@Research Paper
<#LINE#>Screening Lactic Acid Bacteria from locally fermented products for probiotic potential<#LINE#>Judy P. @Sendaydiego,Astrid L. @Sinco,Kahlil R. @Kahlil R. Abejuela,Ric Louis @Hinacay,Nel Kina @Jumawid <#LINE#>1-9<#LINE#>1.ISCA-IRJBS-2022-007.pdf<#LINE#>Biology Department, Xavier University, Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines@Biology Department, Xavier University, Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines@Biology Department, Xavier University, Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines@Biology Department, Xavier University, Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines@Biology Department, Xavier University, Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines<#LINE#>2/4/2022<#LINE#>8/9/2022<#LINE#>Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented coconut sap and sugar cane were characterized and screened for probiotic potential. A total of 5 species of LAB from these local products were identified and characterized. These are Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus collinoides, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus pentosus. Six prototypes of probiotic cocktails were formulated with varying combinations. These prototypes were assayed for acid tolerance, bile resistance and antibacterial activity. All probiotic cocktails were acid tolerant with pH ranging from 2 to 4. Growth of LAB at pH 2 was significantly slower than those at pH 3 and 4 (p<0.001). LAB in all the cocktails were bile resistant but growth was significantly reduced (p<0.001). Test for antimicrobial potential revealed that two probiotic cocktails composed of L. collinoides, L. plantarum, and L. fermentum inhibited all the test bacteria (p=0.00). Overall, cocktails composed of L. collinoides, L. fermentum and L. plantarum were acid tolerant, bile resistant and exhibited inhibitory potential against the test bacteria.  These cocktails can be further assayed to confirm their probiotic potential.<#LINE#>Holzapfel, W. & B.J.B. Wood. (2014).@Lactic Acid Bacteria: Biodiversity and Taxonomy.@John Wiley & Sons, p. 52. ISBN: 978-1-444-33383-1@Yes$Schrezenmeir, J. & M. de Vrese (2001).@Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics: Approaching a definition.@American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 73(2), 361s-364s.@Yes$Parmjit, S. (2011).@Fermented dairy products: starter cultures and potential nutritional benefits.@Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2, 47-51.@Yes$Lule, V.K.; Garg, S.; Tomar, S.K.; Khedkar, C.D. and Nalage, D.N. (2015).@Food Intolerance: Lactose Intolerance.@In Encyclopedia of Food and Health; Caballero, B., Finglas, P.M., Toldrá, F., Eds.; Academic Press: Oxford, UK, pp. 43–48.@No$Champagne C.P. & Y. Raymond (2008).@Viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus R0011 in an apple-based fruit juice under simulated storage at the consumer level.@Journal of Food Science, 73(5), M221-M226.@Yes$Ruiz-Moyano, S., Martín, A., Benito, M. J., Nevado, F. P., & de Guía Córdoba, M. (2008).@Screening of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria for potential probiotic use in Iberian dry fermented sausages.@Meat Science, 80(3), 715-721.@Yes$Sheehan, V. M., Sleator, R. D., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Hill, C. (2006).@Heterologous expression of BetL, a betaine uptake system, enhances the stress tolerance of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118.@Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72(3), 2170-2177.@Yes$Parracho, H., McCartney, A. L., & Gibson, G. R. (2007).@Probiotics and prebiotics in infant nutrition.@Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 66(3), 405-411.@Yes$Bergey, D. H. (1994).@Bergey@Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.@Yes$Mnif, I., Mnif, S., Sahnoun, R., Maktouf, S., Ayedi, Y., Ellouze-Chaabouni, S., & Ghribi, D. (2015).@Biodegradation of diesel oil by a novel microbial consortium: comparison between co-inoculation with biosurfactant-producing strain and exogenously added biosurfactants.@Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(19), 14852-14861.@Yes$Khan, S.U. (2014).@Probiotics in dairy foods: a review.@Nutrition & Food Science, 4(1), 71-88.@Yes$Sharma, V., & Mishra, H. N. (2013).@Fermentation of vegetable juice mixture by probiotic lactic acid bacteria.@Nutra foods, 12(1), 17-22.@Yes$Wasilewska, E., Złotkowska, D., & Pijagin, M. E. (2013).@The role of intestinal microflora and probiotic bacteria in prophylactic and development of colorectal cancer.@Advances in Hygiene and Experimental Medicine, 67, 837-847.@Yes$Njoki, W. J., Boga, H. I., Kutima, P. M., Maina, M. J., & Kadere, T. T. (2015).@Probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from coconut (Cocos nucifera) Wine (Mnazi) in Kenya.@International Journal of Life Sciences Research, 3(1), 113-120.@Yes$Waddington, L., Cyr, T., Hefford, M., Hansen, L. T., & Kalmokoff, M. (2010).@Understanding the acid tolerance response of bifidobacteria.@Journal of Applied Microbiology, 108(4), 1408-1420.@Yes$Corcoran, B. M., Stanton, C., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Ross, R. (2005).@Survival of probiotic lactobacilli in acidic environments is enhanced in the presence of metabolizable sugars.@Applied and environmental microbiology, 71(6), 3060-3067.@Yes$Pfeiler, E. A., & Klaenhammer, T. R. (2009).