@Research Paper <#LINE#>Assessment of Floristic Diversity and its Structural Composition in Tapi District, South Gujarat, India<#LINE#>Pinky J @Mali,Kalpesh @Patel <#LINE#>1-12<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2024-024.pdf<#LINE#>Biology Department, B.K.M. Science College, Valsad, Gujarat, India and Biosciences Department, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India@Biology Department, B.K.M. Science College, Valsad, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>31/8/2024<#LINE#>30/12/2024<#LINE#>This study examines the floristic diversity and structural composition in the Tapi district of South Gujarat, employing a stratified random sampling method for vegetation assessment. The survey recorded 77 plant species, which included 47 tree species, 20 shrub species, 3 herb species, 2 climber species, 2 grass species, and 1 weed species across 18 families. The vegetation analysis indicated that the plant communities were predominantly from the Lamiaceae, Rhamnaceae, and Asteraceae families, highlighting significant variations in site conditions. The forest's good condition is reflected in the high diversity levels and substantial basal area of woody plant species. Nonetheless, there are observed impacts of human activities and stressors, suggesting the need for proper management to maintain or improve current species diversity. The most dominant species documented, which also had the highest biomass and carbon content, were Butea monosperma, Tectona grandis, Terminalia arjuna, and Terminalia crenulata. Nearly all species exhibited a contagious distribution pattern. The Shannon index values indicate extremely high diversity for all plant habits except for shrub species.<#LINE#>Singh J (2002).@The biodiversity crisis: A multifaceted review.@Current Science, 638-647.@Yes$Ali, S., Zeb, U., Lei, W., Khan, H., Shehzad, K., Khan, H., & Ullah, I. (2018).@Floristic inventory and ecological characterization the village sherpao, district charsadda, khyber pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan.@Acta Ecologica Sinica, 38(5), 329-333.@Yes$Chapin I, F. S., Zavaleta, E. S., Eviner, V. T., Naylor, R. L., Vitousek, P. M., Reynolds, H. L., ... & Díaz, S. (2000).@Consequences of changing biodiversity.@Nature, 405(6783), 234-242.@Yes$Gaston K.J. and Spicer J.I. (2013).@Biodiversity: An introduction.@John Wiley & Sons.@Yes$Eliasch J. (2008).@Climate change: Financing global forests: the Eliasch review: Earthscan.@@Yes$Kellogg W.W. (2019).@Climate change and society: Consequences of increasing atmospheric carbondioxide: Routledge.@@Yes$Stohlgren T. J., Falkner M. and Schell L. (1995).@A modified - Whittaker nested vegetation sampling method. Vegetatio, 117(2), 113-121.@undefined@Yes$Ratter J. A., Bridge water S. and Ribeiro J. F. (2003).@Analysis of the floristic composition of the Brazilian cerrado vegetation III: comparison of the woody vegetation of 376 areas.@Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 60(1), 57.@Yes$Shannon, C. E. (1997).@The mathematical theory of communication.@MD computing, 14(4), 306-317.@Yes$Kerkhoff A. (2010).@Measuring biodiversity of ecological communities.@Biology, 4, 229.@Yes$Dhaulkhandi, M., Dobhal, A., Bhatt, S., & Kumar, M. (2008).@Community structure and regeneration potential of natural forest site in Gangotri, India.@Journal of Basic and Applied sciences, 4(1), 49-52.@Yes$Tiwari O. P., Rana Y. S., Krishan R., Sharma C. M. and Bhandari B. S. (2018).@Regeneration dynamics, population structure, and forest composition in some ridge forests of the Western Himalaya, India.@Forest Science and Technology, 14(2), 66-75.@Yes$Brown S. (1997).@Estimating biomass and biomass change of tropical forests: Aprimer.@Vol.134: Food & Agriculture Org.@Yes$Aalde, H., Gonzalez, P., Gytarsky, M., Krug, T., Kurz, W. A., Lasco, R. D., ... & Verchot, L. (2006).@Generic methodologies applicable to multiple land-use categories.@IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories, 4, 1-59.@Yes$Tewari A. and Karky B. S. (2007).@Carbon measurement methodology and results.@in K. Baskota, B. S. Karky and M. Skutsch (eds.). Reducing Carbon Emission through Community managed Forests in the Himalaya. Kathmandu. ICIMOD. pp 39-54.@Yes$Pandey D. and Brown C. (2000).@Teak: A global overview.@UNASYLVA-FAO-,3-13.@Yes$Curtis J. T. (1956).@Plant ecology workbook. A laboratory, field and reference manual.@Plant ecology workbook. A laboratory, field and reference manual.@Yes <#LINE#>Description of New Jumping Spider species Epocilla aura Dyal, 1935 (Aranae: Salticidae: Chrysillini) from Gariaband district, Chhattisgarh State, India<#LINE#>Avinash R. @Nichat,Jashavant @Nayak,Premlal @Sori,Hitesh Kumar @Warte <#LINE#>13-16<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-002.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, M.M.V. P.G. College Bhakhara, Dhamtari, Chhattisgarh, India@Department of Zoology, Govt. Dudhadhari Bajrang Girls Postgraduate College Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India@Department of Botany, Govt. Mahaprabhu Vallabhacharya Postgraduate College Mahasamund, Chhattisgarh, India@Department of Zoology, Govt. Pt. Shyam Shankar Mishra College Deobhog, Gariyaband, Chhattisgarh, India<#LINE#>27/1/2025<#LINE#>27/3/2025<#LINE#>The present study deals with a new spider species, Epocilla aura Dyal, 1935 reported in Gariaband district of Chhattisgarh state, India. It is a new genus and species on the Chhattisgarh spider fauna list. A new spider species Epocilla aura Dyal, 1935 is added to the spider fauna list of Chhattisgarh. This discovery will help in better understanding the spiders in Chhattisgarh and their diversity.<#LINE#>Nichat, A. R., Shaffi, S. A., Warte H. K., Nayak, J., (2024).@A study of biodiversity of spider species (arachnida : aranae : araneomorphae) in kokasara region, Kalahandi, Odisha, India.@African Journal of Biological Sciences, 6 (15), 2663-2187.@Yes$Singh R., Singh B. B., & Singh G. (2023).@Spider Fauna of India, Asian Biological Research Foundation, Prayagraj, India.@Nature Light Publications, Pune ISBN- 978-81-959483-4-5.@Yes$Nayak, J., Sori, P., & Sahu, L., (2024).@Thanatosis Behaviour in the Indoxysticus minutus Tikader, 1960 (Aranae: Thomisidae) in Gariyaband, Chhattisgarh, India.@International Journal of Research in Academic World, 3(12), 94-95.@Yes$Das, S., Roy, S. & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2010).@Diversity of arthropod natural Enemies in the tea plantations of North Bengal with emphasis on their Association with tea pests.@Current Science, 99(10), 1457-1463.@Yes$World Spider Catalog (2024).@World Spider Catalog. Version 25.5.@Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch,@No$Tikader, B. K. & Biswas, B. (1981).@Spider fauna of Calcutta and vicinity: Part-I.@Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 30, 1-149.@Yes$Kujur R. & Ekka A. (2015).@Spider diversity of Ram Jharna, Raigarh District, Chhattisgarh, India.@Research J. Pharm. and Tech., 8(7), 813- 819.@Yes$Kujur R. & Ekka A. (2016).@Spatial diversity of Spiders of Rose Garden, Raigarh, Chhatti sgarh, India.@IJARSE, 5(11), 139- 144.@Yes$Kujur R. & Ekka A. (2016).@Exploring the Spider fauna of Gomarda Wildlife Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh, India.@International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 5(6), 31-36.@Yes$Toppo, A. K., K. R. & Nishad, H., (2020).@Diversity of Spider in Achankmar Wild Life Sanctuary district Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh.@Life Sciences Bulletin, 17(1&2), 117- 119.@No$Sen, D.L. (2021).@Biodiversity of Spider Fauna At, Gariaband, Chhattisgarh, India.@International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 3(10), 953- 962.@Yes$Toppo, A. K., Sahu, K. R. & Nishad, H., (2022).@Diversity of Spider Fauna of Kharun River at Khutaghat Dam, District Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.@International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences, 11(12), 14170-14176.@No$Nichat, A. R., Warte, H. K., Nayak, J., (2024).@Spider diversity (Arachnida: Aranae) in Deobhog region Gariyaband Chhattisgarh India.@International Journal of Innovation and Science and Engineering, 11(8), 39 – 45.@Yes$Sadana, G.L. (1983).@An addition to the spider fauna of the Jammu and Kashmir State.@Proceedings of the Workshop of High Altitude Ecology, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 73-75.@Yes$Sathiamma, B., Jayapal, S. P. & Pillai, G. B. (1987).@Observations on spiders (Order: Araneae) predacious on the coconut leaf eating caterpillar Opisina Arenosella Wlk. (= Nephantis serinopa Meyrick) in Kerala: Feeding potency.@Entomon, 12(1), 45-47.@Yes$Parmar, S., Patel, K., Prajapati, D., Patel, H. & Trivedi, J. (2023).@A preliminary Checklist of spiders of Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University Campus, Patan, Gujarat, India.@Munis Entomology & Zoology, 18 (1), 590-599.@Yes$Ali, P. A., Maddison, W. P., Zahid, M. & Butt, A. (2018).@New chrysilline and aelurilline jumping spiders from Pakistan (Araneae, Salticidae).@Zoo Keys, 783, 1-15@Yes$Caleb, J. T. D., Sanap, R. V., Prajapati, D. A. & Bambhaniya, P. (2021).@Taxonomic notes on two jumping spider species of the genus Epocilla Thorell, 1887 (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini) from India and Pakistan.@Arthropoda Selecta, 30(2), 221-229.@Yes$Nichat AR., Harris KK., Warte HK., Dubey M., Sori P. & Nayak J. (2025).@Spiders Diversity in North East Gariaband Forest Regions of Chhattisgarh, India.@Uttar Pradesh Journal ofZoology, 46(4), 119-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2025/v46i44808@Yes$Nayak J., Sori P., Sahu L., Bharti D. (2025).@A new observational record of jumping spider (Aranae: Salticidae: Aelurillini: Aelurillina) Stenaelurillus metallicus Caleb & Mathai, 2016 in Chhattisgarh, India. International Journal of Biology Research 10(1) 19-21. https:// www.biologyjournal.in/assets/archives/2025/vol10issue1/10007-1740555118544.pdf@undefined@Yes$Nayak J., Sori. P. and Bharti D. (2025).