift fur Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und-Forschung, 180, 109-116.@Yes$Versini G, Orriols I and Dalla Serra A. (1994).@Aroma components of Galician Albariño, Loureira and Godello wines.@Vitis, 33, 165-170.@Yes$Skouroumounis GK and Sefton MA. (2000).@Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of alcohols and their b-D-glucopyranosides.@Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48, 2033-2039.@Yes$Williams PJ, Sefton MA and Leigh F. (1992).@Glycosidic precursors of varietal grape and wine flavor.@In Flavor precursors: thermal and enzymatic conversions. ACS Symposium Series 490. Teranishi R, Takeoka GR, Guntert, M. (Ed). American Chemical Society, Washington, pp. 74-86.@Yes$Boido E, Lloret A, Medina K, Carrau F, Dellacassa E. (2002).@Effect of b-glycosidase activity of Oenococcusoeni on the glycosylated flavor precursors of Tannat wine during the malolactic fermentation.@Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 2344-2349.@Yes$Aizpurua-Olaizola O, Ormazabal M, Vallejo A, et al. (2015).@Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Consecutive Extractions of Fatty Acids and Polyphenols from Vitis Vinifera Grape Wastes.@Journal of Food Science. 80(1), E101–E107. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12715.@Yes$Chandrashekhar Gopalji Thakkur (1974), Introduction to Ayurveda, the science of life, ASI Publishers, ISBN 9780883210055,@undefined@undefined@Yes$Williams, C. M. (1956).@The Juvenile Hormone of Insects.@Nature., 178, 212-213.@Yes$Slama, K. (1971).@Insect juvenile hormone analogues.@Ann. Rev. Biochem., 40, 1079-1102.@Yes$Gopakumar B., Ambika, B. and Prabhu, V. K. K. (1977).@Juvenomimetic activity in some south Indian plants and their probable cause of this activity in Morus alba (L).@Entomon, 2, 259-261.@Yes$Khyade, V. B., Patil, S. B., Khyade, S. V. and Bhawane G. P. (2002).@Influence of acetone maceratives of Vitis vinifera (L) on the larval parameters of silk worm, Bombyx mori (L).@Indian Journal of Comparative Animal Physiology, 20:14-18.@Yes$Khyade V. B. (2004).@Influence of juvenoids on silk worm, Bombyx mori (L).@Ph.D. Thesis, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India.@Yes$Zaoral, M. and Slama, K. (1970).@Peptides with juvenile hormone activity.@Science, 170, 92-93.@Yes$Slama, K. (1971).@Insect juvenile hormone analogues.@Ann. Rev. Biochem., 40, 1079-1102.@Yes$Gopakumar B., Ambika, B. and Prabhu, V. K. K. (1977).@Juvenomimetic activity in some south Indian plants and their probable cause of this activity in Morus alba (L).@Entomon, 2, 259-261.@Yes$Khyade V. B., Patil, S. B., Khyade, S. V. and Bhawane, G. P. (2003).@Influence of acetone maceratives of Vitis vinifera on the economic parameters of silk worm, Bombyx mori (L).@Indian Journal of Comparative Animal Physiology, 21, 28-32.@Yes$Mamatha, D. N., Nagalakshmma, K. and Rajeshwara Rao, M. (1999).@Impact of selected Juvenile Hormone Mimics on the organic constituents of silk worm.@Bombyx mori (L).@Yes$Martin, D. M.; Gershenzon, J.; Bohlmann, J. (2003).@Induction of Volatile Terpene Biosynthesis and Diurnal Emission by Methyl Jasmonate in Foliage of Norway Spruce.@Plant Physiology, 132(3), 1586–1599. doi:10.1104/pp.103.021196.PMC 167096.PMID 12857838.@Yes$Pichersky, E. (2006).@Biosynthesis of Plant Volatiles: Nature@. Science. 311 (5762): 808–811.@Yes$Vitthalrao B. Khyade and Karel Slama (2015).@Screening of acetone solution of FME and Selected Monoterpene Compounds for Juvenile Hormone Activity Through Changes in pattern of Chitin Deposition in the Integument of Fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (PM x CSR2).@IJBRITISH, 2(3), 68-90.@Yes$Krishnaswami, S., Narasimhana, M. N., Suryanarayana, S. K. and Kumaraj, S. (1978).@Sericulture Manual –ll: Silk worm Rearing.@F A O, United Nation’s Rome: 131.@Yes$Bailey, N. T. (1955).@Some problems in the statistical analysis of epidemic data.@Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 35-68.@Yes$Vitthalrao B. Khyade and Manfred Eigen (2018).@Key Role of Statistics for the Fortification of Concepts in Agricultural Studies.@International Academic Journal of Innovative Research, 5(3), 32-46.@Yes$Vitthalrao B. Khyade and Sidney Altman (2018).@Use of Herbal Terpenoid for topical application to fifth instars of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L).@International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(3),@Yes
