@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Identification of Novel Bacterial Strains for Enhanced Decolourization of Synthetic Dyes<#LINE#>Doshita @D.,Saniya @Khanum,Anusha @H.,Sarina P. @Khabade <#LINE#>1-11<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2024-022.pdf<#LINE#>Department of PG studies in Biotechnology, Nrupathunga University, NT road, Bangalore, India@Department of PG studies in Biotechnology, Nrupathunga University, NT road, Bangalore, India@Department of PG studies in Biotechnology, Nrupathunga University, NT road, Bangalore, India@Department of PG studies in Biotechnology, Nrupathunga University, NT road, Bangalore, India<#LINE#>20/8/2024<#LINE#>2/1/2025<#LINE#>Synthetic dyes present in textile effluents are significant pollutants of aquatic environments, where they accumulate and pose severe ecological and health risks by entering the food chain. Bacterial bioremediation offers an effective approach to the degradation and management of these contaminants. This study deals with the identification and characterization of three novel bacterial strains capable of decolorizing Methylene Blue, Direct Red 80, and Direct Green 2B dyes. Various physicochemical parameters were optimized to enhance the efficiency of the decolorization process. Among the strains tested, Pseudomonas aeruginosa immobilized using different alginate support matrices, resulted in an 97.7% dye degradation overnight. The findings highlight the potential of these bacterial strains in bioremediation, providing a sustainable approach to treating industrial wastewater contaminated with dyes.<#LINE#>Bishal, A., Ali, K., Ghosh, S., Parua, P., Bandyopadhyay, B., Mondal, S., Jana, M., Datta, A., Das, K. K., & Debnath, B. (2023).@Natural dyes: Its origin, categories and application on textile fabrics in brief.@European Chemical Bulletin, 12(8), 9780–9802.@Yes$Slama, H. B., Chenari Bouket, A., Pourhassan, Z., Alenezi, F. N., Silini, A., Cherif-Silini, H., ... & Belbahri, L. (2021).@Diversity of synthetic dyes from textile industries, discharge impacts and treatment methods.@Applied Sciences, 11(14), 6255.@Yes$Lin, J., Ye, W., Xie, M., Seo, D. H., Luo, J., Wan, Y., & Van der Bruggen, B. (2023).@Environmental impacts and remediation of dye-containing wastewater.@Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 4(11), 785-803.@Yes$Katheresan, V., Kansedo, J., & Lau, S. Y. (2018).@Efficiency of various recent wastewater dye removal methods: A review.@Journal of environmental chemical engineering, 6(4), 4676-4697.@Yes$Crini, G., & Lichtfouse, E. (2019).@Advantages and disadvantages of techniques used for wastewater treatment.@Environmental chemistry letters, 17, 145-155.@Yes$Mohana, S., Acharya, B. K., & Madamwar, D. (2009).@Distillery spent wash: treatment technologies and potential applications.@Journal of hazardous materials, 163(1), 12-25.@Yes$Jamee, R., & Siddique, R. (2019).@Biodegradation of synthetic dyes of textile effluent by microorganisms: an environmentally and economically sustainable approach.@European journal of microbiology and immunology, 9(4), 114-118.@Yes$Patel, Y., Chhaya, U., Rudakiya, D. M., & Joshi, S. (2021).@Biological decolorization and degradation of synthetic dyes: a green step toward sustainable environment.@Microbial Rejuvenation of Polluted Environment, 2, 77-110.@Yes$Kurade, M. B., Waghmode, T. R., Chakankar, M., Awasthi, M. K., Dawkar, V., & Jeon, B. H. (2023).@Microbial consortium as an effective biocatalyst for the decolorization of textile dyes wastewater.@In Current Developments in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (pp. 473-511). Elsevier.@Yes$Aline, S. D. B. (2018).@Formulation of culture media using fish scale bioconversion.@JESES, 4(1), 534-540.@No$Zhang, X., Zhang, D., Chu, S., Khalid, M., Wang, R., Chi, Y., ... & Zhou, P. (2023).@Employing salt-tolerant bacteria Serratia marcescens subsp. SLS for biodegradation of oily kitchen waste.@Chemosphere, 329, 138655.@Yes$Varjani, S., Rakholiya, P., Ng, H. Y., You, S., & Teixeira, J. A. (2020).@Microbial degradation of dyes: An overview.@Bioresource Technology, 314, 123728.@Yes$Kurade, M. B. (2023).@Microbial consortium as an effective biocatalyst for the decolorization of textile dyes wastewater.@In Current Developments in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (pp. 473-511). Elsevier. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91235-8.00007-3@Yes$Susilowati, P. E., Rajiani, N. A., Hermawan, H., Zaeni, A., & Sudiana, I. N. (2019).@The use Immobilized Bacteria-Alginate-Chitin for crack remediation.@IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 299(1), 012010.@Yes
<#LINE#>Isolation, identification and screening of PGPRs and evaluation of their effectiveness on pigeon pea growth with regard to disease complex management<#LINE#>Geeta Rautela @A.,Rose Rizvi @B. <#LINE#>12-22<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2024-032.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India@Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India<#LINE#>14/12/2024<#LINE#>2/1/2025<#LINE#>Plant disease is major problem to global food production. Employments of excess of chemical pesticides in the management of plant disease became major problem to main table agronomics. PGPRs is usually known for plant protection as well as for enhancing crop productivity. The implementation of PGPR can reduce the requirement of pesticides and chemical fertilizers which is very important for sustainable agriculture. This is proved by the researchers PGPRs enhancing the crop yield via direct and indirect mechanism of plants. Pseudomonas fluorescnes is an important PGPR which have great importance in systemic resistance ,plant growth promotion, and biotic management of plant disease and plant growth promotion. Farmers applied large amount of chemical pesticides and food production. PGPR are most important agents in the reduction of disease and increment of growth and yield of plants. Seven strains of Pseudomonas fluorescnes were separated from the soil of pigeon pea field. Pseudomonas fluorescens have significant importance in the increment of plant health and growth. The current study aim to isolated and identify the Pseudomonas fluorescens from the soil their role in the control of wilt disease of pigeon pea. PGPR suppresses plant disease by production of IAA, sulphur, phosphorus, and siderophores. Pseudomonas fluorescens significantly control the plant pathogens. Pseudomonas fluorescens produced the solubilized phosphorus, potassium and fix the atmospheric nitrogen. Pseudomonas fluorescens not only protected plant from pathogens but also enhanced the soil fertility. PGPRs are the important microorganism produced the molecules which enhanced production plant hormone, growth and development.