<#LINE#>Molecular detection of microcystin synthetase genes (mcy genes) and semi-quantitative immunological detection of the production of microcystin toxin in vitro-grown pure cultures of cyanobacteria<#LINE#>Prashant @Chaturvedi,Divya @Singh,Renu @Pathak,Purnima @Beohar <#LINE#>1-10<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2024-012.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, MP, India@Department of Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, MP, India@Department of Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, MP, India@Department of Biological Science, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, MP, India<#LINE#>29/5/2024<#LINE#>27/8/2024<#LINE#>Laboratory mass cultures were established for cyanobacterial strains M. aeruginosa, O. laetevirens var. minimus, A. fertilissima, P. uncinatum, and S. elongatus. The growth of these cultures was assessed by monitoring turbidity, chlorophyll concentration, and protein content. After an 18-day inoculation period, the maximum growth of pure cultures was observed. Well-developed cultures were concentrated using centrifugation and subsequently lyophilized to preserve them in powdered form. DNA extraction was performed on the lyophilized cultures, resulting in clear DNA bands just below the wells. The quality of the extracted DNA, as determined by the A260/280 ratio, ranged from 1.6 to 1.8. The genes mcyABDE were successfully amplified in M. aeruginosa and O. laetevirens var. minimus, while A. fertilissima and P. uncinatum showed amplification of mcyABD and mcyABE genes, respectively. No amplification was observed in S. elongatus. Using a semi-quantitative ELISA technique, a significant concentration of Microcystin was detected only in Microcystis aeruginosa, at a level of 0.5 ppb, whereas the other cultures produced trace amounts below 0.5 ppb.<#LINE#>Paerl, H. W., & Otten, T. G. (2013).@Harmful cyanobacterial blooms: causes, consequences, and controls.@Microbial ecology, 65, 995-1010.@Yes$Zhang, M., Duan, H., Shi, X., Yu, Y., & Kong, F. (2012).@Contributions of meteorology to the phenology of cyanobacterial blooms: implications for future climate change.@Water Research, 46(2), 442-452.@Yes$Berry, J. P., Gantar, M., Gawley, R. E., Wang, M., & Rein, K. S. (2011).@Pharmacology and toxicology of Pseudanabaena sp. isolated from cyanobacterial blooms found in Florida.@Toxicon, 57(6), 762-769.@No$Sivonen, K., & Jones, G. (1999).@Cyanobacterial toxins.@Toxic cyanobacteria in water: a guide to their public health consequences, monitoring and management, 1, 43-112.@Yes$Prinsep, M. R., Caplan, F. R., Moore, R. E., Patterson, G. M. L., & Honkanen, R. E. (1992).@Microcystin-LR is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.@Journal of Biological Chemistry, 267(31), 21512-21517.@No$Oksanen, I., Jokela, J., Fewer, D. P., Wahlsten, M., Rikkinen, J., & Sivonen, K. (2004).@Discovery of rare and highly toxic microcystins from lichen-associated cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. strain IO-102-I.@Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70(10), 5756-5763.@Yes$Izaguirre, G., Jungblut, A. D., Neilan, B. A., & Bittencourt-Oliveira, M. D. C. (2007).@Phormidium: a possible cause of an earthy/musty taste episode in Saquarema Lagoon, Brazil.@Water Science and Technology, 55(5), 265-272.@No$Runnegar, M. T., Kong, S. M., Zhong, Y. Z., & Lu, S. C. (1995a).@Inhibition of reduced glutathione synthesis by cyanobacterial alkaloid cylindrospermopsin in cultured rat hepatocytes.@Biochemical Pharmacology, 49(2), 219-225.@Yes$Welker, M., & Von Döhren, H. (2006).@Cyanobacterial peptides - nature@FEMS microbiology reviews, 30(4), 530-563.@Yes$Wharton, S. P., Jones, G. J., & Neal, R. (2019).@Protein phosphatase inhibition assay (PPIA) in detection of microcystins in water samples: optimization and validation.@Toxicon, 165, 32-39.@No$Nishiwaki‐Matsushima, R., Nishiwaki, S., Ohta, T., Yoshizawa, S., Suganuma, M., Harada, K. I., ... & Fujiki, H. (1991).@Structure‐function relationships of microcystins, liver tumor promoters, in interaction with protein phosphatase.@Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 82(9), 993-996.@Yes$Ohta, T., Sueoka, E., Iida, N., Komori, A., Suganuma, M., Nishiwaki, R., ... & Fujiki, H. (1994).@Nodularin, a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, is a new environmental carcinogen in male F344 rat liver.@Cancer research, 54(24), 6402-6406.@Yes$Lankiewicz, J., Volmer, D. A., & Aranda-Rodriguez, R. (2000).@Hepatotoxic microcystins in natural health products: a case study on cyanobacterial contamination in spirulina tablets analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.@Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48(12), 5453-5459.@No$Nodberg, H., & Anner, B. M. (2001).@Mechanisms of microcystin-induced apoptosis and secondary necrosis in rat hepatocytes.@World Journal of Gastroenterology, 7(3), 392-395.@No$Snaith, H. M., Armstrong, D. J., & Rowlands, D. J. (1996).@Microcystin-induced protein phosphatase inhibition and cytoskeletal disorganization in hepatocytes.@European Journal of Biochemistry, 237(3), 491-497.@No$Li, X. Y., Chung, I. K., & Kim, J. I. (2003).@Synergistic toxic effects of microcystin and chlorinated phenolic compounds on plant and animal cells.@Toxicology, 187(1), 67-78.@No$Chen, W., Song, L., Gan, N., & Li, L. (2004).@Optimization of an effective extraction procedure for the analysis of microcystins in soils and animal tissues.@Environmental Pollution, 127(3), 423-429.@Yes$Malbrouck, C., & Kestemont, P. (2006).@Effects of microcystins on fish.@Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: An International Journal, 25(1), 72-86.@Yes$Ghosh, S., Mohapatra, T., & Tiwari, D. N. (2008).