@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Extraction and characterization of fish visceral protease from carangoides malabaricus and its potential application in detergent and pharmaceutical industries<#LINE#>S. Akhil @Kumar,M. @Muthulakshmi,Manju, A. @Palavesam <#LINE#>1-7<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-014.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Animal Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India@Department of Animal Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India@Department of Animal Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India<#LINE#>8/3/2020<#LINE#>16/8/2020<#LINE#>Fish viscera have innumerable potential applications being the rich source of digestive enzymes, especially proteases. In order to assess the bio prospecting of fish processing wastes as natural wealth to obtain value added bioactive compounds, the visceral wastes of Carangoides malabaricus were characterized. This study involves the characterization of crude visceral protease extract from C. malabaricus and its potential application as a destainer. The optimum activity and stability of the crude visceral protease was observed at pH 9.0 and 50°C. This alkaline proteolytic crude extract was then tested for its potential application as destainer and it showed better stain removing efficiency. Characterization studies revealed that metal ions like Calcium chloride, surfactants like Tween 20 and SDS, inhibitors like PMSF influenced the activity and stability of the crude Visceral Protease. The present study also inferred that, crude visceral protease enzyme from C. malabaricus along with shrimp shell hydrolysate displayed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity (58.11%), Reducing activity (1.89mg/ml) and Chelating ability (73.6%). As a whole, this study confirmed possible application of Visceral Protease from C. malabaricus in detergent and pharmaceutical industries.<#LINE#>Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India (2011).@Annual Report of Department of Animal Husbandry.@Dairying and Fisheries.@No$Nurdiyana, H., & M.K., Siti Mazlina (2009).@Optimization of Protein Extraction from Fish Waste using Response Surface Methodology.@Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(17), 3121-3125.@Yes$FAO (2012).@Report of waste management of fish and fish products.@Fisheries and aquaculture department, Rome.@No$Fuchise, T., Kishimura, H., Sekizaki, H., Nonami, Y., Kanno, G., Klomklao, S., Benjakul, S. & Chun, B. (2009).@Purification and characteristics of trypsin from cold -zone fish, pacific cod (Gadus macrosephalus) and saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis).@Food Chemistry, 116, 611-616.@Yes$Castillo-Yanez, F.J., Pacheco-Aguilar, R., Garcia-Carreno, F.L., & Navarrete-del Toro, M.A., (2004).@Characterization of acidic proteolytic enzymes from monterey sardine (sardinops sagax caerulea) viscera.@Food Chemistry, 85, 343-350.@Yes$Siala Rayda., Fakher Frikha., Samiha Mhamdi., Moncef Nasri., & Alya Sellami Kamoun (2012).@Optimization of Acid Protease Production by Aspergillus niger I1 on Shrimp Peptone Using Statistical Experimental Design.@The scientific world journal.@Yes$Takami, H., Akiba, T., & Horikoshi, K., (1989).@Production of extremely thermostable alkaline protease from Bacillus sp. No. AH 10.@Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 30, 120-124.@Yes$Alexander, S.C Chong., Roshada Hashim., Lee Chow-Yang and Ahyaudin B., Ali. (2011).@Partial characterization and activities of proteases from the digestive tract of discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciata).@Aquaculture., 203, 321-333.@Yes$Sabtecha, B., Jayapriya, J., & Tamilselvi, A., (2014).@Extraction and characterization of proteolytic enzymes from fish visceral waste: Potential applications as destainer and dehairing agent.@International Journal of Chem Tech Research, 6(10), 4504-4510.@Yes$Younes, I., Sellimi, S., Rinaudo, M., Jellouli, K., & Nasri M., (2014).@Influence of acetylation degree and molecular weight of homogeneous chitosans on antibacterial and antifungal activities.@International Journal of Food Microbiology, 4, 29.@Yes$Lassoued Imen., Leticia Mora., Ahmed Barkia., M-Concepción Aristoy., Moncef Nasri., & Fidel Toldra (2015).@Bioactive peptides identified in thornback ray skin@Journal of proteomics., 128, 8-7.@Yes$Ktari Naourez., Ines Jemil., Mourad Jridi., Rim Nasri., Rabeb Ben., Slama-Ben Salem., Mohamed Mehiri., Mohamed Hajji., & Moncef Nasri (2014).