<#LINE#>Gupta, S., Didwania, N., & Srinivasa, N. (2020).@Role of Biofertilizer in Biological Management of Fungal Diseases of Pigeon Pea [(Cajanus cajan) (L.) Millsp.].@Springer. pp. 205-217.@Yes$Siddiqui, S., Siddiqui, Z. A., & Ahmad, I. (2005).@Evaluation of fluorescent Pseudomonads and Bacillus isolates for the biocontrol of a wilt disease complex of pigeonpea.@World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 21(5), 729-732.@Yes$Hasan, A. (1984).@Synergism between Heterodera cajani and Fusarium udum attacking Cajanus cajan.@Nematologia Mediterranea, 12, 159–162.@Yes$Siddiqui, Z. A., & Mahmood, I. (1999).@Effect of Heterodera cajani and Meloidogyne incognita with Fusarium udum and Bradyrhizobium japonicum on the wilt disease complex of pigeonpea.@Indian Phytopathology,  52(1), 66-70.@Yes$Ciftci, C., Tekdal, D., & Cetiner, S. (2021).@The importance of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria for plant productivity.@Abiotic Stress and Legumes, 7(9), 69-80.@Yes$Sun, W., Shahrajabian, M. H., & Soleymani, A. (2024).@The Roles of Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)-Based Biostimulants for Agricultural Production Systems.@Plants, 13(5), 613.@Yes$Bhat, M. A., Mishra, A. K., Jan, S., Bhat, M. A., Kamal, M. A., Rahman, S., & Jan, A. T. (2023).@Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in plant health: a perspective study of the underground interaction.@Plants, 12(3), 629.@Yes$Karabulut, F., Khan, T., Shafi, N., & Parray, J. A. (2023).@Amelioration of biotic stress by using rhizobacteria for sustainable crop produce.@Elsevier. pp. 19-42.@Yes$Chaudhary, P., Singh, S., Chaudhary, A., Sharma, A., & Kumar, G. (2022).@Overview of biofertilizers in crop production and stress management for sustainable agriculture.@Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 930340.@Yes$Teja, A. R., Leona, G., Prasanth, J., Yatung, T., Singh, S., & Bhargav, V. (2023).@Role of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria in sustainable agriculture.@In Advanced Microbial Technology for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment (pp. 175-197). Academic Press.@Yes$Sharma, I. P., Chandra, S., Kumar, N., & Chandra, D. (2017).@PGPR: heart of soil and their role in soil fertility.@Agriculturally Important Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture: Volume I: Plant-soil-microbe nexus, 51-67.@Yes$Chen, X. H., Koumoutsi, A., Scholz, R., Schneider, K., Vater, J., Süssmuth, R., ... & Borriss, R. (2009).@Genome analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 reveals its potential for biocontrol of plant pathogens.@Journal of biotechnology, 140(1-2), 27-37.@Yes$El-Sayed, W. S., Akhkha, A., El-Naggar, M. Y., & Elbadry, M. (2014).@In vitro antagonistic activity, plant growth promoting traits and phylogenetic affiliation of rhizobacteria associated with wild plants grown in arid soil.@Frontiers in microbiology, 5, 651.@Yes$Siddiqui, Z. A. (2006).@PGPR: prospective biocontrol agents of plant pathogens.@PGPR: biocontrol and biofertilization, 111-142.@Yes$Antoun, H. and Prévost, D. (2006).@Ecology of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria.@PGPR: Biocontrol and biofertilization, 1-38.@Yes$Weller, D. M., & Thomashow, L. S. (1993).@@Use of rhizobacteria for biocontrol.@Yes$Kumar, H., Bajpai, V. K., Dubey, R. C., Maheshwari, D. K., & Kang, S. C. (2010).@Wilt disease management and enhancement of growth and yield of Cajanus cajan (L) var. Manak by bacterial combinations amended with chemical fertilizer.@Crop Protection, 29(6), 591-598.@Yes$Weller, D. M., & Thomashow, L. S. (1993).@Use of rhizobacteria for biocontrol.@Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 4(3), 306-311.@Yes$Hoffland, E., Hakulinen, J., & Van Pelt, J. A. (1996).@Comparison of systemic resistance induced by avirulent and nonpathogenic Pseudomonas species.@Phytopathology,  86(7), 757-762.@Yes$Wei, G., Kloepper, J. W., & Tuzun, S. (1996).@Induced systemic resistance to cucumber diseases and increased plant growth by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under field conditions.@@Yes$Kurabachew, H., & Wydra, K. (2013).@Characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their potential as bioprotectant against tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum.@Biological control, 67(1), 75-83.@Yes$Kuarabachew, H., Assefa, F., & Hiskias, Y. (2007).@Evaluation of Ethiopian isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens as biocontrol agent against potato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum.@Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, 90(2), 125-135.@Yes$Kumar, V., Sharma, N., & Kansal, S. (2019).@Characterization of potential PGPRs isolated from rhizoshere of wheat from trans-Himalayas and their efficacy on seed germination and growth promotion of wheat under net house conditions.@Journal of Plant Development Sciences, 11(3), 121-131.@Yes$Holt, J. G., Krieg, N. R., Sneath, P. H., Staley, J. T., & Williams, S. T. (1994).@Bergey’s Manual of Determinative bacteriology, 9th edn.@Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA, 749-755.@Yes$Zhang, B., Phetsang, W., Stone, M. R. L., Kc, S., Butler, M. S., Cooper, M. A., ... & Blaskovich, M. A. (2023).@Synthesis of vancomycin fluorescent probes that retain antimicrobial activity, identify Gram-positive bacteria, and detect Gram-negative outer membrane damage.@Communications Biology, 6(1), 409.@Yes$Bauer, A. W. (1996).@Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method.@Am. J. of Clinc. Path., 45(4) 149-158.@Yes$Antoun, H., Bordeleau, L. M., & Prevost, D. (1982).@Strain identification in Rhizobium meliloti using the antibiotic disk susceptibility test.@Plant and soil, 66, 45-50.@Yes$Lorck, H. (1948).@Production of hydrocyanic acid by bacteria.@Physiologia Plantarum, 1(2), 142-146.@Yes$Penrose, D. M., & Glick, B. R. (2003).