@Role of transporter proteins in bile tolerance of Lactobacillus acidophilus.@Applied and environmental microbiology, 75(18), 6013-6016.@Yes$Bustos, A. Y., Raya, R., de Valdez, G. F., & Taranto, M. P. (2011).@Efflux of bile acids in Lactobacillus reuteriis mediated by ATP.@Biotechnology letters, 33(11), 2265-2269.@Yes$Kumar, M., Nagpal, R., Kumar, R., Hemalatha, R., Verma, V., Kumar, A., ... & Yadav, H. (2012).@Cholesterol-lowering probiotics as potential biotherapeutics for metabolic diseases.@Experimental diabetes research, 2012.@Yes$García-Ruiz, A., de Llano, D. G., Esteban-Fernández, A., Requena, T., Bartolomé, B., & Moreno-Arribas, M. V. (2014).@Assessment of probiotic properties in lactic acid bacteria isolated from wine.@Food microbiology, 44, 220-225.@Yes$Abbas, M. M., & Mahasneh, A. M. (2014).@Isolation of Lactobacillus strains with probiotic potential from camel’s milk.@African Journal of Microbiology Research, 8(15), 1645-1655.@Yes$Parada, J. L., Caron, C. R., Medeiros, A. B. P., &Soccol, C. R. (2007).@Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria: purification, properties and use as biopreservatives.@Brazilian archives of Biology and Technology, 50(3), 512-542.@Yes$Riaz, S., Nawaz, S. K., & Hasnain, S. (2010).@Bacteriocins produced by L. fermentum and L. acidophilus can inhibit cephalosporin resistant E. coli.@Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 41(3), 643-648.@Yes$Zendo, T. (2013).@Screening and characterization of novel bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria.@Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 77(5), 893-899.@Yes$Prasad, J., Gill, H., Smart, J., & Gopal, P. K. (1998).@Selection and characterisation of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains for use as probiotics.@International Dairy Journal, 8(12), 993-1002.@Yes$Yang, E., Fan, L., Jiang, Y., Doucette, C., & Fillmore, S. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from cheeses and yogurts. Amb Express, 2(1), 1-12.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Adeniyi, B. A., Adetoye, A., & Ayeni, F. A. (2015).@Antibacterial activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from cow faeces against potential enteric pathogens.@African health sciences, 15(3), 888-895.@Yes
<#LINE#>The concentration of heavy metals in the sediments of the river nun estuary, around Akassa, Niger Delta, Nigeria<#LINE#>Gijo @A.H. ,Alagoa @K.J <#LINE#>10-15<#LINE#>2.ISCA-IRJBS-2022-010.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Biological Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria@Department of Biological Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria<#LINE#>23/4/2022<#LINE#>12/10/2022<#LINE#>Levels of the heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) were analyzed in the sediments of the River Nun estuary. This was done in order gauge the impact of anthropogenic inputs such as pesticides, fertilizers, oil spillage and other industrial and anthropogenic wastes disposal, especially at the coastal parts of the region on bottom sediments. Three sampling Stations were chosen for the purpose of this research. Station 1 (Buo-Ama Creek) was established close to the entrance of Buo-Ama creek, in the Nun River estuary. Station 2 (Erewei-Kongho) was established along one of the tributaries of the Nun River estuary around Erewei-Kongho. Station 3 was established in Ogbokiri. Soil samples were collected with the aid of a soil auger and a galvanized metal core cylinder from three (3) sampling stations along a transect running from the low intertidal level (LIL), through the mid intertidal level (MIL) to the high intertidal level (HIL). Soil samples were analysed in the laboratory using the method of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Means and standard deviations were calculated for all the measured parameters. A one-way ANOVA was employed at the 95% confidence limit to test for differences across stations in the heavy metals. Turkey HSD post HOC test was also employed to separate means and identify where variability and similarities exist. This was aided by the SPSS 20.0 statistical tool kit. The result shows that Pb has the highest concentration, followed by Zn, Ni, Cd, and Mn respectively. The lowest values of all metals were observed at station 2, while the highest concentrations of metals were recorded at sampling stations 1. The results show that the value of Pb was highest in station 1(1.347±0.001), followed by Station 3 (1.24±0.001). Station 2 had the least mean value of Pb (0.884±0.001). Cd showed similar patterns across the three sampling stations 1, 2 and 3, with the values 0.068±0.002, 0.046±0.001, and 0.054±0.002 respectively. Ni also presented slight difference across the three sampling stations. Concentration of Zn were higher in station 1 and 2 (1.265±0.002 and 1.038±0.002), than in station 3 (0.725±0.001). All metal concentration was however lower than the international permissible limit. The concentrations of Mn were also observed to present a similar pattern across the sampling stations. There is a significant difference (P<0.05) in all heavy metal parameters across all stations.  Heavy Metal Concentrations were found to decrease with increasing distance from the river mouth, suggesting that anthropogenic inputs, related to agricultural and domestic discharge into the river, are the major sources of heavy metals in the river sediments. Land based activities therefore have a profound effect on aquatic ecosystem stability and health.