@Functional, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of protein hydrolysates prepared from fish meat fermented by Bacillus subtilis A26.@Process Biochemistry, 49(6), 963-972.@Yes$Torrissen,  O. J., & Christiansen, R., (1995).@Requirements for carotenoids in fish diets.@Journal of applied ichthyology, 11(3-4), 225-230.@Yes$Bezerra, R. S., Santos, J. F., Paiva, P. M., Correia, M. T., Coelho, L. C., Vieira, V. L., & Carvalho JR, L. B. (2001).@Partial purification and characterization of a thermostable trypsin from pyloric caeca of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum).@Journal of Food Biochemistry, 25(3), 199-210.@Yes$El-Adawy, T.A., El-Beltagy, A.E., Rahma, E.H., & El-Bedawey, A.A., (2004).@Purification and characterization of an acidic protease from the viscera of bolti fish (Tilapia nilotica).@Food Chemistry, 86, 33-39.@Yes$Bkhairia Intidhar., Hayet BenKhaled., Naourez Ktari., Nabil Miled., Moncef Nasri., & Sofiane Ghorbel. (2016).@Biochemical and molecular characterisation of a new alkaline trypsin from Liza aurata: Structural features explaining thermal stability.@Food Chemistry, 196, 1346-1354.@Yes$J. Jayapriya., Sabtecha, B., & Tamilselvi, A., (2014).@Extraction and characterization of proteolytic enzymes from fish visceral waste: Potential applications as destainer and dehairing agent.@International Journal of Chem Tech Research, 6(10), 4504-4510.@Yes$Sivasubramanian, S., Murali Manohar, B., Rajaram, A., & Puvanakrishna R., (2008).@Ecofriendly lime and sulfide free enzymatic dehairing of skins and hides using a bacterial alkaline protease.@Chemosphere, 70, 1015-1020.@Yes$Jeevitha, K., Mohana, PK. & Khora, SS., (2014).@Antioxidant activity of fish protein Hydrolysates from Sardinella longiceps.@International journal of drug development and research, 6(4).@Yes
<#LINE#>Isolation, purification and characterization of tyrosinase from Allium sativum<#LINE#>Satish @L.,Nikhil @M.,Sandeep @L.,Sarina P. @Khabade <#LINE#>8-15<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-062.pdf<#LINE#>Department of PG studies in Biotechnology, Government Science College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India@Department of PG studies in Biotechnology, Government Science College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India@Department of PG studies in Biotechnology, Government Science College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India@Department of PG studies in Biotechnology, Government Science College (Autonomous), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India<#LINE#>15/10/2020<#LINE#>4/12/2020<#LINE#>Alzheimer\'s and Parkinson\'s are neurological disorders. Alzheimer\'s is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that destroys memory with important mental functions. Parkinson\'s affects the central nervous system, it impairs movement, often including tremors for which there is no cure. Currently dopamine, a neurotransmitter is used in the treatment of these disorders. Tyrosinase (E.C 1.14.18.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes L- Tyrosine into L- DOPA  a precursor for the synthesis of dopamine. Tyrosinase is present in sources like fungi, plants, animals. Very few work on tyrosinase has been reported in plants. In our present investigation tyrosinase was isolated and purified from Allium sativum (Garlic ) and enzyme activity was carried out using UV - visible spectroscopy and the enzymatic activity was found to be 180 U/ ml. The kinetic parameters were studied and the optimum temperature was found to be 30ºC and the optimum pH was found to be pH 7. Saturation with increasing substrate concentration was found to be at 1200 U/ml. The enzyme was subjected to a series of purification steps that includes ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. The maximum purification fold of the enzyme was found to be 97.58. SDS - PAGE was performed to determine the molecular weight and was reported to be 98 KDa. Hence through this research work, we have tried to identify a novel source of tyrosinase in Allium sativum.<#LINE#>Kanteev, M., Goldfeder, M., & Fishman, A. (2015). Structure-function correlations in tyrosinases. Protein Science, 24(9), 1360-1369.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Kumar CM, Sathisha UV, Dharmesh S, Rao AG, Singh SA (2011). Interaction of sesamol (3,4-methylenedioxy phenol) with tyrosinase and its effect on melanin synthesis. Biochimie, 93(3), 562-9.