@Description of a New Spider Meotipasahyadri Kulkarni, Vartak, Deshpande & Halali, 2017 (Aranae: Theridiidae) in Chhattisgarh, India.@International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 6(2) 4518-4521. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi. 6.0225.1026@Yes$Nayak J. & Sori P. (2025).@Hamadruas hieroglyphica Thorell, 1887 (Aranae: Oxyopidae): First Description of a lynx Spider In Chhattisgarh, India.@International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science: 7(3): 632-634. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.56726 /IRJMETS68434@Yes$Nayak J., Warte H.K., Sori P. & Sahu L. (2025).@Study on Jumping Spiders (Aranae: Araneomorphae: Salticidae) Diversity in Shraddha Public School Campus Gariaband, Chhattisgarh, India.@International Journal of Latest Technology In Engineering, Management & Applied Science, 14(3), 350-353. DOI : https://doi.org/10.51583/ IJLTEMAS.2025.140300037@Yes$Ayan Mandal, Debomay Chanda, Atul Vartak, and Siddharth Kulkarni (2020).@A Field Guide to the Spider Genera of India.@Om Publications, India, pp 1-408. ISBN: 9789354167164.@Yes$Żabka, M. (1985).@Systematic and zoogeographic study on the family Salticidae (Araneae) from Viet-Nam.@Annales Zoologici, Warszawa, 39, 197-485.@Yes$Dyal, S. (1935).@Fauna of Lahore. 4.–Spiders of Lahore.@Bulletin of the Department of Zoology of the Panjab University, 1, 119-252, pl. 11-17.@Yes$Tikader, B. K. (1965).@A new species of spider of genus Marpissa (Salticidae) from India.@Science and Culture 31: 261-262.@Yes <#LINE#>Diversity of freshwater fishes of the Kherem river, a tributary of Noa-Dihing river of Brahmaputra Basin in the Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh, India<#LINE#>J. @Khiham,P.@Nanda,K. @Longkho,K. @Bo <#LINE#>17-25<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-010.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Dera Natung Government College, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh-791113, India@Department of Zoology, Dera Natung Government College, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh-791113, India@Department of Zoology, Dera Natung Government College, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh-791113, India@Department of Zoology, Dera Natung Government College, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh-791113, India<#LINE#>8/4/2025<#LINE#>29/5/2025<#LINE#>The present study was carried out on 17th of October 2022, in one section of the Kherem river in Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh in an attempt to document the fish faunal diversity in this section of the river. The river forms an important tributary of Noa-Dihing which debouches into the Brahmaputra. The fish sampling was done from one site (273235.89 N and 955622.12 E) occurring at an elevation of 153m. The study documented the occurrence of 21 species belonging to 5 orders, 13 families and 15 genera. Order Cypriniformes and Anabantiformes were the most diverse followed by Siluriformes and least were order Sybranchiformes and Gobiiformes. Further species wise, family Cyprinidae and Badidae emerged as the most dominant with 3 species each (15%). Succeeded by 2 species each (10%) in the family of Cobitidae, Bagridae, Channidae and Osphronemidae. Others like Danionidae, Xenocyprididae, Clariidae, Heteropneustidae, Synbranchidae, Gobiidae and Anabantidae were among the least diverse family with 1 species each (5%). The study also recorded the presence of an exotic carp species Ctenopharyngodon idella from Kherem river which might have swum its way from the fishery ponds nearby. According to IUCN red list as many as 19 0ut of 21 species reported were under least concerned (90%) category and 2 under Not evaluated (10% ) category (Table-1). The Simpson index and Shannon index incorporated to quantify the fish diversity were recorded to be 0.9404 and 2.943 respectively. The evenness index added upto a near perfect score of 0.9037 indicating an even distribution of species at the study site.<#LINE#>Strayer, D.L. & Dudgeon, D. (2010).@Freshwater biodiversity conservation: recent progress and future challenges.@Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 29(1), 344-358. https://doi.org/10.1899/08-171.1@Yes$Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., Da Fonseca, G.A. & Kent, J. (2000).@Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities.@Nature, 403(6772), 853-858.@Yes$McClelland, J. (1839).@Indian cyprinidae (Vol. 19).@Bishop@Yes$Chaudhuri, B. L. (1913).@Zoological results of the Abor Expedition, 1911–12. XVIII. Fish.@Records of the Indian Museum, 8(3), 243-257.@Yes$Hora, S.L. (1921).@Indian cyprinoid fishes belonging to the genus Garra, with notes on related species from other countries.@Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 22(5), 633-687.@Yes$Jayaram, K. C. & Mazumdar, N. (1964).@On a collection of fish from Kameng frontier division, NEFA.@Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 61(2), 264-280.@Yes$Choudhury, S., & Sen, N. (1977).@On a collection of fish from Arunachal Pradesh with some new records.@Newsletter Zoological Survey of India, 3(4), 217-223.@Yes$Dutta, A. K., & Barman, R. P. (1985).@Fauna of Namdapha, Arunachal Pradesh (Pisces).@Records of the Indian Museum, 6(1-3), 275-277.@Yes$Nath, P. & Dey, S.C. (2000).@Fish and fisheries of north eastern India, Arunachal Pradesh.@Narendra Publishing House.@Yes$Sen, N. (2000).@Occurrence, distribution and status of diversified fish fauna of north east India.@NBFGR-NATP Publ., (2), 31-48.@Yes$Tamang, L., Chaudhry, S. & Choudhury, D. (2007).@Ichthyofaunal Contribution to the state and comparison of habitat contiguity on taxonomic diversity in Senkhi stream, Arunachal Pradesh, India.@Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 104(2), 172-179.@Yes$Nebeshwar, K., Bagra, K. & Das, D.N. (2007).@A new species of the cyprinoid genus Psilorhynchoides Yazdani et al. (Cypriniformes: Psilorhynchidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India.@Zoos’ Print Journal, 22(3), 2632–2636.@Yes$Ng, H.H. & Tamang, L. (2012).@Pseudolaguvia viriosa, a new catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from north-eastern India.@Zootaxa, 3522, 81–88.@Yes$Lokeshwor, Y. & Vishwanath, W. (2012).@Physoschistura dikrongensis, a new loach from Arunachal Pradesh, India (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae).@Zootaxa, 3586, 249- 254. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3586.1.23@Yes$Kosygin, L. (2012).@Aborichthys waikhomi, a New Species of Fish (Teleostei Nemacheilidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India.@Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 112(1), 49-55.@Yes$Tesia, C. & Bordoloi, S. (2012).@Ichthyofaunal Diversity of Charju River, Tirap District, Arunachal.@Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, 3(1), 82–86.@Yes$Tamang, L., Sinha, B. & Gurumayum, S.D. (2015).@Exostomatenui caudata, a new species of glyptosternine catfish (Siluriformes: Sisoridae) from the upper Brahmaputra drainage, northeastern India.@Zootaxa, 4048 (3),441–445.https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4048.3.9@Yes$Loyi, R., Chowtang, N.L., Tamang, L. & Das, D.N. (2018).@Ichthyo-faunal diversity of Tengapani River, Namsai, Arunachal Pradesh, India.@International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 6(5), 83-90.@Yes$Darshan, A., Dutta, R., Kachari, A., Gogoi, B. & Das, D.N. (2015).@Glyptothorax mibangi, a new species of catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from the Tisa River, Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India.@Zootaxa, 3962(1), 114–122.@Yes$Nanda, P. & Tamang, L. (2021).@Aborichthys barapensis, a new species of river loach (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, the eastern Himalaya, India.@Journal of Threatened Taxa, 13(7), 18800–18808.10.11609/jot.5989.13.7.18800-18808@Yes$Das, B.K., Boruah, P. & Kar, D. (2017).@Ichthyofaunal Diversity of Siang River in Arunachal Pradesh, India.@Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 70(1), 52–60.@Yes$Gurumayum, S.D., Nath, K.P. & Kosygin, L. (2021).@Conservation status and endemicity of type fish species discovered from Arunachal Pradesh Conservation status and endemicity of type fish species discovered from Arunachal Pradesh.@Bulletin of Arunachal Forest Research, 35(1&2), 1-14. http://sfribulletin.org.in/vol-35-issue-1&2-2020/@Yes$Satpathy, S., Sivakumar, K. & Johnson, J.A. (2021).@Fish communities and associated habitat variables in the upper Subansiri River of Arunachal Pradesh, eastern Himalaya, India.@Journal of Threatened Taxa, 13(1), 17477-17486. 10.11609/jot.5503.13.1.17477-17486@Yes$Bagra, K., Kadu, K., Nebeshwar-Sharma, K., Laskar, B.A., Sarkar, U.K. & Das, D.N. (2009).@Ichthyological survey and review of the checklist of fish fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, India.@Check List, 5(2), 330. https://doi.org/10.15560/5.2.330@Yes$Sen, N., & Khynriam, D. (2014).@Pictorial Handbook on Fishes of North East India.@Zoological Survey of India, 1-345.@Yes$Gurumayum, S.D., Kosygin, L. & Tamang, L. (2016).@Ichthyofaunal diversity of Arunachal Pradesh, India: A part of Himalaya biodiversity hotspot.@International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 4(2), 337–346.@Yes$Nanda, P. (2016).@Fish diversity of River Pachin, Eastern Himalaya.@International Journal of Biological Sciences, 5(7), 20-25.@Yes$Abujam, S., Tamang, L., Nimasow, G., & Das, D. N. (2022).@Amblyceps motumensis, a new species of hillstream catfish (Teleostei : Amblyceps motumensis, a new species of hillstream catfish (Teleostei : Siluriformes : Amblycipitidae) from eastern Himalaya, India.@Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 27, 4-30.: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358286901@Yes$Nanda, P., Machahary, K.Q., Tamang, L. & Das, D.N. (2021).