<#LINE#>Banerjee U. and Gupta S. (2012).@Source and distribution of lead, cadmium, iron and manganese in the river Damodar near Asansol Industrial Area, West Bengal, India.@International Journal of Environmental Science, 2(3), 1531-1542.@Yes$Barakat A., El Baghdadi M., Rais J. and Nadem S. (2012),@Assessment of heavy metal in surface sediments of Day River at Beni-Mellal region, Morocco.@Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 4(8), 797-806.@Yes$Chiodi Boudet, L. N., Escalante, A. H., Von Haeften, G., Moreno, V., & Gerpe, M. S. (2011).@Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in two aquatic macrophytes: A field study.@Journal of the Brazilian Society of Ecotoxicology, 6(1), 57-64.@Yes$Naseri, M., Vazirzadeh, A., Kazemi, R. & Zaheri, F. (2015).@Concentration of some heavy metals in rice types available in Shiraz market and human health risk assessment.@Food Chem. 175, 243—248.@Yes$Ji, Y., Wu, P., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Zhou, Y., Peng, Y., ... & Gao, G. (2018).@Heavy metal accumulation, risk assessment and integrated biomarker responses of local vegetables: A case study along the Le@Chemosphere, 199, 361-371.@Yes$Gijo, A. H., Hart, A. I., & Seiyaboh, E. I. (2017).@The impact of makeshift oil refineries on the physico-chemistry of the sediments of the nun river estuary, Niger Delta, Nigeria.@Sky Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management, 6(1), 019-025.@Yes$KuntalShah, D., & Reddy, M. N. (2014).@Accumulation of Heavy Metals by Some Aquatic Macrophytes in Estuarine Zone of River Tapi, Surat, Gujarat, India.@International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(4), 1.@Yes$World Health Organization. (2003).@Zinc in drinking-water. Background document for preparation of WHO Guidelines for drinking-water quality.@World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.@Yes$RSMENR (2002).@Rivers State Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources.@Interim guidelines and Standards on environmental pollution control and management. Pp. 39-45@No$World Health Organization (2006).@Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality: First Addendum to Volume 1, Recomendations.@World Health Organization.@Yes$Council, E. U. (1998).@Council directive 98/83 about water quality intended for human consumption.@Official Journal of the European Communities L, 330, 32-54.@Yes$NSDWQ, U. (2007).@Nigerian standard for drinking water quality.@Nigerian Industrial Standard, NIS, 554, 13-14.@Yes$FEPA, A. (1991).@Guidelines and standards for environmental pollution control in Nigeria.@Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), Lagos, Nigeria.@Yes$EC (2005).@Commission regulation (EC) No. 78/2005 of 19 January 2005 amending regulation (EC) No. 466/2001 as regards heavy metals.@Official J. Eur. Union, 43-45.@No$UNEP (1985).@Determination of Total Hg in marine sediments and suspended solids by cold vapour AAS.@Reference methods for marine pollution studies. Vol. 26. pp. 1-28@No$Nicolaidou, A., & Nott, J. A. (1989).@Heavy metal pollution induced by a ferro-nickel smelting plant in Greece.@Science of the total environment, 84, 113-117.@Yes$Obokoro, O. J. (2017).@Heavy metals in the sediments of Apparanbie Creek, Niger Delta Nigeria.@Research project. Pp. 31-38.@No$Iwegbue, C. M. A., Nwajei, G. E., & Arimoro, F. O. (2007).@Assessment of contamination by heavy metals in sediments of Ase River, Niger Delta, Nigeria.@Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1(5), 220-228.@Yes$Ideriah T. J. K., David-Omiema S., and Ogbonna D. N., (2012).@Distribution of Heavy Metals in Water and Sediment along Abonnema Shoreline, Nigeria.@Resources and Environment, 2(1), 33-40@Yes$Turekian K.K. and Wedepohl K.H. (1961).@Distribution of the elements in some major units of the Earth@Geological Society of America Bulletin, 72, 175-192.@Yes
<#LINE#>Urease Inhibitory activity of fractions from Harungana madagascariensis fruit Lam. Ex Poir.(Hyperiaceae)<#LINE#>Onyinye Blessing @Okonkwo,Ozadheoghene Eriarie @Afieroho,Kio Anthony @Abo <#LINE#>16-20<#LINE#>3.ISCA-IRJBS-2022-020.pdf<#LINE#>Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu Unuversity, Igbariam Campus  and Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt. Port Harcourt, Nigeria@Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt. Port Harcourt, Nigeria  and Nuclei for Phytomedicines and Chemical Ecology, Central Research Laboratory for Phytomedicines, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt. Port Harcourt, Nigeria@Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt. Port Harcourt, Nigeria<#LINE#>13/10/2022<#LINE#>18/2/2023<#LINE#>Harungana madagascariensis is used in ethnomedicine to treat stomach diseases, bacterial infections some of which are due to ureolytic pathogens, and anemia among others. This study is a urease inhibition activity guided fractionation of the crude ethanol extract of the fruits of Harungana madagascariensis. The fruit of H. madagascariensis was extracted with 70% aqueous ethanol by cold maceration. The crude aqueous ethanol extract (CEE) was defatted with n-hexane and further partitioned with ethyl acetate to give n-hexane portion (HSF), ethyl acetate portion (ESF) and aqueous portion (ASF). Fractionation of most active ESF was done using chromatographic techniques and it yielded four fractions EA1 –EA4. The