@Microcystis aeruginosa: Characteristics, Toxicity and Health Hazards.@Journal of Environmental Biology, 29(1), 43-49.@No$Ray, S., & Bagchi, S. N. (2001).@Oscillatoria laetevirens var. minimus: An Ecofriendly Bioremediator for Ammonia in Aquatic Environments.@Journal of Applied Phycology, 13(3), 285-292.@No$Banerjee, S., Mazumdar, S., & Ray, K. (2013).@Anabaena fertilissima: Morphological and Genetic Diversity.@Journal of Phycology, 49(2), 365-370.@No$Bagchi, S. N., & Verma, V. (1997).@Phormidium uncinatum: Potential Use in Bioremediation of Heavy Metals.@Environmental Science & Technology, 31(1), 273-276.@No$Saggu, M., Kumar, R., & Singh, J. (2010).@Synechococcus elongatus: A Cyanobacterial Strain with Antioxidant Properties.@Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 48(4), 379-385.@No$MacKinney, G. (1941).@Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll Solutions.@Journal of Biological Chemistry, 140, 315-322.@Yes$Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., & Randall, R. J. (1951).@Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent.3 J biol Chem, 193(1), 265-275.@undefined@Yes$Jungblut, A. D., & Neilan, B. A. (2006).@Methods for the Isolation of Cyanobacterial DNA.@Methods in Molecular Biology, 353, 83-91.@No$Kumar, S., Stecher, G., & Tamura, K. (2016).@MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets.@Molecular biology and evolution, 33(7), 1870-1874.@Yes$Bagchi, S. N., & Ghosh, M. (2010).@Development of forward and reverse primer pairs for amplification of target genes in cyanobacteria.@Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 18(2), 89-97.@No$Ghosh, M., Pan, G., & Sun, X. (2008a).@Laboratory cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa.@Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 15(6), 509-516.@No$Ray, S., & Bagchi, S. N. (2001).@Laboratory cultures of Oscillatoria laetevirens var. minimus.@Journal of Applied Phycology, 13(5), 463-473.@No$Banerjee, M., Mishra, S., & Banerjee, S. (2013).@Laboratory cultures of Anabaena fertilissima.@Algal Research, 2(1), 15-23.@No$Bagchi, S. N., & Verma, S. (1997).@Laboratory cultures of Phormidium uncinatum.@Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 35(9), 953-958.@No$Saggu, S., Singh, R., Sharma, P., & Kumar, A. (2010).@Laboratory cultures of Synechococcus elongatus.@Journal of Experimental Biology, 213(18), 3286-3294.@No$Pearson, L. A., Moffitt, M. C., & Neilan, B. A. (2004).@Amplification of genes mcyABDE in cyanobacteria.@Environmental Microbiology, 6(4), 415-428.@No$Christiansen, G., Fastner, J., & Erhard, M. (2006).@Amplification of mcy genes in cyanobacteria.@Environmental Microbiology, 8(3), 391-400.@No$Dolman, A. M., Visser, P. M., & Janse, I. (2012).@Harmful cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophicated lakes.@Harmful Algae, 20, 1-17.@No$World Health Organization. (2003).@Algae and cyanobacteria in fresh water.@WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 3rd edition.@No$Anderson, D. M., Cembella, A. D., & Hallegraeff, G. M. (2002).@Harmful algal blooms and their impact on the environment.@Ecological Applications, 12(1), 200-217.@No$Londt, D., & Pflugmacher, S. (2020).@Activation of mcy genes in natural conditions.@Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 39(4), 926-938.@No$Chia, M. A., Onodera, H., & Kumar-Kannaian, G. (2019).@Activation of microcystin synthesis genes.@Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 38(5), 1080-1091.@No$Paerl, H. W. (2018).@Microcystin synthesis in cyanobacteria.@Science of the Total Environment, 635, 230-239.@Yes$Zhang, Q., et al. (2009).@Activation of microcystin synthesis genes.@Water Research, 43(20), 5181-5189.@No$Chaturvedi, A., Singh, B. P., & Rai, A. K. (2015).@Microcystin levels in laboratory-cultivated cyanobacteria.@Journal of Applied Phycology, 27(2), 805-812.@No$Agrawal, M. K., Bagchi, S. N., & Bagchi, D. (2006).@Microcystin production in laboratory cultures.@Journal of Phycology, 42(3), 618-624.@No$Ghosh, M., Bagchi, D., & Singh, S. P. (2008b).@Microcystin in laboratory and natural conditions.@Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 15(6), 509-516.@No$Chaturvedi, A., Sharma, N. K., & Rai, A. K. (2017).@Higher microcystin levels in natural samples.@Journal of Applied Phycology, 29(5), 2455-2465.@No$Singh, S. P., Asthana, R. K., & Rai, A. K. (2017).@Microcystin levels in natural scums and mats.@Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189(10), 511.@No <#LINE#>Antibacterial properties of the ripe endocarp of carica papaya (pawpaw) fruit on staphylococcus aureus<#LINE#>ORTESE, Raymond @Aondover <#LINE#>11-16<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2024-013.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Microbiology, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria<#LINE#>7/7/2024<#LINE#>13/9/2024<#LINE#>The broth tube dilution and agar disc diffusion test methods were used to assess antibacterial properties of the extracts of ripe Carica papaya fruit on Staphylococcus aureus. The results of the antibacterial tests show that the extracts were antibiotic on the bacteria. Inhibition zones were produced by the ethanol, methanol and ethanol-water extracts. The test results also indicate that ethanol and methanol extracts produced the MIC result of 0.013g/mL while ethanol -water showed the MIC of 0.025g/mL. However, the result of the T-test of scores shows no significant difference between the extracts (0.027<0.05). Therefore, consumption of ripe endocarp of C. papaya is recommended for its curative benefits against S. aureus.<#LINE#>World Health Organization. (2015).@Antibiotic resistance: multi-country public awareness survey.@World Health Organization.@Yes$Amaning Danquah, C., Minkah, P. A. B., Osei Duah Junior, I., Amankwah, K. B., & Somuah, S. O. (2022).