@Methods for isolating and characterizing ACC deaminase‐containing plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria.@Physiologia plantarum, 118(1), 10-15.@Yes$Kotasthane, A. S., Agrawal, T., Zaidi, N. W., & Singh, U. S. (2017).@Identification of siderophore producing and cynogenic fluorescent Pseudomonas and a simple confrontation assay to identify potential bio-control agent for collar rot of chickpea.@Biotech, 7(2), 137.@Yes$Riker, A. J., & Riker, R. S. (1936).@Introduction to research of Plant diseases.@Formerly Research Associate in Plant Pathology.@Yes$Siddiqui, Z. A., & Mahmood, I. (1995).@Biological control of Heterdora cajani and Fusarium udum by Bacillus subtilis, Bradhyrhizobium japonicum and Glomus fasciculatum on pigeon pea.@Fundamental and Applied Nematology, 18(6), 559-566.@Yes$Wu, Y., Xiao, S., Qi, J., Gong, Y., & Li, K. (2022).@Pseudomonas fluorescens BsEB-1: an endophytic bacterium isolated from the root of Bletilla striata that can promote its growth.@Plant Signaling & Behavior, 17(1), 2100626.@Yes$Holbrook, C. C. Knauft, D. A. & Dickson, D. W. (1983).@A technique for screening peanut for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria. Plant Disease, 67(9), 957.@undefined@Yes$Taylor, A. L. & Sasser, J. N. (1978).@Biology, Identification and Control of Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Species).@A Cooperative Publication of the Department of Plant Pathol.  pp. 111.@Yes$Aron, D. (1949).@Copper enzymes isolated chloroplasts, polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris.@Plant Physiol, 24(1), 1-15.@Yes$Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. A., & Teare, I. D. (1973).@Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies.@Plant and soil, 39, 205-207.@Yes$Kaur, C., & Kapoor, H.C. (2002).@Anti-oxidant activity and total phenoliccontent of some Asian vegetables.@Int J. Food Sci Technol, 37(2), 153–161.@Yes$Dukare, A., & Paul, S. (2021).@Biological control of Fusarium wilt and growth promotion in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) by antagonistic rhizobacteria, displaying multiple modes of pathogen inhibition.@Rhizosphere, 17, 100278.@Yes$Bhardwaj, D., Ansari, M. W., Sahoo, R. K., & Tuteja, N. (2014).@Biofertilizers function as key player in sustainable agriculture by improving soil fertility, plant tolerance and crop productivity.@Microbial cell factories, 13, 1-10.@Yes$Lalande, R., Bissonnette, N., Coutlée, D., & Antoun, H. (1989).@Identification of rhizobacteria from maize and determination of their plant-growth promoting potential.@Plant and Soil, 115, 7-11.@Yes$Glick, B. R. (1995).@The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria.@Canadian J of Microbiol, 41(2), 109-117.@Yes$Whipps, J. M. (2001).@Microbial interactions and biocontrol in the rhizosphere.@J of Exp Bot, 52(1), 487-511.@Yes$Ahmad, F., Ahmad, I., & Khan, M. S. (2008).@Screening of free-living rhizospheric bacteria for their multiple plant growth promoting activities.@Microbiol Res, 163(2), 173-181.@Yes$Bhattacharyya, P. N., & Jha, D. K. (2012).@Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): emergence in agriculture.@World J of Microbiol and Biotechnol, 28, 1327-1350.@Yes$Mirza Sajjad, M., Ahmad, W., Latif, F., Haurat, J., Bally, R., Normand, P., & Malik, K. A. (2001).@Isolation, partial characterization, and the effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) on micro-propagated sugarcane in vitro.@Plant and soil, 237, 47-54.@Yes$Kloepper, J.W., Lifshitz, R. and Zablotowicz, R.M. (1989).@Free-living bacterial inocula for enhancing crop productivity.@Trends in Biotechnol, 7(2), 39-43.@Yes$Arshad, M., & Frankenberger Jr, W. T. (1997).@Plant growth-regulating substances in the rhizosphere: microbial production and functions.@Adv in Agron, 62, 45-151.@Yes$Latha, T. K. S., & Rajeswar, E. (2000).@Management of root-rot disease complex through antagonists and chemicals.@Indian Phytopathol, 53(2), 216-218.@Yes$Siddiqui, S., Siddiqui, Z. A., & Ahmad, I. (2005).@Evaluation of fluorescent Pseudomonads and Bacillus isolates for the biocontrol of a wilt disease complex of pigeonpea.@World Jof Microbiol and Biotechnol, 21, 729-732.@Yes$Prasad, R. D., & Rangeshwaran, R. (2000).@Effect of soil application of a granular formulation of Trichoderma harzianum on Rhizoctonia solani incited seed rot and damping-off of chickpea.@J of Mycol and Plant Pathol, 30(2), 216-220.@Yes$Siddiqui, I. A., & Shaukat, S. S. (2002).@Resistance against the damping‐off fungus Rhizoctonia solani systemically induced by the plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IE‐6S+) and P. fluorescens (CHA0).@J of Phytopathol, 150, (9), 500-506.@Yes$Ali, S., Hameed, S., Shahid, M., Iqbal, M., Lazarovits, G., & Imran, A. (2020).@Functional characterization of potential PGPR exhibiting broad-spectrum antifungal activity.@Microbiol Res, 232, 126389.@Yes$Kloepper, J. W., Leong, J., Teintze, M., & Schroth, M. N. (1980).@Enhanced plant growth by siderophores produced by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.@Nature, 286(5776), 885-886.@Yes$Weller, D. M. (1988).@Biological control of soilborne plant pathogens in the rhizosphere with bacteria.@Annual review of phytopathol, 26(1), 379-407.@Yes$Siddiqui, Z. A. (2006).@PGPR: prospective biocontrol agents of plant pathogens.@PGPR: biocontrol and biofertilization, pp.111-142.@Yes$Siddiqui, Z. A. & Shakeel, U. (2006).@Wilt Disease Complex of Pigeonpea in Green House Assay and under Pot Condition.@Plant Pathol J., 5(1), 99-105.@Yes$Bagnasco, P., De La Fuente, L., Gualtieri, G., Noya, F., & Arias, A. (1998).@Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. as biocontrol agents against forage legume root pathogenic fungi.@Soil Biol and Biochem, 30(10-11), 1317-1322.@Yes$Karabulut, F., Khan, T., Shafi, N., & Parray, J. A. (2023).@Amelioration of biotic stress by using rhizobacteria for sustainable crop produce.@In Rhizobiome (pp. 19-42). Academic Press.@Yes$Chauhan, V., Mazumdar, S., Pandey, A., & Kanwar, S. S. (2023).@Pseudomonas lipopeptide: An excellent biomedical agent.@MedComm–Biomaterials and Appl,  2(1), e27.@Yes$Manjula, A., Gautam, A. K., & Kumar, A. (2024).@Trichoderma as Potential Biocontrol Agenton Diseases of Soybean (Glycine max L.): A Comprehensive Review.@Biol Forum – An Inte J, 16(3), 242-247.@Yes