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Xu, J. J., Fang, X., Li, C. Y., Yang, L., & Chen, X. Y. (2020). General and specialized tyrosine metabolism pathways in plants. A Biotech, 1(2), 97-105.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Mitchell, R. A., Herrmann, N., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2011). The role of dopamine in symptoms and treatment of apathy in Alzheimer@undefined@undefined@Yes$Bonuccelli, U., & Pavese, N. (2006). Dopamine agonists in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 6(1), 81-89. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.6.1.81@undefined@undefined@Yes$Armando, I., Villar, V. A. M., & Jose, P. A. (2011). Dopamine and Renal Function and Blood Pressure Regulation. Comprehensive Physiology 1(3), 1075-1117. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c100032@undefined@undefined@Yes$Martorana, A., Stefani, A., Palmieri, M. G., Esposito, Z., Bernardi, G., Sancesario, G., & Pierantozzi, M. (2008). l-dopa modulates motor cortex excitability in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Journal of Neural Transmission, 115(9), 1313-1319.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Dorszewska, J., Prendecki, M., Lianeri, M., & Kozubski, W. (2014). Molecular Effects of L-dopa Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease. Current Genomics, 15(1), 11-17.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Zolghadri, S., Bahrami, A., Hassan Khan, M. T., Munoz-Munoz, J., Garcia-Molina, F., Garcia-Canovas, F., & Saboury, A. A. (2019). A comprehensive review on tyrosinase inhibitors. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 34(1), 279-309.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Selvarajan, E., Veena, R., & Kumar, N. M. (2018). Polyphenol oxidase, beyond enzyme browning. In Microbial bioprospecting for sustainable development (pp. 203-222). Springer, Singapore.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Selinheimo, E., Lampila, P., Mattinen, M.-L., & Buchert, J. (2008). Formation of Protein&#8722;Oligosaccharide Conjugates by Laccase and Tyrosinase. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(9), 3118-3128.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Lantto, R., Plathin, P., Niemistö, M., Buchert, J., & Autio, K. (2006). Effects of transglutaminase, tyrosinase, and freeze-dried apple pomace powder on gel-forming and structure of pork meat. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 39(10), 1117-1124.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Selinheimo, E., Autio, K., Kruus, K., & Buchert, J. (2007). Elucidating the Mechanism of Laccase and Tyrosinase in Wheat Bread Making. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(15), 6357-6365.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Svitel, J. (1998). Development of Tyrosinase-Based Biosensor and Its Application for Monitoring of Bioremediation of Phenol and Phenolic Compounds. Environmental Science & Technology, 32(6), 828-832.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL and Randall RJ (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. Nov; 193(1), 265-275.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Duckworth, H. W., & Coleman, J. E. (1970). Physicochemical and kinetic properties of mushroom tyrosinase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 245(7), 1613-1625.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Stoscheck, C. M. (1990). Quantitation of protein [6]. Guide to Protein Purification, 50-68.@undefined@undefined@No$Ikram-ul-Haq, Ali, S., & Qadeer, M. A. (2002). Biosynthesis of L-DOPA by Aspergillusoryzae. Bioresource Technology, 85(1), 25-29.@undefined@undefined@Yes
<#LINE#>Influence of fish pond effluent on the microbiological characteristics of soil and growth of maize crop<#LINE#>Onuorah @Samuel,Ibe-Gabriel @Ifeoma,Odibo @Frederick <#LINE#>16-23<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-070.