<#LINE#>Investigation of Butterfly Species in Gairsain block of Chamoli District, Uttarakhand, India<#LINE#>Shilpa@.,Deepa @Pandey,Shankar @Kumar <#LINE#>11-17<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-021.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, SSJDWSSS GPG College Ranikhet–263645, Uttarakhand, India@Department of Zoology, SSJDWSSS GPG College Ranikhet–263645, Uttarakhand, India@Department of Mathematics, SSJDWSSS GPG College Ranikhet–263645, Uttarakhand, India<#LINE#>10/8/2025<#LINE#>20/9/2025<#LINE#>Butterflies are vital indicators of ecological health and also enhance the aesthetic value of habitats. This study examines the butterfly species, abundance and diversity from the Gairsain block in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, India. Field surveys were carried out from March 2023 to March 2025 in the study area. In the study area, we noted 2,223 individuals, 61 species across 6 families & 18 subfamilies within the super family Papilionoidea, during the research. The Nymphalidae family is dominant at 36%, followed by Pieridae at 21%, Lycaenidae at 18%, Papilionidae at 10%, Hesperiidae at 10%, and Riodinidae at 5%, making it the least common. Notably, species listed under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 2022, such as Delias sanaca (Schedule I) and Graphium cloanthus (Schedule II), were also documented. The results highlight the region's rich butterfly diversity and emphasise the importance of conserving local habitats to sustain a healthy environment. This research provides a valuable baseline for future studies, conservation efforts, and the promotion of butterfly-based ecotourism in Uttarakhand.<#LINE#>Robbins, R. K., & Opler, P. A. (1997).@Butterfly diversity and a preliminary comparison with bird and mammal diversity.@Biodiversity II: understanding and protecting our biological resources, 69-82.@Yes$Kocher S.D., & Williams, E.H. (2000).@The diversity and abundance of North American butterflies vary with habitat disturbance and geography.@Journal of biogeography, 27(4), 785-794.@Yes$Gascon, C., Lovejoy, T. E., Bierregaard Jr, R. O., Malcolm, J. R., Stouffer, P. C., Vasconcelos, H. L., Laurance, W.F., Zimmerman,  B., Tocher, M. and Borges, S. (1999).@Matrix habitat and species richness in tropical forest remnants.@Biological conservation, 91(2-3), 223-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00080-4.@Yes$TH, R. (2001).@Countryside biogeography of moths in a fragmented landscape: biodiversity in native and agricultural habitats.@Conserv Biol, 15, 378-388.@Yes$Sondhi, S. & K. Kunte (2018).@Butterflies of Uttarakhand Afield Guide.@M/s Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh (Dehradun), Titli Trust (Dehradun), National Centre for Biological Sciences (Bengaluru) & Indian Foundation of Butterflies (Bengaluru), pp 1-310.@No$Singh, A. P. and Sondhi, S. (2016).@Butterflies of Garhwal, Uttarakhand, western Himalaya, India.@Journal of Threatened Taxa, 8(4), 8666-8697.@Yes$Tiwari, P., Tiwari, J. K., & Singh, D. (2013).@Changing Scenario of Traditional Beekeeping in Garhwal Himalaya: A Case Study from Gairsain Block of district Chamoli, Uttarakhand.@International Journal of Life Sciences, 2(1), 16-20.@Yes$Burnham, K. P., Anderson, D. R., & Laake, J. L. (1980).@Estimation of density from line transect sampling of biological populations.@Wildlife monographs, (72), 3-202.@Yes$R.K.Varshney & P. Smetacek (2015).@A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India.@Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal and Indinov Publishing, New Delhi, pp 1-261.@No$Kumar P. (2008).@Handbook on common butterflies of Uttarakhand.@Zoological Survey of India, 1-136.@No