modified Berthelot’s colorimetric method was used for the in vitro urease inhibition assay. Standard phytochemical methods were used for phytochemical screening. The trend of percentage (%) inhibition for the crude extract and its partitioned fractions was: CEE(35.03±0.05)>ESF(33.29±0.00)>ASF(17.10±0.06)>HSF(12.97±0.06) at 2.00 mg/ml while the trend of activity for the chromatography fractions from the most active ESF at 2.00 mg/ml was observed thus; EA3(60.74±0.00) > EA4 (26.69± 0.06)>EA2(16.79±0.06)>EA1(14.16±0.06). The most active chromatography fraction EA3 had an IC50 of 1.0 mg/ml. phytochemical investigation of EA3 revealed the presence of anthraquinones and phenolics. This supports the use in ethnomedicine practice, of H. madagascariensis to treat various stomach and urinary diseases and also a potential lead source of urease inhibitors for sustainable agronomy.<#LINE#>Sachs G. and Scott D.R. (2012).@Helicobacter  pylori:  Eradication  or  Preservation.@F1000  Medicine.  Reports, 4(7), 1-5.@Yes$Marshall B.J., and Warren J.R. (1984).@Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration.@The Lancet, 323(8390), 131 1-1315.@Yes$Clemens D.L., Lee B.Y., and Horwitz M.A. (1995).@Purification, characterization, and genetic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis urease, a potentially critical determinant of host-pathogen interaction.@Journal of  Bacteriology, 177, 5644 –5652@Yes$Lin, W., Mathys, V., Ang, E. L. Y., Koh, V. H. Q., Martínez Gómez, J. M., Ang, M. L. T., ... & Alonso, S. (2012).@Urease activity represents an alternative pathway for Mycobacterium tuberculosis nitrogen metabolism.@Infection and immunity, 80(8), 2771-2779.@Yes$Cameron, K. C., Di, H. J., & Moir, J. L. (2013).@Nitrogen losses from the soil/plant system: a review.@Annals of applied biology, 162(2), 145-173.@Yes$Artola, E., Cruchaga, S., Ariz, I., Moran, J. F., Garnica, M., Houdusse, F., ... & Aparicio-Tejo, P. M. (2011).@Effect of N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide on urea metabolism and the assimilation of ammonium by Triticum aestivum L.@Plant growth regulation, 63, 73-79.@Yes$Rice MJ, Legg M, and Powell KA. (1998).@Natural production in agriculture- a view from the industry.@Pesticide Science, 52(2), 184-188@Yes$Matsubara S, Shibata H, Ishikawa F, Yokokura T, Takahashi M, Sugimura T, and Wakabayashi K. (2003).@Suppression  of  Helicobacter  pylori-induced  gastritis  by  green  tea  extract  in  Mongolian gerbils.@Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 310(3), 715–719.@Yes$Paulo, L., Oleastro, M., Gallardo, E., Queiroz, J. A., & Domingues, F. (2011).@Anti-Helicobacter pylori and urease inhibitory activities of resveratrol and red wine.@Food Research International, 44(4), 964-969.@Yes$Shabana, S., Kawai, A., Kai, K., Akiyama, K., & Hayashi, H. (2010).@Inhibitory activity against urease of quercetin glycosides isolated from Allium cepa and Psidium guajava.@Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 74(4), 878-880.@Yes$Ashibuogwu AI, Afieroho OE, Suleiman M, and Abo KA. (2022).@Anti-urease and antioxidant activities of the leaf extracts from Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (Rutaceae).@GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 11(01), 156-164@Yes$Olebunne BO, Afieroho OE, Suleiman M, and Abo KA. (2022).@Evaluation of urease inhibitory and free radical scavenging activities of Microsorum pustulatum (G. Frost) copel leaves (Polypodiaceae). International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive, 4(1), 025-032@undefined@Yes$Moulari B, Pellequer Y, Lboutounne H, Girard C, Chaumont JP, Millet J and Muyard F. (2006).@Isolation and in vitro antibacterial activity of astilbin, the bioactive flavanone from the leaves of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. ex Poir. (Hypericaceae).@Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 106, 272–278.@Yes$Kengni F., Tala D.S., Djimeli M.N., Fodouop S.P.C., Kodjio N., Magnifouet H.N., and Gatsing D. (2013).@In vitro antimicrobial activity of Harungana madagascriensis and Euphorbia prostrata extracts against some pathogenic Salmonella sp.@International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 7(3), 1106-1118.@Yes$Mba, J., Weyepe, F. C., Mokale, A. L., Tchamgoue, A. D., Tchokouaha, L. R., Nole, T., ... & Agbor, G. A. (2017).@Antidiarrhoeal, antibacterial and toxicological evaluation of Harungana madagascariensis.@Sch. Acad. J. Biosci, 5, 230-239.@Yes$Weatherburn, M. W. (1967).@Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia.@Analytical chemistry,  39(8), 971-974.@Yes$Harbone, J. P. (1973).@Phytochemical methods, a guide to modern technique of plant analysis.@London: Chapmann and hall, 1-271.@Yes$Houghton, P. J., Raman, A., Houghton, P. J., & Raman, A. (1998).@Analysis of crude extracts, fractions and isolated compounds.@Laboratory handbook for the fractionation of natural extracts, 113-138.@Yes$Afieroho O.E., Ajuzie J.I., and Afieroho M.C. (2019).@Proximate composition and evaluation of some antioxidant properties of the fresh fruits of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. Ex Poir. (Hypericaceae).@Research Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 4(6), 97-102.@Yes$Ismail T, Akhtar S, Sestili P, Riaz M, Ismail A, and Labbe R. (2016).@Antioxidant, antimicrobial and urease inhibitory activities of phenolics-rich pomegranate peel hydroalcoholic extracts.