<#LINE#>Antimicrobial Properties of some Fungi active against Pathogenic Fungi of Banana Fruits<#LINE#>Debajani @Samantaray,Atmaja Elina @Mishra,Subhransu @Panda,Himadri Das @Mohapatra,Nibha @Gupta <#LINE#>23-29<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-003.pdf<#LINE#>Plant Pathology and Microbiology Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India@Plant Pathology and Microbiology Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India@Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India@Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India@Plant Pathology and Microbiology Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India<#LINE#>27/1/2025<#LINE#>20/2/2025<#LINE#>The present study was aimed to evaluate antimicrobial activity of fungal strains against four bacterial & four fungal pathogens isolated from ripen Banana fruits. The antimicrobial activity of fungal strains against fruit deteriorating pathogens was evaluated by co-inoculation method, followed by confirmatory test by pour plate method. The solvent extraction and evaluation for antimicrobial properties were studied by agar well diffusion method. In the co-inoculation and pour plate method there was a formation of significant zone of inhibition against pathogens. Methanolic and ethanolic extracts of selected fungal strain showed effective antibacterial effect and the methanolic extract of selected fungal strain also demonstrated strong antifungal effect against pathogens. These findings may stimulate the search for new antibacterial and antifungal agents.<#LINE#>Hasan, N. A., & Zanuddin, N. A. M. (2018).@Molecular identification of isolated fungi from banana, mango and pineapple spoiled fruits.@In AIP Conference Proceedings, 2020(1), 1-5.@Yes$Zhao, Y. (2005).@Pathogens in fruit.@In Improving the safety of fresh fruit and vegetables (pp. 44-88).@Yes$Devi, D., & Bordoloi, R. (2021).@Isolation and identification of fungi and bacteria from some spoiled fruits and vegetables.@Plant Archives, 21(1), 1550-1553.@Yes$Mailafia, S., Olabode, H. O. K., & Osanupin, R. (2017).@Isolation and identification of fungi associated with spoilt fruits vended in Gwagwalada market, Abuja, Nigeria.@Veterinary world, 10(4), 393-397.@Yes$Swinburne, T. R. (1993).@Colletotrichum: Biology, Pathology and Control, eds JA Bailey & MJ Jeger. xii+ 388 pp. Wallingford: CAB International (1992).£ 60.00 or $114.00 (hardback).@ISBN 0 85198 756 7. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 121(1), 136-137.@Yes$Anthony, S., Abeywickrama, K., Dayananda, R., Wijeratnam, S., & Arambewela, L. (2004).@Fungal pathogens associated with banana fruit in Sri Lanka, and their treatment with essential oils.@Mycopathologia, 157, 91-97.@Yes$Bashar, M. A., Shamsi, S., & Hossain, M. (2012).@Fungi associated with rotten fruits in Dhaka Metropolis.@Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 41(1), 115-117.@Yes$Hasan, N. A., & Zulkahar, I. M. (2018).@Isolation and identification of bacteria from spoiled fruits.@In AIP Conference Proceedings, 2020(1), 1-5.@Yes$Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., & Ibnsouda, S. K. (2016).@Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review.@Journal of pharmaceutical analysis, 6(2), 71-79.@Yes$Phongpaichit, S., Rungjindamai, N., Rukachaisirikul, V., & Sakayaroj, J. (2006).@Antimicrobial activity in cultures of endophytic fungi isolated from Garcinia species.@FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology, 48(3), 367-372.@Yes$Sabat, J., & Gupta, N. (2009).@Development of modified medium for the enhancement in antifungal activity of P. steckii (MF1 Mangrove Fungi) against Verticillium Wilt pathogenic fungi of rose.@Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 52, 809-818.@Yes$Arivudainambi, U. E., Kanugula, A. K., Kotamraju, S., Karunakaran, C., & Rajendran, A. (2014).@Antibacterial effect of an extract of the endophytic fungus alternariaalternata and its cytotoxic activity on mcf-7 and mda mb-231 tumour cell lines.@Biological letters, 51(1), 7-17.@Yes$Choudhury, M., Mukherjee, K., De, A., Samanta, A., & Roy, A. (2020).@Partial Purification and Characterization of Albain 1, a Triterpene with Antimicrobial Activity, from the Wood Extract of Avicennia alba Blume.@Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 32(2), 38-48.@Yes$Yosboonruang, A., Ontawong, A., Thapmamang, J., &Duangjai, A. (2022).@Antibacterial activity of coffea robusta leaf extract against foodborne pathogens.@Journal of microbiology and biotechnology, 32(8), 1003.@Yes$Khan, N. A., Quereshi, S., Pandey, A., & Srivastava, A. (2009).@Antibacterial activity of seed extracts of commercial and wild Lathyrus Species.@Turkish Journal of Biology, 33(2), 165-169@Yes
<#LINE#>Investigating the haemocyte - mediated immune response in American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) to Escherichia coli infection<#LINE#>Shatavisa @Sardar,Sneha @Paul,Jayati @Ghosh <#LINE#>30-36<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-005.pdf<#LINE#>Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Barasat Govt. College; 10, K.N.C. Road, Barasat, 24 Pgs North, Kolkata-700124, West Bengal, India@Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Barasat Govt. College; 10, K.N.C. Road, Barasat, 24 Pgs North, Kolkata-700124, West Bengal, India@Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Barasat Govt. College; 10, K.N.C. Road, Barasat, 24 Pgs North, Kolkata-700124, West Bengal, India<#LINE#>5/2/2025<#LINE#>9/4/2025<#LINE#>The immune system of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) is primarily innate, relying on various cellular and humoral responses to defend against pathogens. Haemocytes play a central role in the cockroach's immune system, acting as the primary cells involved in defence mechanisms such as phagocytosis, encapsulation, and the production of immune molecules. In the present study, the impact of bacterial infection on haemocyte-mediated immune responses in Periplaneta americana was studied. For the experiment, laboratory-cultured Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, were injected into the abdominal cavity of the insect. Haemolymph was collected 2 hours, 5 hours, and 24 hours post-infection from the treated and control adult cockroaches, and morphological changes were noted. Total haemocyte counts (THC) and differential haemocyte counts (DHC) were also compared between control and inoculated host specimens. THC levels rose at 2 hours of infection, reached a significant peak at 5 hours of infection, and declined at 24 hours of infection. A significant decline in the number of prohaemocytes and an increase in granulocytes were found throughout the infection period. Among all the haemocytes, granulocytes were identified as the major defense cell, presenting an elevated cell count and being associated with aggregation at the site of infection, vacuolation related to phagocytosis, and also being involved in the formation of thin, finger-like extracellular traps.