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Isotherm and batch system kinetics of cadmium ion sorption using mango seed shell

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Author Affiliations

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Modibbo Adama University, P.M.B 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
  • 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Modibbo Adama University, P.M.B 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
  • 3Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Modibbo Adama University, P.M.B 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
  • 4Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Modibbo Adama University, P.M.B 2076, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Res.J.chem.sci., Volume 14, Issue (1), Pages 31-44, February,18 (2024)

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity even in low amounts can be felt if consumed by humans and animals. Mango seed shell biosorption property to get rid of this metal ion from contaminated water is therefore proposed by this study after several thoughtful bench-scale batch examination, beginning with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. In that regard, the removal of Cd2+ at higher biosorption percentage occurs at low process conditions, which are: 10 min contact time, 0.5g biosorbent dose, 5mg/L initial Cd2+ concentration and pH = 4, corresponding to 82.47%, 99.49%, 62.43% and 62.45%, respectively. Uniquely, in this study, two solution approaches for finding isotherm model parameters from Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) formulae were also examined. Herein, the nonlinear regression technique (NRT) with satisfactory statistical estimates was the best method of finding the model parameters compared to the graphical technique (GT). Based on reduced chi-square, coefficient of determination (R2) and the residual sum of squares (RSS) given by the user-defined NRT carried out in Origin Pro 2018, the best isotherm are in the order of Langmuir, D-R and Freundlich. Both techniques however, reveals that the adsorption of Cd unto mango seed shell endocarp is a physical adsorption process, due to an E = 0.3743 & 0.4677 kJ/mol obtained from the D-R isotherm. Also, an R2 = 0.9978 from linear fitting, presents the Pseudo Second order adsorption kinetic model followed by the Lagergren alternative proposed in the literature, as the best model under the specified conditions. The bottom line now is to compare the biosorbent performance of mango seed shell with others reported previously and to determine the percent removal of other toxic heavy metals, also studying their isotherms and kinetics.

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