@Antimicrobial compounds from microorganisms. Antibiotics 11, 285.@undefined@Yes$Ananya Mandal (2024).@What is Staphylococcus aureus ?.@https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Staphylo coccus-Aureus.aspx@No$Qiu Y., Xu D., Xia X., Zhang K., Aadil R. M., Batool Z. & Wang J. (2021).@Five major two components systems of Staphylococcus aureus for adaptation in diverse hostile environment.@Microbial Pathogenesis, 159, 105119.@Yes$Saha, T., Adhikari, M. D., & Tiwary, B. K. (Eds.). (2022).@Alternatives to Antibiotics: Recent Trends and Future Prospects.@Springer.@Yes$Mary Jane Brown (2022).@Antibiotics in Your Food. Should You be Concerned?@https://www.healthline.com Retrieved: 02/12/2022@No$Titanji, V. P., Zofou, D., & Ngemenya, M. N. (2008).@The antimalarial potential of medicinal plants used for the treatment of malaria in Cameroonian folk medicine.@African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines, 5(3), 302.@Yes$Kong, Y. R., Jong, Y. X., Balakrishnan, M., Bok, Z. K., Weng, J. K. K., Tay, K. C., ... & Khaw, K. Y. (2021).@Beneficial role of Carica papaya extracts and phytochemicals on oxidative stress and related diseases: A mini review.@Biology, 10(4), 287.@Yes$Koul, B., Pudhuvai, B., Sharma, C., Kumar, A., Sharma, V., Yadav, D., & Jin, J. O. (2022).@Carica papaya L.: a tropical fruit with benefits beyond the tropics.@Diversity, 14(8), 683.@Yes$Wiegand, I., Hilpert, K., & Hancock, R. E. (2008).@Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substances.@Nature protocols, 3(2), 163-175.@Yes$Sivapriya, M., Dinesha, R., Harsha, R., Gowda, S.S. and Srinivas, C. (2011).@Antibacterial Activity of Different Extracts of Sundaki (Solanum toruum) Fruit Coat.@International \Journal of Biochemistry, 5, 61-67@No$Tahera, J., Feroz, F., Senjuti, J. D., Das, K. K., & Noor, R. (2014).@Demonstration of anti-bacterial activity of commonly available fruit extracts in Dhaka, Bangladesh.@American Journal of Microbiological Research, 2(2), 68-73.@Yes$Mahfuzul Hoque, M. D., Bari, M. L., Inatsu, Y., Juneja, V. K., & Kawamoto, S. (2007).@Antibacterial activity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) extracts against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria.@Foodborne pathogens and disease, 4(4), 481-488.@Yes$Obadoni, B. O., & Ochuko, P. O. (2002).@Phytochemical studies and comparative efficacy of the crude extracts of some haemostatic plants in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria.@Global Journal of pure and applied sciences, 8(2), 203-208.@Yes$Edeoga, H.O., Okwo, D.E., and Mbaebie, B. (2005).@Phytochemical Constituents of Some Nigerian Medicinal Plants.@African. Journal of Biotechnology, 4, 685-688@Yes$Hudzicki, J. (2009).@Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test Protocol. American Society for Microbiology (ASM Microbe Library) Hudzicki, J. (2009). Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol.@American society for microbiology, 15(1), 1-23.@Yes$Rollins D.M and Joseph S.W (2000).@Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Broth Tube Method.@http://www.life.umd.edu/classroom/bsci424/LabMaterialsMethods/BrothTubeMIC.htm.@No$Emeruwa, A. C. (1982).@Antibacterial substance from Carica papaya fruit extract.@Journal of natural products, 45(2), 123-127.@Yes$Khan, J. A., Yadav, J., Srivastava, Y., & Pal, P. K. (2012).@In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial properties of Carica papaya.@International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 1(7), 933-945.@Yes$Dawkins, G., Hewitt, H., Wint, Y., Obiefuna, P. C., & Wint, B. (2003).@Antibacterial effects of Carica papaya fruit on common wound organisms.@The West Indian Medical Journal, 52(4), 290-292.@Yes$Anibijuwon, I. I., & Udeze, A. O. (2009).@Antimicrobial activity of Carica papaya (pawpaw leaf) on some pathogenic organisms of clinical origin from South-Western Nigeria.@Ethnobotanical leaflets, (7), 4.@Yes$Akujobi, C. N., Ofodeme, C. N., & Enweani, C. A. (2010).@Determination of antibacterial activity of Carica papaya (paw--paw) extracts.@Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 13(1), 55-57.@Yes$Velioglu, Y.S., Mazza, G. and Oomah D. (1998).@Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolics in Selected Fruits, Vegetables and Grain Products.@Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46: 4113-4117.@Yes$Maher, O., Mohamad, S., Mohamad, A., Ena, A., Maisa, A., Jatar, E. and Ismael O (2012).@Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Extracts of Some Plant Leaves.@Research Journal of Microbiology, 7, 59-67.@Yes$Moure, A., Cruz, J. M., Franco, D., Domı́nguez, J. M., Sineiro, J., Domı́nguez, H., ... & Parajó, J. C. (2001).@Natural antioxidants from residual sources.@Food chemistry, 72(2), 145-171.@Yes$Turkmen, N., Sarif, F., Veliogbo, T.S. (2006).@Effects of Extraction Solvent on Concentration and Antioxidant Activity of Black and Black Mats Tea Polyphenols Determined by Ferrous Tartrite and Forlin-Crocalten Methods@. Food Chemistry, 99, 835-841.@No$Bashira, V. and Tajul, A.Y. (2013).@Papaya- An innovative Raw Material for Food and Pharmaceutical Processing Industry.@Health and Environmental Journal, 4 (1): 68-75.@No$Milind, P., & Gurditta, G. (2011).@Basketful benefits of papaya.@International research journal of pharmacy, 2(7), 6-12.@Yes$Nayak, S.B., Pinto- Pereira, L. and Maharay, D. (2007).@Wound Healing Property of Carica papaya in Experimenting Induced Diabetic Rats.@Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 45 (8): 739-743.@Yes$Cushnie, T.P.T. and Lamb A.J (2005).@Antimicrobial Activity of Flavanoids.@International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 26(5), 343-356.