@Journal of Food Biochemistry, 40(4), 550-558.@Yes$Hřibová P., Khazneh E., Žemlička M., Švajdlenka E., Ghoneim M.M., Elokely K.M., and Ross S.A. (2014).@Antiurease activity of plants growing in the Czech Republic.@Natural Product Research, 28(12), 868-73.@Yes$Shafiq N., Noreen S., Rafiq N., Ali B., Parveen S., Mahmood A., Sajid A., Akhtar N., and Bilal M. (2020).@Isolation of bioactive compounds from Rumex hastatus  extract and their biological evaluation and docking study as potential anti-oxidant and anti-urease agents.@Journal of Food Biochemistry,  44(8), e13320@Yes$Okonkwo O.B., Afieroho O.E., Bimba J.S., Eliya T.T., Osuji A.U. and Abo K.A. (2022).@A triterpene ketone from an anti-mycobacterial tuberculosis chromatography eluate from the n-hexane fraction of the fruits of Harungana madagascariensis Lam. Ex Poiret (Hypericaceae).@GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18(02), 259–267.@Yes
<#LINE#>Nutritional and antinutritional compositions of leaves of some edible medicinal plants in Rivers State, Nigeria<#LINE#>Ajuru @M.G.,Wilson @V. <#LINE#>21-27<#LINE#>4.ISCA-IRJBS-2022-023.pdf<#LINE#>Dept. of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworuokwo, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria@Dept. of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworuokwo, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria<#LINE#>1/11/2022<#LINE#>9/4/2023<#LINE#>Vegetables are important part of the Nigerian diet and they meet the dietary and medicinal requirement of the Nigerian populace. This studywas conducted to investigate the phytochemical and proximate constituents of leaves extract of four edible medicinal plants in Rivers State using standard procedures. The four medicinal plants investigated include Xanthosoma mafaffa scott, Chysophyllum albidum G. Don, Annona muricata L. and Lagenaria breviflora. The phytochemical analysis gave the following values: tannin (0.08, 0.05, 0.25 and 1.00 mg/kg), phenol (0.93, 0.23, 1.24 and 3.10mg/kg), terpenoid (1.36, 3.01, 5.05 and 3.10%), alkaloid (3.25, 0.23, 0.67 and 1.80 mg/kg), flavonoid (1.87, 6.47, 4.04 and 13.00 mg/kg) and saponin (2.69, 12.63, 2.24 and 12.00%) respectively. The proximate result showed the content (%) of moisture as (83.35, 56.22, 60.57 and 51.84%), Ash (0.63, 3.66, 3.42 and 1.40%), fat (0.31, 3.82, 1.02 and 19.63%), Crude protein (2.04, 6.73, 5.22 and 3.90%), carbohydrate (11.99, 19.59, 14.03 and 13.99%) and Crude fibre (8.34, 9.97, 15.74 and 9.24%). The result showed that these plants could be used in diets to improve human health and pharmaceutical industries.<#LINE#>Bown, D. (2000).@Aroids: plants of the Arum family.@Timber Press, pp. 46.@Yes$Montaldo, A. (1991).@Cultivo de raíces y tubérculos tropicales.@IICA, 2da Edición. San José, Costa Rica, pp. 407.@Yes$Mayo, S.J; Bogner, J. and Boyce, P.C. (1997).@The genera of Araceae.@London, Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, pp. 54.@No$Bermejo, J. E. H., & León, J. (Eds.). (1994).@Neglected crops: 1492 from a different perspective.@Vol. 26. Food & Agriculture Org..@Yes$Goldsworthy, P. R., & Fisher, N. M. (1984).@The physiology of tropical field crops (No. BOOK).@John Wiley & Sons.@Yes$López, M.; Vásquez, E.; López, F. (1995). Raíces y tubérculos. Pueblo y Educación, Universidad Central de        Las Villas, Cuba, pp. 312.@undefined@undefined@No$Adebayo, A.H.; Abolaji, A.O.; Opata, T.K. and Adegbenro I.K. (2010).@Effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Commiphora africana (Burseraceae) on lipid profile in rats.@Int. J. Pharmacol., 5, 213-223@No$Amusa N.A., Ashaye O.A. and Oladapo M.O. (2003).@Biodeterioration of the African star apple (Chrysophyllum  albidum) in storage and the effect on its food value.@Afr. J. Biotechnol., 4, 43-60@Yes$Ashour, M.; Wink, M.; Gershenzon, J. (2010).@Biochemistry of Terpenoids: Monoterpenes, Sesquiterpenes and Diterpenes.@Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolism,  258–303@Yes$Okwu, D.E. and Omodamiro, O.D. (2005).@Effects of hexane extract and phytochemical content of Xylopia aethiopica and Ocimum gratissimum on the uterus of Guinea pig.@Bio-Research., 3, 40–44.@Yes$Okoli,, F.W. and El-Shemy, H.A. (2017).@Annona muricata: Is the natural therapy to most disease conditions including cancer growing in our backyard? A systematic review of its research history and future prospects.@Asian Pac J. trop. Med., 10(9), 835-848.@Yes$Moghadamtousi, S.Z.;  Fadaeinasab, M.;  Nikzad, S.;  Mohan, G.;  Ali, H.M. and Kadir, H.A. (2015).@Annona muricata (Annonaceae): A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Isolated Acetogenins and Biological Activities.@Int. J. Mol Sci.,10, 16(7), 15625-58. doi: 10.3390/ijms160715625@Yes$Figueiredo, E. and Smith, G.F. 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@Short Communication