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria@Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria@Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria<#LINE#>30/11/2020<#LINE#>15/2/2021<#LINE#>Fish pond effluent is discharged untreated into the soil thereby producing objectionable odour and flies infestations. However, the effluent has been known to contain organic and inorganic nutrients and microorganisms which may promote crops growth and productivity, therefore this work studied the influence of the untreated fish pond effluent on the microbiological characteristics of soil and growth of maize crop. The microbial counts of the effluent and soil samples and growth characteristics of the maize crop were obtained using standard analytical methods. The microbial counts of the effluent-receiving soil were higher than those of the effluent samples and unpolluted soil. Bacillus subtilis (18.2%), Escherichia coli (20.5%), Serratia marcescens (13.6%), Pseudomonas fluorescens (15.9%), Lactobacillus plantarum (17.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.8%), Penicillium expansum (45.4%), Aspergillus niger (36.4%) and Aspergillus flavus  (18.2%) were isolated from the effluent-receiving soil while the unpolluted soil had Staphylococcus epidermidis (28.3%), E. coli (19.6%), B. subtilis (17.4%), P. fluorescens (10.9%), Micrococcus luteus (8.7%), L. plantarum (6.5%), Kl. pneumoniae (4.3%), S. marcescens (4.3%), P. expansum (40.0%), Aspergillus niger (20.0%) and Aspergillus flavus  (40.0%). The maize crop grown on the effluent-receiving soil had better growth characteristics than those planted on the unpolluted soil. This study indicated that the untreated fish pond effluent had positive effect on the soil microbial populations and enhanced the growth of maize crop, therefore, its use in agriculture to enhance soil fertility and crop growth is advocated.<#LINE#>Naylor  R.L; Goldberg, R.G; Primavera, J.H; Kautsky, N; Beveridge, M.C.M; Clay, J; Folke, C; Lubchenco, J; Mooney, H. and Troell, M. (2000). Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature, 405,1017-1024. DOI: 10.1038/36016500.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Meso, M.B; Wood, C.W; Karanja, N.K; Veverica, K.L; Woomer, P.L. and Kinyali, S.M. (2004). Effects of fish pond effluents irrigation on French beans in Central Kenya. Commun. Soil Sc. Plan; 35(7-8), 1021-1031. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120030578@undefined@undefined@Yes$Cheesbrough Monica (2006). District laboratory practice in tropical countries. Part 2, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press. Pp 395- 412. ISBN-10.0521676312.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Eze, V.C. and Ogbaran, I.O. (2010). Microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of fish pond water in Ughelli, Delta State, Nigeria. Int. J. Curr; Res. 8,082 -087.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Njoku, O.E; Agwa, O.K. and Ibiene, A.A. (2015). An investigation of the microbiological and physicochemical profile of some fish pond water within the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Afr. J. Food Sci; 9(3), 155-162. DOI 10.5897/AJF.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Kathleen, M.M; Samuel, L; Felecia, C; Reagan, E.L; Kasing, A; Lesley, M. and Toh, S.C. (2016). Antibiotic resistance of diverse bacteria from aquaculture in Borneo, Hindawi. Int. J. Microbiol. 61, 1-9. DOI: 10.1155/2016/2164761.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Oni, T.A; Olaeye, V.F. and Omafuvbe, B.O. (2013). Preliminary studies on associated bacterial and fungal load of artificially cultured Clarias gariepinus Burchell 1822 Fingerlings. Ife J. Sci; 15(1), 9-15.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Douglas, S.I. and Isor, F.N. (2015). Bacteriological investigation of pond water quality from Ogoniland, Nigeria. IOSR J. Environ. Sci. Toxicol. Food Technol; 9(2), 36-41.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Obire, O. and Anyanwu, E.C. (2009). Impact of various concentrations of crude oil on fungal populations of soil. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech; 6(2), 211-218. DOI: 10.1007/BF03327624@undefined@undefined@Yes$Iqbal, Z. and Saleemi, S. (2013). Isolation of pathogenic fungi from a fresh water commercial fish, Catla catla (Hamliton). Sci. Int. (Lahore); 25(4), 851-855.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Osaigbovo, A.U. and Orhue, E.R. (2006). Influence of pharmaceutical effluent on some soil chemical parameters and early growth of maize (Zeamays L). Afri. J. Biotechnol; 5(18), 1612-1617. DOI: 10.4314ajb.v5i18.55 808.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Hashem, A; Tabassum, B. and Abd-Allah, E.F. (2019). Bacillus subtilis: a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium that impacts biotic stress. Saudi J. Biol. Sci; 26(6), 1291-1297. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.05.004.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Chandra, S.N; Rehman, A. and Chauhan, P.S. (2010). Environmental Escherichia coli occur as natural plant growth-promoting soil bacterium. Arch. Microbiol; 192(3), 185-193. DOI. 10.1007/s00203 - 010 - 0544 - 1.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Duarah, I. Deka, M; Saikia, N. and Deka-Boruah, H.P. (2011). Phosphate solubilizers enhance NPK fertilizer use efficiency in rice and legume cultivation. Biotech; 1(4), 227 - 238. DOI. 10.1007/s13205 - 011 - 0028 - 2.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Kai, M; Effmert, U; Berg, G. and Piechalla, B. (2007). Volatiles of bacteria antagonists inhibit mycelia growth of the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Arch. Microbiol; 187(5), 351-360. DOI. 10.1007/s00203-006-0199-0.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Chen, Y.P; Rekha, P.D; Arun, A.B; Shen, F.T., Lai, W.A. and Young, C.C. (2006). Phosphate solubilizing bacteria from subtropical soil and their tricalcium phosphate solubilizing activities. App. Soil Ecol; 34(1), 33-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.12.002.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Khaiden, A.D., Pandey, P. and Sharma, G.D. (2016). Plant growth promoting endophyte Serratia marcescens AL2-16 enhances the growth of Achyranthes aspara L; a medicinal plant. Hayati J. Biosciences. 23(4), 173-180. DOI: 1016/j.hjb.2016.12.006.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Radhapriya, P; Ramachandran, A; Anandham, R. and Mahalingam, S. (2015). Pseudomonas aeruginosa RRALC3 enhances the biomass, nutrient and carbon contents of Pongamia pinnata seedlings in degraded forest soil. PLOS ONE. 10(10), e0139881. DOI: 10.137/journal.pone.0139881.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Raza, F.A. and Faisal, M. (2013). Growth promotion of maize by desiccation tolerant Micrococcus luteus - Chp 37 isolated from Cholistan desert. Pakistan. Aust. J. Crop Sci; 7(11), 1693-1698.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Lamont, J.R; Wilkins, O; Bywater - Ekegard, M. and Smith, D.L. (2017). From yoghurt to yield: potential applications of lactic acid bacteria in plant production. Soil Biol. Biochem; 111, 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/ j.soilbio. 2017.03.015.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Ji, S.H; Gururani, M.A. and Chun, S. C. (2014). Isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting endophytic diazotrophic bacteria from Korean rice cultivars. Microbiol. Res; 169(1), 83-98. DOI:10.1016/ j.micres.2013.06.003.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Sachdev, D.P; Chaudhari, H.G; Kasture, V. M.; Dhavale, D.D. and Chopade, B.A. (2009). Isolation and characterization of indole acetic acid (IAA) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and their effect on plant growth. Indian J. Exp. Biol; 47(12), 993-1000.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Singh, R.P; Jha, P. and Jha, P. (2017). Bioinoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Enterobacter cloacae ZNP -3 increased resistance against salt and temperature stresses in wheat plant (Triticum aestivum L.). J. Plant growth Regul; 36(4), 783-798. DOI:10.1007/s00344-017-9683-9.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Radhakrishnan, R; Kang, S; Baek, I. and Lee, I. (2014). Characterization of plant growth promoting traits of Penicillium species against the effects of high soil salinity and root disease. J. Plant Interact; 9(1), 754-762. DOI:10.1080 /17429145.2014.930524.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Nasim, G; Mushatq, S and Khokbar, I. (2012). Effect of Penicillium extracts on germination vigor in subsequent seedling growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Arch. Phytopathology Plant Protect; 65(1), 71-77. DOI: 10.1080/03235408.2011.603965.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Jin, N; Liu, S., Peng, H; Huang, W; Kong, L; Wu, Y; Chen, U; Ge, F; Jian, H. and Peng, D. (2019). Isolation and characterization of Aspergillus niger NBCOOI underlying suppression against Heterodera glycines. Sci. Rep; 9(1), 591. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37827-6.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Hamayun, I.M; Hussain, A; Khan, S.A; Iqbal, A. and Lee, I. (2019). Aspergillus flavus promoted the growth of soybean and sunflower seedlings at elevated temperature. Hindawi Biomed Res. Int; 1-14. https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2019/1295457.@undefined@undefined@Yes