@Yes$Ruela de Sousa, R. R., Queiroz, K. C. S., Souza, A. C. S., Gurgueira, S. A., Augusto, A. C., Miranda, M. A., ... & Aoyama, H. (2007).@Phosphoprotein levels, MAPK activities and NFκB expression are affected by fisetin.@Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, 22(4), 439-444.@Yes$Mandal, P., Sinha, B.S.P. and Mandal, N.C. (2005).@Antimicrobial Activity of Saponins from Acacia auriculiformis.@Fito Terapia, 76(5), 402-565@Yes$Munjanatta, B.K. (2006).@Antimicrobial Activity of Peterocarpus santalinus.@Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 68(1), 115-116.@No <#LINE#>Improving Production and Quality of Fermented Fishery Products through Starter Culture Technology<#LINE#>Su Su Mar @Lin,Myo @Myint,Ekachai @Chukeatirote <#LINE#>17-24<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2024-014.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Food Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand and Department of Biotechnology, Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar and Department of Advanced Science and Technology, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar@Department of Biotechnology, Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar@Department of Food Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Thailand<#LINE#>8/7/2024<#LINE#>20/10/2024<#LINE#>This study was aimed to improve production and quality of fermented fishes through starter culture technology. Total acidity, the pH and salt content in one sample of Plaa-som and two samples of Pla-ra were determined. Total acidity of three samples were 0.18%, 0.207% and 0.234%. pH were 8.34, 6.19 and 5.619 (w/w) respectively. Salt contents of these samples were 5.55%, 4.38% and 4.09% (w/w). Randomly picked 82 colonies on CaCO3 MRS agar plates from the samples were all confirmed to be lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as 44 colonies exhibited Gram-positive, catalase negative and sugar-fermentative characteristics. LAB counts from Pla-ra from Chiang Rai (Sample II) were 10 log CFU/g. According to microscopic morphology, 9.16% are cocci and 90.24% are rod in isolation of lactic acid bacteria from fermented fishes. Only 12 isolates were found to be clear zoned on Skim Milk Agar in screening of LAB for protease activity. These isolates showed antifungal activity against 6 strains of Colletotrichum species. Isolated bacteria 15 III, 133 and 24 III were the best strains for the antifungal activity. The enzyme activity of 24 III was 1.2 U ml-1 and the highest in all isolates. This strain was selected for preparation of fermented fishery products. During fermentation, pH dropped slightly to 4.1 and total acidity increased to 1.35% in sample 5. Salt content in the Plaa-som was found to be 1.753% (w/w). Maximum counts of LAB and TVC were 11.5 log CFU/g and 22.81 log CFU/g in sample 5, respectively.<#LINE#>Saisithi P (1987).@Traditional fermented fish products with special reference to Thai products.@Asean Food J., 3, 3-10.@Yes$TISI (2005).@Thai Community Products Standard 26 / 2546.@In Thai Community Product Standard. Thai Industrial Standards Institute, Kopermsub and Yunchalard 25 Ministry of Industry, Bangkok, Thailand.@No$Motarjemi, Y. (2002).@Impact of small scale fermentation technology on food safety in developing countries.@International Journal of Food Microbiology, 75(3), 213-229.@Yes$Barile, L. E., Milla, A. D., Reilley, A., & Villadsen, A. (1985).@A spoilage patterns of mackerel Rastrelliger faughni Matsui. 1. Delays in icing.@Spoilage of Tropical Fish and Product Development, 29-40.@Yes$Gram, L., & Huss, H. H. (1996).@Microbiological spoilage of fish and fish products.@International journal of food microbiology, 33(1), 121-137.@Yes$Beddows, C. G. (1998).@Fermented fish and fish products.@Microbiology of fermented foods, 416-440.@Yes$Nout, M. J. R., & Motarjemi, Y. (1997).@Assessment of fermentation as a household technology for improving food safety: a joint FAO/WHO workshop.@Food Control, 8(5-6), 221-226.@Yes$Horwitz, W., & Latimer, G. W. (2000).@Association of official analytical chemists.@Gaithersburg, MD, USA.@Yes$Sneath, P. H., Mair, N. S., Sharpe, M. E., & Holt, J. G. (1986).@Bergey@Volume 2 (pp. xxiii+-965).@Yes$Gordon, R. E., Haynes, W. C., & Pang, C. H. N. (1973).@The genus Bacillus. Agricultural handbook no. 427.@Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.@Yes$Maeda Y., Takenaga H., Aso S. and Yamanaka Y. (1993).@Utilization of heat-dried stipe of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus Sing.) for animal feed.@J. Japan. Soc. Grassl. Sci., 39(1), 22-27@Yes$Nagai T., Nishimura K., Suzuki H., Banba Y., Sasaki H., Kiuchi K. (1994).@Isolation and characterization of Bacillus subtilis strain producing natto with strong umami-taste and high viscosity.@Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi, 41, 123–128. 10.3136/nskkk1962.41.123@Yes$Sangjindavong, M., Chuapoehuk, P., Runglerdkriangkrai, J., Klaypradit, W., & Vareevanich, D. (2008).@Fermented fish product (pla-ra) from marine fish and preservation.@Kasetsart J.(Nat. Sci.), 42(1), 129-136.@Yes$Syafriana, V. (2019).@Characterization of protease crude extract from indigenous lactic acid bacteria and the protein degradation capacity in local tuber and cereal paste flour.@J. Kim. Terap. Indones., 21(1), 38-44.@Yes$Barrios-Roblero, C., Rosas-Quijano, R., Salvador-Figueroa, M., Gálvez-López, D., & Vázquez-Ovando, A. (2019).@Antifungal lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented beverages with activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.@Food bioscience, 29, 47-54.@Yes$Tanasupawat, S., & Komagata, K. (1995).@Lactic acid bacteria in fermented foods in Thailand.@World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 11, 253-256.