<#LINE#>Ebselen Mitigates Methylmercury-Induced Nephrotoxicity in NRK52E Cells<#LINE#>Pragati Kumari @Gupta,Hafizurrahman@. <#LINE#>18-26<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-022.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Maharani Janki Kunwar College, Bettiah, West Champaran, Bihar-845438, India@Department of Zoology, Maharani Janki Kunwar College, Bettiah, West Champaran, Bihar-845438, India<#LINE#>10/8/2025<#LINE#>25/9/2025<#LINE#>Mercury, a toxic environmental pollutant, is readily available in the biogeochemical cycle and poses serious health risks even at trace levels due to its tendency to bioaccumulate. Among its forms, methylmercury (MeHg) is the most toxic, capable of crossing both the placental barrier and blood-brain barrier. This study investigates the cellular toxicity of MeHg on normal rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK52E) and evaluates the protective potential of Ebselen, an organic selenium compound with antioxidant and metal-chelating properties. NRK52E cells were exposed to 0.5 µM, 1 µM, 5 µM and 10 µM concentrations of MeHg, both alone and in combination with 10 µM Ebselen. Multiple assays including MTT for cell viability, wound healing for cell migration, DCFDA for reactive oxygen species (ROS), real-time PCR for gene expression, and cell cycle analysis were performed to assess the extent of toxicity and protection. MeHg exposure led to a significant increase in ROS levels, accompanied by dysregulation of key oxidative stress and cell cycle-related genes such as cMYC, HIF-1α, VEGF, and MMP9. These molecular changes were associated with disrupted cell behaviour, impaired wound healing, and altered cell cycle progression, all indicating cellular toxicity. However, co-treatment with Ebselen significantly reversed these effects. ROS levels were reduced, gene expression patterns normalized, and cell cycle distribution improved. Ebselen’s ability to restore cellular homeostasis demonstrates its strong protective effect against MeHg-induced nephrotoxicity. This study highlights the potential of Ebselen as a therapeutic agent for mitigating mercury-induced kidney cell damage. It emphasizes the importance of early detection of nephrotoxic effects and timely antioxidant intervention to prevent long-term renal impairment caused by environmental toxins like MeHg.<#LINE#>Ke, T., et al. (2022).@Methylmercury-induced nephrotoxicity: mechanisms of oxidative stress and apoptosis.@Toxicology Letters, 362, 20–30.@No$Sakamoto, M., et al. (2021).@Mercury toxicology in the kidney: current understanding and perspectives.@Environmental Research, 195, 110849.@No$Fowler, B. A., et al. (2021).@Mercury and the kidney: a review of the literature and implications for human health.@Toxicology, 458, 152848.@No$Yao, D., et al. (2023).@Molecular insights into methylmercury-induced redox imbalance and protective role of antioxidants.@Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 201, 123–133.@No$Kaur, G., et al. (2021).@Oxidative stress and methylmercury nephrotoxicity: emerging insights into molecular mechanisms.@Journal of Applied Toxicology, 41(4), 552–563. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.4091@No$Silva-Palacios, A., et al. (2022).@Oxidative stress-induced expression of HIF-1α and MMP9 in renal injury models.@Cellular Signalling, 93, 110296.@No$Ghosh, R., et al. (2022).@Antioxidant-based strategies for combating heavy metal toxicity: focus on selenium compounds. Antioxidants, 11(9), 1702.@undefined@No$Zhao, X., et al. (2023).@Ebselen as a therapeutic antioxidant: advances and challenges.@Redox Biology, 58, 102568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2023.102568@No$Tsuboi, T., et al. (2023).@Ebselen mitigates nephrotoxicity in drug-induced acute kidney injury via GPx-mimetic activity.@Pharmaceuticals, 16(5), 687. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16050687@No$Kurauchi, Y., et al. (2022).@Protective effect of Ebselen on cisplatin-induced kidney injury through Nrf2 pathway activation.@Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 449, 116105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2022.116105@No$Branco, V., Caito, S., Farina, M., Teixeira da Rocha, J. B., Aschner, M. (2017).@Biomarkers of mercury toxicity: Past, present, and future trends.@Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 20(3), 119–154.@Yes$Farina, M., Rocha, J. B. T., & Aschner, M. (2011).@Mechanisms of methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity: Evidence from experimental studies.@Life Sciences, 89(15–16), 555–563.@Yes$Yoon, Y., Kim, Y., Kim, S. Y., et al. (2013).@Ebselen attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.@American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 304(8), F919–F927.@No$Mutter, J., Curth, A., Naumann, J., et al. (2007).@Does inorganic mercury play a role in Alzheimer’s disease? A systematic review and an integrated molecular mechanism.