@Aborichthys uniobarensis, a new species of river loach (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India.@Asian Journal of Conservation Biology, 10(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.53562/ajcb.ASHI9566@Yes$Nanda, P. & Tamang, L. (2021). Aborichthys palinensis a new species of river loach (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya, India Fish Taxa, 21,19-27@undefined@undefined@Yes$Choudhury, H., Das, R., Bharali, R.C., Sarma, K., Tyagi, L.K., Lal, K.K. & Sarma, D. (2021).@Description of a new species of Mustura Kottelat (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from the Brahmaputra drainage, India.@Journal of Fish Biology, 99(2), 450–461. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14736@Yes$Dutta, R., Ahmed, A. M., Pokhrel, H., Sarmah, R., Nath, D., Mudoi, L. P., Baruah, D., Bhagabati, S. K. & Songtheng, P. (2020).@First report of an endangered silurid catfish, Pterocryptis barakensis (Siluridae) from Brahmaputra drainage, North Eastern Himalayan region of India.@Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 36(4), 528–532. DOI: 10.1111/jai.14042@Yes$Dey, A., Choudhury, H., Mazumder, A., Bharali, R., Thaosen, S. & Sarma, D. (2020).@Psilorhynchus kamengensis, a new species of fish (Teleostei: Psilorhynchidae) from northeast India.@Vertebrate Zoology, 70, 101-110.DOI: 10.26049/ VZ70-2-2020-01@Yes$Kosygin, L., Gurumayum, S.D., Singh, P. & Chowdhury, B.R. (2019).@Aborichthys iphipaniensis, a new species of loach (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India.@Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology, 39(2),69-75.@Yes$Shangningam, B., Kosygin, L. & Choudhury, B.R. (2019).@Pethia arunachalensis, a new species of small barb (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India.@Records of the Zoological Survey of India, (4), 328–333. DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v119/i4/2019/142213@Yes$Darshan, A., Abujam, S., Wangchu, L., Kumar, R., Das, D. N. (2019).@A new species of Glyptosternine catfish (Siluriformes: Sisoridae) from the Tawang-chu River of Arunachal Pradesh, Northeastern India.@Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 25(1), 17-24.@Yes$Kosygin, L., Shangningam, B. & Gopi, K.C. (2018).@Olyraparviocula, a new species of bagrid catfish (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes), from northeastern India.@Environmental Biology of Fishes, 101(4), 589–593.@Yes$Darshan, A., Kachari, A., Dutta, R., Ganguly, A. & Das, D.N. (2016).@Amblyceps waikhomi, a new species of catfish (Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae) from the Brahmaputra Drainage of Arunachal Pradesh, India.@Journals. Plos. On, 11(2), e0147283. DOI:10.1371/ journal. pone. 0147283@Yes$Jayaram, K.C. (2010).@Freshwater Fishes of the Indian Region.@Edn 2. Narendra Publishing House, Delhi, India.@Yes$Talwar, P.K. & Jhingran, A.G. (1991).@Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries (Vol. 2).@CRC press.@Yes$Bleher, H. (2018).@Indian ornamental fishes.@Aquapress Publishers.@Yes$Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W.N. & van der Laan, R. (eds) (2020).@Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes: genera, species, references.@First Report of Invasive Alien Species of Slug Laevicaulisharoldi in Nepalgunj Sub-Metropolitan City, Banke, Nepal<#LINE#>Bhesh Raj @Chaudhariq <#LINE#>26-29<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-013.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Mahendra Multiple Campus, Nepalgunj, Nepal Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal<#LINE#>7/5/2025<#LINE#>26/6/2025<#LINE#>Laevicaulis haroldi Dundee, 1980 has been documented for the first time in Nepal in October 2023. It is a native species to KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This invasive alien species was observed in the author’s back yard kitchen garden, and garden of Mahendra Multiple Campus Nepalgunj sub-metropolitan city of Banke district, Lumbini Province, during farm work. The animal was closely inspected for 12 months and total 34 specimens, measuring an average of 4 ± 1.5 cm, were collected and confirmed as Laevicaulis haroldi, which is commonly known as Purcell’s hunter slug or Caterpillar slug. The species is a new fauna to Nepal and the present status of this invasive species is unknown in the country.<#LINE#>Mahapatra, B. B.and Aravind, N. (2021).@Laevicaulis haroldi (Veronicellidae: Gastropoda), a potential future invader to India.@Current Science (00113891), 120(11). https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v120/i11/1781-1785@Yes$Rowson, B., Herbert, D. G., & Robertson, E. F. (2016).@First reports of two terrestrial slugs (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata) from Southern Africa.@Journal of Conchology, 42(3), 11-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/ zookeys.723.21817@Yes$Clark, J. A. andMay, R. M. (2002).@Taxonomic bias in conservation research.@Science, 297(5579), 191-192. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.297.5579.191b@Yes$Budha, P. B. (2015).@Current state of knowledge on invasive and alien fauna of Nepal.@Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 20(1), 68-81. https://doi.org/10.3126/ jist. v20i1.13913@Yes$Subba, B. R. (2003).@Molluscan Check list of Ghodaghodi Tal Area, Kailali district.@Our Nature, 1(1), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.3126/on.v1i1.294@Yes$Khanal, S. and Budha, P. B. (2013).@Terrestrial gastropod fauna of Nagarjun forest, Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park, Kathmandu, Nepal.@Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, 18(1), 113-119.@Yes$Subba, B. R.and Ghosh, T. K. (2008).@Report on some terrestrial molluscs from different regions of Nepal.@Journal of Natural History Museum, 23, 78-81. https://doi.org/ 10.3126/jnhm.v23i0.1842@Yes$Budha, P. B. and Naggs, F. (2008).@The giant African land snail Lissachatina fulica (Bowdich) in Nepal.@The Malacologist, 50, 19-21.@Yes$Irikov, A. and Bechev, D. (2011).@Five new introduced snail species (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Nepal.@Journal of Conchology, 40(5), 575.@Yes$Dundee, D. (1980).@Laevicaulis haroldi, a new veronicellid slug from Natal, South Africa (Gastropoda: Pulmonata).@The Nautilus, 94(3), 118-120. https://doi.org/10.5962/ bhl.part.25834@Yes$Magare, S. (2015). New record of exotic species of slug, Laevicaulis haroldi in India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 115(1), 105-107. https://doi.org/10.26515/ rzsi/v115/i1/2015/121575@undefined@undefined@Yes$Rowson, B., Anderson, R., Turner, J. A., & Symondson, W. O. (2014).@The slugs of Britain and Ireland: undetected and undescribed species increase a well-studied, economically important fauna by more than 20%.@PloS one, 9(4), e91907. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0091907@Yes$Herbert, D.(2013).@Laevicaulis haroldi.@The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/ IUCN. UK.2013-2.RLTS.T40089A50080884.en@Yes$Lowry, E., Rollinson, E. J., Laybourn, A. J., Scott, T. E., Aiello‐Lammens, M. E., Gray, S. M., Mickley, J., & Gurevitch, J. (2013).@Biological invasions: a field synopsis, systematic review, and database of the literature.@Ecology and evolution, 3(1), 182-196. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/ece3.431@Yes$Alonso, A., Castro-Diez, P., Saldana-Lopez, A., & Gallardo, B. (2019).@The New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum (JE Gray, 1853)(Tateidae, Mollusca) in the Iberian Peninsula: temporal patterns of distribution.@BioInvasions Record, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.3391/ bir.2019.8.2.11@Yes$Cowie, R. H., Hayes, K. A., Tran, C. T., & Meyer III, W. M. (2008).@The horticultural industry as a vector of alien snails and slugs: widespread invasions in Hawaii.@International Journal of Pest Management, 54(4), 267-276. https:// doi.org/10.1080/09670870802403986@Yes$Hirano, T., Yamazaki, D., Uchida, S., Saito, T., &Chiba, S. (2019).@First record of the slug species Semperula wallacei (Issel, 1874)(Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Veronicellidae) in Japan.@BioInvasions Record, 8(2). https://doi.org/ 10.3391/ bir.2019.8.2.07@Yes$Serniotti, E. N., Guzmán, L. B., Beltramino, A. A., Vogler, R. E., Rumi Macchi, A., &Peso, J. G. (2019).@New distributional records of the exotic land snail Bradybaena similaris (Férussac, 1822) (Gastropoda, Bradybaenidae) in Argentina.@https://doi.org/10.3391/bir.2019.8.2.12@Yes$Barker, G. (2001).@Gastropods on land: phylogeny, diversity and adaptive morphology.@https://doi.org/ 10.1079/ 9780851993188.0001@Yes$Ruiz, G.M. and Carlton, J.T. (2003).@Invasion Vectors: A Conceptual Framework for Management.@Invasive Species: Vectors and Management Strategies, 459-504.ISBN:1-55963-902-4@Yes$Dehnen Schmutz, K., Touza, J., Perrings, C., & Williamson, M. (2007).@A century of the ornamental plant trade and its impact on invasion success.@Diversity and Distributions, 13(5), 527-534. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/ j.1472-4642.2007.00359.x@Yes$Cowie, R.H. and Robinson, D. G. (2003).@Pathways of introduction of nonindigenous land and freshwater snails and slugs.@https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/ doi/full/ 10.5555/20043133970@Yes$Avhad, S., Shinde, K., & Hiware, C. (2013).@Record of molluscan pests in mulberry gardens in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra State, India.@Indian Journal of Sericulture, 52(1), 29-33.