<#LINE#>Bird diversity of Silvassa, Dadra Nagar Haveli (U.T.) of India<#LINE#>M.I. @Dahya,K.R. @Rajput,K.H. @Tandel <#LINE#>28-34<#LINE#>5.ISCA-IRJBS-2021-023.pdf<#LINE#>B.K.M Science College, Valsad, Gujarat 396001, India@KBS Commerce and Nataraj Professional Sciences College, Vapi, Gujarat 396191, India@5, Sagar Sarvodaya Society, Chhapra Road Navsari, Gujarat 396450, India<#LINE#>30/7/2021<#LINE#>17/9/2022<#LINE#>The primary goal of this research is to identify the various bird species in Silvassa, Dadra Nagar Haveli (UT), and to compile a bird checklist for the study region. In total 111 species belonging to 14 orders and 39 families were recorded in a preliminary assessment of avifaunal diversity in Silvassa, Dadra Nagar Haveli (UT) between the period from June 2019 to April 2020. Order Passeriformes (Crow, Drongo, Munia, Robin, Sunbird, Sparrow, Weaver, Myna), Order Pelecaniformes (Egret, Heron) were dominating. In the family Ardeidae (Egret, Heron) was dominating. During the present study survey, birds with diverse food habitats were also observed.<#LINE#>Pradhan, R. N., Das, U. P., Mohapatra, R. K. & Mishra, A. K. (2013).@Checklist of birds in and around Ansupa Lake, Odisha, India.@International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2, 9-12.@Yes$Pinal Thakor (2019).@Avifaunal Diversity of Maharaja Krishna kumar sinhji Bhavnagar University Campus, Bhavnagar, Gujarat.@@No$Saikia P. K. & Devi O. S. (2011).@A checklist of avian fauna at Jeypore Reserve Forest, eastern Assam, India with special reference to globally threatened and endemic species in the Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot.@Journal of threatened Taxa, 1711-1718.@Yes$Ali, S. & Ripley, S. D. (1983).@Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan.@@Yes$Manjunath K. & Joshi B. (2012).@Avifaunal diversity in Gulbarga region, north Karnatak.@Recent Research in Science and Technology, 4(7).@Yes$Kalaiyarasi G., Jayabalan D.S., Ramesh kumar C. & Subramanian C. (2017).@Avian Diversity and its Abundance in the Kethi Valley areas, the Nilgiris, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu.@International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 5, 781-788.@No$Kumar Biju (2006).@A checklist of the avifauna of the Bharathapuzha river basin, Kerala.@Zoos@Yes$Singh D. (2015).@Avifaunal Diversity of Solan District, Himachal Pradesh, India.@International Journal of Science and Research, 4(10), 550-556.@Yes$Jain N. K., Patel, S. N. & Patel M. V. (2005).@Birds of Gujarat University Campus, Ahmedabad.@Zoos’ Print Journal, 20(12), 2111-2113.@Yes$Ringim A. S. & Muhammad S. I. (2017).@A checklist for birds of Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria.@Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Science, 3(1), 15-21.@Yes$Joshi P. R. A. G. A. T. I. & Shrivastava V. K. (2012).@Ecological study and bird diversity of Tawa Reservoir and its surrounding areas of Hoshangabad district (Madhya Pradesh).@The Bioscan, 7(1), 129-133.@Yes
@Review Paper
<#LINE#>Biosurfactants- A boon for therapeutics<#LINE#>Nisha S. @Nayak,Dhruvi S. @Joshi,Yesha S. @Rathi <#LINE#>35-41<#LINE#>6.ISCA-IRJBS-2023-005.pdf<#LINE#>Disha Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India@Swarnim Startup and Innovation University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India@Disha Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India<#LINE#>15/2/2023<#LINE#>28/3/2023<#LINE#>Since the last decade, research has been underway to discover natural substances with therapeutic properties that can be exploited to treat a variety of ailments and enhance human health. One class of amphiphilic compounds of microbial origin that can interact with lipid membranes and other components of microorganisms and alter their physicochemical properties are biosurfactants. Due to this feature, biosurfactants are being studied more closely as prospective novel medications with potential uses in the clinical and therapeutic domains. The current review addresses biosurfactants' antimicrobial, antiviral, antibiofilm, and anticancer characteristics as well as their potential use in drug delivery systems.<#LINE#>Morita, T., Ishibashi, Y., Hirose, N., Wada, K., Takahashi, M., Fukuoka, T., ... & Kitamoto, D. (2011).@Production and characterization of a glycolipid biosurfactant, mannosylerythritol lipid B, from sugarcane juice by Ustilagoscitaminea NBRC 32730.@Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 75(7), 1371-1376.@Yes$Shekhar, S., Sundaramanickam, A., & Balasubramanian, T. (2015).@Biosurfactant producing microbes and their potential applications: A review.@Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol, 45(14), 1522-1554.@Yes$Chen, M. L., Penfold, J., Thomas, R. K., Smyth, T. J. P., Perfumo, A., Marchant, R., ... & Grillo, I. (2010).@Mixing behavior of the biosurfactant, rhamnolipid, with a conventional anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.@Langmuir, 26(23), 17958-17968.@Yes$Chen, M. L., Penfold, J., Thomas, R. K., Smyth, T. J. P., Perfumo, A., Marchant, R., ... & Grillo, I. (2010).@Solution self-assembly and adsorption at the air− water interface of the monorhamnose and dirhamnose rhamnolipids and their mixtures.@Langmuir, 26(23), 18281-18292.@Yes$Abbot, V., Paliwal, D., Sharma, A., & Sharma, P. (2022).@A review on the physicochemical and biological applications of biosurfactants in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals.@Heliyon, e10149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10149@Yes$Corazza, E., Abruzzo, A., Giordani, B., Cerchiara, T., Bigucci, F., Vitali, B., ... & Luppi, B. (2022).@Human Lactobacillus biosurfactants as natural excipients for nasal drug delivery of hydrocortisone.@Pharmaceutics, 14(3), 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030524@Yes$Gudiña, E. J., Rangarajan, V., Sen, R., & Rodrigues, L. R. (2013).@Potential therapeutic applications of biosurfactants.@Trends Pharmacol Sci, 34(12), 667-675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2013.10.002@Yes$Fracchia, L., Banat, J. J., Cavallo, M., & Banat, I. M. (2015).