@Current Alzheimer Research, 4(2), 231–238.@Yes$Franco, J. L., Braga, H. C., Nunes, A. K. C., et al. (2009).@Lactational exposure to methylmercury induces neurotoxicity and motor deficits in weanling rats.@Neurotoxicology, 30(4), 591–599.@No$Aschner, Michael & Guilarte, Tomás & Schneider, Jay & Zheng, Wei. (2007).@Aschner M, Guilarte TR, Schneider JS, Zheng WManganese: recent advances in understanding its transport and neurotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 221:131-147.@Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 221. 131-47. 10.1016/j.taap.2007.03.001.@Yes$Vaidya, V. S., Ferguson, M. A., & Bonventre, J. V. (2010).@Biomarkers of acute kidney injury.@Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 48, 463–493.@Yes$Halliwell, B. (2011).@Free radicals and antioxidants – quo vadis?@Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 32(3), 125–130.@Yes$Chung, Y. J., Kim, J. M., Park, J. S., et al. (2008).@Roles of reactive oxygen species in the activation of HIF-1α and HIF-1 target genes in response to methylmercury.@Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283(26), 17073–17082.Milzani, A., Dalle-Donne, I., Colombo, R. (2000).@No
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>First Record of Colour Aberration in Common Woodshrike (Tephrodornis pondicerianus) from Aravalli Hills, Central Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>Saba @Khan,Muskan @Singh,Divaker @Yadav,Subhash @Chandra,Subroto @Dutta <#LINE#>27-29<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-019.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India and Department of Environmental Science (Centre for Excellence), Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India@Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India and Department of Environmental Science (Centre for Excellence), Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India@Department of Zoology, Samrat Prithviraj Chouhan Government College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India@Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India@Department of Environmental Science (Centre for Excellence), Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>19/7/2025<#LINE#>10/9/2025<#LINE#>Colour aberrations in birds are rare phenomena that provide insight into genetic, environmental, and physiological variations within species. This report documents a first observed case of possible brown aberration in the Common Woodshrike (Tephrodornis pondicerianus), a species typically characterized by ashy-gray and darker plumage. Brown aberration, a form of pigmentation abnormality resulting in diluted eumelanin, causes the normally dark plumage to appear warmer or lighter in tone. This note provides visual documentation, contextualizes the observation within known literature, and discusses its possible causes and implications.<#LINE#>McGraw, K. J., Safran, R. J., & Wakamatsu, K. (2005).@How feather colour reflects its melanin content.@Functional Ecology, 19(5), 816-821.@Yes$Guay, P. J., Potvin, D. A., & Robinson, R. W. (2012).@Aberrations in plumage coloration in birds.@Australian Field Ornithology, 29(1), 23-30.@Yes$Van Grouw, H. (2021).@What@Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, 141(3), 276-299.@Yes$Grimmett, R., Inskipp, C. & Inskipp, T. (2011).@Birds of Indian Subcontinent.@2nd Edition, Oxford University Press.@No$Choudhary, R., Sharma, V., Dutta, S., Mathur, P., Singh, P., & Sahu, H. (2025).@Habitat suitability for endemic and vulnerable White-Naped Tit (Machlolophusnuchalis) in arid and semi-arid landscapes of India.@Journal of Landscape Ecology, 18(2),@Yes$Choudhary, R., Sharma, V., Upadhyay, M., Dutta, S., Mathur, P., Sahu, H., & Jangir, D. K. (2024).@Additions to the avifauna of Todgarh-Raoli Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan.@@Yes$Konter, A. (2015).@Aberrant plumages in grebes Podicipedidae: An analysis of albinism, leucism, brown and other aberrations in all grebe species worldwide.@Musée national d@Yes$Andersson, L., Bed@The genetic basis for pigmentation phenotypes in poultry. In Advances in poultry genetics and genomics (pp. 67-106).@Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing.@Yes$Mahabal, A., Sharma, R. M., & Sayyed, A. M. I. T. (2015).@Colour aberrations in Indian birds.