@Yes @Review Paper <#LINE#>AI-Powered Innovations in Plant Pathogen Detection: Transforming Agriculture through Technology<#LINE#>Deepa @Srivastava <#LINE#>30-37<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-014.pdf<#LINE#>Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India<#LINE#>15/6/2025<#LINE#>14/7/2025<#LINE#>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into plant pathogen detection is transforming agricultural practices by enabling more efficient, accurate, and scalable disease management solutions. Traditional diagnostic methods, while effective, often require significant time, expertise and laboratory resources, limiting their application in large-scale and real-time scenarios. AI-powered innovations, including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL) and computer vision, are revolutionizing the detection and diagnosis of plant diseases. These technologies analyze vast datasets from sources such as high-resolution imaging, genomic sequences, environmental sensors, and remote sensing platforms to identify pathogens with unprecedented precision. AI-driven tools, such as mobile-based diagnostic apps, autonomous drones, and predictive modeling systems, empower farmers and agricultural stakeholders with real-time insights into disease outbreaks and progression. Additionally, AI enhances the interpretation of metagenomic data, facilitating the identification of novel and unculturable pathogens. This paper explores the transformative potential of AI in plant pathogen detection, highlighting its contributions to sustainable agriculture, early disease management, and food security. It also addresses challenges such as data availability, model reliability, and ethical considerations, paving the way for future advancements in AI-driven plant pathology.<#LINE#>Flood, J. (2010).@The importance of plant health to food security.@Food Security, 2(3), 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12571-010-0072-5@Yes$Manzoor, S., Mir, Z. A., Wani, T. A., Gulzar, H., Nabi, Z., Parveen, S., Rather, T. R., & Nabi, S. U. (2024).@Recent advances in diagnostic approaches for plant pathogen detection (pp. 17–41).@https://doi.org/10.58532/ v3bfbt3p1ch2@Yes$Kumar, P., Akhtar, J., Kandan, A., Kumar, S., Batra, R., & Dubey, S. (2016).@Advance Detection Techniques of Phytopathogenic Fungi: Current Trends and Future Perspectives (pp. 265–298).@Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27312-9_12@Yes$Prasanna, N., Choudhary, S., Kumar, S., Choudhary, M., Meena, P. K. P., Saloni, S., & Ghanghas, R. (2024).@Advances in Plant Disease Diagnostics and Surveillance- A review.@Plant cell biotechnology and molecular biology, 25(11–12), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.56557/ pcbmb/ 2024/v25i11-128918@Yes$Gupta, A., Vaidya, A., & Sapra, A. (2025).@Smart Plant Monitoring System and Chatbot.@International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 7(1). https://doi.org/ 10.36948/ ijfmr.2025.v07i01.35328@Yes$Verma, N., Shukla, M., Kulkarni, R., Srivastava, K., Claudic, B., Savara, J., Mathew, M. J., Maurya, R., Bhattacharjee, G., Singh, V., & Pandya, A. (2022).@Emerging Extraction and Diagnostic Tools for Detection of Plant Pathogens: Recent Trends, Challenges, and Future Scope.@ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, 2(5), 858–881. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.2c00150@Yes$Sharma, P., & Sharma, S. K. (2016).@Paradigm Shift in Plant Disease Diagnostics: A Journey from Conventional Diagnostics to Nano-diagnostics (pp. 237–264).@Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27312-9_11@Yes$Verma, N., Shukla, M., Kulkarni, R., Srivastava, K., Claudic, B., Savara, J., Mathew, M. J., Maurya, R., Bhattacharjee, G., Singh, V., & Pandya, A. (2022).@Emerging Extraction and Diagnostic Tools for Detection of Plant Pathogens: Recent Trends, Challenges, and Future Scope.@ACS Agricultural Science & Technology, 2(5), 858–881. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.2c00150@Yes$Priyadarshini, B., Subhadarshini, S., Pattnayak, A., & Nayak, S. (2024).@Artificial intelligence in agriculture (pp. 59–71).@https://doi.org/10.58532/v3bcag24ch6@Yes$Sathya, R., Senthilvadivu, S., Ananthi, S., Bharathi, V. C., & Revathy, G. (2023).@Vision Based Plant Leaf Disease Detection and Recognition Model Using Machine Learning Techniques.@458–464. https://doi.org/10.1109/iceca 58529.2023.10395620@Yes$Akbar, M. J. U., Kamarulzaman, S. F., & Tusher, E. H. (2023).@Plant Stem Disease Detection Using Machine Learning Approaches.@1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/ icccnt56998.2023.10307074@Yes$Varshney, D., Babukhanwala, B., Khan, J., Saxena, D., & Singh, A. (2022).@Plant Disease Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques.@3rd International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET), 1–5. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/incet54531.2022.9824653@Yes$Sharma, S., & Vardhan, M. (2024).@Enhanced Plant Disease Detection Using a Custom CNN with Advanced Feature Extraction Techniques.@1–7. https://doi.org/10. 1109/icccnt61001.2024.10725398@Yes$Lawrence, M. O., & Ogedebe, P. (2024).@Detection of Image-based Plant Leaf Diseases Using Convolutional Neural Networks.@1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/seb4sdg 60871.2024.10630105@Yes$Sushanth, T., Siddarda, T. S., Sathvika, A., Shruthi, A. S. S., Lekha, A., & Kumar, T. S. (2024).@Time Series Forecasting using RNN.@Indian Scientific Journal of Research in Engineering and Management, 08(11), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem39164@Yes$Prasad, P. Y., Ramu, M., Reshma, S., Priya, R. C., Anusha, P., & Reddy, B. L. (2024).@Leaf Lens: An Intelligent Vision for Plant Disease Diagnosis using Deep Learning.@1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/aimla59606.2024.10531537@Yes$Chand, N., Satpathi, A., Gehlot, T., &Tripathi, A. (2024).@Potential of artificial intelligence to combat challenges in transforming agriculture (pp. 192–201).@https://doi.org/ 10.58532/v3bcag6p1ch16@Yes$Lajurkar, M. R., Barve, A. N., Waghmare, S. J., Karande, R., Kharbade, S. B., Bagde, A., & Sathe, S. K. (2025).@Applications of Drone for Crop Disease Detection and Monitoring: A Review.@Asian Research Journal of Agriculture, 18(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.9734/ arja/2025/v18i1638@Yes$Abbas, A., Alami, M., Alrefaei, A. F., Abbas, Q., Naqvi, S. A. H., Rao, M. J., Abd El-GleelMosa, W. F., Hussain, A., Hassan, M., & Zhou, L. (2023).@Drones in Plant Disease Assessment, Efficient Monitoring, and Detection: A Way Forward to Smart Agriculture.@Agronomy, 13(6), 1524. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061524@Yes$Prasanna, N., Choudhary, S., Kumar, S., Choudhary, M., Meena, P. K. P., Saloni, S., & Ghanghas, R. (2024).@Advances in Plant Disease Diagnostics and Surveillance- A review.@Plant cell biotechnology and molecular biology, 25(11–12), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/ 2024/v25i11-128918@Yes$Gupta, N. (2025).@Multidimensional and Revolutionary Relevance of AI in Agriculture.@Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies Book Series, 145–174. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-7483-2.ch006@Yes$Majeed, Y., Ojo, M., & Zahid, A. (2024).@Standalone edge AI-based solution for Tomato diseases detection.@Smart Agricultural Technology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atech. 2024.100547@Yes$Jafar, A., Bibi, N., Naqvi, R., Sadeghi-Niaraki, A., & Jeong, D. (2024).@Revolutionizing agriculture with artificial intelligence: plant disease detection methods, applications, and their limitations.@Frontiers in Plant Science, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1356260@Yes$Akinyemi, A., Fadele, E., & Ojeleye, A. (2023).@Exploring a mobile application for pest and disease symptomatic diagnosis in food crops in Nigeria: Implications of its use by smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa.@Ife Journal of Science. https://doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v25i1.1.@Yes$Mrisho, L., Mbilinyi, N., Ndalahwa, M., Ramcharan, A., Kehs, A., McCloskey, P., Murithi, H., Hughes, D., & Legg, J. (2020).@Accuracy of a Smartphone-Based Object Detection Model, Plant Village Nuru, in Identifying the Foliar Symptoms of the Viral Diseases of Cassava–CMD and CBSD.@Frontiers in Plant Science, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.590889.@Yes$Christakakis, P., Papadopoulou, G., Mikos, G., Kalogiannidis, N., Ioannidis, D., Tzovaras, D., &Pechlivani, E. (2024).@Smartphone-Based Citizen Science Tool for Plant Disease and Insect Pest Detection Using Artificial Intelligence.@Technologies. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ technologies12070101.@Yes$Kanagala, S., Khalaifin, M., Al-Harthi, A., & Al-Ahdhami, S. (2023).@Greenhouse Farm Monitoring is Automated with Smart Controls.@International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.9756/ iajse/ v10i1/iajse1005.@Yes$Shanto, S., Rahman, M., Oasik, J., & Hossain, H. (2023).@Smart Greenhouse Monitoring System Using Blynk IoT App.@Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, https://doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2023/v25i2883.@Yes$Chin, R., Catal, C., & Kassahun, A. (2023).@Plant disease detection using drones in precision agriculture.@Precision Agriculture, 24, 1663-1682. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11119-023-10014-y@Yes$Refaai, M., Dattu, V., Gireesh, N., Dixit, E., Sandeep, C., & Christopher, D. (2022).@Application of IoT-Based Drones in Precision Agriculture for Pest Control.@Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2022/1160258@Yes$Shafik, W., Tufail, A., Namoun, A., De Silva, L., & Apong, R. (2023).@A Systematic Literature Review on Plant Disease Detection: Motivations, Classification Techniques, Datasets, Challenges, and Future Trends.@IEEE Access, 11, 59174-59203. https://doi.org/10.1109/ ACCESS.2023. 3284760@Yes$Lee, S., Liaw, Z., Chai, Y., Ng, S., Bonnet, P., Goëau, H., & Joly, A. (2024).@Revolutionizing Plant Pathogen Conservation: The Past, Present, and Future of AI in Preserving Natural Ecosystems.@Biodiversity Information Science and Standards. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.8. 133055@Yes$Dara, R., Fard, S., & Kaur, J. (2022).@Recommendations for ethical and responsible use of artificial intelligence in digital agriculture.@Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2022.884192@Yes$Rezaei, M., Diepeveen, D., Laga, H., Jones, M., &Sohel, F. (2024).@Plant disease recognition in a low data scenario using few-shot learning.@Comput. Electron. Agric., 219, 108812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2024.108812@Yes$Garrett, K., Bebber, D., Etherton, B., Gold, K., Sulá, A., & Selvaraj, M. (2022).@Climate Change Effects on Pathogen Emergence: Artificial Intelligence to Translate Big Data for Mitigation.@Annual review of phytopathology. https:// doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-021021-042636.@Yes <#LINE#>Review: Isozyme Variation in Indian Muscid flies<#LINE#>Manisha @Tripathi,Uma Rani @Agrawal,Jaya @Tripathi <#LINE#>38-43<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-015.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, S.P.M. Govt. Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj -211013, India@Department of Zoology, C.M.P. Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India@Department of Zoology, Iswar Saran Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211004, India<#LINE#>19/6/2025<#LINE#>10/7/2025<#LINE#>Isozymes or isoenzymes are multiple molecular forms of an enzyme that perform the same catalytic function but differ in their biochemical, structural and electrophoretic properties. These variants of isoenzymes are of great importance to population genetics studies and evolutionary studies. Isozyme variation has been studied in a large and diverse group of flies of the family Muscidae. Isozyme studies have been used to explore polymorphism, seasonal, temporal and spatial genetic variations. This review emphasizes the relevance of isozyme analysis in understanding genetic, spatial and environmental diversity in Muscid flies offering a road map for future research.<#LINE#>Kutty, S.N., Pape, T., Pont, A., Wiegmann, B.M. and Meier, R. (2008).@The Muscoidea (Diptera: Calyptratae) are paraphyletic: Evidence from four mitochondrial and four nuclear genes.@Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution., 49, 639-652.@Yes$Bharti, M. (2008).@Current status of family Muscidae Diptera from India.@Journal of Entomological Research., 32(2), 171-176.@Yes$Greenberg, B. (1971).@Flies and diseases: I. Ecology, classification and biotic associations.@Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1:856. ISBN: 978-0-691-65589-5@No$Greenberg, B. (1973).@Flies and diseases: II. Biology and diseases transmission.@Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 2:447. ISBN: 978-0-691-65588-8@No$Sinha, S. K., Nandi, B. C., Pandey, B. K. and Chowdhury, A. (2003).@Report of some enteric bacteria on the body surface of the common house fly, Musca (Musca) domestica vicina Macquart (Diptera: Muscidae).@Proc. zoo I. Soc. Calcutta., 56(2), 87-88.@No$Nandi, B. C. and Sinha, S. K. (2004).@On a Small Collection of Muscid Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) of Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve, India.@Records of the Zoological Survey of India., 102(1-2), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v102/i1-2/2004/159523@Yes$Kettle, D. S. (1995).@Medical and Veterinary Entomology.@pp. 1-725, C. A. B. International Publisher. ISBN: 978-0851989693@Yes$Tripathi, M., Tewari, R.R. and Agrawal, U.R. (2010).@Genetic variations in house fly, Musca domestica L (Diptera: Mucsidae) from Allahabad India.@Proc. Nat. Acad. Sciences, India (Biological Sciences), 80(1), 24-29.@Yes$Scott, J., Liu, N., Kristensen, M. and Clark, A. (2009).@A case for sequencing the genome of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae).@Journal of medical entomology, 46(2), 175–182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/033.046. 0202.@Yes$Sasaki, T., Kobayashi, M. and Agui, N. (2000)@Epidemiological potential of excretion and regurgitation by Musca domestica (Diptera:Muscidae) in the dissemination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to food.@Journal of medical entomology, 37(6), 945–949. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/ 0022-2585-37.6.945@Yes$Malviya, S., Bajpai, N. and Tewari, R.R. (2011).@Genetic Relatedness among three Populations of Housefly Musca domestica L. Using RAPD-PCR Marker.@Molecular Biology, 2(4), 198-204.@Yes$Krafsur, E.S. and Black, W.C. (1992).@Analysis of isozyme loci in the face fly, Musca autumnalis DeGeer.@Biochem Genet., 30, 625–634. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00020522.@Yes$Krafsur, E.S. (1995).@Analysis of gene flow in North American face flies Musca autumnalis populations.@Med. Vet. Entomol., 9, 229-234.@Yes$Fryxell, R.T.T., Moon, R.D., Boxler, D. J. and Watson, D.W. (2021).@Face Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)—Biology, Pest Status, Current Management Prospects, and Research Needs.@Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 12(1), 5, https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmaa020.@Yes$Pont, A.C. and Magpayo, F.R. (1995).@Muscid shoot-flies of the Philippine Islands (Diptera: Muscidae, genus Atherigona rindani).@Bull. Entomol. Res. Suppl., 3, 1–121. doi: 10.1017/S1367426900000321@Yes$Malviya, S., Tewari, R.R. and Agrawal, U.R. (2015).@Genetic relationship between the muscids using RAPD-PCR as marker.@International Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(1), 66–70.@Yes$Herawani, F., Rauf, A. and Sugeng, S. (2019).@Status of infestation and biology of pepper fruit fly, Atherigona orientalis (Schiner) (Diptera: Muscidae).@J Trop Plant Pests Dis., 19, 64-73.@Yes$Hibbard, K. L. and Overholt, W. A. (2012).@Pepper Fruit Fly Atherigona orientalis (Schiner) (Insecta: Diptera: Muscidae): EENY-539/IN948, 9/2012.@EDIS, (10). https:// doi.org/10.32473/edis-in948-2012.@Yes$Mouttet, R. and Taddei, A. (2024).@First record of Atherigona orientalis Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Muscidae) in France.@EPPO Bulletin, 54(2), 230-235 https://doi.org /10.1111/epp.13022@Yes$Snyder, F.M. (1954).@A review of Nearctic Lispe Latreille (Diptera, Muscidae).@American Museum Novitates, 1657, 1–40.@Yes$Malviya, S., Tewari, R.R. and Bajpai, N. (2012).@RAPD-PCR based genetic relationship of muscid flies (Diptera: Muscidae).@International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 3(3), 1018-1024.@Yes$Gao, Y., Ge, Y., Yan, L., Nikita E Vikhrev, N.E., Wang, Q., Butterworth, N.J. and Zhang, D. (2022).@Phylogenetic Analyses Support the Monophyly of the Genus Lispe Latreille (Diptera: Muscidae) with Insights into Intrageneric Relationships.@Insects, 13(11), 1015. doi: 10.3390/insects 13111015@Yes$Campbell, J. B. and Hermanussen, J.F. (1971).@Efficacy of insecticides and methods of insecticidal application for control of stable flies in Nebraska.@J.Econ. Entomol., 64: 1188-1190.@Yes$Christensen, C. M. (1982).@External parasites of dairy cattle.@J. Dairy Sci., 65, 2189-2193.@Yes$Singh, D. and Achint, R. (2017).@Molecular identification of some Indian Muscid flies (Diptera: Muscidae) based on mitochondrial gene COII.@International Journal of Zoology Studies, 2(6),101-105.@Yes$Estienne, M. J., Knapp, F.W., Boling, J.A. and Burg, J.G.(1991).@Physiological and nutritional responses of beef steers exposed to stable files (Diptera: Muscidae).@J. Econ. Entomol., 84, 1262-1265.@Yes$Szalanski, A. L., Taylor, D. B. and Peterson, R. D. II, (1996).@Population Genetics and Gene Variation of Stable Fly Populations (Diptera: Muscidae) in Nebraska.@J. Med. Entomol., 33(3), 413-420.@Yes$Palmer, W. B. and Bay, D. 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(2011).@Allozyme analysis for assessing genetic variation in the species Bactroceradiversa and B. zonata (Dacinae: Tephritidae).@International Journal of Pharma and Biosciences, 2(3), 193-199.@Yes$Singh, R. and Tewari, R. R. (2012).@Genetic variation among fruit flies of the genus Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae).@Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, DOI 10. 1007/s40011-012-0023-3.@Yes$Singh, R. and Singh, A. (2013).@Genetic variation in two species of fruit flies of the genus Bactrocera (Dacinae: Tephritidae: Diptera).@International Journal of Pharma and Biosciences, 4(2), 617-623.@Yes$McDonald, I.C., Nelson, D.R., Johnson, O.A., Fillipi, F.A. and Cardwell, D.L. (1968).@House fly genetics: inheritance patterns of phosphoglucomutase, hexokinase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase isozymes.@Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 71, 99-102.@Yes$McDonald, I.C., Terranova, A.C., Johnson, O.A. and Leopold, R.A. (1975).@Polymorphisms and inheritance patterns of tetrazolium oxidase and octanol dehydrogenase in the house fly.@J. Hered., 66, 218-220.@Yes$Agatsuma, T. and Takeuchi, T. (1976).@Genetic control of LDH isozymes in the house fly, Musca domestica.@Biochem. Genet., 14, 441-446.@Yes$Narang, S., Terranova, A.C., McDonald, I.C. and Leopold, R.A. (1976).@Esterases in the house fly- Polymorphisms and inheritance patterns.@J. Hered., 67, 30-38.@Yes$Stanger, J. (1984).@Preliminary observations on genetic variation in three colonies of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) isolated from central Alberta.@Quaest. Entomol. 20, 51-59.@Yes$Black IV, W.C. and Krafsur, E.S. (1985).@Electrophoretic analysis of genetic variability in the house fly (Musca domestica L.).@Biochem. Genet., 23, 193-203.@Yes$Krafsur, E.S., Helm, J.M. and Black IV, W.C. (1992).@Genetic diversity at electrophoretic loci in the house fly.@Musca domestica L. Biochem. Genet.,30, 317-328.@Yes$Krafsur, E.S., Bryant, N.L., Marquez, J.G. and Griffith, N.T. (2000).@Genetic distances among North American, British and West African house fly populations.@Musca domestica L. Biochem. Genet., 38, 275-284.@Yes$Marquez, J.G., Moon, R.D. and Krafsur, E.S. (2001).@Genetic differentiation among populations of house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) breeding at a multiple-barn, egg-laying facility in Central Minnesota.