@Yes$Punyauppa-Path, S., Kiatprasert, P., Punyauppa-Path, P., Rattanachaikunsopon, P., Khunnamwong, P., Limtong, S., & Srisuk, N. (2022).@Distribution of Kazachstania yeast in Thai traditional fermented fish (Plaa-Som) in northeastern Thailand.@Journal of Fungi, 8(10), 10-29.@Yes <#LINE#>Preliminary study of fish fauna of Loulali River, tributary of Louesse River (Kouilou-Niari basin), Lekoumou Departement (Congo Brazzaville)<#LINE#>Mady Goma Dirat @I.,Boukama @L.P.,Tsoumou @A.,Mikia @M.,Banga Mboko @H. <#LINE#>25-30<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2024-016.pdf<#LINE#>Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie et Ecologie Animales, Ecole Normale Supérieure, BP 69, Université Marien NGOUABI, Brazzaville, Congo and Faculté des Sciences Appliquées, Université DENIS SASSOU-N’GUESSO, udsn.cg Kintélé, Congo@Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie et Ecologie Animales, Ecole Normale Supérieure, BP 69, Université Marien NGOUABI, Brazzaville, Congo@Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie et Ecologie Animales, Ecole Normale Supérieure, BP 69, Université Marien NGOUABI, Brazzaville, Congo@Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie et Ecologie Animales, Ecole Normale Supérieure, BP 69, Université Marien NGOUABI, Brazzaville, Congo@Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie et de Foresterie, BP 69, Université Marien NGOUABI, Brazzaville, Congo<#LINE#>18/7/2024<#LINE#>17/9/2024<#LINE#>This study was carried out for the first time in the Loulali River, tributary of the Louesse (basin Kouilou-Niari) in the period from August 2014 and June 2016. 930 specimens of fish belonging to 32 species, 19 genera, 10 families and 5 orders were caught using cash nets. Cypriniformes have a high species richness with 12 species (38%), followed by Siluriformes and Perciformes (7 species, 22%). Enteromius holotaenia is the emblematic species of the environment with a relative specific abundance of 54%. The population of the Loulali River is diversified (H’= 2.78) and heterogeneous because the specific distribution is unbalanced (E = 0.56).<#LINE#>Paugy, D., Levêque, C., & Mouas, I. (2015).@Poissons d@IRD Editions.@Yes$Lévêque, C. (Ed.). (2006).@Les poissons des eaux continentales africaines: diversité, écologie, utilisation par l@IRD éditions.@Yes$Daget, J. (1961).@Poissons du Niari-Kouilou récoltés par MM. Ch. Roux, J. Ducroz et JP Troadec (Afrique noire–région Gabon-Congo).@Bull. Mus. natn. hist. nat. Paris, 2(33), 6.@Yes$Daget, J. (1963).@Poissons de la rive droite du Moyen-Congo.@Mission A. Stauch (février-avril 1961). Bulletin Institute Recherche scientifique Congo, 2, 41-48.@Yes$Teugels, G., Snoeks, J., De Vos, L., & Diakanou-Matongo, J. C. (2001).@Les poissons du bassin inférieur du Kouilou (Congo).@@Yes$Mamonekene, V., & Teugels, G. G. (1993).@Faune des poissons d@Musée royal de l@Yes$Mamonekene, V., & Stiassny, M. L. (2012).@Fishes of the Du Chaillu Massif, Niari Depression, and Mayombe Massif (Republic of Congo, west-central Africa): A list of species collected in tributaries of the upper Ogowe and middle and upper Kouilou-Niari River basins.@Check List, 8(6), 1172-1183.@Yes$Walsh, G., & Mamonekene, V. (2014).@A collection of fishes from tributaries of the lower Kouilou, Noumbi and smaller coastal basin systems, Republic of the Congo, Lower Guinea, west-central Africa.@Check List, 10(4), 900-912.Geelhand de Merxem, D., Musschoot, T., Boden, G., & Snoeks, J. L@Yes$Mbega, J. D., & Teugels, G. G. (2003).@Guide de détermination des poissons du bassin de l@SLACK Incorporated.@Yes$Stiassny, M. L., Teugels, G. G., & Hopkins, C. D. (2007).@Poissons d’eaux douces et saumâtres de basse Guinée.@ouest de l’Afrique centrale, vol. 2. Paris: IRD, MnHn, MRAC.@Yes$Daget J. (1979).@Les modèles mathématiques en écologie.@Ed. Masson (2ème tirage), pp 17- 21.@Yes$Teugels G. G. & Guegan J. F. (1994).@Diversité biologique des poissons d’eaux douces de la Basse Guinée et de l’Afrique Centrale.@In : Teugels G. G. et J. F. Guegan et J.J. Albaret (eds)Diversité biologique des poissons des eaux douces et saumâtres d’Afrique MRAC Tervuern, Belgique, Ann., Scs Zoo.,272 : 67-85.@Yes <#LINE#>Development and Characterization of Glycyrrhizin Loaded Herbal Lozenges for Mouth Ulcer Treatment<#LINE#>Carol P. @Macwan,Nandini P. @Upadhyay,Tejal G. @Soni,B.N. @Suhagia <#LINE#>31-36<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2024-020.pdf<#LINE#>Faculty of Pharmacy, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India@Faculty of Pharmacy, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India@Faculty of Pharmacy, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India@Faculty of Pharmacy, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>20/7/2024<#LINE#>25/8/2024<#LINE#>Abrus precatorius Linn. A member of the Fabaceae family, this plant has numerous benefits. The seeds, roots, and leaves are used medicinally. The roots and leaves include astringent, pleasant, emetic, diuretic, and anthelmintic properties. The oral gel dosage form is extensively used in the treatment of mouth ulcers, but it has numerous disadvantages, including blistering, burning, itching, and skin irritation, as well as the fact that it can be swallowed and dissolve in the mouth. To address the aforementioned issue, herbal lozenges were made from Abrus precatorius L. leaves. Microscopy (powder research), morphology, extraction (maceration method), acidic isolation, and thin-layer chromatography were employed to prepare glycyrrhizin acid extract. Then hard lozenges were made and evaluated using a variety of procedures, including average weight and weight fluctuation, friability, hardness testing, disintegration, and moisture content measurement. The leaves contained fibers, trichomes, and xylems. The powder properties of Abrus precatorius leaves revealed the presence of glycyrrhizin. Glycyrrhizin was extracted from a water extract of leaves and identified using chemical testing and Thin Layer Chromatography. Then, lozenges were made in five batches. The first three batches had been consolidated, therefore only the fourth and fifth batches were evaluated. According to observations and data, the fourth batch of lozenges outperformed batch-5 in all tests. So, batch-4 lozenges are preferable. So it is concluded that the lozenge composition can outperform other formulations.