<#LINE#>Dokmaikaw, A. and Suntaravitun, P. (2020).@Prevalence of parasitic contamination of cockroaches collected from fresh markets in Chachoengsao Province, Thailand.@Kobe J Med Sci., 65(4), 118–123.@Yes$Kopanic, R.J.R., Sheldon, B. W., & Wright, C. G. (1994).@Cockroaches as vectors of Salmonella: laboratory and field trials.@J Food Prot., 57(2), 125–135.@Yes$Bell, W.J. and Adiyodi, K.G. (1981).@American Cockroach.@pp 1:4. Springer. ISBN 978-0-412-16140-7.@Yes$Zurek, L. and Schal, C. (2004).@Evaluation of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) as a vector for verotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18 in confined swine   production.@Vet. Microbiol., 101, 263-267.@Yes$Tinker, K.A. and Ottesen, E.A. (2016).@The Core Gut Microbiome of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana, Is Stable and Resilient to Dietary Shifts.@Appl Environ Microbiol., 82(22), 6603-6610.@Yes$Nasirian, H. (2019).@Contamination of cockroaches (Insecta: Blattaria) by medically important bacteriae: a systematic review and meta-analysis.@J. Med. Entomol., 56, 1534-1554.@Yes$Graffar, M. and Mertens, S. (1950).@Le role des Blattesdans la transmission des salmonelloses [Rôle of Blatta in transmission of salmonellosis].@Ann. Inst. Pasteur (Paris), 79, 654-660.@Yes$Turner, M. and Pietri, J.E. (2022).@Antimicrobial peptide expression in the cockroach gut during enterobacterial infection is specific and influenced by type III secretion.@Biol Open., 11(5), bio059414.@Yes$Rust, M. K., Owens, J. M., Reierson D. A. Eds. (1995).@Understanding and controlling the German cockroach.@Oxford University Press, New York.@Yes$Chang, K.S., Shin, E.H., Jung, J.S., Park, C., Ahn Y. J. (2010).@Monitoring for insecticide resistance in field-collected populations of Blattella germanica (Blattaria: Blattellidae).@J. Asia Pac. Entomol., 13, 309–312.@Yes$Jones, J.C. (1964).@Physiology of Insecta (Ed. by M. Rockstein).@Vol. 3, pp2. Academic Press, New York and London.@Yes$Wilson, R., Chen, C. & Ratcliffe, N.A. (1999).@Innate immunity in insects: the role of multiple, endogenous serum lectins in the recognition of foreign invaders in the cockroach, Blaberus discoidalis.@J Immunol, 162, 1590–1596.@Yes$Brivio, M.F., Moro, M. & Mastore, M. (2006).@Down-regulation of antibacterial peptide synthesis in an insect model induced by the body-surface of an entomoparasite (Steinernemafeltiae).@Dev Comp Immunol., 30, 627–638.@Yes$Yakovlev, A.Y. (2011).@Induction of antimicrobial peptide synthesis by the fat body cells of maggots of Calliphoravicina R.-D. (Diptera:Calliphoridae).@Zh Evol Biokhim Fiziol., 47(6), 461–468.@Yes$Ha Lee, J., Hee Lee, I., Noda, H., Mita, K., Taniai, K. (2007).@Verification of elicitor efficacy of lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans on antibacterial peptide gene expression in Bombyx mori.@Insect Biochem Mol Biol., 37, 1338–1347.@Yes$Fiolka, M.J. (2008).@Immunosuppressive effect of cyclosporin A on insect humoral immune response.@J Invertebr Pathol., 98, 287–292.@Yes$Eleftherianos, I., Gokcen, F., Felfoldi, G., Millichap, P. J., Trenczek, T.E., ffrench-Constant, R.H., Reynolds, S.E. (2007).@The immunoglobulin family protein Hemolin mediates cellular immune responses to bacteria in the insect Manduca sexta.@Cell Microbiol, 9, 1137–1147.@Yes$Ryan, N.A. and Karp, R.D. (1993).@Stimulation of hemocyte proliferation in the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) by the injection of Enterobacter cloacae.@Journal of Insect Physiology, 39(7), 601–608.@Yes$Basseri, H.R., Dadi-Khoeni, A., Bakhtiari, R., Abolhassani, M. and Hajihosseini-Baghdadabadi, R. (2016).@Isolation and Purification of an Antibacterial Protein from Immune Induced Haemolymph of American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana.@J Arthropod Borne Dis., 10(4), 519-527.@Yes$Bell, W.J., Roth, L.M., & Nalepa, C.A. (2007).@Cockroaches: ecology, behavior, and natural history.@The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp 23.@Yes$Landois, H. and Landois, L. (1865).@Ueberdienumerische Entwicklung der histologischen Elemenle des Insectenkorpers.@Z. Wiss. Zool., 15, 307-327@Yes$Patton, W.S., Cragg, F.W. (1913).@A textbook of medical entomology.@Christian Lit. Soc. India, London, pp 764.@Yes$Auber, J. (1953).@Microtechnique hematologique.@L@No$Arnold, J.W. and Hinks, C.F. (1976).@Haemopoiesis in Lepidoptera. I. The multiplication of circulating haemocytes.@Can.j. Zool., 54, 1003–1012.@Yes$Hazarika, L.K. and Gupta, A.P. (1987).@Variation in hemocyte populations during various developmental stages of Blatellagermanica (L.)(Dictyoptera, Blattellidae).@ZoolSci., 4, 307–31.@Yes$Phukan, M., Hazarika, L.K., Barooah, M., Puzari, K.C., Kalita, S. (2008).@Interaction of Dicladispaarmigera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) haemocytes with Beauveriabassiana.@Int J Trop Insect Sci., 28, 88–97.@Yes$Mudoi, A., Das, P., Hazarika, L.K., Das, K., Roy, S. (2020).@Variations in hemocyte profile induced by Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. In Periplaneta Americana (L.)(Blattodea: Ectobiidae.@International journal of tropical insect science, 40, 81–91.@Yes$Gupta, A.P. (1985).@Cellular elements in the hemolymph, In: Kerkut GA, Gilbert LI, editors. Comprehensive insect physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology.@vol. 3. Elmsford, New York: Pergamon Press; 1985. pp. 402–44.@Yes$Cho, Y. and Cho, S. (2019).@Hemocyte-hemocyte adhesion by granulocytes is associated with cellular immunity in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus.@Sci Rep., 9, 18066.@Yes$Awad, H.H. (2012).@Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis and farnesol on haemocytes response and lysosomal activity of the black cut worm Agrotis ipsilon larvae.@Asian journal of biological sciences, 5, 157-170.@Yes$Ali, S.M., Siddiqui, R., Ong, S.K., Shah, M.R., Anwar, A., Heard, P.J. and Khan, N.A. (2017).@Identification and characterization of antibacterial compound (s) of cockroaches (Periplaneta americana).@Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., 101(1), 253–286.@Yes$Reginald, K., Wong, Y.R., Shah, S.M.R., The, K.F., Freddy Jalin, E.J. and Khan, N.A. (2021).@Investigating immune responses of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus to pathogenic Escherichia coli K1.@Microbes Infect, 23(9-10), 104876.@Yes