@J. Med. Entomol., 38, 218- 222.http://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-38.2.218.@Yes$Tripathi, M., Agrawal, U.R. and Tripathi, J. (2013).@Allozyme variation in house fly populations, Musca domestica from Allahabad, India.@I. Res. J. Biological Sci., 2(11), 37 – 40.@Yes$Tripathi, M., Agrawal, U.R. and Tripathi, J. (2015)@Electrophoretic Analysis in two groups of enzymes of Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae).@I. Res J Biological Sci., 4(10), 20-23.@Yes$Srivastava,S.,Singh, R. and Tewari, R.R. (2012).@Temporal variation among populations of house fly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae).@International Journal of Pharma and Biosciences, 3, 254-260, ISSN- 0975-6299.@Yes$Srivastava, S. (2016).@Evaluation of allozyme markers in housefly population from Mirzapur, India.@J Biol Sci and Med., 2(1), 20-27.@No$Taskin, B.G., Taskin, V. and Kucukakyuz, K. (2011a).@Electrophoretic analysis of genetic diversity in natural house fly (Musca domestica L.) populations from the Western and Southern coasts of Turkey.@Tubitak, Turk. J. Biol., 35, 337-346. http://doi.org/10.3906/biy-0907-87.@Yes$Taskin, B.G., Taskin, V. and Kucukakyuz, K. and Kence, M. (2011b).@Determination of esterase enzyme polymorphism in house fly (Musca domesticaL.) populations in Turkey.@Tubitak, Turk. J. Zool., 35(6), 869-877. http://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1001-24.@Yes$Tripathi, M., Agrawal, U.R. and Tewari, R.R., (2011).@Seasonal genetic variation in house fly populations, Musca domestica (Diptera: Mucsidae).@Cell. Mol. 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Sci., 3(2), 638 -644.@Yes$Land, J.V., Van Putten, W.F., Villarrole, H.,Kamping, A. and Van Delden, W. (2000).@Latitudinal variation for two enzyme loci and an inversion polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster from central and South America.@Evolution, 54, 201-213.@Yes @Short Review Paper <#LINE#>WUSCHEL: The master transcription factor in plant developmental biology<#LINE#>Marufa @Sultana <#LINE#>44-46<#LINE#>7.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-012.pdf<#LINE#>Charuchandra College, Kolkata-700029, India<#LINE#>6/5/2025<#LINE#>17/6/2025<#LINE#>Homeodomain transcription factors are proteins that bind to DNA by conserved HTH motif regions that controls and regulate expression of many target genes. WUSCHEL (WUS) and WUS-related home box (WOX) are the transcription factor controls shoot meristem activity through various signaling pathways. Another expression gene named CLV3 (CLAVATA) interacts with those homeo domain factors controls the meristems inside a plant. Current research has shown that there is a connection between WUS in the plant signaling pathways during genetic transformation, transition between vegetative structures to embryo formation, other aspect of plant development. In this review I give a detailed study of expression and activity of WUS and WOX gene.<#LINE#>Leijten, W., Kusters, E., van Lom, K., & Willemsen, V. (2022).@WUSCHEL in control: Regulation of stem cell fate in the shoot apical meristem.@Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 65, 102–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi. 2021.101982@Yes$Laux, T., Mayer, K. F., Berger, J., & Jürgens, G. (1996).@The WUSCHEL gene is required for shoot and floral meristem integrity in Arabidopsis.@Development, 122(1), 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.1.87@Yes$Bouchabké-Coussa, O., Obellianne, M., Linderme, D., Montes, E., Maia-Grondard, A., Vilaine, F., & Pannetier, C. (2013).@WUSCHEL over expression promotes somatic embryogenesis and induces organogenesis in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) tissues cultured in vitro.@Plant Cell Reports, 32(5), 675–686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/ s00299-013-1395-5@Yes$Yadav, R. K., Perales, M., Gruel, J., Girke, T., Jönsson, H., & Reddy, G. V. (2013).@WUSCHEL protein movement mediates stem cell homeostasis in the Arabidopsis shoot apex.@Genes & Development, 27(17), 2025–2030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.221713.113@Yes$Schoof, H., Lenhard, M., Haecker, A., Mayer, K. F., Jürgens, G., & Laux, T. (2000).@The stem cell population of Arabidopsis shoot meristems is maintained by a regulatory loop between the CLAVATA and WUSCHEL genes.@Cell, 100(6), 635–644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0092-8674(00) 80700-X@Yes$Daum, G., Medzihradszky, A., Suzaki, T., & Lohmann, J. U. (2014).@A mechanistic framework for non-cell autonomous stem cell induction in Arabidopsis.@Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(40), 14619–14624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1406446111@Yes$Sultana, M. and Gangopadhyay, G (2018).@Early expression of WUSCHEL is a marker for in vitro shoot morphogenesis in tobacco and Beta palonga.@Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 134, 277–288. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11240-018-1421-x@Yes$Arroyo-Herrera, A., Gonzalez, A. K., Moo, R. C., Quiroz-Figueroa, F., Loyola-Vargas, V., Rodriguez-Zapata, L., Burgeff D’Hondt, C., Suárez Solís, V. M., & Castano, E. (2008).@Expression of WUSCHEL in Coffea canephora causes ectopic morphogenesis and increases somatic embryogenesis.@Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 94(2), 171–180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-008-9401-3@Yes$Altpeter, F., Springer, N. M., Bartley, L.E., Blechl, A.E., Brutnell, T. P., Citovsky, V., Conrad, L.J., Gelvin, S.B., Jackson, D. P., Kausch, A. P., Lemaux, P.G., Medford, J. I., Orozco-Cardenas, M. L., Tricoli, D.M., Van Eck, J., Voytas, D. F., Walbot, V., Wang, K., Zhang, Z. J., & Stewart, C. N. Jr. (2016).@Advancing crop transformation in the era of genome editing.@The Plant Cell, 28(7), 1510–1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.16.00196@Yes @Research Paper <#LINE#>Utilization of Grape Seed oil, Linalool and Drakshsava for Improvement of Quality Silk-Cocoons from Silk Spinning Worm, Bombyx mori (L)<#LINE#>Vitthalrao Bhimasha @Khyade,Nikhil Pandit @Khanapure <#LINE#>1-10<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-020.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Sharadabai Pawar Mahila Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shardanagar Tal. Baramati Dist. Pune – 413115, India@Department of Chemistry, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University, Solapur, Maharashtra-413 255, India<#LINE#>10/4/2025<#LINE#>25/10/2025<#LINE#>The nutrition quality and health of larval instars exert influence on quality of the silk yield in sericulture. The acetone solutions of oil from Grape-Seeds (10 ml oil from Grape-Seeds dissolved in 90 ml acetone) and ten microliters of acetone solutions of 100 ppm linalool (one part of a substance per one million parts of a solution / mg per liter) were utilized in this attempt through the topical applications to the fifth stages of larvae of silk spinning worm, Bombyx mori (L) (Race: Double Hybrid). The larvae fed with leaves of mulberry treated with water solution of Drakshasav; group of larvae topically applied with acetone solutions of oil from Grape-Seeds (10 ppm) followed by feeding leaves of mulberry treated with aqueous solution of Drakshasav were also maintained. Fifth Instar Larval Life Duration (Hours) and Tissue-Somatic-Index (T.S.I.) of silk-glands in fifth instar silk spinning worms of control group, group from treated with oil from Grape-Seeds; Linalool treated group; group fed with leaves of mulberry treated with water solution of Drakshasav and group treated with oil of Grape-Seeds treated (topical) followed feeding with leaves of mulberry treated with water solution of Drakshasav were recorded 145.33 ( 13.786), 31.426; 168.73( 13.221), 52.625; 177.46 ( 13.786), 52.728; 162.87(14.572), 52.759 and 168.58(18.789), 53.854 units respectively. The Cocoon-Shell-Ratio of control group, Grape-Seed-Oil treated group; Linalool treated group; group fed with leaves of mulberry treated with aqueous solution of Drakshasav and group treated with Grape-Seed-Oil treated acetone (topical) followed feeding with leaves of mulberry treated with water solution of Drakshasav were recorded 19.422; 23.970; 27.989; 28.048 and 28.378 units respectively. Denier scale of silk filament spun by fifth instar silkworms of control group, Grape-Seed-Oil treated group; Linalool treated group; group fed with leaves of mulberry treated with water solution of Drakshasav and group treated with Grape-Seed-Oil treated acetone (topical) followed feeding by leaves of mulberry treated with aqueous solution of Drakshasav were recorded 3.243; 4.706; 4.793; 4.882 and 4.948 units respectively. The range of improvements of tissue-somatic-index (TSI) of silk glands; Shell-Ratio of cocoon and Denier-scale of silk-filament through treatment was 52.625 to 53.854; 23.970 to 28.378 and 4.706 to 4.948 respectively. Efficient use of source of juvenoids like linalool, grape seed oil and drakshasav in desired solvent for treating the larvae serves to orchestrate the progress of metamorphosis.<#LINE#>Field, C. B., Behrenfeld, M. J., Randerson, J. T., & Falkowski, P. 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(2015).@Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Consecutive Extractions of Fatty Acids and Polyphenols from Vitis Vinifera Grape Wastes.@Journal of Food Science. 80(1), E101–E107. doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12715.@Yes$Chandrashekhar Gopalji Thakkur (1974), Introduction to Ayurveda, the science of life, ASI Publishers, ISBN 9780883210055,@undefined@undefined@Yes$Williams, C. M. (1956).@The Juvenile Hormone of Insects.@Nature., 178, 212-213.@Yes$Slama, K. (1971).@Insect juvenile hormone analogues.@Ann. Rev. Biochem., 40, 1079-1102.@Yes$Gopakumar B., Ambika, B. and Prabhu, V. K. K. (1977).@Juvenomimetic activity in some south Indian plants and their probable cause of this activity in Morus alba (L).