<#LINE#>Petrovska, B. B. (2012). Historical review of medicinal plants’ usage.@Pharmacognosy reviews, 6(11), 1.@undefined@Yes$Sofowora, A., Ogunbodede, E., & Onayade, A. (2013).@The role and place of medicinal plants in the strategies for disease prevention.@African journal of traditional, complementary and alternative medicines, 10(5), 210-229.@Yes$Garaniya, N., & Bapodra, A. (2014).@Ethno botanical and Phytophrmacological potential of Abrus precatorius L.: A review.@Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 4, S27-S34.@Yes$Scully, C., & Shotts, R. (2001).@Mouth ulcers and other causes of orofacial soreness and pain.@The Western journal of medicine, 174(6), 421.@Yes$Fitzpatrick, S. G., Cohen, D. M., & Clark, A. N. (2019).@Ulcerated lesions of the oral mucosa: clinical and histologic review.@Head and neck pathology, 13, 91-102.@Yes$Yadav RK. (2021).@A Review on Mouth Ulcer and Its Various Treatment.@J. Pharm Pharm Sci; 10(11), 28-40.@No$Volkov, I., Rudoy, I., Abu-Rabia, U., Masalha, T., & Masalha, R. (2005).@Case report: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis responds to vitamin B12 treatment.@Canadian Family Physician, 51(6), 844.@Yes$Mortazavi, H., Safi, Y., Baharvand, M., & Rahmani, S. (2016).@Diagnostic features of common oral ulcerative lesions: an updated decision tree.@International journal of dentistry, 2016(1), 7278925.@Yes$Légeret, C., & Furlano, R. (2021).@Oral ulcers in children-a clinical narrative overview.@Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 47, 1-9.@Yes$Preeti, L., Magesh, K. T., Rajkumar, K., & Karthik, R. (2011).@Recurrent aphthous stomatitis.@Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 15(3), 252-256.@Yes$Sadia Minhas, S. M., Aneequa Sajjad, A. S., Muhammad Kashif, M. K., Farooq Taj, F. T., Hamed Al-Waddani, H. A. W., & Zohaib Khurshid, Z. K. (2019).@Oral ulcers presentation in systemic diseases: an update.@@Yes$Pokale, A. D., Tilloo, D. S. K., & Bodhankar, D. M. (2019).@Medicated Chewable Lozenges: A Review.@International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 4, 32071-32076.@Yes$Lam, J. K., Cheung, C. C., Chow, M. Y., Harrop, E., Lapwood, S., Barclay, S. I., & Wong, I. C. (2020).@Transmucosal drug administration as an alternative route in palliative and end-of-life care during the COVID-19 pandemic.@Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 160, 234-243.@Yes$Chapter 14 (2020).@Lozenges, Troches and Films - The Art, Science, and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compounding. 6th Edition, Published: 17 November 2020, 1-58212-357-8@undefined@No$Rathod, M., Poharkar, S., Pandhre, Y., Muneshwar, M., & Sul, S. (2018).@Medicated lozenges as an easy to use dosage form.@World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 7(16), 305-322.@Yes$Kumar, P., Lone, J. F., & Gairola, S. (2022).@Comparative Macroscopic and Microscopic Characterization of Raw Herbal Drugs of Abrus precatorius L. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L.@Pharmacognosy Research, 14(1).@Yes$Zhang, Q. W., Lin, L. G., & Ye, W. C. (2018).@Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: A comprehensive review.@Chinese medicine, 13, 1-26.@Yes$Gori, A., Boucherle, B., Rey, A., Rome, M., Fuzzati, N., & Peuchmaur, M. (2021).@Development of an innovative maceration technique to optimize extraction and phase partition of natural products.@Fitoterapia, 148, 104798.@Yes$Santhosam, S. D., Selvam, P., & Danodia, A. (2023).@Isolation and characterization of three isolates of Abrus precatorius seeds by LC-MS, 1HNMR, and 13 CNMR.@International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 8(1), 404-420.@Yes$Jain, H. K., Swami, P. N., & Gujar, K. N. (2019).@Formulation and evaluation of an antimicrobial mucoadhesive dental gel of azadirachta indica and glycyrrhiza glabra.@Int J App Pharm, 11(2), 176-84.@Yes$Pravalika, L., & Kumar, S. Y. (2021).@Formulation and evaluation of theophylline lozenges.@Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 14(3), 1601-1606.@Yes$Pothu, R., & Yamsani, M. R. (2014).@Lozenges formulation and evaluation: A review.@Ijapr, 1, 290-294.@Yes <#LINE#>Utilization of Humulene for the Silkworm Cocoon and Silk yield<#LINE#>Mayuri Ramesh @Madgunki,Vitthalrao B. @Khyade <#LINE#>37-47<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2024-021.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Botany, Shri Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, Barshi Shivaji Nagar Barshi Tal-Barshi, Disrict-Solapur -413401, India@Sharadabai Pawar Mahila Arts, Commerce and Science College, Sharadanagar Tal. Baramati, District-Pune 413115, India<#LINE#>19/8/2024<#LINE#>23/9/2024<#LINE#>Humulene sesquiterpene compound with single ring and three units of isoprene. The present attempt was aimed to utilize humulene through acetone for applications (topical) on the second day to the fifth larval stage of double hybrid race of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L). The application humulene through acetone was resulted into yield of qualitative and quantitative silk cocoons and silk fibers. The entire cocoon weight (without floss), weight of shell of silk cocoon, weight of pupae. There