<#LINE#>Antioxidant properties of sorghum ratoon (Sorghum Bicolor) of local Bima Indonesia<#LINE#>Fitrahtunnisa@.,Ermin @Widjaja,Ulyatu @Fitrotin <#LINE#>24-29<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-075.pdf<#LINE#>The Assessment Institutes for Agricultural Technology of West Nusa Tenggara, Jl. Raya Peninjauan Narmada, Mataram West Lombok, Indonesia@@The Assessment Institutes for Agricultural Technology of West Nusa Tenggara, Jl. Raya Peninjauan Narmada, Mataram West Lombok, Indonesia<#LINE#>24/12/2020<#LINE#>5/3/2021<#LINE#>Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and chemical composition were studied in three local Bima-Indonesian sorghums, including onenon-pigmented (Gando Bura) and two pigmented pericarp varieties (Gando Keta and Latu Kala). The antioxidant activities were evaluated by the DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA) method and the folin ciocalteu reagent was used to determine the total phenolic content. The results showed that pigmented varieties have DPPH RSA, phenolic content, tannin, vitamin E and protein higher than non-pigmented variety. Gando Keta has DPPH RSA 91.59% higher than Latu Kala (80.63%) and Gando Bura (42.13%). In the second harvesting (first ratoon), the DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity of Gando Keta decreased (14.35%), Latu Kala (52.6%) and Gando Bura (52.49%). The total phenolic content of Gando Keta decreased 20.42%, Latu Kala (9.58%) and Gando Bura (41.19%). Thus, this study informs that Gando Keta has the best antioxidant properties compared to other varieties among local Bima-Indonesian sorghum.<#LINE#>Kinanti P.S.K, B.S Amanto and W. Atmaka (2014). Kajian Karakteristik Fisik dan Kimia Tepung Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L) Varietas Mandau Termodifikasi Yang Dihasilkan Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi dan Lama Perendaman Asam Laktat. Jurnal Teknosains Pangan, 3(1), 135-144.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Manzelli, M., Stefano, B. and Vincenzo, V. (2005). Agricultural Biodiversity In Northwest Somalia - An Assessment among Selected Somali Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Germplasm. Biodiversity and Conservation, 14, 3381-3392.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Durga, K.V., Sheela D. N. and Nair, C. (2017). In Vitro Determination of Anti-Cancer, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Diabetic Potential among Selected Species of Spilanthes Jacq. Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 6(6), 26-29.@undefined@undefined@No$Fitrotin, U., Utami, T. Hastuti, P. and Santoso, U. (2015). Antioxidant Properties of Fermented Sesame Milk using Lactobacillus plantarum Dad 13. Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 4(6), 50-55.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Wu, G., Stuart, K.J., Janet F., Bornman, B., Sarita, J. B. and Zhongxiang, F. (2017). Changes in Whole Grain Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity of Six Sorghum Genotypes under Different Irrigation Treatments. Food Chemistry, 214, 199-207 (2017).@undefined@undefined@Yes$Awika, J. M. and Rooney, L. W. (2004). Sorghum Phytochemicals and Their Potential Impact On Human Health. Phytochemistry, 65, 1199-1221.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Rao, S., Abishek, B., Santhakumara, B., Kenneth, A., Chinkwoa, B., Gangcheng, W., Stuart, K. J. and Christopher, L. B. (2018). Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Sorghum Grains. J. Cereal Sciences, 84, 103-111.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Beana, R.L., Baumhardt, F.T. McCollum and McCuistiona (2013). Comparison of Sorghum Classes for Grain and Forage Yield and Forage Nutritive Value, 142, 20-26.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Wahyunia, Y., Miyamotob, Hartatia, T., Widjayantie, Windiastria, N.V. Sulistyowatia, Rachmata, A., Ragamustarib, S.K. and Tobimatsub, Y. K. (2019). Variation in Lignocellulose Characteristics of 30 Indonesian Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Accessions. Industrial Crops and product, 142, 1-10.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Nandang, S and Nana, S. (2013). Petunjuk Teknis Usaha Tani Sorghum. BPTP Jawa Barat.