@Entomon, 2, 259-261.@Yes$Khyade, V. B., Patil, S. B., Khyade, S. V. and Bhawane G. P. (2002).@Influence of acetone maceratives of Vitis vinifera (L) on the larval parameters of silk worm, Bombyx mori (L).@Indian Journal of Comparative Animal Physiology, 20:14-18.@Yes$Khyade V. B. (2004).@Influence of juvenoids on silk worm, Bombyx mori (L).@Ph.D. Thesis, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India.@Yes$Zaoral, M. and Slama, K. (1970).@Peptides with juvenile hormone activity.@Science, 170, 92-93.@Yes$Slama, K. (1971).@Insect juvenile hormone analogues.@Ann. Rev. Biochem., 40, 1079-1102.@Yes$Gopakumar B., Ambika, B. and Prabhu, V. K. K. (1977).@Juvenomimetic activity in some south Indian plants and their probable cause of this activity in Morus alba (L).@Entomon, 2, 259-261.@Yes$Khyade V. B., Patil, S. B., Khyade, S. V. and Bhawane, G. P. (2003).@Influence of acetone maceratives of Vitis vinifera on the economic parameters of silk worm, Bombyx mori (L).@Indian Journal of Comparative Animal Physiology, 21, 28-32.@Yes$Mamatha, D. N., Nagalakshmma, K. and Rajeshwara Rao, M. (1999).@Impact of selected Juvenile Hormone Mimics on the organic constituents of silk worm.@Bombyx mori (L).@Yes$Martin, D. M.; Gershenzon, J.; Bohlmann, J. (2003).@Induction of Volatile Terpene Biosynthesis and Diurnal Emission by Methyl Jasmonate in Foliage of Norway Spruce.@Plant Physiology, 132(3), 1586–1599. doi:10.1104/pp.103.021196.PMC 167096.PMID 12857838.@Yes$Pichersky, E. (2006).@Biosynthesis of Plant Volatiles: Nature@. Science. 311 (5762): 808–811.@Yes$Vitthalrao B. Khyade and Karel Slama (2015).@Screening of acetone solution of FME and Selected Monoterpene Compounds for Juvenile Hormone Activity Through Changes in pattern of Chitin Deposition in the Integument of Fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (PM x CSR2).@IJBRITISH, 2(3), 68-90.@Yes$Krishnaswami, S., Narasimhana, M. N., Suryanarayana, S. K. and Kumaraj, S. (1978).@Sericulture Manual –ll: Silk worm Rearing.@F A O, United Nation’s Rome: 131.@Yes$Bailey, N. T. (1955).@Some problems in the statistical analysis of epidemic data.@Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 35-68.@Yes$Vitthalrao B. Khyade and Manfred Eigen (2018).@Key Role of Statistics for the Fortification of Concepts in Agricultural Studies.@International Academic Journal of Innovative Research, 5(3), 32-46.@Yes$Vitthalrao B. Khyade and Sidney Altman (2018).@Use of Herbal Terpenoid for topical application to fifth instars of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L).@International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering, 5(3),@Yes <#LINE#>Investigation of Butterfly Species in Gairsain block of Chamoli District, Uttarakhand, India<#LINE#>Shilpa@.,Deepa @Pandey,Shankar @Kumar <#LINE#>11-17<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-021.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, SSJDWSSS GPG College Ranikhet–263645, Uttarakhand, India@Department of Zoology, SSJDWSSS GPG College Ranikhet–263645, Uttarakhand, India@Department of Mathematics, SSJDWSSS GPG College Ranikhet–263645, Uttarakhand, India<#LINE#>10/8/2025<#LINE#>20/9/2025<#LINE#>Butterflies are vital indicators of ecological health and also enhance the aesthetic value of habitats. This study examines the butterfly species, abundance and diversity from the Gairsain block in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, India. Field surveys were carried out from March 2023 to March 2025 in the study area. In the study area, we noted 2,223 individuals, 61 species across 6 families & 18 subfamilies within the super family Papilionoidea, during the research. The Nymphalidae family is dominant at 36%, followed by Pieridae at 21%, Lycaenidae at 18%, Papilionidae at 10%, Hesperiidae at 10%, and Riodinidae at 5%, making it the least common. Notably, species listed under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 2022, such as Delias sanaca (Schedule I) and Graphium cloanthus (Schedule II), were also documented. The results highlight the region's rich butterfly diversity and emphasise the importance of conserving local habitats to sustain a healthy environment. This research provides a valuable baseline for future studies, conservation efforts, and the promotion of butterfly-based ecotourism in Uttarakhand.<#LINE#>Robbins, R. K., & Opler, P. A. (1997).@Butterfly diversity and a preliminary comparison with bird and mammal diversity.@Biodiversity II: understanding and protecting our biological resources, 69-82.@Yes$Kocher S.D., & Williams, E.H. (2000).@The diversity and abundance of North American butterflies vary with habitat disturbance and geography.@Journal of biogeography, 27(4), 785-794.@Yes$Gascon, C., Lovejoy, T. E., Bierregaard Jr, R. O., Malcolm, J. R., Stouffer, P. C., Vasconcelos, H. L., Laurance, W.F., Zimmerman, B., Tocher, M. and Borges, S. (1999).@Matrix habitat and species richness in tropical forest remnants.@Biological conservation, 91(2-3), 223-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00080-4.@Yes$TH, R. (2001).@Countryside biogeography of moths in a fragmented landscape: biodiversity in native and agricultural habitats.@Conserv Biol, 15, 378-388.@Yes$Sondhi, S. & K. Kunte (2018).@Butterflies of Uttarakhand Afield Guide.@M/s Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh (Dehradun), Titli Trust (Dehradun), National Centre for Biological Sciences (Bengaluru) & Indian Foundation of Butterflies (Bengaluru), pp 1-310.@No$Singh, A. P. and Sondhi, S. (2016).@Butterflies of Garhwal, Uttarakhand, western Himalaya, India.@Journal of Threatened Taxa, 8(4), 8666-8697.@Yes$Tiwari, P., Tiwari, J. K., & Singh, D. (2013).@Changing Scenario of Traditional Beekeeping in Garhwal Himalaya: A Case Study from Gairsain Block of district Chamoli, Uttarakhand.@International Journal of Life Sciences, 2(1), 16-20.@Yes$Burnham, K. P., Anderson, D. R., & Laake, J. L. (1980).@Estimation of density from line transect sampling of biological populations.@Wildlife monographs, (72), 3-202.@Yes$R.K.Varshney & P. Smetacek (2015).@A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India.@Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal and Indinov Publishing, New Delhi, pp 1-261.@No$Kumar P. (2008).@Handbook on common butterflies of Uttarakhand.@Zoological Survey of India, 1-136.@No <#LINE#>Ebselen Mitigates Methylmercury-Induced Nephrotoxicity in NRK52E Cells<#LINE#>Pragati Kumari @Gupta,Hafizurrahman@. <#LINE#>18-26<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-022.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Maharani Janki Kunwar College, Bettiah, West Champaran, Bihar-845438, India@Department of Zoology, Maharani Janki Kunwar College, Bettiah, West Champaran, Bihar-845438, India<#LINE#>10/8/2025<#LINE#>25/9/2025<#LINE#>Mercury, a toxic environmental pollutant, is readily available in the biogeochemical cycle and poses serious health risks even at trace levels due to its tendency to bioaccumulate. Among its forms, methylmercury (MeHg) is the most toxic, capable of crossing both the placental barrier and blood-brain barrier. This study investigates the cellular toxicity of MeHg on normal rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK52E) and evaluates the protective potential of Ebselen, an organic selenium compound with antioxidant and metal-chelating properties. NRK52E cells were exposed to 0.5 µM, 1 µM, 5 µM and 10 µM concentrations of MeHg, both alone and in combination with 10 µM Ebselen. Multiple assays including MTT for cell viability, wound healing for cell migration, DCFDA for reactive oxygen species (ROS), real-time PCR for gene expression, and cell cycle analysis were performed to assess the extent of toxicity and protection. MeHg exposure led to a significant increase in ROS levels, accompanied by dysregulation of key oxidative stress and cell cycle-related genes such as cMYC, HIF-1α, VEGF, and MMP9. These molecular changes were associated with disrupted cell behaviour, impaired wound healing, and altered cell cycle progression, all indicating cellular toxicity. However, co-treatment with Ebselen significantly reversed these effects. ROS levels were reduced, gene expression patterns normalized, and cell cycle distribution improved. Ebselen’s ability to restore cellular homeostasis demonstrates its strong protective effect against MeHg-induced nephrotoxicity. This study highlights the potential of Ebselen as a therapeutic agent for mitigating mercury-induced kidney cell damage. It emphasizes the importance of early detection of nephrotoxic effects and timely antioxidant intervention to prevent long-term renal impairment caused by environmental toxins like MeHg.<#LINE#>Ke, T., et al. (2022).@Methylmercury-induced nephrotoxicity: mechanisms of oxidative stress and apoptosis.@Toxicology Letters, 362, 20–30.@No$Sakamoto, M., et al. (2021).@Mercury toxicology in the kidney: current understanding and perspectives.@Environmental Research, 195, 110849.@No$Fowler, B. A., et al. (2021).@Mercury and the kidney: a review of the literature and implications for human health.@Toxicology, 458, 152848.@No$Yao, D., et al. (2023).@Molecular insights into methylmercury-induced redox imbalance and protective role of antioxidants.@Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 201, 123–133.@No$Kaur, G., et al. (2021).@Oxidative stress and methylmercury nephrotoxicity: emerging insights into molecular mechanisms.@Journal of Applied Toxicology, 41(4), 552–563. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.4091@No$Silva-Palacios, A., et al. (2022).@Oxidative stress-induced expression of HIF-1α and MMP9 in renal injury models.@Cellular Signalling, 93, 110296.@No$Ghosh, R., et al. (2022).@Antioxidant-based strategies for combating heavy metal toxicity: focus on selenium compounds. Antioxidants, 11(9), 1702.@undefined@No$Zhao, X., et al. (2023).@Ebselen as a therapeutic antioxidant: advances and challenges.