@Birding Asia, 24(24), 119-121.@Yes$Choudhary, R., Sharma, V., Jangir, D. K., & Dutta, S. (2025).@Intersex plumage in Plum-headed Parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala).@Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia, 95 (1). 61-62. DOI: 10.4081/rio.2024.807@Yes$Jangir, D. K., Choudhary, R., Sharma, V., & Mathur, P. (2024).@Erythrism in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus): a record from Rajasthan, India.@International Studies on Sparrows, 27.@Yes$Jangir, D. K., Choudhary, R., Sharma, V. & Dutta, S. (2024).@Progressive greying in the white-eared bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis).@Taprobanica. 13(1), 31-32. 10.47605/tapro.v13i1.325@No$Jangir, D. K., Choudhary, R., Sharma, V. & Dutta, S. (2023).@First record of brown plumage aberration in Indian Pied Starling (Gracupica contra) from India.@Ornis Hungarica, 31(2). 165–167. DOI: 10.2478/orhu-2023-0027.@Yes
@Short Review Paper
<#LINE#>Impact of Inclusion of Artificial Intelligence in Class 12 Biology Education : A Review<#LINE#>Wadhwani @L.,Asnani @B. <#LINE#>30-31<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-023.pdf<#LINE#>PM Shri Kendriya Vidhyalaya No. 2, Neemuch, Village Hingoria, Neemuch, Madhya Pradesh, India@Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>10/8/2025<#LINE#>15/10/2025<#LINE#>The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into secondary education is revolutionizing how complex subjects like Class 12 Biology are taught and learned. Biology education at this level encompasses challenging topics such as genetics, molecular biology, ecology, human physiology, and biotechnology, which demand deep conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills. AI applications—ranging from adaptive learning platforms and intelligent tutoring systems to immersive virtual laboratories and real-time automated assessments—are transforming traditional pedagogical methods by personalizing the learning experience, enhancing student engagement, and providing interactive, visual simulations of intricate biological processes. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current AI technologies applied in Class 12 Biology classrooms worldwide, emphasizing their pedagogical value, effectiveness in improving comprehension, and role in preparing students for competitive exams and future scientific studies. The review synthesizes empirical research, case studies, and education policy frameworks such as India’s NEP 2020, highlighting AI’s potential to support diverse learning styles and overcome conventional limitations like scarce laboratory resources and time constraints. Furthermore, the paper discusses challenges in infrastructure, teacher training, data privacy, and ensuring a balance between AI-driven virtual experiments and hands-on learning. It advocates for ethically mindful, well-supported implementation of AI tools to maximize benefits while addressing equity issues. Ultimately, this investigation underscores Artificial Intelligence as a promising catalyst for enhancing quality, inclusivity, and effectiveness in senior secondary biology education, shaping a new paradigm aligned with the demands of 21st-century science education and career pathways.<#LINE#>Alhassan, N., Lawal, S. B., Ibrahim, S., &Yakubu, M. (2024).@The Role of AI-Based Learning Systems in Enhancing Biology Education for Secondary School Students: Impact on Performance, Engagement, and Retention.@International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies,  4(6), 330-337.@Yes$Mubarik, A. (2024).@The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Improving the Quality of Biology Learning at the Secondary Education Level.@Cognizance, 5(1), 20-38.@Yes$Yuliana, R.A., Ahmad, H., & Primadhany, E.  (2025).@Pedagogical incorporation of artificial intelligence in K-12 science: opportunities and challenges. ERIC Journal.@undefined@No$IGI Global. (2025).@AI Based Learning in Biology.@In C. Jain & V. Sinha (Eds.), AI-Based Learning Systems in Science Education.@Yes$Mallillin, L. L. D. (2024).@Artificial Intelligence in Biology Education.@@Yes$Liu, J., Wang Y. & Chen, X. (2025).@AI@Frontiers in Education, 10.3389/ feduc.2025.1577285.@Yes$Nie, W., Zhang, J., & Li, H. (2025).@Research on the Application of AI in A-Level Biology Teaching.@LNEP Conference Proceedings.@No