@undefined@undefined@No$Feregrino-Pérez, A. A., Berumen, L. C., García-Alcocer, G., Guevara-Gonzalez, R. G., Ramos-Gomez, M., Reynoso-Camacho, R. and Loarca-Pina, G. (2008). Composition And Chemopreventive Effect of Polysaccharides from Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Cancer. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(18), 8737-8744.@undefined@undefined@Yes$AOAC (2005). Association of Official Analytical Chemists Official Methods Association of Official Analytical Chemists Maryland: AOAC International 17.@undefined@undefined@No$AOCS (2009). Rapid Determination of Oil/Fat Utilizing High Temperature Solvent Extraction. Method Am 5-04. Official methods and recommended practices of the American oilchemists@undefined@undefined@No$Wang, J., Yuan, X., Jin, Z., Tian, Y. and Song, H. (2007). Free Radical and Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Activities of Peanut Skin Extract. 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@Research Article
<#LINE#>Biodegrading and Bio deteriorating monuments of Ujjain: a comparison of the current status to Simhasth 2016 of Ujjain, MP, India<#LINE#>Vanshree @Pandya,Sudhir Kumar @Jain <#LINE#>30-35<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-067.pdf<#LINE#>School of Studies in Microbiology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India@School of Studies in Microbiology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India<#LINE#>4/11/2020<#LINE#>28/2/2021<#LINE#>The conditions of monuments affected by biodegradation and biodeterioration before and after Simhasth 2016 Ujjain M.P. India were monitored. Maintenance activities carried out on the ancient monuments of Ujjain including Temples for 2016 Simhasth were analyzed. In this study we compared the present condition of these monuments to before Simhasth 2016 of the same. We made comparisons of these monuments by photographs of then and now by using grid counts. The visible biodegraded and biodeteriorated mean area was decreased less than 2% since the time before Simhasth (Chi-Square p<0.004). This improvement was mostly because of eradication of scaled and biofilm areas. This manuscript is an effort to promote comprehensive restoration plans. Also regularly maintaining, conserving and restoring the monuments of ecological importance. In future, this can also serve as new tool for scientific quantification and analysis of stone damage.<#LINE#>De Miguel, J. G., Sanchez-Castillo, L., Ortega-Calvo, J. J., Gil, J. A., & Saiz-Jimenez, C. (1995). Deterioration of building materials from the Great Jaguar Pyramid at Tikal, Guatemala. Building and environment, 30(4), 591-598.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Pope G., Meierding T. and Paradise T. (2002).@Geomorphology@Geomorphology, 47(2-4), 211-225.@Yes$Gaylarde CC and Gaylarde PM (2002).@Biodeterioration of Historic Buildings in Latin America.@Abstract Retrieved from 9th DBMC International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components, 171, 1-9.@Yes$Saiz-Jimenez C. (1997).@Biodeterioration vs biodegradation: the role of microorganisms in the removal of pollutants deposited on historic buildings.@International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 40 (2-4), 225-232.@No$Twain M. (1869).@The Innocents Abroad.@First edition. American Publishing Company, New York, 685.@Yes$El-Gohary M. (2012).@The Contrivance of New Mud Bricks for Restoring and preserving the Edfa Ancient Granary - Sohag, Egypt.@International Journal of Conservation Science, 3(2), 67-78.@No$Hemeda S. (2012).@Ground Penetrating Radar Investigations for Architectural Heritage Preservation of the Habib Sakakini Palace, Cairo, Egypt.@International Journal of Conservation Science, 3(3), 153-162.@No$Ranalli G. and Zanardini E. (2003).@Rapid biodeteriogen and biocide diagnosis on artwork: A bioluminescent low-light imaging technique.@Annals of Microbiology, 53(1), 1-14.@No$Fitzner, B., Heinrichs, K. and La Bouchardeire D. (2002).@Damage index for stone monuments.@5th International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin, Seville, 315-326.@No$Warscheid, T. and Braams J. (2000).@Biodeterioration of stone: A review.@International Biodeterioration Biodegradation, 46, 343-368.@Yes$Urzi, C., F. De Leo, S. De How and K. Sterflinger. (2000).@Recent advances in the molecular biology and ecophysiology of meristematic stoneinhabiting fungi. The role of microbial communities in the degradation and protection of cultural heritage.@Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publisher, New York. pp. 3-21.@Yes$Dukes W.H. (1972).@Conservation of Stone: Chemical Treatments.@The Architects@Yes$Alamy Stock Photos (2016). www.alamy.com@undefined@undefined@Yes$Vallet J.M., Gosselin C., Bromblet P., Rolland O., Vergès-Belmin V. and Kloppmann W. (2006).@Origin of salts in stone monument degradation using sulphur and oxygen isotopes: First results of the Bourges cathedral (France).@Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 88(1-3), 358-362.@Yes$Urzì C. and Krumbein W. E. (1994).@Microbiological impacts on the cultural heritage. Durability and change: the science, responsibility, and cost of sustaining cultural heritage.@Wiley, J.& Sons. 107-135.@Yes$Monge-Najera J. and Morera-Brenes B. (2014).@Biodeterioration and biodegradation of Roman monuments: a comparison of the current Status of 18th century paintings by the canalettos.@International journal of Conservation science, 5 (1), 3-8.@Yes$Sanjay Prasad G. and Kavita S. (2012).@Biodeterioration and preservation of sita devi Temple, deorbija, chhattisgarh, India.@International journal of Conservation science, 2(2), 89-94.@Yes$Fitzner B., Heinrichs K. and La Bouchardiere D. (2002).@Damage index for Stone monuments. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin, Sevilla, Spain, 5-8, pp. 315-326.@undefined@Yes$Griffin PS, Indicator N and Koestler RJ (1991).@The biodeterioration of stone: A Review of deterioration mechanisms, conservation case histories and treatment.@International Biodeterioration, 28(1-4), 187-207.@Yes$Gaylarde Christine C. (2020).@Influence of environment on Microbial Colonization of Historic Stone Buildings with Emphasis on Cyanobacteria.@Heritage, 3(4), 1469-1482.@Yes$Sakr A., Ali M.F., Ghaly M.F., El-Sayed M. and Abdel-Haliem F. (2012).@Discoloration of Ancient Egyptian Mural Paintings by Streptomyces Strains and Methods of its Removal.@International Journal of Conservation Science, 3(4), 249-258.@Yes$Dutta, B.K., Rahman, I., and Das, T.K. (1998).@Antifungal activity of Indian plant extracts.@Mycoses, 41(11-12), 535-6.@Yes
@Short Communication
<#LINE#>The first record of Rhagoderma tricolor Roewer, 1941 (Solifugae: Rhagodidae) from North Gujarat, India<#LINE#>B.M. @Parmar <#LINE#>36-40<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2020-057.pdf<#LINE#>Central Laboratory, Dudheswar waterworks, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>26/9/2020<#LINE#>29/4/2021<#LINE#>Present study reports Rhagoderma tricolor Roewer, 1941(Solifugae: Rhagodidae) recorded first time for the North Gujarat. A detailed morphological description, diagnosis, body measurements, ecology and geographical distribution of the species are provided. Distribution of genus Rhagoderma in South Asia is documented.<#LINE#>Harvey, M. S. (2003). Catalogue of the smaller arachnid orders of the world: Amblypygi, Uropygi, Schizomida, Palpigradi, Ricinulei and Solifugae. Csiro Publishing. Catalogue of the Smaller Arachnid Orders of the World. Collingwood, Victoria, Australia. 385 pp.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Parmar B. M. (2020). The first record of Galeodes indicus pocock, 1900 (Solifugae: Galeodidae) from Gujarat, India. Life sciences leaflets, 127, 46-51.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Parmar, B. M. (2020). First record of genus Rhagodes, pocock, 1897 (Solifugae: Rhagodidae) from Gujarat, India. Life sciences leaflets, 130, 1-7.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Pocock, R.I. (1895). On the species of Galeodidae inhabiting India and Ceylon. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 9, 438-452.@undefined@undefined@No$Pocock, R. I., Baker, E. S., Oates, E. W., Bingham, C. T., Talbot, G., Southwell, T., ... & Distant, W. L. (1912). The Fauna of British India: Including Ceylon and Burma. 6, Taylor & Francis.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Roewer, C.F. (1933). Solifugae, Palpigradi. In@undefined@undefined@No$Roewer, C.F. (1941). Solifugen 1934-1940. Veroffentl. Deutschen Kolonial- und Übersee- Mus., Bremen, 3, 97-192.@undefined@undefined@No$Koc, H. (2008). A new genus and species record from Turkey: Rhagoderma tricolor Roewer, 1941 (Solifugae: Rhagodidae). Turk J Arach., 1(2), 137-140.@undefined@undefined@No$Savary, W. (2006). Solpugid: A source of information on the arachnid order Solifugae. Online: http://www.solpugid.com/Rhagodidae.htm2006.@undefined@undefined@No