@Redox Biology, 58, 102568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2023.102568@No$Tsuboi, T., et al. (2023).@Ebselen mitigates nephrotoxicity in drug-induced acute kidney injury via GPx-mimetic activity.@Pharmaceuticals, 16(5), 687. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16050687@No$Kurauchi, Y., et al. (2022).@Protective effect of Ebselen on cisplatin-induced kidney injury through Nrf2 pathway activation.@Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 449, 116105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2022.116105@No$Branco, V., Caito, S., Farina, M., Teixeira da Rocha, J. B., Aschner, M. (2017).@Biomarkers of mercury toxicity: Past, present, and future trends.@Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 20(3), 119–154.@Yes$Farina, M., Rocha, J. B. T., & Aschner, M. (2011).@Mechanisms of methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity: Evidence from experimental studies.@Life Sciences, 89(15–16), 555–563.@Yes$Yoon, Y., Kim, Y., Kim, S. Y., et al. (2013).@Ebselen attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.@American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 304(8), F919–F927.@No$Mutter, J., Curth, A., Naumann, J., et al. (2007).@Does inorganic mercury play a role in Alzheimer’s disease? A systematic review and an integrated molecular mechanism.@Current Alzheimer Research, 4(2), 231–238.@Yes$Franco, J. L., Braga, H. C., Nunes, A. K. C., et al. (2009).@Lactational exposure to methylmercury induces neurotoxicity and motor deficits in weanling rats.@Neurotoxicology, 30(4), 591–599.@No$Aschner, Michael & Guilarte, Tomás & Schneider, Jay & Zheng, Wei. (2007).@Aschner M, Guilarte TR, Schneider JS, Zheng WManganese: recent advances in understanding its transport and neurotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 221:131-147.@Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 221. 131-47. 10.1016/j.taap.2007.03.001.@Yes$Vaidya, V. S., Ferguson, M. A., & Bonventre, J. V. (2010).@Biomarkers of acute kidney injury.@Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 48, 463–493.@Yes$Halliwell, B. (2011).@Free radicals and antioxidants – quo vadis?@Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 32(3), 125–130.@Yes$Chung, Y. J., Kim, J. M., Park, J. S., et al. (2008).@Roles of reactive oxygen species in the activation of HIF-1α and HIF-1 target genes in response to methylmercury.@Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283(26), 17073–17082.Milzani, A., Dalle-Donne, I., Colombo, R. (2000).@No @Short Communication <#LINE#>First Record of Colour Aberration in Common Woodshrike (Tephrodornis pondicerianus) from Aravalli Hills, Central Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>Saba @Khan,Muskan @Singh,Divaker @Yadav,Subhash @Chandra,Subroto @Dutta <#LINE#>27-29<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-019.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India and Department of Environmental Science (Centre for Excellence), Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India@Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India and Department of Environmental Science (Centre for Excellence), Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India@Department of Zoology, Samrat Prithviraj Chouhan Government College, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India@Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India@Department of Environmental Science (Centre for Excellence), Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India<#LINE#>19/7/2025<#LINE#>10/9/2025<#LINE#>Colour aberrations in birds are rare phenomena that provide insight into genetic, environmental, and physiological variations within species. This report documents a first observed case of possible brown aberration in the Common Woodshrike (Tephrodornis pondicerianus), a species typically characterized by ashy-gray and darker plumage. Brown aberration, a form of pigmentation abnormality resulting in diluted eumelanin, causes the normally dark plumage to appear warmer or lighter in tone. This note provides visual documentation, contextualizes the observation within known literature, and discusses its possible causes and implications.<#LINE#>McGraw, K. J., Safran, R. J., & Wakamatsu, K. (2005).@How feather colour reflects its melanin content.@Functional Ecology, 19(5), 816-821.@Yes$Guay, P. J., Potvin, D. A., & Robinson, R. W. (2012).@Aberrations in plumage coloration in birds.@Australian Field Ornithology, 29(1), 23-30.@Yes$Van Grouw, H. (2021).@What@Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, 141(3), 276-299.@Yes$Grimmett, R., Inskipp, C. & Inskipp, T. (2011).@Birds of Indian Subcontinent.@2nd Edition, Oxford University Press.@No$Choudhary, R., Sharma, V., Dutta, S., Mathur, P., Singh, P., & Sahu, H. (2025).@Habitat suitability for endemic and vulnerable White-Naped Tit (Machlolophusnuchalis) in arid and semi-arid landscapes of India.@Journal of Landscape Ecology, 18(2),@Yes$Choudhary, R., Sharma, V., Upadhyay, M., Dutta, S., Mathur, P., Sahu, H., & Jangir, D. K. (2024).@Additions to the avifauna of Todgarh-Raoli Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan.@@Yes$Konter, A. (2015).@Aberrant plumages in grebes Podicipedidae: An analysis of albinism, leucism, brown and other aberrations in all grebe species worldwide.@Musée national d@Yes$Andersson, L., Bed@The genetic basis for pigmentation phenotypes in poultry. In Advances in poultry genetics and genomics (pp. 67-106).@Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing.@Yes$Mahabal, A., Sharma, R. M., & Sayyed, A. M. I. T. (2015).@Colour aberrations in Indian birds.@Birding Asia, 24(24), 119-121.@Yes$Choudhary, R., Sharma, V., Jangir, D. K., & Dutta, S. (2025).@Intersex plumage in Plum-headed Parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala).@Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia, 95 (1). 61-62. DOI: 10.4081/rio.2024.807@Yes$Jangir, D. K., Choudhary, R., Sharma, V., & Mathur, P. (2024).@Erythrism in House Sparrow (Passer domesticus): a record from Rajasthan, India.@International Studies on Sparrows, 27.@Yes$Jangir, D. K., Choudhary, R., Sharma, V. & Dutta, S. (2024).@Progressive greying in the white-eared bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis).@Taprobanica. 13(1), 31-32. 10.47605/tapro.v13i1.325@No$Jangir, D. K., Choudhary, R., Sharma, V. & Dutta, S. (2023).@First record of brown plumage aberration in Indian Pied Starling (Gracupica contra) from India.@Ornis Hungarica, 31(2). 165–167. DOI: 10.2478/orhu-2023-0027.@Yes @Short Review Paper <#LINE#>Impact of Inclusion of Artificial Intelligence in Class 12 Biology Education : A Review<#LINE#>Wadhwani @L.,Asnani @B. <#LINE#>30-31<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-023.pdf<#LINE#>PM Shri Kendriya Vidhyalaya No. 2, Neemuch, Village Hingoria, Neemuch, Madhya Pradesh, India@Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>10/8/2025<#LINE#>15/10/2025<#LINE#>The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into secondary education is revolutionizing how complex subjects like Class 12 Biology are taught and learned. Biology education at this level encompasses challenging topics such as genetics, molecular biology, ecology, human physiology, and biotechnology, which demand deep conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills. AI applications—ranging from adaptive learning platforms and intelligent tutoring systems to immersive virtual laboratories and real-time automated assessments—are transforming traditional pedagogical methods by personalizing the learning experience, enhancing student engagement, and providing interactive, visual simulations of intricate biological processes. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current AI technologies applied in Class 12 Biology classrooms worldwide, emphasizing their pedagogical value, effectiveness in improving comprehension, and role in preparing students for competitive exams and future scientific studies. The review synthesizes empirical research, case studies, and education policy frameworks such as India’s NEP 2020, highlighting AI’s potential to support diverse learning styles and overcome conventional limitations like scarce laboratory resources and time constraints. Furthermore, the paper discusses challenges in infrastructure, teacher training, data privacy, and ensuring a balance between AI-driven virtual experiments and hands-on learning. It advocates for ethically mindful, well-supported implementation of AI tools to maximize benefits while addressing equity issues. Ultimately, this investigation underscores Artificial Intelligence as a promising catalyst for enhancing quality, inclusivity, and effectiveness in senior secondary biology education, shaping a new paradigm aligned with the demands of 21st-century science education and career pathways.<#LINE#>Alhassan, N., Lawal, S. B., Ibrahim, S., &Yakubu, M. (2024).@The Role of AI-Based Learning Systems in Enhancing Biology Education for Secondary School Students: Impact on Performance, Engagement, and Retention.@International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 4(6), 330-337.@Yes$Mubarik, A. (2024).@The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Improving the Quality of Biology Learning at the Secondary Education Level.@Cognizance, 5(1), 20-38.@Yes$Yuliana, R.A., Ahmad, H., & Primadhany, E. (2025).@Pedagogical incorporation of artificial intelligence in K-12 science: opportunities and challenges. ERIC Journal.@undefined@No$IGI Global. (2025).@AI Based Learning in Biology.@In C. Jain & V. Sinha (Eds.), AI-Based Learning Systems in Science Education.@Yes$Mallillin, L. L. D. (2024).@Artificial Intelligence in Biology Education.@@Yes$Liu, J., Wang Y. & Chen, X. (2025).@AI@Frontiers in Education, 10.3389/ feduc.2025.1577285.@Yes$Nie, W., Zhang, J., & Li, H. (2025).@Research on the Application of AI in A-Level Biology Teaching.@LNEP Conference Proceedings.@No