<#LINE#>Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant Vibrio Cholerae O1 El Tor strains across diverse Indian geographic regions<#LINE#>Sounak @Sarkar,Ashish @Saraf,Joystu @Dutta <#LINE#>37-45<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2025-006.pdf<#LINE#>MATS School of Sciences, MATS University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India@MATS School of Sciences, MATS University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India@Department of Environmental Science, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya Sarguja, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India<#LINE#>28/2/2025<#LINE#>13/4/2025<#LINE#>Cholera poses a major health risk in several countries worldwide, even in the present century. Hence, it is very important to develop new therapeutic and diagnostic methods for restricting the transmission of the disease. Continued research in the field is necessary for understanding how the dynamics of bacterial virulence, pathogenesis and survival strategies keep changing. In the present study, a total of 20 clinical Vibrio cholerae O1 four strains from each year, from all over the country, were selected from different parts of India were investigated to analyze their genotypic and phenotypic dynamicity. The strains studied mostly used Ogawa and T-27 as the prevalent phage type. The study revealed an alarming situation of the emergence of Multidrug resistance. These strains from India emerged in the form of Haitian ctxB and Haitian tcpA. This is quiet alarming to note the shifting of genotype in V. cholerae strains in India. PFGE analysis showed that overall PFGE similarity between the strain about 80% with fourteen different patterns. Additionally, rabbit ileal loop assay showed the toxicity of V. cholerae strains. Overall, the study showed the emergence of multidrug resistance V.choleraehybrid strain circulating throughout the country.<#LINE#>Jubyda, F. T., Nahar, K. S., Barman, I., Johura, F. T., Islam, M. T., Sultana, M., ... & Alam, M. (2023).@Vibrio cholerae O1 associated with recent endemic cholera shows temporal changes in serotype, genotype, and drug-resistance patterns in Bangladesh.@Gut pathogens, 15(1), 17.@Yes$Sack, D. A., Sack, R., Nair, G., and Siddique, A. (2004).@Cholera.@Lancet, 363, 223-33.@Yes$Waldor, M. K., Tschäpe, H. E. L. M. U. T., &Mekalanos, J. J. (1996).@A new type of conjugative transposon encodes resistance to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and streptomycin in Vibrio cholerae O139.@Journal of bacteriology, 178(14), 4157-4165.@Yes$Morita, M., Ohnishi, M., Arakawa, E., Bhuiyan, N. A., Nusrin, S., Alam, M., ... & Watanabe, H. (2008).@Development and validation of a mismatch amplification mutation PCR assay to monitor the dissemination of an emerging variant of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor.@Microbiology and immunology, 52(6), 314-317.@Yes$Das, M., Nandy, R. K., Bhowmick, T. S., Yamasaki, S., Ghosh, A., Nair, G. B., & Sarkar, B. L. (2012).@Vibrio cholerae typing phage N4: genome sequence and its relatedness to T7 viral supergroup.@Intervirology, 55(3), 185-193.@Yes$Jaiswal, A., Sarkar, S., Das, P., Nandy, S., Koley, H., & Sarkar, B. (2015).@Trends in the genomic epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated worldwide since 1961.@International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 46(4), 460-464.@Yes$World Health Organization (2014).@Cholera.@Wkly Epidemiol. Rec., 90, 517-544.@No$Bagchi K.I., Echeverria P., Arthur J.D., Sethabutr O., Serichantalergs O. and Hoge C.W. (1993).@Epidemic of diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae non-O1 that produced heat-stable toxin among Khmers in a camp in Thailand.@J. Clin Microbiol., 31, 1315-17.@Yes$Basu, S., & Mukerjee, S. (1968).@Bacteriophage typing of Vibrio eltor.@Experientia, 24(3), 299-300.@Yes$Shah, M. M., Bundi, M., Kathiiko, C., Guyo, S., Galata, A., Miringu, G., ... & Yoshida, L. M. (2023).@Antibiotic-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 and its SXT Elements Associated with two Cholera epidemics in Kenya in 2007 to 2010 and 2015 to 2016.@Microbiology Spectrum, 11(3), e04140-22.@Yes$Sarkar, B. L., De, S. P., Saha, M. R., Niyogi, S. K., & Roy, M. K. (1994).@Validity of new phage typing scheme against Vibrio cholerae 01 biotype ElTor strains.@The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 99, 159-161.@Yes$Bauer, A.W., W.M. Kirby, J.C. Sherries and M. Turck. (1966).@Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method.@AM. J. Clinical Pathol., 45, 493-496.@Yes$Cooper, K. L. F., Luey, C. K. Y., Bird, M., Terajima, J., Nair, G. B., Kam, K. M., ... & Ribot, E. M. (2006).@Development and validation of a PulseNet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocol for subtyping of Vibrio cholerae.@Foodbourne Pathogens & Disease,  3(1), 51-58.@Yes$De, R., Ramamurthy, T., Sarkar, B. L., Mukhopadhyay, A. K., Pazhani, G. P., Sarkar, S., ... & Nair, G. B. (2017).@Retrospective genomic analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains from different places in India reveals the presence of ctxB-7 allele found in Haitian isolates.@Epidemiology & Infection, 145(11), 2212-2220.@Yes$Naha A, Pazhani GP, Ganguly M, Ghosh S, Ramamurthy T, Nandy RK, Nair GB, Takeda Y, Mukhopadhyay AK. (2012).@Development and evaluation of a PCR assay for tracking the emergence and dissemination of Haitian variant ctxB in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated from Kolkata.@India. J Clin Microbiol., 50, 1733-6.@Yes$Rajpara N., Vinothkumar K., Mohanty P., Singh A.K., Singh R., Sinha R., Nag D., Koley H. and Bhardwaj A.K. (2013).