@Potential therapeutic applications of microbial surface-activecompounds.@AIMS Bioeng, 2(3), 144-162. http://www.aimspress.com/article/10.3934/bioeng.2015.3.144@Yes$Sajid, M., Khan, M. S. A., Cameotra, S. S., & Al-Thubiani, A. S. (2020).@Biosurfactants: potential applications as immunomodulator drugs.@Immunol Lett, 223, 71-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2020.04.003@Yes$Lim, J. S., Park, H. S., Cho, S., & Yoon, H. S. (2018).@Antibiotic susceptibility and treatment response in bacterial skin infection.@Ann Dermatol, 30(2), 186. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2018.30.2.186@Yes$Gudiña, E. J., Teixeira, J. A., & Rodrigues, L. R. (2016).@Biosurfactants produced by marine microorganisms with therapeutic applications.@Mar drugs, 14(2), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/md14020038@Yes$Fariq, A., & Saeed, A. (2016).@Production and biomedical applications of probiotic biosurfactants.@Curr Microbiol, 72, 489-495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-015-0978-4@Yes$Gudina, E. J., Teixeira, J. A., & Rodrigues, L. R. (2010).@Isolation and functional characterization of a biosurfactant produced by Lactobacillus paracasei.@Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 76(1), 298-304.@Yes$Mandal, S. M., Sharma, S., Pinnaka, A. K., Kumari, A., &Korpole, S. (2013).@Isolation and characterization of diverse antimicrobial lipopeptides produced by Citrobacter and Enterobacter.@BMC Microbiol, 13, 1-9.@Yes$Saravanakumari, P. & Mani, K. (2010). Structural characterization of a novel xylolipid biosurfactant from Lactococcus lactis and analysis of antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant pathogens.  Bioresour Technol, 101(22), 8851-8854.@undefined@undefined@Yes$Jung, M., Lee, S., & Kim, H. (2000).@Recent studies on natural products as anti-HIV agents.@Curr Med Chem, 7(6), 649-661.@Yes$Seydlová, G., & Svobodová, J. (2008).@Review of surfactin chemical properties and the potential biomedical applications.@Cent Eur J Med, 3, 123-133. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11536-008-0002-5@Yes$Yuan, L., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Wang, X., & Yang, Q. (2018).@Surfactin inhibits membrane fusion during invasion of epithelial cells by enveloped viruses.@J Virol, 92(21), e00809-18.@Yes$Biniarz, P., Łukaszewicz, M., & Janek, T. (2017).@Screening concepts, characterization and structural analysis of microbial-derived bioactive lipopeptides: a review.@Crit Rev Biotechnol, 37(3), 393-410. https://doi.org/10.3109/07388551.2016.1163324@Yes$Naruse, N., Tenmyo, O., Kobaru, S., Kamei, H., Miyaki, T., Konishi, M., & Oki, T. (1990).@Pumilacidin, a complex of new antiviral antibiotics production, isolation, chemical properties, structure and biological activity.@J Antibiot, 43(3), 267-280.@Yes$Vollenbroich, D., Özel, M., Vater, J., Kamp, R. M., & Pauli, G. (1997).@Mechanism of inactivation of enveloped viruses by the biosurfactant surfactinfrom Bacillus subtilis.@Biologicals, 25(3), 289-297.@Yes$Huang, X., Lu, Z., Zhao, H., Bie, X., Lü, F., & Yang, S. (2006).@Antiviral activity of antimicrobial lipopeptide from Bacillus subtilis fmbj against pseudorabies virus, porcine parvovirus, newcastle disease virus and infectious bursal disease virus in vitro.@Int J Pept Res Ther, 12, 373-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-006-9041-4@Yes$Subramaniam, M. D., Venkatesan, D., Iyer, M., Subbarayan, S., Govindasami, V., Roy, A., ... &Vellingiri, B. (2020).@Biosurfactants and anti-inflammatory activity: A potential new approach towards COVID-19.@Curr Opin Environ Sci Health, 17, 72-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2020.09.002@Yes$Smith, M. L., Gandolfi, S., Coshall, P. M., & Rahman, P. K. (2020).@Biosurfactants: a Covid-19 perspective.@Front Microbiol, 11, 1341.@Yes$Ceresa, C., Fracchia, L., Fedeli, E., Porta, C., & Banat, I. M. (2021).@Recent advances in biomedical, therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications of microbial surfactants.@Pharmaceutics, 13(4), 466. https://doi.org/10. 3390/pharmaceutics13040466@Yes$Berlanga, M., & Guerrero, R. (2016).@Living together in biofilms: the microbial cell factory and its biotechnological implications.@Microb Cell Factories, 15(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-016-0569-5@Yes$Vestby, L. K., Grønseth, T., Simm, R., & Nesse, L. L. (2020).@Bacterial biofilm and its role in the pathogenesis of disease.@Antibiotics, 9(2), 59. https://doi.org/10.3390/ antibiotics9020059@Yes$López, D., Vlamakis, H., & Kolter, R. (2010).@Biofilms.@Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 2(7), a000398. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a000398@Yes$Sharma, D., Misba, L., & Khan, A. U. (2019).@Antibiotics versus biofilm: an emerging battleground in microbial communities.@Antimicrob Resist Infect Control, 8(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-019-0533-3@Yes$Haque, M., Sartelli, M., Mc Kimm, J., & Bakar, M. A. (2018).@Health care-associated infections–an overview.@Infect Drug Resist, 11, 2321. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S177247@Yes$Percival, S. L., Suleman, L., Vuotto, C., & Donelli, G. (2015).@Healthcare-associated infections, medical devices and biofilms: risk, tolerance and control.@J Med Microbiol, 64(4), 323-334. https://doi.org/10.1099/ jmm.0.000032@Yes$Khatoon, Z., McTiernan, C. D., Suuronen, E. J., Mah, T. F., & Alarcon, E. I. (2018).