was significant improvement in the silk shell percentage (mathematical operation of division of shell weight by the weight of whole cocoon. Resulted quotient multiplied by hundred)and scale of denier of silk through the utilization of spray of humulene solution to the fifth larval stage of double hybrid race of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L). The readings: 2.967** (±0.879); 0.843** (±0.137); 2.124 and 28.412*** respectively belong to weight of entire cocoon, weight of silk shell, weigh of pupae and the silk shell percentage (ratio of shell to the entire cocoon). The readings: 1489.63* (±229.53); 0.831** (±0.118) and 5.020*** respectively belong to silk fiber length (meter), silk fiber weight (gram) and the scale of denier. As a terpene compound, humulene exhibits probable activity analogous with natural Juvenile Hormone (JH) and may deserve applicable aspects of its utilization as efficient factor for growth of insects like silkworm. The schedule of spraying humulene through acetone should be introduced in the rearing of larval stages of silkworm for yield of qualitative and quantitative silk cocoons and silk fibers.<#LINE#>Biancardi, E. and Wagner, T. (1989).@llluppolo da birra in Italia.@Annali dell@No$McCallum, J. L., Nabuurs, M. H., Gallant, S. T., Kirby, C. W., & Mills, A. A. (2019).@Phytochemical characterization of wild hops (Humulus lupulus ssp. lupuloides) germplasm resources from the maritimes region of Canada.@Frontiers in plant science, 10, 1438.@Yes$Zanoli, P., & Zavatti, M. (2008).@Pharmacognostic and pharmacological profile of Humulus lupulus L.@Journal of ethnopharmacology, 116(3), 383-396.@Yes$Singh, T., & Mathur, A. (2024).@Humulus lupulus, Plant of Economic and Therapeutic Importance.@Current Applied Science And Technology, e0258585-e0258585.@Yes$Brattström, A. (2009).@Humulus Lupulus (hops), is there any evidence for central nervous effects related to sleep.@Acta Hort, 848, 173-178.@Yes$Tagasgira, M., Watanabe, M., & Uemitsu, N. (1995).@Antioxidative activity of hop bitter acids and their analogues.@Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 59(4), 740-742.@Yes$Yamamoto, K., Wang, J., Yamamoto, S., & Tobe, H. (2000).@Suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 gene transcription by humulon of beer hop extract studied with reference to glucocorticoid.@FEBS letters, 465(2-3), 103-106.@Yes$Liu, M., Hansen, P. E., Wang, G., Qiu, L., Dong, J., Yin, H., ... & Miao, J. (2015).@Pharmacological profile of xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus).@Molecules, 20(1), 754-779.@Yes$Lin, M., Xiang, D., Chen, X., & Huo, H. (2019).@Role of characteristic components of Humulus lupulus in promoting human health.@Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 67(30), 8291-8302.@Yes$Simpson, W. J., & Smith, A. R. W. (1992).@Factors affecting antibacterial activity of hop compounds and their derivatives.@Journal of Applied bacteriology, 72(4), 327-334.@Yes$Knez Hrnčič, M., Španinger, E., Košir, I. J., Knez, Ž., & Bren, U. (2019).@Hop compounds: Extraction techniques, chemical analyses, antioxidative, antimicrobial, and anticarcinogenic effects.@Nutrients, 11(2), 257.@Yes$Muzykiewicz, A., Nowak, A., Zielonka-Brzezicka, J., Florkowska, K., Duchnik, W. and Klimowicz, A. (2019).@Comparison of antioxidant activity of extracts of hop leaves harvested in different years.@Herba Polonica, 65(3), 1-9.@Yes$Carbone, K., & Gervasi, F. (2022).@An updated review of the genus Humulus: a valuable source of bioactive compounds for health and disease prevention.@Plants, 11(24), 3434.@Yes$Van Cleemput, M., Cattoor, K., De Bosscher, K., Haegeman, G., De Keukeleire, D., & Heyerick, A. (2009).@Hop (Humulus lupulus)-derived bitter acids as multipotent bioactive compounds.@Journal of natural products, 72(6), 1220-1230.@Yes$Miranda, C. L., Stevens, J. F., Helmrich, A., Henderson, M. C., Rodriguez, R. J., Yang, Y. H., ... & Buhler, D. R. (1999).@Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of prenylated flavonoids from hops (Humulus lupulus) in human cancer cell lines.@Food and Chemical Toxicology, 37(4), 271-285.@Yes$Shimamura, M., Hazato, T., Ashino, H., Yamamoto, Y., Iwasaki, E., Tobe, H., Yamamoto, K. and Yamamoto, S., (2001).@Inhibition of angiogenesis by humulone, a bitter acid from beer hop.@Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 289(1), 220-224.@Yes$Chen, W. J., & Lin, J. K. (2004).@Mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by hop bitter acids (beer aroma) through induction of apoptosis mediated by Fas and caspase cascades.@Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(1), 55-64.@Yes$Krofta, K., Hervert, J., Mikyška, A., & Dušek, M. (2019).@Hop beta acids-from cones to beer.@Acta Hortic, 1236, 15-22.@Yes$Tursun, E., Li, Z., & Aisa, H. A. (2021).@Isolation and identification of soft resins from Humulus lupulus L.@Industrial Crops and Products, 172, 114014.@Yes$Forino, M., Pace, S., Chianese, G., Santagostini, L., Werner, M., Weinigel, C., ... & Taglialatela-Scafati, O. (2016).@Humudifucol and bioactive prenylated polyphenols from hops (Humulus lupulus cv. “Cascade”).@Journal of Natural Products, 79(3), 590-597.@Yes$Lin, M., Xiang, D., Chen, X., & Huo, H. (2019).@Role of characteristic components of Humulus lupulus in promoting human health.@Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 67(30), 8291-8302.@Yes$Aldred, E.M., Buck, C. and Vall, K. (2009).@Terpenes. In: E.M. Aldred, C. Buck and K. Vall, eds. Pharmacology.@Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 167-174.@No$Passos, G. F., Fernandes, E. S., da Cunha, F. M., Ferreira, J., Pianowski, L. F., Campos, M. M., & Calixto, J. B. (2007).@Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of the essential oil and active compounds from Cordia verbenacea.