@Synergistic effect of various virulence factors leading to high toxicity of environmental V. cholerae non-O1/ non-O139 isolates lacking ctx gene: comparative study with clinical strains.@PLoS One., 8(9), e76200.@Yes$Barati H., Moradi G., Rasouli M.A. and Mohammadi P. (2015).@Epidemiologic and Drug Resistance Pattern of Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor, Serotype Ogawa, in the 2011 Cholera Outbreak, in Alborz Province, Iran.@Jundishapur J Microbiol., 8(11), e23477.@Yes$B.L, S., Das, M., Rajendran, K., & Nair, G. B. (2011).@Phage types of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 in the past decade in India.@Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 64(4), 312-315.@Yes$Kar S.K., Pal B.B., Khuntia H.K., Achary K.G. and Khuntia C.P. (2015).@Emergence and spread of tetracycline resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant during 2010 cholera epidemic in the tribal areas of Odisha, India.@Int J Infect Dis., 33, 45-9.@Yes$Bhattacharya, K., Kanungo, S., Sur, D., Sarkar, B. L., Manna, B., Lopez, A. L., ... & Niyogi, S. K. (2011).@Tetracycline-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1, Kolkata, India.@Emerging infectious diseases, 17(3), 568.@Yes$Palewar M.S., Choure A.C., Mudshingkar S., Dohe V., Kagal A., Bhardwaj R., Jaiswal A. and Sarkar B. (2015).@Typing and Antibiogram of Vibrio cholerae Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pune: A 3 Year Study.@J Glob Infect Dis., 7, 35-6.@Yes$Pal, B. B., Khuntia, H. K., Samal, S. K., Kar, S. K., & Patnaik, B. (2010).@Epidemics of severe cholera caused by El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa possessing the ctxB gene of the classical biotype in Orissa, India.@International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14(5), e384-e389.@Yes$Thapa Shrestha U., Adhikari N., Maharjan R., Banjara M.R., Rijal K.R., Basnyat S.R. and Agrawal V.P. (2015).@Multidrug resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 from clinical and environmental samples in Kathmandu city.@BMC Infect Dis., 15, 104.@Yes$Mahapatra T., Mahapatra S., Babu G.R., Tang W., Banerjee B., Mahapatra U. and Das A. (2014).@Cholera outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia: descriptive analysis, 2003-2012.@Jpn J Infect Dis.2014; 67(3), 145-56.@Yes$Bhowmick T.S., Das M., Roy N. and Sarkar B.L. (2007).@Phenotypic and molecular typing of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 isolates from India.@J Infect., 54, 475-82.@Yes$Bhowmick, T.S., M. Das and B. L. Sarkar (2011).@Genotypic characterization of Vibrio cholerae isolates using several DNA fingerprint techniques.@Future Microbiol., 6, 29-42.@Yes$Ghosh P., Kumar D., Chowdhury G., Singh P., Samanta P., Dutta S., Ramamurthy T., Sharma N.C., Sinha P., Prasad Y., Shinoda S. and Mukhopadhyay A.K. (2017).@Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains that trace the origin of Haitian-like genetic traits.@Infect Genet Evol., 15 (54), 47-53.@Yes
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Reasons led to reconsideration of botanicals as stored grain insect pest control agents<#LINE#>Vasudha @Lingampally,V.R. @Solanki,S. Sabita @Raja <#LINE#>46-61<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2024-031.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Zoology, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India@Department of Zoology, University College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India@Department of Zoology, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India<#LINE#>10/11/2024<#LINE#>14/2/2025<#LINE#>Ensuring the safety of food grains poses a significant and pressing challenge for grain handling organizations and experts in stored product entomology worldwide. Insects are universally recognised as the primary adversaries of stored grains, as they not only cause direct damage but also create an environment conducive to secondary infestations, primarily by fungal pathogens. Synthetic insecticides and fumigants have demonstrated higher efficacy in managing insect pests that affect stored grains. However, their widespread and indiscriminate use over many years, aimed at reducing post-harvest losses and preserving grain quality, has resulted in several adverse outcomes. These include the development of genetic resistance in pest species, lingering residues in stored grains, safety hazards during handling, pollution of storage environments, health concerns for humans, and detrimental impacts on the environment, thereby jeopardising the sustainability of ecosystems. These undesirable consequences have driven researchers to seek safer, efficient, and nontoxic grain protectants. Natural products derived from plants are increasingly gaining recognition as promising bio rational substitutes for synthetic insecticides in the control of postharvest insect pests. There has been a growing interest in various regions across the globe in investigating botanicals as a new approach to safeguarding grains. This review primarily focuses on the reasons that have sparked renewed scientific curiosity in utilising botanicals as stored grain insect pest control agents. It explores botanicals as an ecofriendly alternative to synthetic insecticides for stored grain insect pest management and provides an overview on the use of botanicals as stored grain insect pest control agents. This review also summarises the obstacles, constraints linked to the commercialization of botanicals as grain protectants.<#LINE#>Ashfaq, M., Griffith, G., and Parton, K. (2001).@Welfare Effects of Government Interventions in the Wheat Economy of Pakistan.@Pak. J. Agric. Econ., 4(1), 25-33.@Yes$Vasudha lingampally, V. R. Solanki, Amarjit Kaur and S. Sabita Raja (2013).@Effect of Andrographolide on The Protein Content of TriboliumConfusum (Duval).@Int. J. Pure Appl. Zool., 1(1), 70-79.@Yes$Golob, P., Dales, M., Fidgen, A., Evans, J. and Gudrups, I. (1999).@The Use of Spices and Medicinals as Bioactive Protectants for Grains.@FAO, Rome, Italy. ISBN 92-5-104294-2.@Yes$Osuji, F. N. C. (1985).@Ouline of stored products. Entomology for the tropics.@First Edition. Fourth Dimension Publishers, Enugu, Nigeria.@Yes$Lale N (2002).@Stored product Entomology and Acarology.@Mole Publications, Maiduguri. pp. 264.@Yes$R.K. Upadhyay and S. Ahmad (2011).@Management Strategies for Control of Stored Grain Insect Pests in Farmer Stores and Public Warehouses.