@Bacterial biofilm formation on implantable devices and approaches to its treatment and prevention.@Heliyon, 4(12), e01067. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01067@Yes$Koo, H., Allan, R. N., Howlin, R. P., Stoodley, P., & Hall-Stoodley, L. (2017).@Targeting microbial biofilms: current and prospective therapeutic strategies.@Nat Rev Microbiol, 15(12), 740-755. https://doi.org/10.1038/ nrmicro.2017.99@Yes$Fleming, D., & Rumbaugh, K. P. (2017).@Approaches to dispersing medical biofilms.@Microorganisms, 5(2), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5020015@Yes$Naughton, P. J., Marchant, R., Naughton, V., & Banat, I. M. (2019).@Microbial biosurfactants: current trends and applications in agricultural and biomedical industries.@J Appl Microbiol, 127(1), 12-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/ jam.14243@Yes$Fracchia, L., Ceresa, C., & Banat, I. M. (2019).@Biosurfactants in cosmetic, biomedical and pharmaceutical industry. Microbial Biosurfactants and Their Environmental and Industrial Applications.@Banat, IM, Thavasi, R., Eds, 258-288. https://doi.org/10.1201/b21950@Yes$Banat, I. M., Carboué, Q., Saucedo-Castaneda, G., & de Jesús Cázares-Marinero, J. (2021).@Biosurfactants: The green generation of speciality chemicals and potential production using Solid-State fermentation (SSF) technology.@Bioresour Technol, 320, 124222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124222@Yes$Satpute, S. K., Kulkarni, G. R., Banpurkar, A. G., Banat, I. M., Mone, N. S., Patil, R. H., & Cameotra, S. S. (2016).@Biosurfactants from Lactobacilli species: Properties, challenges and potential biomedical applications.@J Basic Microbiol, 56(11), 1140-1158. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jobm.201600143@Yes$Banat, I. M., De Rienzo, M. A. D., & Quinn, G. A. (2014).@Microbial biofilms: biosurfactants as antibiofilm agents.@Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 98, 9915-9929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-6169-6@Yes$Paraszkiewicz, K., Moryl, M., Płaza, G., Bhagat, D., K. Satpute, S., & Bernat, P. (2021).@Surfactants of microbial origin as antibiofilm agents.@Int J Environ Health Res, 31(4), 401-420.@Yes$Ceresa, C., Rinaldi, M., Tessarolo, F., Maniglio, D., Fedeli, E., Tambone, E., ... & Fracchia, L. (2021b).@Inhibitory effects of lipopeptides and glycolipids on C. albicans–Staphylococcus spp. Dual-Species Biofilms.@Front Microbiol, 11, 545654. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb. 2020. 545654@Yes$Rodrigues, L. R., Banat, I. M., Van der Mei, H. C., Teixeira, J. A., & Oliveira, R. (2006).@Interference in adhesion of bacteria and yeasts isolated from explanted voice prostheses to silicone rubber by rhamnolipid biosurfactants.@J Appl Microbiol, 100(3), 470-480. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02826.x@Yes$Quinn, G. A., Maloy, A. P., Banat, M. M., & Banat, I. M. (2013).@A comparison of effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics and biosurfactants on established bacterial biofilms.@Curr Microbiol, 67, 614-623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-013-0412-8@Yes$Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., & Jemal, A. (2015).@Cancer statistics. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 65(1), 5-29. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21254@undefined@Yes$Cochrane, S. A., &Vederas, J. C. (2016).@Lipopeptides from Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp.: a gold mine of antibiotic candidates.@Med Res Rev, 36(1), 4-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21321@Yes$Rodrigues, L., Banat, I. M., Teixeira, J., & Oliveira, R. (2006b).@Biosurfactants: potential applications in medicine.@J Antimicrob Chemother, 57(4), 609-618. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkl024@Yes$Cao, X. H., Wang, A. H., Wang, C. L., Mao, D. Z., Lu, M. F., Cui, Y. Q., & Jiao, R. Z. (2010).@Surfactin induces apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through a ROS/JNK-mediated mitochondrial/caspase pathway.@Chemico-biological interactions, 183(3), 357-362.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2009.11.027@Yes$Zhao, X., Geltinger, C., Kishikawa, S., Ohshima, K., Murata, T., Nomura, N., ... & Yokoyama, K. K. 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S., Marchant, R., & Banat, I. M. (2016).@Effect of biosurfactants on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in a BioFlux channel.@Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 100, 5773-5779. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00253-016-7310-5@Yes$Singh, A. K., & Sharma, P. (2020).@Disinfectant-like activity of lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Bacillus tequilensis strain SDS21.@Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 185, 110514. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.colsurfb.2019.110514@Yes$Cao, L. Q., Wang, X. L., Wang, Q., Xue, P., Jiao, X. Y., Peng, H. P., ... & Chen, J. S. (2009).@Rosiglitazone sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines to 5-fluorouracil antitumor activity through activation of the PPARγsignaling pathway.@Acta Pharmacol Sin, 30(9), 1316-1322. https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2009.119@Yes$Chen, J., Song, X., Zhang, H., & Qu, Y. 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