@Journal of ethnopharmacology, 110(2), 323-333.@Yes$Fernandes, E. S., Passos, G. F., Medeiros, R., da Cunha, F. M., Ferreira, J., Campos, M. M., ... & Calixto, J. B. (2007).@Anti-inflammatory effects of compounds alpha-humulene and (−)-trans-caryophyllene isolated from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea.@European journal of pharmacology, 569(3), 228-236.@Yes$da Silva, R. C. S., Milet-Pinheiro, P., Bezerra da Silva, P. C., da Silva, A. G., da Silva, M. V., Navarro, D. M. D. A. F., & da Silva, N. H. (2015).@(E)-caryophyllene and α-humulene: Aedes aegypti oviposition deterrents elucidated by gas chromatography-electrophysiological assay of Commiphora leptophloeos leaf oil.@PLoS One, 10(12), e0144586.@Yes$Zaoral, M., & Slama, K. (1970).@Peptides with juvenile hormone activity.@Science, 170(3953), 92-93.@Yes$Williams, C. M. (1956).@The juvenile hormone of insects.@Nature, 178(4526), 212-213.@Yes$Slama, K. A. R. E. L. (1971).@Insect juvenile hormone analogues.@Annual review of biochemistry, 40(1), 1079-1102.@Yes$Gopakumar, B., Ambika, B., & Prabhu, V. K. K. (1977).@Juvenomimetic activity in some South Indian plants and the probable cause of this activity in Morus alba.@@Yes$Khyade, V. B., Patil, S. B., Khyade, S. V., & Bhawane, G. P. (2002).@Influence of acetone maceratives of Vitis vinifera on the larval parameters of silk worm, Bombyx mori (L).@Indian journal of comparative animal physiology, 20, 14-18.@Yes$Khyade, V. B. (2004).@Influence of juvenoids on silkworm, Bombyx Mori.@@Yes$Williams, C. M. (1956).@The juvenile hormone of insects.@@Yes$Zaoral, M., & Slama, K. (1970).@Peptides with juvenile hormone activity.@Science, 170(3953), 92-93.@Yes$Slama, K. A. R. E. L. (1971).@Insect juvenile hormone analogues.@Annual review of biochemistry, 40(1), 1079-1102.@Yes$Gopakumar B., Ambika, B. and Prabhu, V. K. K. (1977).@Juvenomimetic activity in some south Indian plants and their probable cause of this activity in Morus alba (L).@Entomon, 2, 259-261.@Yes$Khyade, V. B., Patil, S. B., Khyade, S. V., & Bhawane, G. P. (2003).@Influence of acetone macerative of Vitisvinifera on the economic parameters of silkworm Bombyx mori (L).@Indian journal of comparative animal physiology, 21(1), 28-32.@Yes$Mamatha, D. N., Nagalakshmma, K. and Rajeshwara Rao, M. (1999).@Impact of selected Juvenile Hormone Mimics on the organic constituents of silk worm, Bombyx mori (L).@@Yes$Martin, D. M., Gershenzon, J., & Bohlmann, J. (2003).@Induction of volatile terpene biosynthesis and diurnal emission by methyl jasmonate in foliage of Norway spruce.@Plant physiology, 132(3), 1586-1599.@Yes$Pichersky, E., Noel, J. P., & Dudareva, N. (2006).@Biosynthesis of plant volatiles: nature@Science, 311(5762), 808-811.@Yes$Vitthalrao B. Khyade and Karel Slama (2015).@Screening of acetone solution of FME and Selected Monoterpene Compounds for Juvenile Hormone Activity Through Changes in pattern of Chitin Deposition in the Integument of Fifth instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L) (PM x CSR2).@IJBRITISH, 2(3), 68-90.@Yes$Belal, A., Elballal, M. S., Al-Karmalawy, A. A., Hassan, A. H., Roh, E. J., Ghoneim, M. M., ... & Elanany, M. A. (2024).@Exploring the sedative properties of natural molecules from hop cones (Humulus lupulus) as promising natural anxiolytics through GABA receptors and the human serotonin transporter.@Frontiers in Chemistry, 12, 1425485.@Yes$Krishnaswami, S., Narasimhana, M. N., Suryanarayana, S. K. and Kumaraj, S. (1978).@Sericulture Manual –ll: Silk worm rearing.@F A O, United Nation’s Rome: 131.@No$Khyade, V. B., Ghate, D. P., & Sarwade, J. P. (2006).@Effect of methoprene on silk worm, Bombyx mori (L).@Journal of Zoological Society of India: Environment and Development, 49-60.@Yes$Khyade, V. B., Machale, S. S., Sarwade, J. P., Patil, S. B., & Deshpande, S. H. (2006).@Screening of plant extractives for juvenoid activity in silk worm, Bombyx mori (L).@Journal of Zoological Society of India: Environment and Development, 61-77.@Yes$Khyade, V. B., Patil, P. M., Jaybhay, K. R., Gaikwad, R. G., Mhamane, G. V., Khyade, V. V., ... & Jagtap, S. G. (2007).@Effect of digoxin on economic parameters of silk worm, Bombyx mori (L).@Journal of Zoological Society of India: Bioinformatics, 23-31.@Yes$Bailey, N. T. (1955).@Some problems in the statistical analysis of epidemic data.@Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 35-68.@Yes$Khyade, V. B., & Eigen, M. (2018).@Key role of statistics for the fortification of concepts in agricultural studies.@International Academic Journal of Innovative Research, 5(3), 32-46.@Yes$Khyade, V. B., & Altman, S. (2018).@Use of Herbal Terpenoid for topical application to fifth instars of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L).@In Abstract book: International Conference On Doubling the Farmers Income through Innovative Approaches, 9-11.@Yes$Shinde, M. R. R., Dongare, S. K., & Khyade, V. B. (2018). Qualitative Silk Cocoons in Silkworm, Bombyx Mori (L) Through the Topical Application of Acetone Macerative of Powder of Ganoderma Fruiting Body and Acetone Solution of Its Triterpenoid (Lucidone–D).@undefined@undefined@Yes$Nalwade, M. M., Pondkule, K. A., & Khyade, V. B. (2018).@The reflection of feeding the mulberry leaves treated with water solution of seed powder of Syzigium cumini (L) into Profiles of Protein (total) in the fifth instar larvae of silk worm, Bombyx mori (L) Race-bivoltine, crossbreed: [(CSR6 x CSR26)] x [CSR2 x CSR27)].@@Yes$Kakade, S. R., Lonkar, P. R., & Khyade, V. B. (2018).@Influence of Aqueous Solution of Agaricus bisporus (L) Treated Mulberry Leaves on the Quality of cocoons and silk filament in silkworm, Bombyx mori (L).@International Journal of Scientific Studies, 3(5), 39-51.@Yes