@World J. Agric. Sci., 7(5), 527-549.@Yes$Talukder, F.A., Islam, M.S., Hossain, M.S., Rahman, M.A. and Alam, M.N. (2004).@Toxicity effects of botanicals and synthetic insecticides on Triboliumcastaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzoperthadominica (F.). Bang.@J. Env. Sci., 10(2), 365–367.@Yes$Dubey, N. K., Srivastava, B. and Kumar, A. (2008).@Current status of plant products as botanical pesticides in storage pest management.@J. Biopest., 1(2), 182–186.@Yes$Jilani, G., (1984).@Use of Botanical Materials for Protection of Stored Food Grains against Insect Pest - A Review.@Research Planning Workshop on Botanical pest control project, IRRI, Los Danos, pp 6-10.@Yes$Tefera, T., Kanampiu, F., Groote, H.D., Hellin, J., Mugo, S., Kimenju, S., Beyene, Y., Boddupalli, P., Shiferaw, B. and Banziger, M. (2010).@The metal silo: an effective grain storage technology for reducing post-harvest insect and pathogen losses in maize while improving smallholder farmers@Crop Prot., 30, 240-245.@Yes$Charles A.O. Midega, Alice W. Murage, Jimmy O. Pittchar and Zeyaur R. Khan (2016).@Managing storage pests of maize: Farmers@Crop Protection, 90,142-149.@Yes$O. A. Oke and S. Muniru (2001).@Fungi associated with stored rice grains and their implications.@Nigerian Journal of Research and Review of Scientific, 2, 6–9.@Yes$Vasudha Lingampally, V. R.Solanki and Sabita Raja Sangam (2013).@Terpenoids-Effective agents for the control of Triboliumconfusum.@LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany. ISBN: 10: 3659442860 / ISBN 13: 9783659442865.@No$Phillips T.W. and Throne J.E. (2010).@Bio-rational Approaches to Managing Stored Product.@Annual Review of Entomology, 55,375-397.@Yes$Sharon M., Abirami C.V. and Alagusundaram K. (2014).@Grain storage management in India.@Journal of Post-Harvest Technology, 2(1),12-24.@Yes$Basavaraja, H., Mahajanashetti, S.B. and Udagatti, N. C. (2007).@Economic analysis of post-harvest losses in food grains in India: A case study of Karnataka.@Agricultural Economics Research Review, 20, 117-126.@Yes$M. Nagpal and A. Kumar. (2012).@Grain losses in India and government policies.@Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 4(3), 143.@Yes$Boxall, R. A. (2001).@Post-harvest losses to insects - a world overview.@International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 48(1-4),137-152.@Yes$Singh, P. K. (2010).@A decentralized and holistic approach for grain management in India.@Current Science, 99 (9), 1179-1180.@Yes$P.P. Said and V.V. Pashte (2015).@Botanicals: The Protectants of Stored Grains Pests.@Trends in Biosciences, 8(15), 3750-3755.@Yes$Raja N., Abert S., Ignacimuthu S. and Dorn S. (2001).@Effect of plant volatile oils in protecting stored cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchdae) infestation.@J. stored prod. Res., 37, 127-132.@Yes$Matthews G.A. (1993).@Insecticide application in the stores. In Matthews, G.A. and Hislop, E.C. (eds.). Application technology for crop protection.@CAB, London. pp. 305-315.@Yes$Rajashekar Y., Gunasekaran N. and Shivanandappa T. (20104).@Insecticidal activity of the root extract of Decalepishamiltonii against stored-product insect pests and its application in grain protection.@J Food Sci Technol., 7, 310–314.@Yes$Jacobson M. (1982).@The potential role of natural product chemistry research in Heliothis management.@In: Proceedings of International Workshop on Heliothis Management: Patacheru, Andrapradesh, India. pp 233-240.@Yes$S Ramya and R Jayakumararaj (2009).@Antifeedant Activity of Selected Ethno-botanicals used by Tribals of Vattal Hills on Helicoverpaarmigera (Hübner).@Journal of Pharmacy Research, 2(8), 1414-1418.@Yes$Raju P (1984).@The staggering storage losses - causes and extent.@Pesticide, 18, 35-37.@Yes$Talukder, F. (2009).@Pesticide Resistance in Stored-Product Insects and Alternative Biorational Management: A Brief Review.@Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, 14, 9–15.@Yes$Obeng-Ofori, D. (2008).@Management of Stored Product Arthropods Pest.@In: Cornelius E. W. and Obeng-ofori, D. (eds), Postharvest Science and Technology, college of agriculture and consumer services, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, pp 92-146.@No$Evans, D.E. (1987).@Stored Products., in A.J. Burn, T.H. Coaker and P.C. Jepson (eds.).@International Pest Management, Academic Press, London. pp. 425 – 461.@No$Pederson, J.R. (1992).@Insects In: Storage of cereal grains and their products (Editor: D. B. Sauer), American Association of cereal chemists, Minnesota, USA, pp 615. ISBN: 978-0-913250-74-7@undefined@Yes$Phillips, J. K., and Burkholder, W. E. (1984).@Health hazards of insects and mites in food.@In Insect Management for Food Storage and Processing (F. J. Bauer, Ed.), American Association of cereal chemists, Minnesota. USA. pp. 280–293.@Yes$Ismaila U., A. S. Gana, N. M. Tswanya and D. Dogara (2010).@Cereals production in Nigeria: Problems, constraints and opportunities for betterment.@African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(12), 1341-1350.@Yes$Balami D. H., I. Ogboru and D. M. Talba (2011).@The Cereal Economy in Nigeria and the Sub- Regional Dimension. A Publication of Social Science Study Group (SSSG), Benue State University, Makurdi.@SSSG Series 29, 1-71. ISBN:9785033856, 9789785033854@Yes$Ahmed SA. and Grainage M. (1986).@Potential of neem tree for pest control and rural development.@Economic Botany, 40, 201-209.@Yes$Nopsa, J.F.H., Daglish, G.J., Hagstrum, D.W., Leslie, J.F., Phillips, T.W., Scoglio, C., Thomas-Sharma, S., Walter, G.H. and Garrett, K.A. (2015).@Ecological networks in stored grain: key post-harvest nodes for emerging pests, pathogens, and mycotoxins.@Bioscience, 65,985-1002.@Yes$Lal S., Srivastava B. P. (1985).@Insect pests of stored wheat of Madhya Pradesh (India).@Journal of Entomological Research, 9, 141–148.@Yes$Shazali, M.E.H. (1987).@Problems of food grain storage in the Sudan with particular reference to insects. Workshop on storage and preservation on food grains.@Khartoum, Sudan.@Yes$Harein, P.K. and Davis, R. (1992).@Control of stored – grain insects.@In: storage of cereal grains and their products. Editor: Sauer, D.B. Fourth edition. American Association of cereal chemists, Minnesota. USA. 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